Greek Painting perhaps would share all the praises bestowed on their
Sculpture, had time and the barbarity of mankind allowed us to be
decisive on that point.
All the Greek painters are allowed is Contour and Expression.
Perspective, Composition, and Colouring, are denied them; a judgment
founded on some bas-reliefs, and the new-discovered ancient (for we dare
not say Greek) pictures, at and near Rome, in the subterranean vaults of
the palaces of Mæcenas, Titus, Trajan, and the Antonini; of which but
about thirty are preserved entire, some being only in Mosaic.
_Turnbull_, to his treatise on ancient painting, has subjoined a
collection of the most known ancient pictures, drawn by _Camillo
Paderni_, and engraved by _Mynde_; and these alone give some value to the
magnificent and abused paper of his work. Two of them are copied from
originals in the cabinet of the late Dr. _Mead_.
That _Poussin_ much studied the pretended _Aldrovandine_ Nuptials; that
drawings are found done by _Annibal Carracci_, from the presumed _Marcius
Coriolanus_; and that there is a most striking resemblance between the
heads of _Guido_, and those on the Mosaic representing _Jupiter_ carrying
off _Europa_, are remarks long since made.
Indeed, if ancient Painting were to be judged by these, and such like
remains of _Fresco_ pictures, Contour and Expression might be wrested
from it in the same manner. For the pictures, with figures as big as
life, pulled off with the walls of the Herculanean theatre, afford but
a very poor idea of the Contour and Expression of the ancient painters.
Theseus, the conqueror of the Minotaur, worshipped by the Athenian
youths; Flora with Hercules and a Faunus; the pretended judgment of the
Decemvir Appius Claudius, are on the testimony of an artist who saw them,
of a Contour as mean as faulty; and the heads want not only Expression,
but those in the Claudius even Character.
But even this is an evident instance of the meanness of the artists: for
the science of beautiful Proportions, of Contour, and Expression, could
not be the exclusive privilege of Greek sculptors alone.
However, though I am for doing justice to the ancients, I have no
intention to lessen the merit of the moderns.
In Perspective there is no comparison between them and the ancients,
whom no earned defence can intitle to any superiority in that science.
The laws of Composition and Ordonnance seem to have been but imperfectly
known by the ancients: the reliefs of the times when the Greek arts were
flourishing at Rome, are instances of this. The accounts of the ancient
writers, and the remains of Painting are likewise, in point of Colouring,
decisive in favour of the moderns.
There are several other objects of Paintings which, in modern times, have
attained greater perfection: such are landscapes and cattle pieces. The
ancients seem not to have been acquainted with the handsomer varieties of
different animals in different climes, if we may conclude from the horse
of M. Aurelius; the two horses in Monte Cavallo; the pretended Lysippean
horses above the portal of St. Mark’s church at Venice; the Farnesian
bull, and other animals of that groupe.
I observe, by the bye, that the ancients were careless of giving to their
horses the diametrical motion of their legs; as we see in the horses at
Venice, and the ancient coins: and in that they have been followed, nay
even defended, by some ignorant moderns.
’Tis chiefly to oil-painting that our landscapes, and especially those
of the Dutch, owe their beauties: by that their colours acquired more
strength and liveliness; and even nature herself seems to have given them
a thicker, moister atmosphere, as an advantage to this branch of the art.
These, and some other advantages over the ancients, deserve to be set
forth with more solid arguments than we have hitherto had.