=Dorion, Hon. Sir Antoine Aimé=, Knight, Montreal, Chief Justice of the

Province of Quebec, was born at Ste. Anne de la Pérade, district of

Three Rivers, on the 17th January, 1818. He is a son of Pierre Antoine

Dorion, who was a member of the House of Assembly for Lower Canada for

the county of Champlain, prior to the troubles of 1835 and 1837, and

Genevieve Bureau, his wife. He is a grandson of P. Bureau, who sat in

the Assembly for the county of St. Maurice, and nephew of Hon. Jacques

O. Bureau, who is a Senator for DeLorimer division. The subject of this

sketch received an excellent education at Nicolet College. After a

course of study in law he was called to the bar of Lower Canada,

January, 1842; was appointed a Q.C. in 1863, and created a knight in

1877. He has occupied a distinguished position at the bar; was elected

several times _bâtonnier_ of the Montreal bar, and was also

_bâtonnier-general_ of the bar of the province. He began at an early age

to take an interest in politics, and from 1854 to 1861 he sat in the

Canadian Assembly for Montreal, and for Hochelaga from 1862 until the

union. He represented the same county in the House of Commons until

1872, when he was returned for Napierville, for which he continued to

sit until his elevation to the bench. He was leader of the _Rouge_ or

French Canadian Liberal party of the province of Quebec, from his

entrance into political life until his retirement. In August, 1858, the

Macdonald-Cartier government was succeeded by the Brown-Dorion

administration, when Mr. Dorion became attorney-general. He was sworn in

a member of the Privy Council November 7th, 1873, and was minister of

justice from that date until appointed chief justice of the province of

Quebec. During his career in parliament, he held the offices of

commissioner of crown lands in 1858; provincial secretary from May,

1862, to January, 1863, when he resigned on the Intercolonial Railway

question; attorney-general for Lower Canada, and co-leader of the

government (with Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald as premier), from May,

1863, to March, 1864, when the ministry resigned from office. He acted

as administrator of the province of Quebec, in December, 1876, during

the illness of Lieut.-Governor Caron. He was married, in 1848, to a

daughter of the late Dr. Trestler, of Montreal.

* * * * *

=Tupper, Hon. Sir Charles=, G.C.M.G., C.B., D.C.L., Minister of Finance

for the Dominion of Canada, M.P. for Cumberland, Nova Scotia, was born

at Amherst, N.S., on the 2nd July, 1821. The family is of Hesse-Cassel

origin. After having settled for a time in Guernsey, one of the British

channel islands, the forefathers of the future Canadian minister of

finance, with the object of improving their condition, left for

Virginia, in America, and subsequently, at the termination of the

American revolutionary war, removed, with other United Empire loyalists,

to Nova Scotia, where they settled. The family was also connected with

that of the late Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, the hero of Queenston

heights. His father was the late Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D., of

Aylesford, N.S. Young Tupper received a classical education at Acadia

College, Nova Scotia, and graduated from that institution with the

degrees of M.A. and D.C.L. He subsequently went to Edinburgh, Scotland,

where he studied medicine, and took the degree of M.D., and also

received the diploma of the College of Surgeons of the same city, in

1843. On his return he began the practice of his profession, and soon

succeeded in building up a lucrative business. A man of Dr. Tupper’s

ambitious turn was likely, sooner or later, to take that road which

leads so many men to high public distinction, and probably when he did

so, few men in this country were ever so well equipped for such a

venture. He had a good presence, a hearty, genial address; he had read

widely, observed keenly, and could discourse volubly and captivatingly

upon any topic that arose. His extensive professional practice made him

known to nearly everybody in Cumberland; and he had the tact—as the

time was near that he had chosen for embarkation on public life—to be

less prompt in sending in his accounts, and less rigid in enforcing

payment than heretofore. Indeed, the robust and correct business man

soon attained the name of being generous. Dr. Tupper was always a

Conservative, and for the Conservative party he always expressed his

preferences. But he could not be called a Tory. There was nothing

retrogressive or narrow about him, and he did not care three straws for

custom or tradition if it stood in the way of any condition of affairs

that he considered desirable. In 1855 a general election took place in

Nova Scotia, and, in response to a call from a number of prominent

Conservatives, he offered himself for Cumberland, and was successful.

And successful, too, over an opponent no less redoubtable than the then

great lion of the Reform party, Joseph Howe. Howe was a most generous

opponent. In that contest he did not suppose that he would be defeated,

but he recognised the strength of his young opponent. From hustings to

hustings he went, at each one saying that he had no fear of the result,

but bearing testimony to the power of his opponent, and predicting that

the time was near when he would be heard from, and render a creditable

account of himself. The result of the fight, as we have said, was that

Dr. Tupper was returned to represent his native county in the Nova

Scotia legislature, where the young member for Cumberland at once

attracted notice. As a speaker he was astute, ready, sarcastic, and

often overwhelming, and for downright thunderous strength of style, no

one could come near him. In 1856 he became provincial secretary in the

Hon. James W. Johnston’s administration; in 1858 he went to England on a

mission connected with the Intercolonial Railway; and in 1864 he became

premier, on the retirement of the Hon. Mr. Johnston to the bench. In

1869 he moved the resolutions providing for a conference in Prince

Edward Island to consider a scheme for a maritime union, but that

project was afterwards merged into the larger one, which aimed at a

confederation of the whole of the British North America provinces. In

the confederation movement, Dr. Tupper took a leading part, attending

the Quebec conference, and afterwards going to England when the question

was discussed before the members of the Imperial government. In 1867 he

was created a C.B., and in the same year was invited to take a seat in

the Privy Council of Canada. This he refused, remaining a private member

of the House of Commons till 1870, when he consented to become president

of the council. In 1872 he became minister of inland revenue, and in

1873 minister of customs, which office he was soon obliged to surrender,

by reason of the defeat of the ministry. During the campaign of 1878 he

was like a lion in the fight, and his great battle-cry infused courage

into the hearts of thousands of men who wavered between the two parties.

That year the Liberals were defeated, and Dr. Tupper became minister of

public works till that department was divided, when he took the

portfolio of railways and canals. In 1879 he was created a knight of the

order of St. Michael and St. George. His connection with the Canadian

Pacific Railway is in everybody’s mind. To him more than to any other

man in Canada is due the success of that great enterprise. In 1883 he

was appointed high commissioner of Canada to the Court of St. James in

London, retaining his position as minister of railways and canals. In

this connection, Sir John Macdonald passed an act relieving the

honorable gentleman from penalties under the Independence of Parliament

Act; but after the close of the session of 1884, Sir Charles resigned

his seat in the cabinet, and retained the high commissionership. He,

however, soon re-entered active politics again. He was returned at the

last general election by his old constituency, and was appointed finance

minister on the 27th January, 1887, which office he still holds. Sir

Charles Tupper was appointed executive commissioner for Canada at the

International Exhibition held at Antwerp in 1885, and executive

commissioner at the Colonial and Industrial Exhibition held in London in

1886. At the close of 1887 he was appointed by the Imperial government

to act, in conjunction with the Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, in negotiating

a treaty with the government of the United States of America in relation

to the Canadian fisheries, and the commissioners brought their labors to

a close during the month of February, 1888. While in the Nova Scotian

legislature, Sir Charles introduced and saw carried through many

important measures, which are now bearing good fruit. Among the measures

he introduced into the House of Commons at Ottawa, and saw pass into

law, we may mention the act prohibiting the manufacture and sale of

intoxicating liquors in the North-West Territory, the Consolidation

Railway Act of 1879, the act granting a charter to the Canadian Pacific

Railway Company in 1881, the act of 1884 granting a loan to that

company, the Railway Subsidies Acts of 1883 and 1884, and the act of

1884 respecting an agreement between the province of British Columbia

and the Dominion of Canada. Sir Charles was appointed by Act of

Parliament, in 1862, governor of Dalhousie College, Halifax; and was

president of the Canada Medical Association from its formation in 1867

until 1870, when he declined re-election. In October, 1846, he was

married to Frances Morse, of Amherst.

* * * * *

=Inglis, George=, Owen Sound, Ontario, was born at Inglis Falls, three

miles from Owen Sound, on the 26th July, 1850. He is the second son of

Peter Inglis, who was one of the first pioneers in the town of Owen

Sound, having first arrived there in 1843. The subject of this sketch

was educated at the Owen Sound Grammar School. Leaving school in

January, 1867, he entered his father’s woollen mills, and remained there

three years, during which time he thoroughly mastered the details of the

business. In 1870 he was put in charge of his father’s office, in the

court house, his father at that time holding the position of deputy

clerk of the Crown, clerk of the County Court, and registrar of the

Surrogate Court, and had charge of the office until 1877, when his

father resigned, and he was appointed in his stead. In 1885 he was made

local registrar of the High Court, and in 1886 he also received the

appointment of deputy registrar of the Maritime Court. In 1879 he was

appointed a high school trustee by the county council, which position he

has held ever since. At the present time he fills the position of

chairman of the Board of Education, and has had the honor of being

elected thereto for the last six years in succession. He is the

president of the Cricket Club in the town, and also secretary-treasurer

of the Curling Club. He takes an active interest in secret and

benevolent societies, being a member of the Masonic order, and of the

Independent Order of Odd Fellows, a pastmaster of the Ancient Order of

United Workmen, and a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. On

account of holding government offices, Mr. Inglis has never taken an

active part in politics or municipal affairs. He is a Presbyterian, and

a regular attendant at Knox Church, Owen Sound.

* * * * *

=Partridge, Rev. Francis=, M.A., D.D., Rector of St. George’s Church,

Halifax, Secretary of the diocese of Nova Scotia, and late Canon of

Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, was born at Dursley,

Gloucestershire, England, on the 2nd April, 1846. He is a son of Charles

Partridge, of the old Gloucestershire family of Partridge, of Wishanger,

near Cirencester. The earliest record of this family dates from _temp._

Richard II. Miles Partridge, esquire of the unfortunate Protector, the

Duke of Somerset, was knighted for his gallant conduct on the field of

Pinkie. William Partridge, the London police magistrate, and Richard

Partridge, the noted surgeon, are of the same stock. His mother is

Catherine Gilmour, of the family of Gilmour, whose seat is at

Craigmillar, near Edinburgh, Scotland. Her grandfather, Colonel James

Lyon Gilmour, was quartermaster-general for many years at Quebec. The

Rev. Mr. Partridge was educated at Lady Berkeley’s Grammar School,

founded in 1300, at Wootton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire. He was a

foundation scholar from 1855 to 1862, and from 1862 to 1864, tutor in

the family of the Rev. Isaac Williams, B.D., a friend of Newman and

Pusey, and one of the original writers of “Tracts for the Times,” and

closely associated with the Oxford Tractarian movement. During 1864 and

1865 he was classical master at the grammar school at Dursley. In 1865

he matriculated at St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury, having been

strongly moved to take up missionary work, and expecting to obtain the

best training for that purpose at this college. He was mission essay and

Whytehead prizeman for Greek Testament in 1866, and also took the first

place in final medical examination, in 1867. After finishing his college

course, he received the appointment of principal of the county Grammar

School at St. Andrew’s, New Brunswick, the duties of which he assumed in

1868. Being too young for ordination, he remained in the school,

prosecuting his theological studies, until June, 1869, when he was

ordained a deacon by the Bishop of Fredericton, the Right Rev. John

Medley, D.D., in the parish church of St. Andrew’s, N.B. He was then

appointed curate of St. Andrew’s, in which position he served the church

for three and a half years, still retaining the mastership of the

school. He was ordained priest in June, 1870, by the same bishop. In

November, 1871, he was unanimously elected rector of Rothesay, Kings

county, N.B., which he accepted, and took up his residence at Easter,

1872. In 1872 he received the degree of hon. M.A. from Trinity College,

Hartford, Conn. In 1876 he was elected secretary of the Diocesan Synod

of Fredericton. About this time he began to take a great interest in

missions, or systematic preachings, and for a continuous period studied

the question, and finally, in 1877, began to give his services in this

direction, holding missions in several parishes in the diocese of

Fredericton. In 1879 he was appointed canon of Christ Church Cathedral,

Fredericton, by the bishop, for his service to the church. In the same

year, the degree of Bachelor of Divinity at King’s College, Windsor,

being thrown open to clergymen of six years standing, on passing the

required examinations, he went to Windsor and passed the examination,

and received that degree in June of the same year. In November, 1881, he

was elected to the parish of St. George, Halifax, N.S., to which

position he went at Easter, 1882, leaving Rothesay and the diocese of

Fredericton with much reluctance. In 1884 he received his degree of D.D.

at King’s College, by special examination, taking the cognate dialects

of the Old Testament, Chaldee, Syriac, and Assyrian, as the subjects of

his theses. In 1884 he was appointed secretary of the diocese of Nova

Scotia, which he still holds, in connection with his parish of St.

George. In 1882 he restored the church, and in 1887 built new schools.

In 1888 he was elected fellow of his own college, St. Augustine’s,

Canterbury, an honor conferred only upon four out of five hundred

alumni, “in consideration of his highly honorable career, and the great

services he has rendered to the Canadian church.” He has been a member

of the Provincial Synod of Canada since 1874, and has served on several

of its committees. In the year 1885-6 the question of the confederation

of the colleges in the province of Nova Scotia was warmly discussed,

and, after mature consideration, he took the side of confederation,

advocating the fusing of King’s and Dalhousie colleges, with removal, if

necessary, of King’s College to Halifax. Though supported by many of the

most earnest and thoughtful churchmen, this scheme was defeated by the

opposition of the graduates of King’s College, who imagined that their

cherished privileges were being betrayed. In spite, however, of Dr.

Partridge’s views on the confederation question, he was unanimously

elected a governor of the college by the Synod of Nova Scotia, in 1886.

He has been divinity examiner for degrees, also for prize essays and in

Hebrew, at the college since 1884, when he was also appointed lecturer

in apologetic theology, delivering six lectures on this subject each

year. He has made canon law a special study, with reference chiefly to

its bearing on the church in this country. But his chief delight is the

study of the Old Testament, in connection with the recent discoveries in

Assyria and Egypt, which throw so much light upon the criticism and

interpretation of the Scriptures. He has delivered many popular lectures

upon this subject, and has studied the cuneiform so as to be able to

speak with authority. Dr. Partridge was the first to take up church army

work in Canada, which he introduced into his parish in 1886, being

anxious to adopt every measure which would influence the masses for

good. He has for many years been an advocate of temperance, and total

abstinence where necessary, and is the chairman of the Coffee House

Committee in Halifax, which has been successful in making temperance

coffee rooms pay, though surrounded by taverns. He is vice-president of

the Church of England Institute; president of the Church Sunday School

Teachers’ Association; president of St. George’s Benefit Society,

containing over three hundred working men as members; member of the

committee of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and

president of the Halifax Emigrants’ Home. He is an ardent Freemason,

having been initiated in the Royal Lodge of Faith and Friendship,

Berkeley, England, in 1868. He received his W.M. degree in St. Andrew’s,

N.B. He joined the Royal Arch Chapter in St. Stephen, N.B., in 1869; R.

and S. Master’s in St. John, in 1872; K. T. and K. M. and Red Cross, in

1873; assisted in forming a Consistory 32° of the Ancient and Accepted

Scottish Rite in St. John; and has filled various offices in connection

therewith. He was grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick

from 1873 to 1879, when he was elected deputy grand master, and would

afterwards have been elected grand master but for his removal to

Halifax. He is now P.D.G.M. and G.C. of Nova Scotia. He found the A. and

A. Scottish Rite in a moribund condition in Nova Scotia, and

rescusitated it and organized a Consistory 32°, of which he was the

first G. Com. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Supreme Council,

33°, for the Dominion of Canada, and appointed deputy for Nova Scotia.

In religion the doctor is a moderate High Churchman, believing

thoroughly in the doctrines and position of his own church, but

recognizing the good in all. He has published various sermons and

tracts. He married, in 1868, Maria Louisa, youngest daughter of John J.

Gillett, of Bristol, England, by whom he has a family of four sons and

four daughters.

* * * * *

=Poupore, William Joseph=, Mill Owner, Contractor and Farmer,

Chichester, province of Quebec, M.P.P. for Pontiac, is of Norman-French

descent. He was born on Allumette Island, P.Q., on the 29th April, 1846.

His parents were William Poupore and Susan McAdam. He received his early

educational training in the place of his birth, and completed it at the

Ottawa Commercial College. He also studied law for a year. He commenced

business as a storekeeper at Chichester in 1870; in 1872 he built a saw

and carding mill, and in 1875 a grist mill, in the same village. He

ceased this line of business in 1878, and began operations as a

contractor. He obtained a contract from the Dominion government for the

construction of the Roche-feudu and the Calumet dams, which were

completed in 1883. In 1884 he entered into lumbering operations, and in

1886 obtained the government contract for the construction of the du

Lievre locks and dams, and on this contract he is still engaged. Mr.

Poupore was warden of the county of Pontiac from 1880 to 1881; has been

mayor of Chichester from 1872 to the present (1888), and from 1872 to

1882 was chairman of the school commissioners of Chichester. He has been

connected with the Pontiac and Pacific Junction Railway, and also with

the Bryson and Calumet bridge, the erection of which bridge cost

$22,000. Mr. Poupore is a Conservative in politics, and first took part

in the general election of 1878. He was returned to the seat he now

occupies in the Quebec legislature in March, 1882, on the death of T. M.

Bryson, the sitting member; and at the general election of 1886 was

re-elected, beating his opponent, Henry Porteous, the Liberal candidate,

by a majority of 1,147 votes. In religion Mr. Poupore is a Roman

Catholic. On the 31st August, 1870, he was married to Barbara Elenore,

second daughter of John Poupore, who represented Pontiac in the Quebec

legislature from 1862 to 1875, and the same county from 1878 to 1882 in

the House of Commons of Canada, when he retired from public life.

* * * * *

=Bourgeois, Hon. Jean Baptiste=, Three Rivers, Quebec, was born in the

parish of St. Dominique, county of Bagot, Quebec, on the 19th May, 1835.

He is the son of François Bourgeois and Scholastique Coté, his wife. His

grandparents came from Acadia. The subject of this sketch was educated

at St. Hyacinthe, taking a full classical course; afterwards studied law

in the offices of Maurice Laframboise and Augustine C. Papineau, both

since appointed judges of the Quebec Superior Court, and was called to

the bar on 1st May, 1858. At the bar he soon distinguished himself,

especially as a municipal lawyer. He rose rapidly, and soon took his

place among the leading lights of the fraternity, ranking with such

foremost lawyers as Messrs. Sicotte, Chagnon, and others. After the

elevation of Mr. Sicotte to the bench, Mr. Bourgeois was the

acknowledged head of the bar of St. Hyacinthe, and for sixteen years

thereafter he enjoyed a large, and, needless to say, a lucrative

practice. He was appointed one of the judges of the Superior Court for

the province of Quebec, in June, 1876; his appointment being looked upon

by his numerous friends as a fitting compliment to his learning,

ability, and integrity. On his appointment he moved to Aylmer, the shire

town of Ottawa county, and of the judicial district of Ottawa, which

includes two counties. Before his departure, a banquet was tendered him

by the leading men of all parties, who took this opportunity of

expressing publicly their pleasure in the just recognition of his great

talents, and their sorrow at the loss to the city of so worthy and

eminent a man. In November, 1880, he was removed to Three Rivers,

_chef-lieu_ of the judicial district of the same name (the most

important judicial district of the province after Montreal and Quebec).

During his law practice at St. Hyacinthe, Mr. Bourgeois was in

partnership with the late Hon. P. Rachaud, provincial treasurer during

the Joly administration; and again with the Hon. Honoré Mercier, who was

solicitor-general during the same administration, and who is now premier

of the province. Mr. Bourgeois always took a prominent part in the

educational and municipal affairs of St. Hyacinthe. He was school

commissioner for a long time; alderman for several years; president of

the Literary Association, and first president of the St. Lawrence and

Missisquoi Junction Railway. He also took great interest in politics,

supporting the Reform party, and in 1874 was a candidate for the county

of Bagot, in the House of Commons, but was defeated by a small majority

by J. A. Mousseau, the Conservative nominee. On the 6th of May, 1859,

Mr. Bourgeois was married to Mary Frances, daughter of William C.

Gilson, of Aylmer, and has had issue eight children, of whom only three,

two daughters and a son, Corinne, Adèle, and John F. L., are now living.

Judge Bourgeois is in every sense of the word a self-made man, and is an

excellent example of what can be accomplished by push, energy, and a

determination to succeed. His father was only a day-laborer, and unable

to give his son more than an elementary education. But the son, nothing

daunted, determined to take a course at the Great Seminary at St.

Hyacinthe; and to accomplish this, he went among his friends and

solicited their aid. Seeing the pluck and energy of the lad, his appeal

was quickly responded to, and the result shows that the confidence of

his friends of his younger days was not misplaced, but was, on the

contrary, well-merited and worthily disposed.

* * * * *

=Boivin, Charles Alphonse=, Collector of Inland Revenue, St. Hyacinthe,

province of Quebec, was born the 25th of December, 1844, at St.

Hyacinthe. His father, Leonard Boivin, was a successful merchant, and

who, previous to his demise, in November, 1868, also held the office his

son now holds. His mother, Marie Zoe Lagorce, is a descendant of an old

French family, who left the old land long years ago and settled in the

New France. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Seminary at

St. Hyacinthe, taking a classical course with honors. After leaving

college in 1863, he entered mercantile life as assistant to his father,

and continued in business until the death of his father, January 18th,

1869, when he retired to assume the position he now occupies. It is

conceded on every hand, by all who have had business relations with him,

that he has filled the office to the satisfaction of all who have had to

deal with the government through him. In 1869 he passed his examination

as a notary for the province of Quebec. A remarkable fact which must be

mentioned is that Mr. Boivin is the only public officer in the Dominion

who never took part in politics, nor did he ever exercise the right to

vote, yet his leanings are, and always have been, Conservative. He is a

Roman Catholic in religion. On January 25th, 1871, he was married to

Marie Julie Valois, of Quebec, whose father was a customs officer for

many years, and has issue seven children—four boys and three girls.

* * * * *

=Hodder, Edward M.=, M.D.—The late Dr. Hodder was the son of Captain

Hodder, R.N., and was born December 30th, 1810, at Sandgate, Kent,

England. He entered the navy in 1822, as midshipman under his father,

but only took one cruise, leaving the service at the expiration of one

year, having a strong desire to study medicine, for which profession he

had a preference. Educated as a boy, first at Guernsey Grammar School,

afterwards at St. Servans, France, he began his medical studies in

London, under the late Mr. Amesbury, very celebrated as a surgeon, with

whom he spent five years. At the close of his career as a student, he

passed the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He afterwards went to

Paris, where he spent two years more in the study of his profession, and

subsequently he visited Edinburgh, and there, too, passed a considerable

time in seeing the hospital practice of the then famous teachers of that

city. He began practice in London, where he remained but two years, and

thinking his prospects would be improved by removal to St. Servans, in

France, he settled there for a time. His French home being too quiet for

his tastes, after remaining a single year, he took it into his head to

visit Canada, in 1835, returning to France again in a few months. For

the next three years he practised his profession in this French town,

when, having still a longing after Canada ever since he visited it, he

left, never to return, and henceforth resolved to make his home in

Ontario. He settled in the neighborhood of Queenston, in the Niagara

district, where he remained, doing a very extensive practice, for five

years. In 1843 he removed to Toronto, where he continued to practise up

to the time of his death. In 1834 he married Frances Tench, daughter of

Captain Tench, H.M. 87th Royal Irish Fusiliers, who survives him.

Besides his widow, he leaves a large family of sons and daughters, who

mourn the loss of one who, year by year, during a long and most active

life was ever unwearying for their comfort and happiness. In 1854 he was

elected a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and in

1865 a fellow of the Obstetrical Society of London, and was, at the time

of his death, and for some years past, one of its honorary local

secretaries. In 1845 he received the degree of C.M. from King’s College,

Toronto, and M.D. from Trinity College in 1853. In 1850 he established,

in concert with Dr. Bovell, the Upper Canada School of Medicine, which

that year became the medical department of Trinity College. For several

years, while Trinity College Medical School was in abeyance, Dr. Hodder

was a member of the faculty of the School of Medicine. But on the

revival of his old school, in 1870, he was, by the unanimous wish of his

colleagues, appointed dean of the faculty, which position he held at the

time of his death—having been re-appointed in 1877, when the act

incorporating the school passed the provincial legislature. From 1852 to

1872 he was the leading member of the acting staff of the Toronto

General Hospital, and at decease was senior consulting surgeon to both

of these institutions, as well as to several others of like character.

Although devoted to his professional work, Dr. Hodder found time in the

way of recreation to gratify his continued love for the water. He was

mainly instrumental in forming the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, of which

he was commodore for many years previous and up to his death, in 1877.

* * * * *

=Child, Marcus.=—The late Mr. Child, of Coaticook, Quebec province, was

one of the early settlers of the Eastern Townships and during his

lifetime, took an active interest in public affairs. He was born in West

Boylstone, Mass., United States, in the year 1792, and when only

nineteen years of age, came to Canada, and took up his abode with his

uncle, Captain Levi Bigelow, who was engaged in trade at the place now

known as Derby Line. He remained with this uncle until about the time of

the breaking out of the war of 1812, when he left him, and commenced

business on his own account in Stanstead Plain, and was very successful

in trade. He was early appointed postmaster and magistrate, but was

deprived of his office of postmaster on the outbreak of the Canadian

rebellion of 1837-8, on account of his political views. Previous to 1837

he was elected to represent his county in the Provincial parliament of

Quebec, and after the union of the provinces he still continued to sit

in the Legislature of Canada. In 1845 he was appointed school inspector

for the district of St. Francis. In 1855 he removed his family to

Coaticook, where he continued to reside until his death, in March, 1859,

leaving many to regret his early demise, but feeling that one who had

faithfully performed his duty in this world had gone to his reward in

the higher life. In 1819 he was married to Lydia Chadwick, of Worcester,

Mass., United States, by whom he had two children, the eldest of whom,

wife of Lewis Sleeper, died in June, 1858; and the other, the mother of

G. M. Child, in February, 1878.

* * * * *

=Methot, Joseph Edouard=, Advocate, Three Rivers, province of Quebec,

was born in the parish of Ste. Anne de la Pérade, county of Champlain,

Quebec, on the 24th May, 1855. He is the son of Joseph Telesphore

Methot, a well-known merchant, and Celine Mathe, his wife, a daughter of

Olivier Mathe. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Three

Rivers Seminary. Having completed his course in that institution, he was

admitted to the study of the law in the office of A. Turcotte, the

speaker of the Quebec Legislative Council, and was called to the bar in

July, 1875. That he will make his mark as one of the foremost men in his

profession, is looked upon as a foregone conclusion by his friends. A

notable case which brought him into special prominence was the question

which was of so much importance to commercial travellers, and which was

contested at Three Rivers, as to whether the corporation by-law taxing

commercial travellers could be enforced. Mr. Methot so ably conducted

the case against the municipal authorities that he gained it for his

clients, and at the same time got the objectionable by-law annulled. He

is a Conservative in politics, and has been the attorney for the members

of that party in almost all the election petitions for the district of

Three Rivers since 1881. He served in the 79th battalion from 1873 to

1878. He is a Roman Catholic in religion. He was married on the 12th

January, 1881, to Alide, daughter of L. T. Dorias, of St. Grégoire le

Grand, Quebec, M.P.P. for the county of Nicolet.

* * * * *

=Ross, Hon. James Gibb=, Quebec, Senator of the Dominion of Canada, is a

merchant in the ancient capital, occupying a prominent position among

the commercial men of the city, and wields an influence over several

branches of the local trade and industry. Hon. Mr. Ross is eminently a

self-made man. He was born, about sixty-eight years ago, in the small

village of Carlake, about eighteen miles from the city of Glasgow, and,

after receiving such education as the parish school could afford, came,

while still young, to Canada, where he entered as a clerk the office of

his maternal uncle, the late James Gibb, president of the Quebec Bank,

and then doing an extensive wholesale grocery business in the Lower Town

of that city. Here Mr. Ross acquired his business training and habits of

industry. On the uncle’s death, Mr. Ross continued the business, with

his brother, John Ross (deceased in September, 1887), and the

partnership was continued down to 1868, when it was dissolved. Long

before this, however, Hon. Mr. Ross had begun to turn his attention to

other investments for his large and increasing capital. The

ship-building industry at Quebec was then in its palmiest days, and in

it he became largely interested, advancing large sums of money to the

local ship-builders, and the Western timber producers. From

ship-building to ship-owning there was but a step, and a number of his

vessels, both sail and steam, soon dotted the St. Lawrence. He also

purchased large timber limits, built mills, became interested in

railways, steamboats, etc., and by this means helped to develop to a

large extent the resources of Canada and build up the local industries

of the city of his adoption. Quebec owes to him, in a large measure, the

successful construction of the Lake St. John and Quebec Central Railway,

and few local undertakings can be specified to which he has not given a

helping hand, and in which he is not concerned. At present, although a

wealthy man, he is still as punctual and hard working as the humblest

clerk in his office. He is to be found at his post early and late, and,

though he has considerably restricted his shipping interests of recent

years, his investments and speculations in other directions continue as

extensive as ever. He is president of the Quebec Bank, a large

stockholder in other institutions, financial and industrial, and

naturally wields a large amount, of local influence. A Conservative from

predilection, his life has, nevertheless, been always too busy a one to

allow of his taking an active part in politics. However, much against

his will, he yielded in 1873 to the solicitations and pressure of a

large body of his fellow-citizens, and at the general election of that

year for the Canadian House of Commons, he offered himself as a

candidate for Quebec Centre against that veteran politician, the late

Hon. Joseph Cauchon, then the vigorous editor of _Le Journal de Québec_,

and afterwards lieutenant-governor of Manitoba. The division was largely

inhabited by a French-Canadian population, party feeling ran very high

at the time, and religious and national prejudices were invoked against

Mr. Ross, with the result that, after a very severe and exciting

contest, he lost his election. At the general elections of 1878, he

again offered for the same division, against Jacques Malouin, who had

succeeded to the seat after Mr. Cauchon’s appointment to the

lieutenant-governorship of Manitoba, but was again defeated. But in

January, 1884, on the death of the Hon. David E. Price, he was called by

the government of Sir John A. Macdonald, to the great satisfaction of

the citizens of Quebec, to a seat in the Senate for Les Laurentides

division. He has always taken a deep interest in the political welfare

of Canada.

* * * * *

=Nelson, Hugh=, Victoria, Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, was

born at Larne, county of Antrim, Ireland, on the 25th May, 1830. He

settled in British Columbia in June, 1858, and engaged in mercantile

pursuits until 1866, when he became a partner in the lumbering firm of

Moody, Dietry & Nelson, at Burrard Inlet. He was vice-president and

manager of the Moodyville Saw Mill Company until 1882, when he retired

from business. In November, 1870 he was elected to represent New

Westminster in the British Columbia legislature, which seat he held

until its dissolution in 1871, when the colony entered into

confederation with the Dominion of Canada. He was then returned to

represent the same constituency in November, 1871, and again at the

general election in 1872 by acclamation, when absent from the province.

He was a member of the Yale convention, and among the first promoters of

confederation in British Columbia. He received a diploma of honor for

services rendered in connection with the International Fisheries

Exhibition, in London, England, in 1883. He was called to the Senate of

Canada on the 12th December, 1879, and remained until the 8th February,

1887, when he was appointed lieutenant-governor of British Columbia. He

was married on the 17th September, 1885, to Emily, youngest daughter of

the late J. B. Staunton, civil service of Canada.

* * * * *

=Pugsley, Hon. William=, D.C.L., St. John, Speaker of the House of

Assembly of New Brunswick, is of Loyalist stock. One of his paternal

ancestors was an Englishman, and was one of the earliest settlers on the

Croton river, New York. After the Revolutionary war, John Pugsley, the

great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, came to New Brunswick

and settled on the Hammond river, in Kings county, but afterwards

returned to New York, and subsequently removed to England. His son,

Daniel Pugsley, settled in Cardwell, Kings county, N.B. Hon. William

Pugsley is a son of William Pugsley, sen., who worked a farm with much

success near Sussex, in one of the most fertile districts of New

Brunswick. Like so many of our best men, Mr. Pugsley received his

education in the common school. Having finished his preliminary studies

at Sussex, he entered the University of New Brunswick, at Fredericton,

and here he was highly successful. In his junior year he was gold

medallist, and he also took several scholarships. About this time the

Gilchrist scholarships, founded out of the savings of a wealthy and

eccentric Scottish doctor, were thrown open to competition in the

provinces of the Dominion. Mr. Pugsley was among those who tried for the

coveted distinction, and in 1868 took second place in the list of

competitors. He took his degree of B.A. in the same year. Shortly

afterwards he began the study of the law, and was called to the bar the

27th June, 1872. He at once secured a large and lucrative practice, and

soon after his admission to the bar was appointed reporter and editor of

the decisions of the Supreme Court _in banco_. He held this position for

ten years. Mr. Pugsley has always taken a warm interest in the politics

of his native province. For some years back, in the local house, the

government has been conducted by a virtually coalition cabinet. Mr.

Pugsley is an Independent Conservative, and was elected to the House of

Assembly in July, 1885, a vacancy having been created by the death of

Dr. Vail, M.P.P. In the debates of the house, Dr. Pugsley at once came

to the front, and was considered so well versed in parliamentary

procedure, that on the 3rd March, 1887, he was elected speaker of the

house. In this position his wide knowledge of law as well as his

acquaintance with the _personnel_ of the house and his unfailing tact

and good judgment, have stood him in good stead. The office of speaker

is one which calls for great patience and circumspection, and it is also

one which is eagerly sought for by politicians of every degree of

ability and popularity. A speaker must be also possessed of great

swiftness and sureness of decision, as in the many turns of debate, and

the inevitable clashing of opinion and personal jarrings, a delicate

adjustment of the rights of members may come up for settlement. Mr.

Pugsley has continued his early love of scholastic studies and

associations, and holds the degree of D.C.L. of Fredericton University.

In religious principles he is a Methodist. He married, on the 6th

January, 1872, Fannie, daughter of the late Thomas Parks, of St. John.

Though residing at Rothesay, Kings county, he practises his profession

in St. John.

* * * * *

=Slaven, John Wallace=, Druggist, Orillia, Ontario, is a native

Canadian, having been born in the county of Prince Edward, Ontario, on

the 16th August, 1834. His father, P. Slaven, and mother, Eliza Walsh,

both come from the county of Wexford, Ireland. Mr. Slaven received his

educational training in the public and grammar schools of his native

county. He holds a medical degree from an American medical school, but

preferring business, he has never practised his profession. He first

commenced the drug business in Wellington, Prince Edward county, in

partnership with the late Dr. Archie Campbell, of that place, and in the

fall of 1862 removed to Orillia, where he has continued the business

with fair success up to the present. Mr. Slaven attended the Military

School at Kingston, and in 1866 graduated from that institution. He

afterwards became lieutenant and then captain of the 7th company Simcoe

Foresters, which position he held for some time. He has served several

years in the Municipal council of Orillia, and was deputy reeve of the

same for two and a half years. He was elected once by a large majority

and twice by acclamation. He was appointed a justice of the peace for

the county of Simcoe by the Mowat government about eight years ago. Mr.

Slaven is public-spirited, and takes an active part in every thing that

tends to advance the town he has chosen as his home. He is a

Conservative, and in 1882 was induced to enter the field of politics,

and became a candidate of his party for the Ontario legislature, in

opposition to Charles Drury, of Oro township, Simcoe, but failed to be

elected. He at present is president of the Liberal-Conservative

Association of the riding of East Simcoe. He has found some time to

travel, and has visited the Pacific coast, the West Indies and many

other parts of the North American continent. In religion Mr. Slaven

belongs to the Roman Catholic church. He was married to Maggie McDonell,

of Barrie, in June, 1867.

* * * * *

=Pope, Hon. John Henry=, Minister of Railways and Canals for the

Dominion of Canada, M.P. for Compton, Quebec province, was born in 1824,

and received his educational training in the High School at Compton,

P.Q. The earlier period of his life was directed to agricultural

pursuits. Mr. Pope was fond of military life, and took a lively interest

in the volunteer movement. He commanded the Cookshire Volunteer Cavalry

for many years, and retired in 1862, retaining his rank as major. He is

president of the International Railway Company of Maine, and also of the

Compton Colonization Society. He takes a deep interest in education, and

for many years has been a trustee of the St. Francis College, Richmond,

P.Q. He is also a director of the Eastern Township Bank. In 1854, at the

general election of that year, Mr. Pope offered himself as a candidate

for the Legislative Assembly of Canada, for Compton, and was defeated;

but in 1857 he succeeded in carrying his election, and sat in this

legislature until the union of the provinces under confederation. He was

then elected a member of the House of Commons by acclamation, and has

been returned ever since by his old friends each time he has appealed

for their suffrages. On the 25th October, 1871, Hon. Mr. Pope was sworn

in a member of the Privy Council, and made minister of agriculture, and

this office he held until the defeat of the Macdonald ministry, on the

Pacific scandal question, in November, 1873, when he retired with his

leader. On the return of his party to power, on the defeat of the

Mackenzie administration, he was, on the 17th October, 1878, reinstated

into his old office of minister of agriculture. On the 25th September,

1885, he was made minister of railways and canals, and this office he

still retains. During the summer of 1880, Hon. Mr. Pope in company with

Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Charles Tupper, visited England, and took

an active part in the negotiations which led to the Pacific railway

contract, subsequently ratified by parliament. He is a

Liberal-Conservative in politics. The Hon. Mr. Pope is not given to

debate, but whatever he has to say, in or out of parliament, he says

with a terse vigor and conciseness of language that make a mockery of

ornate phrases. He has the disposition to work, an intelligent

appreciation of the wants of the country, and a well-studied

parliamentary experience of nearly half an average lifetime.

* * * * *

=Shorey, Hollis=, Wholesale Clothier, Montreal, was born in Barnston,

Eastern townships, Quebec province, on the 2nd December, 1823. His

father, Samuel E. Shorey, who was of English descent, was a native of

the United States, but came to Canada when a lad of eight years of age.

On reaching manhood, he married Fanny Jones, of Three Rivers, Quebec

province, who was of Welsh descent, and to this couple was born the

subject of our sketch. Hollis Shorey was sent to the academy at Hatley,

Eastern Townships, where he took a commercial course of education. On

leaving school, having reached the age of sixteen years, he entered

himself as an apprentice to a local tailor, and having faithfully served

the allotted term, he began business on his own account, at Barnston,

his capital amounting to a very small sum. Just as he had reached his

nineteenth year, his father died, and the responsibility of assisting to

bring up a family of eight children was thrust upon him. Mr. Shorey’s

first essay at his trade was the making of men’s, boys’ and youths’

clothing for customers who found their own cloth. He then took in a

partner, and for four years they worked together amicably, keeping a

general store as well as a tailoring establishment, but at the end of

this period he made certain discoveries not at all to the credit of his

partner, and a dissolution of the partnership ensued. This threw Mr.

Shorey again back to his starting-point, but he was not discouraged. A

short time after this event he entered into partnership with F. & J. H.

Judd, which continued for four years, when he left the place and came to

the city of Montreal. This was in 1861. Here he found employment, and

for six years travelled for the firms of Macfarlane & Baird and Wm.

Stephens & Co. (the now Sir George Stephens being then a member of the

latter firm), soliciting orders for ready-made clothing, dry goods, etc.

His field of operation was chiefly in the Eastern Townships, and he made

many friends during his journeys. Getting thoroughly tired of travel, he

resolved to begin business again on his own account, and then was laid,

December 1866, the foundation of one of the largest wholesale clothing

establishments in the Dominion. After two years he took in as a partner

his son-in-law, E. A. Small, to assist him. This partnership lasted for

about eighteen years when it was dissolved, and Mr. Shorey then

associated with him as partners his two sons, S. O. Shorey and C. L.

Shorey, who before this time had been very successful travellers for the

old firm. They now employ as outside hands, tailors, etc., 1450 persons,

and 150 more in the establishment. The firm, we are told, deals very

liberally with their employees, and the most kindly feelings exist

between them and their employers. For about fifteen years Mr. Shorey has

been a member of the Board of Trade of the city of Montreal, and takes a

deep interest in all its proceedings. During the small pox epidemic, in

1885, he was chairman of the citizen committee, which did so much to

alleviate the sufferings of those afflicted by the pest, and remove the

causes that produced it. Mr. Shorey has travelled a good deal, and found

time to visit the continent of Europe, as well as the United States. In

religion he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. He has been twice

married. First, in 1844, he espoused Fanny Wheeler of Barnston, province

of Quebec, who, dying in 1850, left two children, a boy and girl, and

since then he has been united to Clara Gilson, of Vermont, who has also

borne him a boy and a girl. His four children are all married, and he

has now fourteen grand-children.

* * * * *

=Tomkins, Rev. John.=—The late Rev. Mr. Tomkins, during his lifetime a

minister of the Methodist church, was born Nov. 12th, 1797, in the

county of Stafford, England. His father, James Tomkins, and also his

grandfather and great grandfather were natives of the city of Hereford,

and as his parents returned thither shortly after his birth, he was

accustomed to speak of that ancient cathedral town, as his native city.

His parents were devout members of the Established church, and in that

church his early religious training was received. He was naturally

serious and thoughtful, and while still a lad was led through the

preaching of a devout Anglican clergyman, the Rev. C. Glasscott, to turn

his attention earnestly to religious concerns. It was, however, through

the preaching of a Wesleyan Methodist minister, the Rev. Wm. Adams, that

he found that rest of spirit which he had sought in vain for several

years, in attendance upon the ordinances of his own communion. He

immediately united with the Wesleyan society, and soon began to exercise

his talents as a local preacher. Feeling called to devote himself wholly

to the work of the ministry, he abandoned his worldly pursuits, and

after due training, sought and obtained ordination in the old

Spitalfields Chapel, London, at the hands of that distinguished divine,

the Rev. Richard Watson, on the 18th of April, 1827. A few days after he

left his native shores forever, to engage in missionary labor, first in

Newfoundland and after in Canada. After a tedious voyage of nine weeks,

he reached St. John’s on the 22nd of June, 1827. His first appointment

was to Hants Harbor, a small fishing station, with less than three

hundred inhabitants. Here he labored one year, and was then removed to

Bona Vista, and the year following to Trinity, where he spent two years.

Two more years were spent at St. John’s and Harbor Grace. During these

six years of arduous toil among the scattered fishermen of Newfoundland,

he endured many hardships, and on one occasion came near perishing of

cold and hunger, having lost his way in a snow storm, while travelling

on foot with another missionary, the Rev. Mr. Knight, from one station

to another. In June, 1833, he was removed to the city of Quebec, where

he remained two years. At the expiration of this time he received his

first appointment to the Eastern Townships, where he spent forty-three

years of his active ministry and thirteen years in a superannuated

relation. His first circuit was the St. Armand, extending from the

Richelieu river to Sutton, a distance of about fifty miles. The Rev.

John Borland was associated with Mr. Tomkins on this field of labor,

which has since been divided into about seven circuits. In the year 1836

the Wesleyan Methodist church had in Lower Canada, including the cities

of Montreal, Quebec and Kingston, fourteen circuits, and a membership of

about as many hundred. At the time when Mr. Tomkins closed his ministry,

there were within the same territory eighty-one circuits, or stations,

and the number of members had increased fivefold. From St. Armand Mr.

Tomkins was removed to Odelltown, where he spent two years. His

subsequent appointments were as follows:—In 1838, he went to Shefford,

where he spent three years, in 1841 to Compton, where he remained three

years. In 1844 he returned to Odelltown, and spent three years. In 1847

to Dunham, three years, and in 1851, he was moved to Stanstead where he

spent four years. In 1854 he was chosen chairman of the Stanstead

district, which office he held during the following six years. In 1855

he removed to Clarenceville, and thence, in 1858, to Dunham, for a

second term of service. In 1861 he was re-appointed to Shefford, and

during the two years of his pastorate there he held the office of

Financial Secretary of the district. In the year 1863 he was again

appointed to Stanstead, and re-elected to the chairmanship, which he

held, with an interruption of a little more than a year, till the time

of superannuation. In 1866 Mr. Tomkins removed to Hatley, where he spent

three years, and in the summer of 1869 he retired from active work and

took up his residence at Stanstead, where he remained till the close of

his long and useful life, and where he continued to assist by every

means in his power in advancing the interests of his Master’s cause. As

a man, Mr. Tomkins was of a mild and equal temperament, of a most

affectionate disposition, and of a character marked by singular

transparency and simplicity. His judgment was reliable in matters

connected with the interests of the church, his conclusions being

generally justified by the event. As a preacher, he was clear in

exposition, sound in doctrine and happy in expression, often rising into

true eloquence as he kindled with his theme. All his ministrations were

marked by deep and serious feeling, and he impressed his hearers by

being so evidently impressed himself. As a pastor he was at once tender

and faithful, and his name and memory are still loved and honored

wherever he exercised his ministry. He departed this life September

21st, 1881, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, having been a

Methodist preacher for fifty-three years. In February, 1836, he was

married to Maria Whitcher, daughter of Dr. Isaac Whitcher, of Stanstead,

Quebec province. His son, Edwin F. Tomkins, is at the head of the

Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, Coaticook, P.Q., and was the first to

introduce into Canada the manufacture of mohair braid, etc.

* * * * *

=Unsworth, Joseph Lennon=, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, acting

superintendent of the Prince Edward Island railway, was born in

Liverpool, Great Britain, May 12th, 1840. His father was James Stanley

Unsworth, and his mother Mary Hatton, who was a sister of the celebrated

music composer, John L. Hatton, of London, England. Mr. Unsworth,

senior, was born in Goshen, in the eastern part of the county of

Lancashire, of an old-time family. An ancient tradition published in

“The Pictorial History of the County of Lancaster,” gives the following

legend of the Unsworth family: “One of the most interesting places in

this part of the country, at Goshen, about a mile and a half on the

south side of Bury, is an old farm-house, the residence in former times

of a family of some note, and still occupied by a lineal descendant. The

family of Unsworth has possessed this property, according to tradition,

ever since the time of the conquest, and there are certainly relics to

prove its antiquity. Amongst other curiosities, the house contains a

carved oak table, which is a source of some interest as being connected

with an old legend. The story is that in olden times there lived near

here a fierce and terrible dragon, which resolutely defied the prowess

of sundry brave heroes, who would fain have immortalized their names by

freeing the country from such a scourge. One, Thomas Unsworth, a warrior

of the beforementioned family, more courageous, or more fortunate, than

the rest, at last succeeded in the attempt, which he accomplished in a

manner that certainly did much credit to his ingenuity. Finding that

bullets were of no avail, he inserted his dagger in a petronel, and,

rousing the anger of the dragon, shot it under the throat at the moment

of raising its head. The table was made after this event, and, it is

said, carved with the dagger by which the monster was shot. Round the

table are St. George and the dragon, the lion and unicorn, the Derby

crest, and the veritable dragon which the aforesaid Thomas Unsworth

killed. There is also hung over the table in the old parlour, a painting

of the Unsworth arms, which were given them in former times for deeds of

honor, surmounted by another carving of the dragon. The crest is a man

in black armour, holding a hatchet in his hand, and it is said to be the

portrait of the renowned family ancestor, in the armour which he wore

during the battle, and in which he was encased at the time he performed

the celebrated feat which won him so much fame. Whatever credence may be

given to this story (and the present family firmly believe in its

truth), it is certain that a portion of land was once granted to one of

their ancestors for having freed the country from some dire monster, of

whatever kind it might be, and of course the property granted was that

said to be the favorite resort of the dragon; nor is it improbable that

the large and adjoining township of Unsworth, has originally derived its

name from some one of this family. They also possess several very old

books, treasured with due ancestral pride, and other relics more or less

interesting.” Mr. Unsworth, the subject of our sketch, received his

education in Montreal, and at St. Hyacinthe, in the province of Quebec.

Shortly after leaving school, in 1855, he entered the service of the

Grand Trunk railway company, at Longueuil, as an apprentice, under W. S.

McKenzie, and was employed by that company until March, 1872. From May,

of the same year, to November, 1874, he was engaged on construction of

the Inter-colonial railway between Rivière du Loup and Causapscal; from

November, 1874, to November, 1881, he was master mechanic on the same

railway at Rivière du Loup, and from November, 1881, to May, 1887, he

was mechanical superintendent of the Government railways in Prince

Edward Island, and from May, 1887, to the present time (Feb., 1888), in

addition to the latter duties, he has been the acting general

superintendent of the above government railways. For six years he was

lieutenant in the Grand Trunk railway volunteer regiment. He is a member

of the Canadian society of civil engineers. Mr. Unsworth, during his

busy life, has found time to devote to travelling, having crossed the

Atlantic and visited his fatherland. He has also travelled the greater

part of Eastern Canada and the United States. In religion he is an

adherant of the Episcopal church. He was married June 27th, 1866, to

Mary Jane Lomas, daughter of Adam Lomas, woollen manufacturer, of

Sherbrooke, P.Q., and sister of Alexander Galt Lomas, mayor of

Sherbrooke.

* * * * *

=Shearer, James Traill=, Contractor, Montreal, is a specimen of what

well-directed energy and perseverance can accomplish. Born at Rosegill,

parish of Dunnet, not many miles from far-famed John O’Groat’s,

Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 31st of July, 1822, he received his

education in the parish school of Dunnet, and at Castletown, in the same

county. Leaving school before he had scarcely entered his teens, he was

obliged like many a lad in the far north of Scotland, to begin work

early, and was accordingly apprenticed to a carpenter and millwright in

the village of Castletown, and with him he faithfully served the alloted

term. To perfect himself in his trade, he removed to Wick, and worked

for about a year under D. Miller, a builder, who was erecting a church

in Putneytown. When he reached his twenty-first year he resolved to try

his fortune in Canada, and taking passage in a sailing vessel, on 30th

May, 1848, reached Montreal, where he has since resided. Shortly after

his arrival he entered the employ of Edward Maxwell, an extensive

carpenter and builder, as a general house-joiner and stair-builder,

branches of the business at which he was very proficient. After

terminating a three years’ engagement with Mr. Maxwell, he went to

Quebec city to take charge of the joiner and carpenter work on a new

bomb-proof hospital then being built by the British government on Cape

Diamond. Finishing the job to the entire satisfaction of the British

officers in charge, he returned to Montreal, and began the study of

steamboat architecture, especially cabin work, and soon became an adept

at the business. Work flowed in upon him, and he found many customers,

among others the late John Molson and David Torrance, for whom he fitted

up many steamboats for the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, and he still

carries on very extensively this branch of business, along with the

manufacture of other kinds of wood-work for house building purposes. Mr.

Shearer is the inventor of what is known as the hollow roof, for houses

and large public buildings, which is considered the best suited to the

climate of Montreal. This roof is of a concave design, and carries the

water down the inside of the building, instead of the outside, thereby

avoiding the freezing up of pipes. It was used on the Windsor hotel,

Montreal, and has since been adopted generally throughout America. He

has also been the chief promoter of what is known as the “Shearer

scheme,” the object of which is to improve the harbor of Montreal and

prevent the flooding of the city, but owing to the strong opposition

urged against it by the Grand Trunk authorities, he has had to abandon

it for the present. However, it will have to be considered at no distant

day. If once adopted it will greatly improve the harbor of Montreal, and

prove a source of wealth to the inhabitants. The plans are now in the

possession of the Dominion government, and although he has twice applied

for an act of incorporation for the “St. Lawrence Bridge and

Manufacturing Company,” who are prepared to carry it to completion, he

has not yet succeeded in getting this company incorporated. Mr. Shearer

a few years ago designed and built for himself a house on Mount Royal,

and it is perhaps the best finished house in that city of fine

dwellings, all the internal work being of purely Canadian wood. The view

from it is most charming, and cannot be surpassed in the Dominion. A

visitor can take in at a glance the Chambly hills, Belle Isle, Mount

Johnston, the river St. Lawrence for many miles, the Victoria bridge,

the Lachine rapids, and the full extent of the beautiful city of

Montreal. In politics Mr. Shearer is a Liberal; and in religion one of

those who does his own thinking, and has no objection to others doing

the same. He was married in Montreal, on the 23rd of June, 1848, to

Eliza Graham, and the fruit of the union has been eight children. The

two eldest sons are now engaged with their father in business.

* * * * *

=Armour, Hon. John Douglas=, Cobourg, Judge of the Court of Queen’s

Bench, was born in the township of Otonabee, Peterborough county,

Ontario, on the 4th May, 1830. He is the youngest son of the late Rev.

Samuel Armour, who was for many years rector of Cavan, county of Durham,

and was during his lifetime widely and favorably known through that part

of Upper Canada. In his boyhood Judge Armour attended the schools in the

neighborhood of his home, and on the 27th January, 1843, entered as a

student Upper Canada College, Toronto. In 1847 he matriculated at King’s

College (now Toronto University), and his career at college was very

creditable. He gained the first university-scholarship in classics, and

subsequently the Wellington scholarship. He graduated in 1850, carrying

off the gold medal in classics. This same year he entered the office of

his brother, Robert Armour, and began the study of law, and completed it

in the office of the late Hon. P. M. M. VanKoughnet, who afterwards

became Chancellor of Upper Canada. He was called to the bar in

Michaelmas term, 1853, and removing to Cobourg, began to practise his

profession there, forming a partnership with Sidney Smith, who some

years afterward became postmaster-general of Canada. This partnership

lasted until the 7th November, 1857, when Mr. Armour began to practise

alone. He subsequently formed a partnership with H. F. Holland, which

lasted between three and four years, when Mr. Armour was raised to the

bench, and a dissolution consequently followed. During these years,

various public offices were held by Mr. Armour from time to time. On the

28th March, 1858, he was appointed county attorney of the united

counties of Northumberland and Durham, and during the following year he

held the position of warden of those counties. On the 2nd May, 1861, he

was appointed clerk of the peace for the same counties. On the 8th

January, 1859, he was elected a member of the Senate of the University

of Toronto. On the 26th June, 1867, he was created a Queen’s counsel. In

1871 he was elected a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada, and on

the 30th of November, 1877, was appointed puisné judge of the Court of

Queen’s Bench, a position he has ever since filled with honor and

dignity. Hon. Judge Armour is a man of wide reading, multifarious

knowledge, and great shrewdness and common sense. By heredity and

tradition he is a Conservative both in religion and politics, but,

nevertheless, he is a Liberal in thought and education, and a firm

believer in the great future the land of his birth has before her. On

the 28th of April, 1855, he married Eliza Church, daughter of the late

Freeman S. Church, of Cobourg, by whom he has had eleven children, ten

of whom are now living.

* * * * *

=Molony, Thomas J.=, LL.B., Advocate, Quebec, is a prominent member of

the Quebec bar, and one of the representative Irishmen of the ancient

capital, honored with the confidence of his own element and esteemed by

all classes of the community for his abilities as a lawyer, and his

sterling integrity as a professional man and a citizen. He was born at

Kingston, Ontario, on the 4th July, 1846, and is the youngest son of the

late John Molony, and his wife, Catherine O’Connor, of that city. Thus

on both sides, he sprang from good old Irish stocks. His father’s family

were natives of the County Clare, Ireland. McGeoghegan, the Irish

historian, ranks the Molonys among the oldest settlers of the Green

Isle, and the county of Clare is the part of it around which the

traditions of the family or sept have principally clustered from time

immemorial. The old family, too, seem to have retained their territorial

influence and social importance in the home of their ancestors down to a

comparatively recent date. Up to the celebrated Daniel O’Connell’s time,

they appear to have practically controlled the representation of Clare

in Parliament, and readers of Irish history will readily recall the name

of Sheriff Molony, in connection with the memorable election for that

county which resulted in the signal defeat of Vesey Fitzgerald and the

English government, and opened the door of the British Parliament to the

great Irish Liberator, and to Catholic Emancipation. Burke, in his

genealogy of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, says, pp.

1022-3; speaking of their lineage:—

The Milesian family of Molony is one of great antiquity in the

sister island. O’Halloran (Hist. of Ireland, Vol. III, p. 498),

says: From Cormac Cas (who was of the line of Heber, eldest son

of Milesius) are descended 1st, O’Brien, chief of Thomond

. . . . Besides these hereditary officers the following noble

families are derived from this great source: O’Dea, . . .

O’Mollowney and others, and in his “List of Ancient Irish

Territories, and by what Milesian families possessed before and

after the invasion of Henry II,” Ceiltannan, (otherwise

Kiltanon) is mentioned among the rest as the estate of O’Molony.

The Molonys were formerly princes of Clare, where they possessed

a large tract of country called the O’Molony’s Lands, as may be

seen from the old maps of that county. In Catholic times, three

members of the family attained the mitre, as appears from the

epitaph on the tomb of John O’Molony, Bishop of Limerick in 1687

(second son of John O’Molony, of Kiltanon), who after the siege

of that city, followed King James II. to Paris, where he

assisted in the foundation of a university for the education of

Irish priests, in the chapel belonging to which he was buried in

1702. The bishop’s nephew, James Molony, of Kiltanon, the first

of the family who laid aside the prefix “O,” served first in

King James’ army, but subsequently sided with William.

Mr. Molony’s maternal ancestors, the O’Connors, bear a name even still

more famous in Irish annals, and though his mother was born in London,

the metropolis of England, she was as noted as her husband, our

subject’s father, for love of Ireland, and knowledge of and preference

for the old Irish tongue, alas! now so rapidly dying out. Our subject

was chiefly educated at his birth-place, Kingston. At a suitable age, he

began the study of the classics there under the late John O’Donnell, a

graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and one of the most accomplished

classical scholars that Canada has ever had, as well as one of the most

successful teachers of his day. Among the pupils who issued from his

school to grace the learned professions may be mentioned Sir John A.

Macdonald, the present premier of the Dominion, the late Hon. John

Sandfield Macdonald, premier of Ontario, and several others of their

most distinguished contemporaries. In 1860 Mr. Molony entered Regiopolis

College, Kingston, which was then under the rectorship of the Rev. John

O’Brien, afterwards the most Reverend Dr. O’Brien, Roman Catholic Bishop

of Kingston, and it is touchingly noteworthy that eighteen years

afterwards, when that prelate was suddenly stricken down by the hand of

death at Quebec, while on his way back from Europe, Mr. Molony was the

one acquaintance in the ancient capital upon whom devolved the sad duty

of making the necessary arrangements there for the funeral of his old

college rector, and the transportation of his remains on to Kingston.

After a full course of philosophy and mathematics, our subject completed

his studies at Regiopolis, and having decided on the law as his future

profession, in December, 1865, he entered into articles of clerkship at

Kingston, with the late Daniel Macarow, barrister, at one time a partner

of the well-known James O’Reilly, Q.C., and afterwards county judge. In

June following, he left Kingston to study for the legal profession in

Lower Canada, and entered for the purpose at the office of M. A. Hearn,

Q.C., ex-_bâtonnier-general_ of the Quebec bar, and senior member of the

legal firm of Hearn, Jordan & Roche, of Quebec city. At the same time he

followed the courses of Laval University, from which he took his degree

of Bachelor of Laws on the 4th July, 1879. On the 19th of the same

month, he was admitted as a practitioner at the Quebec bar, and on the

12th of September following he married Isabella, daughter of the late

John Jordan and Catherine James, of Quebec, by whom he has had issue

four children, three of them surviving and all in their teens. For some

years after his admission to the bar, Mr. Molony held a provincial

government appointment as English Translator to the Queen’s printer’s

department, from which he rapidly won success and distinction by his

talents, punctuality and devotion to the interests of his clients. At

present, his standing at the Quebec bar is among the highest, and few

practitioners enjoy a larger share of the respect of the bench and the

public. He has been a commissioner for the province of Ontario, at

Quebec, since 1874, and for the province of Manitoba, since 1883.

Journalism has also successfully occupied our subject’s attention, and

his contributions to the local press have been much remarked for their

masterly and vigorous dealing with the subjects handled. Having always

taken an active interest in municipal matters, he was twice elected by

acclamation a member of the Quebec City Council for Montcalm Ward in

1884 and 1886, and rendered himself conspicuously useful to his fellow

citizens by his able support of Mayor Langelier’s policy of reform of

the civic administration, including the improvement of the city

water-works checks. During his connection with the council, he also

served on several of its most important committees, was a member of the

civic deputation sent some three years ago to Ottawa to press Quebec’s

claims to the C.P.R. short line to the seaboard on the favorable

consideration of the Federal Government, and, though the youngest member

of the council, has been called upon in the absence of the mayor to

preside at important meetings, on account of his intimate acquaintance

with the rules of debate, and recognized ability in the solution of

points of order or knotty questions of procedure. As secretary of the

relief committee for the benefit of the sufferers, he further did good

service to Quebec and the cause of humanity, after the disastrous

conflagration which swept St. John and Montcalm wards almost out of

existence in the summer of 1881. On the temperance question, Mr. Molony

holds advanced views, and every movement on the subject in Quebec for

the last fourteen or more years, has had his earnest advocacy and

support. He was long the president of the St. Patrick’s Total Abstinence

Society, and at the monster meeting held a few years since in the

skating rink, in the interests of the temperance cause, under the joint

presidency of Archbishop, now Cardinal, Taschereau, the Anglican Lord

Bishop of Quebec, and the local clergy of all denominations, he appeared

on the platform with other leading citizens, as the special

representative of the Irish Catholic body. As might be expected from the

stock from which he has sprung, Mr. Molony has taken a most active and

patriotic interest in Irish national matters since his boyhood. For the

last twenty years he has acted a leading part in all the Irish national

societies and movements at the ancient capital. From 1871 to 1875 he was

treasurer of the St. Patrick’s Society, and in 1876 he was chairman of

the meeting at which the first branch of the Home Rule League in Quebec

was organized. Some years later, he was one of the organizers of the

Irish Land League in Quebec, and in 1878 he was elected

1st-Vice-President of the Catholic League, formed at Montreal. Mr.

Molony was called upon at the last moment to preside at the monster

meeting held on Durham terrace, Quebec, when the French and Irish

Catholic population assembled to protest against the Orange processions

in Montreal, during Mr. Beaudry’s mayoralty. On this last occasion his

remarks and conduct met with general approval, Protestants and Catholics

alike joining in praising his tact and moderation under the most trying

circumstances, and Hon. H. G. Joly, then Prime Minister of the province,

warmly congratulated him on the skill which he had shown in controlling

an excited gathering, while upholding the views which it had come

together to assert on one of the most burning questions of the hour. Mr.

Joly told him personally that he had heard from members of the Local

Legislature, who were present, the highest encomiums of his action,

adding that in his opinion it was an awful responsibility to assume the

management of a crowd of people excited to the highest pitch. Indeed the

crowd on the occasion wanted to proceed straight off to wait on Mr.

Joly, but to give time to their excitement to cool down, Mr. Molony, as

chairman, wisely insisted on their only sending a delegation to

represent their views to the premier, and finally carried his point,

when they peaceably dispersed. A fervent Roman Catholic, and a member of

the St. Patrick’s congregation of Quebec, he was elected a trustee of

their beautiful and historic church in 1876, and thrice afterwards,

making twelve years of office in succession, but, at the last triennial

elections, he refused to serve any longer, deeming it unfair to other

prominent members of the congregation that one set of hands should

continually monopolize the honors. During his trusteeship of St.

Patrick’s, it was his good fortune also to be chosen to present the

address of the Irish Catholics of Quebec, to their distinguished

countryman, His Excellency the Papal Ablegate, the late lamented Bishop

Conroy. Although a Liberal in his political principles, Mr. Molony never

took part in politics, except to record his vote for parliamentary

candidates on personal grounds, until 1883, when he interfered actively

for the first time. Since then he has rendered good service to the

Liberal cause in the district of Quebec, the Irish Catholic vote there,

which had previously gone almost always Conservative, being won over to

it largely by his vigorous advocacy on the hustings and in the press, as

well as by his personal influence, and this result being made evident by

the Liberal triumphs of the last few years in Quebec west, Levis,

Megantic, Dorchester, Montmorency and Portneuf counties. Mr. Molony is a

passed cadet of the Kingston Military School, and holds a commission as

ensign in the Quebec Reserve Militia. His travels have been confined so

far to Canada and the United States. Though educated at an English

college, he has since acquired a thorough knowledge of, and is a ready

and fluent writer and speaker of, the French language. Firmly attached

to his own religious tenets, he has always evinced the highest respect

for the convictions and rights of his fellow citizens of every other

creed. A young man still, he has already attained an enviable position

in the section of the Dominion which he has made his home, and the

future probably holds in store for him a career of still greater

distinction and public and private usefulness.

* * * * *

=Haythorne, Hon. Robert Poore=, Senator, Marshfield, Charlottetown,

Prince Edward Island, was born at Clifton, Bristol, England, in the year

1815. He is a son of John Haythorne, a wool merchant of Bristol, and who

was an alderman, and four times mayor of that ancient city. He was

likewise a justice of the peace for Gloucestershire, in which county his

residence, “Hill House” was situated. R. P. Haythorne’s grandfather,

Joseph, was likewise a Bristolian, and was a banker and glass

manufacturer. John Haythorne married Mary Curtis, of “Mardyke House,”

Hotwells, Bristol, who became the mother of our distinguished Canadian

senator. R. P. Haythorne was educated at private schools in his native

place. His early life was spent at his father’s residence, but later on

he devoted several years to travelling, visiting the Island of Madeira,

the South of Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, and Italy. In 1842 he

emigrated to Prince Edward Island, having, in connection with an elder

brother, (subsequently the Hon. Edward C. Haythorne, a nominated member

of the Legislative Council), acquired a tract of 10,000 acres of land in

that colony. This land was partly wilderness, partly let to tenants for

999 years, and partly occupied by squatters. For many years the brothers

devoted themselves to agricultural pursuits, and to the settlement of

their estate; but the brother referred to dying in 1859, R. P. Haythorne

revisited England in 1860. Returning in the following year, he married

Elizabeth R., eldest daughter of Thomas Scott, of Belfast, Ireland, then

of Falconwood, Prince Edward Island. Two sons were born of this

marriage, one in 1862, and another in the following year, both of whom

survive. Mr. Haythorne became a widower in 1866, his wife dying at

Liverpool, England. About this period the free land and tenant league

agitation prevailed in Prince Edward Island. Mr. Haythorne and his

tenants, however, settled their differences by mutual agreement, which

was faithfully carried out, the tenants becoming freeholders, by paying

a sum about equivalent to $2 per acre by instalments. In 1867 Mr.

Haythorne, being invited by his former tenants, became a candidate for

the second electoral district of Queen’s county (Legislative Council),

and was returned to that chamber by a respectable majority. Not many

weeks later, the local Conservative Government led by the Hon. J. C.

Pope resigned, and was succeeded by a Liberal Government led by the Hon.

G. Coles, the present Judge Hensley being Attorney-General, Messrs.

Haythorne, Alexander Laird, Peter Sinclair, Callbeck Howlan, and A. A.

Macdonald, the present Lieut.-Governor of Prince Edward Island were

members of the Executive Council. The policy of this government was the

further abrogation of the leasehold tenure, by purchase on voluntary

agreement if practicable, otherwise by decision of a court to be

established for the purpose of deciding the sum to be paid for

expropriation. Mr. Coles’ health failing, he resigned, and was succeeded

by Mr. Hensley, the policy of the Government remaining unchanged as

regards the land tenures. Much attention was also paid to the

improvement of the highways, and the extension of steam navigation to

the outports of the colony. About the year 1868, Mr. Hensley accepted a

seat on the bench, and Mr. Haythorne succeeded him as Premier and

President of the Executive Council. The land policy of the Government

was much obstructed by the Colonial Office, the Secretary of State, the

Duke of Buckingham and Chandos refusing to listen to the demands of the

Executive for a compulsory expropriation law, which he condemned as “a

direct interference with private property.” For the present, therefore,

the efforts of Mr. Haythorne and his colleagues were limited to the

purchase of such estates as could be acquired by voluntary agreement,

and during the Liberals’ tenure of office some progress was made; the

estates of the Hon. J. C. Pope, the Hon. T. H. Haviland, and some others

being purchased by Government, and that of the Rev. James Montgomery by

private agreement between the proprietor and the tenants. In the

following year Lord Granville having become Secretary of State for the

Colonies, Mr. Haythorne’s council again approached the Colonial Office

with renewed demands for a measure of expropriation. Meantime the land

owners, native and absentee—some of the latter being persons of much

influence—opposed the efforts of the Government. What has now come to

be recognized as the “unearned increment of value,” the Island

Government claimed as the heritage of the men and women who had landed

boldly in the wilderness, cleared away the forests, built houses,

cities, school-houses, and churches, made roads and wharves, and caused

“the wilderness to blossom as the rose.” Lord Granville proved less

obdurate than his predecessors. He would not sanction an expropriation

bill, but seeing the urgency of another great question in the near

future, he softened his refusal in words something like these: “Having

regard to the evident uncertainty, whether the colony of Prince Edward

Island will or will not soon unite with the Dominion of Canada, I am not

prepared to enter on the consideration of the land question, with which

if such union were to ensue the Imperial Government would probably cease

to concern itself; the land question therefore, should in my opinion be

left as far as possible for the decision of those who under the altered

circumstances of the colony would have to carry into execution any

measures connected with it.”—Granville, 13th March, 1869. This despatch

was generally interpreted in Prince Edward Island to mean that the land

question would be settled in exchange for Confederation. Thus for the

present the land question rested, to be again resuscitated on the

occasion of the introduction of “a Tenants’ Compensation Bill for

Ireland,” a measure nearly identical with one introduced years before,

during a former administration of Hon. Mr. Coles, and passed through the

Island Legislature, but vetoed at the Colonial Office. During these

years the fishery question had caused some trouble. The American fishing

vessels had been admitted to the British-American waters on payment of

tonnage license dues, but in 1868 Canada declined to continue the

system, resolving to exclude the Americans, who had recently terminated

the reciprocity treaty. Meantime, in the island, the Americans were

admitted to their usual privileges, as regards frequenting the harbours,

transhipping cargoes, and obtaining supplies. But the attention of the

Imperial Government being called thereto, the Admiral on the Halifax

station (Wellesley), and the officers commanding the smaller vessels of

his squadron, were ordered to put a stop to the “alleged illegal

practices.” These orders gave rise to long correspondence between the

officers of Her Majesty’s ships, notably Captain E. Hardinge, of the

frigate _Valorous_, and the Island Executive. The former interfered with

the island and colonial coasters on very trifling grounds, and prevented

the American fishing vessels from transhipping their cargoes and

renewing their outfits on the island ports, causing much discontent

amongst shipowners and the numerous class of traders interested. (_Vide_

L. C. Journals, 1871.) In consequence, a minute of council for the

information of the Secretary of State was drawn up, September 2nd, 1870,

protesting against such interference with “our best customers the

Americans, who transhipped cargoes in our ports—renewing their supplies

of salt, barrels, provisions, and general outfit in our markets.” This

memorial was “drawn up,” the Secretary of State, Lord Kimberley,

observes, “with much ability and moderation,” and his Lordship

authorized the Lieut.-Governor Robinson (now Sir William Robinson, South

Australia), “to suspend the restrictions the local Government felt

called upon to impose.” This was the last public act of Mr. Haythorne’s

first administration. Shortly afterwards finding his supporters in the

House of Assembly in a minority, caused by the secession of the two

Catholic members of his government, he resigned, and was succeeded by a

coalition Government led by the Hon. J. C. Pope, the two Catholic

members of the late Government accepting seats in the Executive. During

the late Liberal Administrations the island had been visited by Prince

Arthur, by Lord and Lady Lisgar, and a Canadian deputation, including

Sir L. Tilley, Sir Geo. E. Cartier, and Sir E. Kenny; the object of this

“descent” being to attract the Islanders into Confederation by an offer

of “better terms.” These, however, were declined, 90 out of 100

Islanders at that juncture being opposed to Confederation. An informal

Congressional deputation, of which the well-known General B. Butler was

a member, also visited the island, their object being to ascertain

whether any approach to reciprocity could be made. This visit, though it

was without results, indicated a kindly disposition on both sides. It

obtained for the Executive of the Island a snub from the Secretary of

State, the Lieutenant-Governor (Dundas), having taken short leave to

visit Halifax at this period. During the later months of 1870, through

1871, and till April, 1873, Mr. Haythorne was in Opposition. This was

the period of the development and adoption of the railroad policy, which

by the financial embarrassment it caused, ultimately drew the island

into Confederation. Mr. Pope’s Government being supported by

considerable majorities, carried his railway bill for the construction

of a trunk line connecting Charlottetown with Summerside and Alberton on

the west, and with Georgetown on the east, and providing for future

extensions to Souris and Tignish. Soon, however, after the rising of the

legislature, Mr. Pope’s majority began to fade away, and in 1872, being

defeated in the Assembly, and again on an appeal to the people, he

resigned, and Mr. Haythorne being again called on to form an

Administration, succeeded, and carried the law relating to the railway

extensions into effect. In the latter part of the year 1872, and the

commencement of 1873, the financial and other difficulties which his

Government encountered were almost overpowering. The trunk line was

under rapid construction, and interest on debentures began to accrue

half yearly at a rapidly increasing rate. Large drafts on the local

treasury were also required in payment of rights of way, and land

damages, which added to the ordinary expenditure seemed beyond the power

of the island to meet by increased taxation. The Government therefore,

re-opened communication with the Dominion Government, then led by Sir

John Macdonald, with a view to ascertain the terms on which the island

would be admitted to Confederation. Being invited to send a deputation

to Ottawa, Mr. Haythorne and his colleague in the Executive, the Hon.

David Laird, were chosen to perform this duty. They arrived in the

capital a few days before the meeting of Parliament, in February, 1873,

Lord Dufferin being Governor-General. The delegates were put in

communication chiefly with Sir L. Tilley, and negotiated terms which

seemed highly advantageous to the island. These comprised six seats in

the Commons, the taking over and operating of the Island railway by the

Dominion, the assumption of the island debt, the providing of a sum of

$800,000 for the acquisition of proprietary lands, and the vesting of

the same in local legislature. Continuous steam communication summer and

winter with the mainland was also guaranteed. Before signing these

preliminaries which the delegates undertook to introduce to their

respective branches of the legislature, the House of Assembly was

dissolved, and writs forthwith issued for the election of a new

parliament. The following telegram from Lord Dufferin to Gov. Robinson,

P.E.I., 12th March, 1873, may be quoted: “The delegates from your

Government have left Ottawa, having succeeded in effecting a provisional

arrangement. I congratulate you on P.E.I. having obtained such liberal

terms. My ministers are of opinion, in which I fully concur, that no

additional concessions would have any chance of being accepted by the

Parliament of Canada.—Dufferin.” Though the new terms were very

generally approved, the policy of the Opposition led by Mr. Pope

prevailed. It was to send another deputation to Ottawa, and demand

further concessions. And it succeeded, proving more attractive to the

majority of electors. Mr. Haythorne finding his government in a minority

resigned, and Mr. Pope resumed office. On the assembling of the new

parliament, Messrs. J. C. Pope, T. H. Haviland, and G. W. Howlan were

sent to Ottawa, and after some delay, secured some further concessions,

which were finally adopted in addition to the so-called Haythorne-Laird

terms, and being ratified, the island entered Confederation on July 1st,

1873. The following autumn Mr. Haythorne was summoned to the Senate, and

took his seat during the short session of that year, when the Pacific

Railway scandal led to the resignation of Sir John Macdonald’s

Government, and the advent of Mr. Mackenzie and his friends to power. In

the Senate Mr. Haythorne has been a pronounced freetrader, and a

supporter of the general policy of the Liberal party. He dissented,

however, from so much of their election law as went to substitute

(temporarily) the franchise of the Legislative Council of Prince Edward

Island, for the manhood suffrage which had long existed there, and

supported an amendment moved by Senator Haviland, which provided for the

continuance of the existing franchise in that province, until

registration courts should be established. This amendment being carried

in the Senate, it was agreed to by the Commons. He supported the Scott

Act, though somewhat doubtful respecting the fitness of some of its

clauses. He has steadily opposed all attempts to circumscribe its

operation, or diminish its efficacy. During the session of 1885, he

avowed a change of opinion, as to its principles and policy. This

contention being briefly: (1st) That the Canada Temperance Act, 1878, is

practically inoperative against the drunkard; while it abridges the

natural liberty of sober consumers of fermented liquors; (2nd) That the

optional theory is unsound, because where most needed in a community

addicted to intemperance, it receives least support, and would be

generally carried where least needed; and because it is the duty of

Government to propose to Parliament such measures as are necessary to

obviate a national tendency to intemperance; (3rd) Prohibition tends to

produce smuggling, illicit trading, and sale of pernicious spirits, and

experience proves that perjury sometimes results on the prosecution of

offenders.

* * * * *

=Gingras, Hon. Jean Elie=, ex-Member of the Legislative Council of the

Province of Quebec, is one of the oldest and best known citizens of

Quebec city, where he was born on the 5th of June, in the year 1804, of

humble but respectable French Canadian parents, then residing in the

shipping quarter of the city known as Diamond Harbor, which extends

along the river front beneath the citadel. The educational advantages he

enjoyed in his youth were limited, as he had to face the stern

necessities of life at an age when other lads, more fortunately

situated, are still considered in their teens. Put to learn the trade of

the ship carpenter, he worked for a number of years in the ship-yard of

the late Mr. Black, the builder of the _Royal William_, the first steam

vessel that successfully crossed the Atlantic, and eventually became his

foreman. He afterwards engaged in the ship-building business on his own

account. This was in the palmy days of that great industry in Quebec,

and Mr. Gingras, by dint of skill, energy and enterprise, rapidly worked

himself into the front rank of those engaged in it, employing a large

amount of labor, and acquiring considerable wealth and influence in the

community. During this stage of his long and useful life, his

fellow-citizens marked their appreciation of his worth by electing him a

member of the city corporation, and the government of the day by

appointing him a member of the Quebec Trinity House. A Conservative in

politics, he was also nominated by his party in 1864 to contest the seat

for the Stadacona division in the Legislative Council with the then

mayor of Quebec city, A. Tourangeau, who afterwards became M.P. for

Quebec East, and is now city postmaster. This was before confederation,

when the Legislative Council of Canada was elective. After a severe

contest, Mr. Gingras was returned at the head of the poll, and

represented the Stadacona division in the Council from 1864 until the

union, when he was appointed by the Crown a member of the Legislative

Council of the province of Quebec for life. During the decline of wooden

ship-building at Quebec, Mr. Gingras lost heavily, and finally retired

from business with a remnant of his once large fortune. He continued,

however, to hold his seat in the Legislative Council of the province

until the close of 1887, when, on attaining his eighty-fourth year of

age, he resigned it and was succeeded by Hon. G. Bresse, the great boot

and shoe manufacturer of Quebec East. Notwithstanding his advanced age,

Mr. Gingras is still hale and hearty, and few men enjoy a larger share

of public respect. He was thrice married. His last wife, as were her

predecessors, being a Quebec lady, whom he married in 1887. Like the

vast majority of his fellow-countrymen, he is a Roman Catholic.

* * * * *

=Weldon, Richard Chapman=, B.A., Ph.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, M.P. for

Albert County, New Brunswick, is a native of Sussex, N.B., where he was

born on the 19th January, 1849. He is the grandson of Andrew Weldon, a

native of Yorkshire, England, who emigrated and settled in Westmoreland

county, N.B., about a hundred years ago. The greater part of the

province was then a wilderness, and Andrew Weldon was one of its

foremost pioneers. Dr. Weldon’s paternal grandmother was Sarah Black,

sister of Rev. William Black, the founder of Methodism in the maritime

provinces. The late Rev. Dr. Matthew Richie wrote an interesting

biography of the Rev. Mr. Black, and a centenary memorial hall at Mount

Allison College, N.B., marks the esteem in which his name is held by the

church which he labored to establish, and will long keep his memory

green. The cause, under his zealous advocacy, made great headway, until

now, the Methodist church is one of the largest and most progressive in

the maritime provinces. Dr. Weldon received his earlier education at the

Superior School, in Upper Sussex. He matriculated at Mount Allison and

took the degree of B.A. after a very successful course. After leaving

Sackville he went to Yale College, in the United States, and after

prosecuting his studies there with great zeal for two years took the

degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The success of his post-graduate course

was so great as to tempt him to enjoy the advantages of European travel

and study. Having decided that his vocation lay in the department of

international law, he went to the famous University of Heidelberg, which

two years since celebrated its tercentenary, and there worked hard at

its chosen subject of study. Heidelberg enrols about thirteen hundred

students, from all parts of the world. The situation of the university,

under the old schloss (in ruins since the middle of the last century,

when it was the seat of government of the old palatinate), and

over-looking the valley of the beautiful Neckar flowing swiftly by amid

it opulent vineyards, is one of the prettiest in the whole world. Many

of the ablest jurists, statisticians and publicists in Germany have

received their training in Heidelberg. After enjoying the pleasure of

visiting some of the greatest resorts in the old world, Dr. Weldon

returned home, and in 1875 accepted the position of a professor at Mount

Allison College. He held this office until 1883. As a professor at his

Alma Mater he was careful and painstaking, and earned the reputation of

being the ablest man in the college. He continued his studies in law and

was called to the bar of his native province, but never practised. About

1882 the princely donations of George Munro, the New York publisher, to

Dalhousie College, Halifax, gave a great impetus to that seat of

learning, and it was resolved to establish a chair of constitutional

law. In casting about for a man to fill it, no better name was suggested

than that of Dr. Weldon. This was a rare honor, coming as it did from a

neighboring, and, in some respects, a rival college. Of this law school

there are two professors and six lecturers, the latter being selected

from among the ablest practitioners at the bar of Nova Scotia. Dr.

Weldon is dean of the school, and delivers lectures in constitutional

law and history, conflict of laws and international law. There are about

fifty students, coming from all parts of the maritime provinces. The

school possesses a fairly equipped and serviceable law library. To this

library Dr. Weldon is one of the largest donors, having contributed

$500. Having passed the required examinations, Dr. Weldon was, on the

9th December, 1884, admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia. His lectures are

very popular, and he is held in high esteem by the students and the

faculty of Dalhousie at large. Although he had resided at times long out

of his native province, Dr. Weldon never ceased to feel a warm interest

in her affairs as well as in the larger political movements in the

Dominion. His sympathies lay with the Conservatives. Previous to the

general election of 1887 he was nominated by the Conservatives of Albert

county. He at once entered into the canvass and conducted a series of

public meetings, in which he made a favorable impression. The opposition

candidate was a very strong man, Mr. Alexander Rogers. The vote stood:

Weldon, 1,047; Rogers, 923. Dr. Weldon signalized his entrance into the

Commons by seconding the Address. He had carefully studied the fishery

question in its larger bearings, and won applause by saying that if the

sixty million people of the United States insisted upon their

contentions, five millions on this side of the border would stand by

their rights. Dr. Weldon is a man of modest bearing, and is always

listened to with respect by the house. He is connected with the

Methodists; his wife, whom he married in 1877, being Marie, eldest

daughter of Rev. G. W. Tuttle, at that time stationed in the

Stellarton—Pictou county, N.S.—circuit.

* * * * *

=McNicoll, David=, Montreal, General Passenger Agent, for the territory

east of Port Arthur of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is still a young

man, though his position is one of large responsibilities. He was born

in the seaport town of Arbroath, in Forfarshire, Scotland, in April,

1852, and was only just beginning his fourteenth year when, in August,

1866, he entered the railway service as clerk in the goods manager’s

office of the North British Railway. In that position he remained until

1873, when he removed to England and obtained a similar berth in the

Midland Railway of that country. When he was in his twenty-first year he

was induced to come to Canada, where his previous experience proved of

service in procuring him employment in the same business. He became

associated with railway enterprise in the Dominion in the year 1874. His

first introduction to it was in the capacity of billing clerk on the

Northern Railway, at Meaford and Collingwood. Before the close of his

first year on Canadian railways, he was promoted to be chief clerk in

the office of the general manager of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce

Railway, at Toronto. He remained in that position until 1881, when he

became the general freight and passenger agent of the same railway, and

general traffic agent of the Owen Sound steamship line, trading on the

upper lakes. In 1883 he received the appointment of general passenger

agent of the Credit Valley, Toronto, Grey and Bruce, and Ontario and

Quebec railways, and when these lines were amalgamated with the Canadian

Pacific Railway, and operated as the Ontario division of the same, he

retained his position as general passenger agent at Toronto until the

spring of 1885, when his office was removed to Montreal. He then

received the appointment of general passenger agent of all the lines of

the Canadian Pacific Railway east of Port Arthur, which position he now

holds. Mr. McNicoll is well known in Toronto and Montreal, and enjoys

the confidence and esteem both of his superiors and colleagues and of

the travelling public.

* * * * *

=Ellis, Wm. Hodgson=, B.A., M.B., L.R.C.P., Toronto, is a native of

Derbyshire, England, where he was born on the 23rd of November, 1845.

His father, Dr. John Eimeo Ellis, was an English physician of some note,

and his grandfather, the Rev. William Ellis, was the famed missionary to

Madagascar, at the beginning of the century, and well known by his

admirable work dealing with missionary labor on the large and

interesting island in the Indian ocean, which lately came under the

protection of France. When he was in his fourteenth year, young Ellis

came to Canada, and in 1863 he matriculated at University College,

Toronto, and four years afterwards took his B.A. degree. During his

university career, he was a diligent and successful student,

particularly distinguishing himself in science, for the study of which

he had an inherited taste, and a great natural aptitude. While an

undergraduate, he became a member of the University Rifle corps, of

which he was afterwards made captain; and in June, 1866, was with the

“Queen’s Own,” at the historic field of Ridgeway, where the university

corps took a memorable part in the engagement with the invading Fenians.

On taking his arts degree, Mr. Ellis devoted himself to the study of

medicine, and in one course won his M.B. degree, at the Toronto School

of Medicine; after which he proceeded to London, England, there to

complete his professional studies. These he pursued at St. Thomas’

Hospital, where he soon obtained the degree of Licentiate of the Royal

College of Physicians, London. He now returned to Canada, and in 1871

was appointed Professor of Chemistry in Trinity Medical School, and

lecturer of chemistry in Trinity College, Toronto. Five years later he

was appointed by the Ontario government instructor in chemistry in the

Provincial College of Technology, now the School of Practical Science,

in affiliation with Toronto University. When the college was removed to

the Queen’s Park and attached to the university, Dr. Ellis resigned his

professorship in Trinity College, and assumed his present position, the

Professorship of Applied Chemistry, and was at the same time appointed

by the Dominion government Public Analyst for the Inland Revenue,

district of Toronto. To these important positions the learned professor

brings great natural and acquired powers, an alert, widely stored, and

comprehensive mind, and, though still young, a large experience, and the

fruits of wide study and research. He is moreover an interesting

lecturer and a successful instructor; and his genial manner, no less

than his high attainments, wins for him the regard and confidence of all

with whom he comes in contact. Dr. Ellis is an active member of the

Canadian Institute, and for two years was its president. He is also a

Fellow of the Chemical Society of London, England, and a Fellow of the

Society of Public Analysts of Great Britain. Dr. Ellis married in 1875,

Ellen Maud, daughter of Charles Mickle, of the city of Guelph, by whom

he has had two children. He is a member of the Anglican church.

* * * * *

=Robitaille, Louis Adolphe=, Quebec, is a well-known and much respected

citizen of the ancient capital. He is a brother of Hon. Theodore

Robitaille, fourth lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec, and

now a senator of the Dominion, and, like him, was born at the family

residence at Varennes, P.Q. His father, who was a notary, was descended

from one of the oldest French families in Lower Canada, and figured very

prominently among the patriots during the insurrection of 1837-38, even

to the extent of suffering imprisonment for his political opinions until

after the pacification of the province. On the maternal side our subject

claims descent from the Monjeaus and the Brodeurs, two more of the good

old Lower Canadian families. He was educated at the Ste. Therese, St.

Hyacinthe, and Montreal Seminaries. He was offered and accepted an

appointment in the Crown Lands department of Canada sometime about 1855.

Before confederation, Mr. Robitaille was promoted and placed in charge

of the Woods and Forests branch of Canada, and in this position he was

continued until confederation, when he became superintendent of Woods

and Forests for the province of Quebec. He afterwards left this branch

of the service for an appointment in the Railway department of Quebec

province, which position he held until shortly after the transfer of the

North Shore Railway, and was then superannuated. Though retired from the

government service, Mr. Robitaille is still in active employment as

secretary-treasurer of the Baie des Chaleurs Railway. He is a

brother-in-law of Mr. Riopel, M.P. for Bonaventure. Having been a public

officer from early life, serving under different administrations, Mr.

Robitaille has never taken an active part in politics.

* * * * *

=Caron, Hon. Sir Joseph Philippe Rene Adolphe=, B.C.L., K.C.M.G., Q.C.,

Ottawa, Minister of Militia, M.P. for Quebec county, was born in the

city of Quebec in 1843. He is the eldest surviving son of the late Hon.

R. E. Caron, lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. The Caron

family is ancient, and many members of it from time to time held

distinguished places in the state. Sir Adolphe was educated at the

Seminary of Quebec, at Laval University, and at the University of

McGill, in Montreal. In 1865, he graduated from the last mentioned

institution, taking with him the degree of B.C.L. Mr. Caron had as

preceptors in the offices wherein he studied his profession, very

distinguished lawyers. At first he studied with L. G. Baillairgé, Q.C.,

and subsequently with the Hon. (now Sir) John Rose, bart. In 1865, he

was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and in May, 1879, was appointed a

Queen’s counsellor. He is the only remaining member of the widely known

firm of Andrews, Caron & Andrews, Quebec city, Mr. Andrews, sr., having

died a few years ago, and Mr. Andrews, jr., was appointed to a

justiceship. The firm is now re-organized and known as Caron, Pentland &

Stuart. Besides his attention to law, he has formed prominent

connections in other directions. He has been a director of the Stadacona

Bank, and was vice-president of the Literary and Historical Society of

Quebec in 1867. But above all other interests, he found himself

attracted to public life, and first sought parliamentary honors in 1872,

at Bellechase, but failed to secure his election. In March, 1873, he was

more successful, having been then returned to represent the county of

Quebec in the House of Commons at Ottawa, and has sat in the House of

Commons ever since, and has been twice elected by acclamation. He always

showed himself to be an industrious and practical member of the house,

and those who observed him closely had no difficulty in predicting that

sooner or later he must obtain a substantial recognition of his

abilities. Sir John A. Macdonald always keeps his eyes about him for

talent, and Mr. Caron was long under his scrutiny. A very great friend

and warm admirer of Sir John A. Macdonald declares, however, that the

premier does not want to have near him any ability, or brilliancy that

could ever be likely to cast his own in the shade. Nevertheless, we are

pretty certain that he is shrewd enough to seek to gather about him the

best brains that he can lay hold of, and, as a rule, he has always

succeeded in doing this. He perceived that the subject of our sketch

would not alone make a good minister, but that he would likewise make a

popular one, and Mr. Caron was sworn in a member of the Privy Council,

9th November, 1880, and appointed minister of militia. To some men,

indeed to most men, come that one opportunity, at some period or another

in their lives; that one opportunity arose for the Hon. Mr. Caron,

minister of militia, in 1885. We need not, so close to the event which

furnished the opportunity, dwell at length upon it here. Like a

thunderbolt upon our ears came the tidings that several policemen and

civilians had fallen before a body of armed rebels in the North-West. It

was the winter of the year, the theatre of revolt was far away; it could

not be reached by railroad, but almost interminable stretches of

wilderness lay before whomsoever should go there to re-assert the

majesty of the law. A weak or incapable minister of militia would have

been at his wit’s end in the face of a problem, grave as this, thrust

upon him for immediate settlement. But Hon. Mr. Caron was not dismayed;

he did not hesitate at all, but promptly and firmly grappled with the

difficulty. Looking back upon it now, it naturally gives us ground for

the heartiest approbation to think of the celerity with which troops

were placed at different points in the territories, in the face of long

and difficult marching, and at an inclement season. It is perhaps

doubtful if there is to be found in the history of ordinary wars a

record showing more promptness of design and action than this uprising

put in the way of our militia department to display. It is a fact that

the decision and speed of our movements elicited the highest approbation

from disinterested military spectators. His Excellency, the

governor-general, who is a gentleman of very superior judgment,

recognized the efficiency of the minister in this time of peril, and had

no hesitation in communicating the fact to the Imperial government, and

recommending that he should obtain recognition from the Crown. That

recognition came, and there was no room to doubt that the minister of

militia well deserved to become Sir Adolphe Caron. Of late it has come

to be the custom in certain quarters to sneer at distinctions like the

knighthood, and to declare that they have been conferred at random; but

in the selection of Sir Adolphe for such an honor, no reasonable man can

make this criticism. In politics Sir Adolphe is a Liberal-Conservative,

and in religion a Roman Catholic. In 1867, he married Alice, only

daughter of the late Hon. François Baby, who represented Stadacona

division in the Legislative Council for many years.

* * * * *

=Edgar, William=, General Passenger Agent, Grand Trunk Railway,

Montreal, was born at Birkenhead, on the Mersey, opposite Liverpool, on

the 14th of June, 1841. When quite young he came to Canada, and on the

13th of October, 1856, entered the stationery department of the Great

Western railway as a clerk. During the twelve years following, he filled

various capacities in connection with the same important line, being at

different times, clerk of the stores department, clerk of the audit

department and chief clerk to the general ticket agent. In discharging

his duties, he was always able to give satisfaction to his employers,

and never failed to command the respect of those with whom he came in

contact. In July, 1869, he was appointed passenger agent for the western

division of the Great Western, being stationed at Detroit, a post which

he held until the succeeding January, when he became general ticket

agent on the same road and on the Michigan Central. In that position he

remained until November, 1875, when he was offered and accepted the

office of general passenger agent on the Great Western line. In

November, 1882, another change in his career took place, as he was then

appointed assistant-general passenger agent of the Grand Trunk Railway

which included the Great Western system. His new functions necessitated

his removal to Toronto, where he made many friends during his stay of

some twenty months. In July, 1884, Mr. Edgar was further promoted to the

important position which he now holds, that of general passenger agent

of the Grand Trunk, with headquarters at Montreal. He enjoys the esteem

of many friends, both among his colleagues and in the community at

large.

* * * * *

=Perley, William Dell=, Wolseley, N.W.T., M.P. for East Assiniboia, was

born at Gladstone, Sunbury County, New Brunswick, 6th February, 1838.

Among his ancestors were the pioneers of America as well as the pioneers

of New Brunswick. On his father’s side the family traces its descent

back to Allan Perley, who emigrated from Wales to Massachusetts in 1630.

When the Revolutionary war broke out a number of members of the family

remained true to the British cause, and being expelled with the other

Loyalists, settled in New Brunswick. The father of the subject of this

sketch was Hon. W. E. Perley, of Sunbury, a prominent man in the

politics of New Brunswick in ante-Confederation times. He was educated

in the best school of the province, concluding his collegiate course at

the Baptist Seminary at Sackville. In 1860 Mr. Perley married Phebe

Augusta Slipp, of Hampstead, N.B. Being a man of public spirit and

unusual energy, he early became prominent in public affairs. His first

training as a legislator he received in the municipal council of his

native county, to which he was elected for seven consecutive years, this

fact alone being sufficient proof of the esteem in which he was held by

those among whom he had spent his life. The opportunities afforded to

men of energy and capital in the Canadian North-West has had great

attraction for Mr. Perley from the earliest public announcements of the

great resources of that country. Going to the North-West in 1882 he

became from the first a leading citizen of what is now Assiniboia

district. He was a member of the first municipal council of Wolseley,

and was elected chairman of that body. In this capacity he had most to

do with completing the municipal organization. He became a member of the

North-West council in September, 1885, and was appointed one of the

delegates from the North-West Territories to confer with the Government

of the Dominion, in relation to important questions affecting the

North-West which were then pending. In 1887, Mr. Perley resigned his

place in the North-West council to contest the newly established riding

of East Assiniboia for the House of Commons. The elections in the

North-West were of absorbing interest owing to the close results of the

elections for the Eastern Provinces, and they were fought with keenness

throughout. Mr. Perley succeeded in carrying his district, as also did

the other Conservative candidates. Though but a short time in the House,

Mr. Perley has already taken a respectable place and has shown himself

to be possessed of qualities which would win him distinction in any

legislative body. He speaks seldom, but has already made it plain that

he possesses independence of spirit which is unfortunately too rare in

Canadian politics. He is an active promoter of a number of great public

enterprises, such as railways and others, and has, even in his short

career in parliament, won important advantages for his constituents in

hastening the construction of the North-West Central Railway, a most

important enterprise, and in various other ways.

* * * * *