=Fitzpatrick, Charles=, Advocate, Quebec. Although still quite a young

man, the subject of this sketch has already won a foremost position at

the Quebec bar, and his reputation is more than local. There are few

members of his profession whose name is more widely known beyond the

limits of that province. It sprang into general prominence with the Riel

case, and during some anxious months it was constantly before the world

in connection with the trial of the half-breed leader, and the efforts

made to obtain a commutation of his sentence. Mr. Fitzpatrick is of

Irish Catholic parentage and was born at Quebec on the 19th December,

1853; his father’s name being John Fitzpatrick, and his mother’s, Mary

Connolly. His ancestry were always noted for their devotion to the cause

of Ireland, and our subject is, in this respect, an ardent follower in

their patriotic footsteps. His grandfather, James Fitzpatrick, was a

prominent supporter of the great Irish leader, Daniel O’Connell, during

the repeal agitation. Young Charles Fitzpatrick was educated at the

Quebec Seminary and Laval University, of which last he was, in 1876, the

Dufferin medallist in the law faculty. On being admitted to the practice

of the law, he rapidly pushed into note, and acquired a large business.

His ability as a criminal lawyer was so marked that, under the Joly

provincial government in 1879, it singled him out for the crown

prosecutorship for the city and district of Quebec; and in that

responsible capacity he acted for some time to the satisfaction of the

public and the enhancement of his own reputation. Upon the defeat of the

Joly ministry he was replaced by their successors; but, on the return of

the Liberals to power in the province, with the Hon. H. Mercier, in

1887, he was again appointed crown prosecutor for the Quebec district,

and still holds the office. During the interval, between 1880 and 1887,

he figured prominently in most of the important cases before the

provincial courts. He represented the Belgian government in the

celebrated Tournai frauds case at Montreal, and the United States

government in the great Eno extradition case at Quebec, and, in 1885, he

woke to find himself famous all over the Dominion, by his retainer as

one of the leading counsel for the defence in the Riel case. In politics

he is a strong Liberal, and has taken an active part in nearly all the

federal and provincial elections in his section since 1878. He speaks

both languages with equal familiarity and fluency, and is as much at

home in addressing a French as an English audience. He has travelled in

America and Europe. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He married on

the 20th May, 1879, Corinne, daughter of the late Hon. R. E. Caron, the

second lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec under

Confederation, and a sister of Sir A. P. Caron, Dominion minister of

militia.

* * * * *

=Williams, Richard Wellington=, Three Rivers, Quebec, Druggist, and one

of the prominent Temperance leaders of that province, was born in

Montreal, July 15th, 1853. He comes of English stock, his father being

Richard Williams, a confectioner, and native of Tavistock, Devonshire,

England, his mother’s maiden name being Gendle, also a native of the

same place. His father died while our subject was very young, and his

mother married, some time afterward, Thomas Roderick Massey, J.P., of

Nicolet county, Quebec, where Mr. Williams received his earlier

education, including the rudiments of French. In 1865, the family moved

into the town of Nicolet, where, after attending a French grammar school

for some time, he entered Nicolet college, where he took a commercial

course for two years, succeeded by a classical one of the same period.

Completing his collegiate studies, on the 8th of July, 1870, he was

apprenticed with a druggist in Three Rivers. In August, 1875, he removed

to Montreal, and matriculated at the Montreal College of Pharmacy,

taking a season’s course, and receiving a certificate as “certified

clerk,” carrying off honors as a medallist. Soon afterwards, Mr.

Williams was engaged as assistant at the laboratory of Dr. J. Baker

Edwards, D.C.L., F.C.S., etc., at the same time pursuing his second

course at the Pharmaceutical college, acting as assistant to Dr.

Edwards, who was professor of practical chemistry, toxicology, and

microscopy, at Bishop’s College; professor of chemistry at the college

of pharmacy, and professor of chemistry, physics, etc., at the McGill

Normal School, besides being public analyst as well. During this period

Mr. Williams made the most of his advantages, graduating as

pharmaceutical chemist in the spring of 1877, being the medallist of his

year. Mr. Williams commenced business in Three Rivers in April, 1878,

where he has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In early

life Mr. Williams was confirmed in the Episcopal church, his step-father

being a member of that communion, but later on he gave his adherence to

the Presbyterian church in Canada, and is a member of St. Andrew’s

church of Three Rivers. In 1880, he was elected a manager of St.

Andrew’s, and for four years filled the office of Secretary-treasurer,

and now occupies the position of chairman of the board. In politics, Mr.

Williams has always occupied an independent position as between the two

great political parties, but is an out-and-out Prohibitionist, and is

quietly waiting the formation of a national party, having the

prohibition of the liquor traffic as its main platform. Mr. Williams is

a Mason of some prominence in his native province, he being chairman of

the permanent committee of the G.C. of Quebec R.A.M.; is also P.Z. and

P.G. Superintendent of the same body; also Grand Rep. of the G.C. of

Dakota, near Quebec. Mr. Williams also holds the rank of P.M., and a

P.D.D.G.M. of the Grand Lodge of Quebec A. F. and A. M. Our subject is

also a prominent member of the Independent Order of Foresters. In 1871,

Mr. Williams joined the Independent Order of Good Templars. In 1878, he

took the G.L. degree of that order, and in 1881, he was elected Grand

Treasurer of the G.L. of Quebec, which office he continuously held until

1886, when he was unanimously elected Grand Chief Templar of that

province, again being unanimously re-elected to fill that high position

in 1887. In 1886, he was one of the two representatives sent by Grand

Lodge to the R.W.G.L. session, in Richmond, Va., and in 1887, to the

session of that body held in Saratoga, N.Y., both years being drafted

upon important committees. Mr. Williams is a member of the American

Pharmaceutical Association, and also of the Board of Trade of his town.

In 1886, he was elected one of the twelve councillors who compose the

council of the Pharmaceutical Association of the province of Quebec, and

the same year was appointed one of the six examiners in connection with

this association. He still holds the position of examiner, being

re-appointed in 1887. Mr. Williams has travelled somewhat extensively

upon this continent, but has never, to the writer’s knowledge, crossed

the Atlantic. Mr. Williams married, October 9th, 1879, Alice J., eldest

daughter of John Thomas Lambly, son of the late John Robert Lambly,

registrar of the county of Megantic, Quebec, and niece of Rev. O. R.

Lambly and William H. Lambly, the present registrar, etc., of Megantic

county. Mr. Williams has had two children, one son and one daughter.

Personally, Mr. Williams is a genial, pleasant gentleman, and naturally

has hosts of friends, but these traits of character are never allowed to

interfere with the predominant idea of his life, viz., to do all that

lies within his power to curtail, and, if possible prohibit, the liquor

curse of his native country.

* * * * *

=Duncan, John=, formerly of St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Old

Meldrum, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in the year 1797, and landed in

Miramichi, New Brunswick, in 1821. About the year 1832 he became

connected with Mr. John Owens, of St. John, N.B., where, under the firm

of Owens & Duncan, they conducted, with great success, a ship-building

and ship-owning business, until the death of Mr. Owens, in 1867. The

firm was widely known and respected for the management of their affairs

under the strictest business morality. Mr. Duncan devoted much of his

time as director and president of many private and corporate bodies. He

died 31st January, 1869.

* * * * *

=Girard, Abbé Pierre=, Priest, Master of Arts, and Superior of the

Seminary of St. Charles-Borromée, Sherbrooke, Quebec, was born February

14th, 1849, at St. Marie de Monnoir, at the foot of the woody Mount

Johnson. He was the son of Pierre Girard, husbandman, and of Marie

Peletier. On his father’s side he belongs to a large and influential

family, who have furnished many men of merit to the country, and

exercised a great influence in the United States. From his mother he

inherited many of the Peletier qualities, so well known for their

enterprising spirit, firmness, and indomitable energy. His father passed

the greatest part of youth at Detroit, where he owned a vessel and

coasted between that town and Chicago, then a humble village. A

prolonged storm which he endured on Lake Michigan, and the rigors to

which he was subjected, determined him to abandon this perilous life and

return to his native country, after an absence of seven years. The

childhood of Mr. Girard was passed under the watchful eyes of a loving

mother. Being the eldest of the family, and more separated from the

society of other children, he was reserved, serious and more than

ordinarily timid. He then developed his aptitude for industry, of which

he made such great use later. His favorite amusement was application to

mechanism. In this connection he bears a long scar on his left wrist,

inflicted while experimenting with a miniature saw-mill. This accident

terminated an enterprise which had been closely calculated. He studied

the elements of science in the common school which he attended from the

age of seven years, from which he was a mile distant. His progress was

so rapid that after three years his parents sent him, in 1859, to the

college of Monnoir, where he studied in classics and mechanics. Endowed

with unusual talents and an extraordinary memory, he made these two

courses in seven years. Besides Latin and Greek, Mr. Girard speaks

French, English and Italian. Through his knowledge of literature,

philosophy and mathematics, he was made a professor of these sciences.

He is familiar and occupied with all scientific subjects. The seminary

of St. Charles-Borromée is designated by the city of Sherbrooke as one

of its principal edifices. Mr. Girard draughted the plans and directed

the works of construction, which is an unexceptionable proof of his

architectural competency, whilst the museum is extensive and rich in

mineralogy, conchology, ornithology, zoology, etc., collected under his

supervision, and placing him in the first rank as a naturalist. Scarcely

seventeen years of age, repudiating all the allurements and seductions

of the world, Mr. Girard enrolled himself in the ranks of the Roman

Catholic clergy, and it is from this epoch that his career as an

educator of youth dates. He was ordained priest the 23rd September,

1871, and continued to teach in the college of Monnoir until the 14th of

February, 1874, when he went to Coaticook, where he filled the office of

assistant, besides officiating extensively at Barford and the boundary

line. In 1875, the first bishop of the new diocese of Sherbrooke, his

lordship, Ant. Racine, wishing to establish a seminary at Sherbrooke,

believed he could not do better than entrust this great enterprise to

the erudition, experience, and practical knowledge of the Abbé Girard.

He was not deceived in his estimate of this energetic man, as the

seminary of St. Charles-Borromée to-day ranks as one of the most

flourishing institutions in the province of Quebec, and is patronized by

the sons of the best families in the Dominion; among the number being

the two sons of his honor Lieutenant-Governor Angers. The number of

pupils who each year present themselves for admittance is so great that

the Abbé is forced to refuse them, notwithstanding the work of

enlargement which is being vigorously pushed forward. The secret of this

astonishing success lies in the fact of the practical teaching of the

two languages. To accomplish this it requires eighteen competent

professors of many years experience. With a man of the Abbé Girard’s

acknowledged ability, profound talents, and sterling piety, at the head

of such an establishment, nothing more can be desired to insure its

permanent success. In 1884 and 1885 he made a long voyage across the

sea, in company with His Lordship Gravel, bishop of Nicolet, and the

Rev. J. C. Bernard. He visited London, Paris, Rome, and the Holy Land,

and then with the latter all the countries of Europe, with the exception

of Spain and Portugal, which had to be omitted, being devastated with

that fatal epidemic, cholera. They both have related the most

interesting reminiscences of their tour, which lasted a year. Since his

return Mr. Girard has entered into his work with renewed ardor. Work

seems to have no effect upon his strong constitution; he utilizes his

spare moments in historical researches on the Eastern townships, which

he published in his Annual Memoirs of the Seminary. He printed as well

as composed, in his hours of recreation, this annual, which already

forms two large vols. in 8vo. In spite of all this work, he still found

means of shining in the pulpit, where he preached sermons deserving of

publication. A few years ago he published a “Method of Plain-Chant,”

which has been well appreciated by the public, as shown by the fact of

its being in its fourth edition. Being professor at the little seminary

of St. Mary, he founded, in 1872, a journal, having for its name “_Echo

du College de Monnoir_.” This publication, which lasted more than two

years, contained articles worthy of the aptitude of his directorship. It

would still exist if Mr. Girard had not been called to exercise his

activity in another sphere. Mr. Girard was already episcopal counsellor

of Sherbrooke up to August 9th, 1885, when his lordship, Bishop Gravel,

honored him by nominating him vicar-general of the diocese of Nicolet,

the 1st of November of the same year.

* * * * *

=Allnatt, Rev. Francis John Benwell=, D.D., Professor of Pastoral

Theology in the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec, was

born at Clapham, a suburb of London, England, on the 15th of January,

1841. He is a member of a family for many generations resident at

Wallingford, Berkshire; and his father, the Rev. F. J. Allnatt,

M.R.C.S., is at present the vicar of Grinsdale, Carlisle, England. The

subject of this sketch was educated at St. Augustine’s College,

Canterbury, and, coming out to Canada in 1864, was immediately on his

arrival, ordained deacon by the Anglican bishop of Quebec, and appointed

to the mission of Drummondville, on the St. Francis river. This he

retained for twenty-one years, with the exception of a period of two

years (1872-4), during which he volunteered for service as missionary on

the coast of Labrador. He was ordained priest in 1865, and took the

degree of Bachelor of Divinity in 1878, and that of Doctor in 1886, at

Bishop’s College, Lennoxville. In 1879 he was appointed as colleague to

share with Dr. Weir, of Morrin College, the inspection of academies and

model schools for the province of Quebec, an office which he held, in

addition to his parochial charge, until 1885, when he resigned both on

being appointed rector of St. Matthew’s church, in the city of Quebec.

Early in the present year (1887) it was definitely decided to establish

at the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, a new chair, that of

Pastoral Theology, with the object of inaugurating a more complete

method of training and discipline for those graduates and other students

who were engaged in immediate preparation for holy orders. The most

important feature of this new departure was the residence of these

students with the professor, for the purpose of closer intercourse with

him and more frequent opportunities for devotion and instruction. Dr.

Allnatt was appointed as the first occupant of the chair, and entered

upon his new duties in September, 1887. He had previously, for some ten

years, held the office of examiner in Divinity to the university. In

1874, Dr. Allnatt married the widow of Ignace Gill, M.P.P. This lady is

a daughter of the late William Robin, a native of London, but of Swiss

descent, and educated at Geneva. He entered the British service under

the auspices of the Count de Meuron, and was a lieutenant in a regiment

named after that nobleman, and when about eighteen years of age the

regiment was sent to Canada, about 1812. It was disbanded a few years

afterwards, and officers and men received grants of land in the

neighborhood of Drummondville. Besides minor literary efforts, Dr.

Allnatt has published a book entitled, “The Witness of St. Matthew,” an

inquiry into the sequence of inspired thought pervading the First

Gospel, and into its result of unity, symmetry and completeness, as a

perfect portrait of the Perfect Man. This book, which is published by

Kegan Paul, London, England, has met with much favorable notice at the

hands of both the British and American press. The London _Guardian_, in

the course of a very flattering review, designates it as “a careful,

thorough and systematic analysis, with suitable remarks, of the contents

of the first Gospel, with a view to elicit and illustrate the special

features of St. Matthew’s presentment of Christ’s Person and work,—a

task which the author has accomplished with much discernment and

lucidity.”

* * * * *

=Emmerson, Rev. Robert Henry=, New Brunswick.—The late Rev. Robert

Henry Emmerson, a clergyman of the Baptist denomination in New

Brunswick, had his birth in Northumberland county, N.B., October 11th,

1826. His father was John Emmerson, who at an early age came from

England with his parents to Charlottetown, P.E.I., and his mother, Maria

Tozer, of Miramichi, N.B. Both were members of the Baptist church in the

latter place. In his boyhood Mr. Emmerson manifested a very marked taste

for reading and study, with an acute perception and tenacious memory.

The exercise of his mind on the subject of religion may be dated back to

his earliest recollections. “From a child” he, like Timothy, “knew the

Scriptures,” hence the readiness and fluency which always characterised

him when quoting from the sacred volume. He first received the ordinary

education obtainable at the common schools, thence attended the Baptist

seminary—a high school or academy, in Fredericton, N.B.—after which he

sought the greater facilities for education to be found at Acadia

College, Wolfville, N.S., in order to be the better qualified for the

work to which he felt himself called, namely, that of the ministry. In

1848 the Baptist church at Maugerville, one of the oldest settlements in

New Brunswick, invited Mr. Emmerson to preach to them. He continued

there two years. When at college his natural abilities were observed,

and while pursuing his studies he frequently preached at Windsor, N.S.,

and elsewhere, by request. During this period he wrote a number of

articles for the press, which attracted public attention. On the 29th of

July, 1852, he was regularly set apart to the work of the ministry, and

accepted the pastoral charge of the church at Maugerville, Sunbury

county, N.B. At this time he was nearly twenty-six years of age. On the

10th of August, 1852, he married Augusta A. Read, eldest daughter of

Joseph Read, senior member of the firm of Joseph Read & Co., of Minudie,

N.S., and Boston, Mass. From July, 1852, to August, 1856, he retained

the pastoral charge of the church in Maugerville. The records of that

church show how ably and prosperously he filled that important office.

During this period he read much, circulated a large amount of religious

and intellectual reading, wrote for the public press, travelled

extensively in the United States, kept up private and professional

studies, and performed the arduous duties of the pastor, enjoying

frequent revivals which involved a great amount of labor. In the spring

of 1855 Mr. Emmerson made an extensive tour in the United States. While

there he attended the general meeting of the American Bible Union, held

at Chicago in May of that year. His letters to the _Christian Visitor_

(the organ of the Baptists in New Brunswick), descriptive of the places

he visited, gave evidence of great powers of observation, and an ability

to take up the incidents and scenes of his travels and make them of

interest to others. He vastly enjoyed his intercourse there with Dr.

Cone, Dr. Wyckoff, and others then eminent in the Baptist denomination

in the United States. Possessing a magnetism of manner, he made many

warm friends there, and was strongly urged by them to make the United

States his home. They believed that his remarkable ability as an

extempore speaker rendered him peculiarly fitted for the pastorate of

one of their city churches, where extempore preaching was then in

demand. On his return home he received a call from a church in

Cleveland, Ohio, but his strong attachment to home and the provinces

prevented his acceptance. Subsequent overtures from churches in New York

and Boston were refused for like reasons. In November of the same year

Mr. Emmerson visited the Southern States. While there he was solicited

to take charge of a church in Richmond, Va., but declined. In the

columns of the _Christian Visitor_ of that day are to be found many

contributions from his pen. On the failure of Mrs. Emmerson’s health, he

was compelled to leave Maugerville; and having received a call from the

First Baptist Church of Moncton, N.B., he accepted it, and removed there

on the 1st of September, 1856. Here was the scene of his last and most

prominent labors. Moncton had then suddenly arisen to a place of

importance among New Brunswick towns, on account of the railway

operations, which had then just commenced, and of the shipbuilding

industry, which then flourished there. The result was a large influx of

people, which gave a wider scope and greater prominence to Mr.

Emmerson’s labors. The church soon rose under his ministry, and their

house of worship was found to be altogether too small. A large and

expensive building was accordingly commenced, and was finished after his

death. He only lived about a year after moving to Moncton, during which

time very many were added to the church. What promised to be a useful

and brilliant career was too soon ended. He died on the 11th of

September, 1857, at the early age of thirty years and eleven months. His

death was sudden, being caused by typhoid fever. In the mysterious

providence of God he was, in the prime of manhood, in the full vigor of

his ministry, and in the midst of a wide field of usefulness, called to

his eternal rest. Mr. Emmerson will long be remembered as an eloquent

speaker, an original thinker, and an earnest and exemplary worker in the

cause of his Master. It was much regretted by his friends that his

sermons were not prepared for publication, which would have been done

had he lived longer. Mr. Emmerson left a widow and three children—two

sons and a daughter—all of whom are now living. The sons, H. R.

Emmerson and F. W. Emmerson, are barristers of the Supreme Court of New

Brunswick in active practice; and the daughter is Emma Emmerson

Atkinson, wife of H. Atkinson, of Moncton, N.B., barrister-at-law. Mrs.

Atkinson is a prominent member and worker of the Woman’s Christian

Temperance Union of New Brunswick.

* * * * *

=Brown, Henry Braithwaite=, Q.C., LL.M., Sherbrooke, Que., was born on

7th October, 1845, at Chichester, county of Sussex, England. His parents

were Rev. Thomas Brown, M.A., prebendary of Chichester Cathedral, who

died in October, 1878, and Jane Lewis Brown, _née_ Goodyear. The subject

of this sketch was educated at the prebendal school, and received an

excellent classical education. In 1867 he left England and settled in

Sherbrooke, his first position being that of principal of the Sherbrooke

Academy. In 1886 he was elected _bâtonnier_ of the bar for St. Francis

district, and is now a delegate to the general council of the bar. He is

also president of the Stanstead and Sherbrooke Mutual Fire Insurance

Co., city attorney of Sherbrooke, and one of the trustees of Compton

Ladies’ College. In politics he is a consistent Conservative, and in

religion a staunch adherent of the Church of England. In 1872 he was

married, at Quebec, to Charlotte Mary Holwell Bligh, a daughter of the

late John Bligh of the Ordnance department of the War office at Quebec.

He was admitted to the bar in December, 1871, received the degree of

LL.M. from the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1883, and

was appointed Q.C. in 1886.

* * * * *

=Carbray, Felix=, Quebec, is the senior member of the well known firm of

Carbray, Routh & Co., commission merchants, of Quebec and Montreal, and

not only holds a good position in Quebec commercial society, which he

has won by his business ability and energy, but fills a considerable

space in the eyes of the Irish Catholic population of the ancient

capital, whom he represented in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, from

1881 to 1886. As may be surmised, Mr. Carbray, though a native of

Canada, is of Irish extraction. Both of his parents were from the county

Tyrone, Ireland, and his father, the late Niall Carbray, who was a

farmer, occupied for many years the historic Holland farm, near the city

of Quebec, where the subject of this sketch was born on the 23rd

December, 1835. His mother’s maiden name was Catherine Connolly. He was

also educated at Quebec, where he has resided throughout his life,

though he has travelled extensively in America and Europe, principally

on business connected with the trade in lumber, in which his house is

engaged. He was one of the pioneers of the lumber trade between the St.

Lawrence and South America, and is still largely interested in it. In

addition to his other duties, he fills the important position of consul

of Portugal at the port of Quebec. A Roman Catholic in religion, Mr.

Carbray has been honored by the St. Patrick’s congregation of Quebec

with election and re-election as one of the trustees of their church,

and is also a trustee of that noble Irish Catholic charity, the St.

Bridget’s Asylum, of Quebec. He has taken an equally active and leading

part in all the local national movements of his fellow-countrymen, and

has been president of the St. Patrick’s Literary Institute, the Irish

National Association, and other Irish bodies in Quebec. He is a

Liberal-Conservative in politics, and at the provincial general

elections in 1881, yielding to the solicitations of his friends, he ran

as the party candidate for the electoral division of Quebec West and,

after a hard fight, was elected by a good majority to represent that

constituency in the Legislative Assembly in the province. His

parliamentary career was very creditable. Though he did not often

address the House, he was always listened to with the utmost respect,

being an equally good speaker and debater in both English and French,

and never wasting his powder except on serious and interesting subjects

with which he was most conversant, such especially as questions of

finance and commerce. In fact, so marked a figure was he in this respect

in the legislature from 1881 to 1886, that rumor frequently connected

his name with a cabinet office, and there is little doubt that had he

continued in public life and his party been re-elected to power at the

general elections of 1886, he would have sooner or later, entered the

provincial ministry. During the last session of his term, he was the

mover in the Legislative Assembly of the resolutions adopted by that

body in favor of granting Home Rule to Ireland, and expressing sympathy

with Mr. Gladstone in his efforts to solve the Irish problem peacefully,

without dismembering the Empire. At the general elections on the 14th

October, he again ran as the Liberal-Conservative candidate for Quebec

West, and, though political feeling in the province ran high at the

time, owing to the Riel agitation, was only defeated by the slender

majority of eight votes, owing largely to over confidence on the part of

his friends. Since then, Mr. Carbray has devoted himself exclusively to

the management of the large and growing business of his firm. In May,

1854, he married Margaret, daughter of William Carberry, who emigrated

to Quebec from Carrick-on-Suir, Waterford, Ireland, in 1847.

* * * * *

=Emmerson, Henry Robert=, LL.B., Dorchester, N.B., was born at

Maugerville, in the county of Sunbury, province of New Brunswick, on the

25th day of September, 1853. He is a son of the Rev. Robert Henry

Emmerson, Baptist clergyman, and Augusta Read Emmerson, his wife. His

grandfather, John Emmerson, came from England, and engaged in the lumber

business at Miramichi, N.B. At the time of the great fire there, in

1825, he lost much property, and came near losing his life. His

grandfather, on the mother’s side, was Joseph Read, of Minudie, N.S., of

the firm of Joseph Read & Co., of Minudie, N.S., and Boston, Mass. Mr.

Read was one of the pioneers in the grindstone business between the

provinces and the United States, and owned large and valuable quarries

in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick at the time of his death. Our subject

received a high school education at the following places:—St. Joseph’s

College, Memramcook, N.B.; Amherst Academy, Amherst, N.S.; Mount Allison

Academy, Sackville, N.B.; Boston English High School, Boston, Mass.;

Horton Collegiate Academy, Wolfville, N.S., and attended lectures at

Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., for two years, pursuing a partial

course, devoting his time principally to English, Latin, French,

mathematics, and the natural sciences. In the year 1871 he went to

Boston and attended a commercial college, and obtained a position in the

office of the firm founded by his grandfather, and afterwards was given

the position of bookkeeper. He continued in this position until 1874;,

when he came to Dorchester, N.B., to pursue the study of the law in his

native province, in the office of the then Hon. Albert J. Smith

(afterwards Sir Albert J. Smith). Mr. Smith having given up his

professional practice on account of his public duties as minister of

marine and fisheries, he entered, in Michaelmas term, 1874, as a

student-at-law in the office of Albert J. Hickman, barrister, who had

succeeded to Mr. Smith’s law practice. He read law with Mr. Hickman

until 1876, when he attended the Boston University Law School, in

Boston, Mass. He graduated in June, 1877, with the degree of LL.B., and

in Michaelmas term, 1877, was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court

of New Brunswick. At the Law School he had the honor to carry off the

prize from the members of the graduating class of that year for the best

essay on “The Legal Condition of Married Women.” This prize, offered by

the faculty of the Law School, was $50. In November, 1877, he entered

into a legal copartnership with Mr. Hickman, in whose office he had

studied. The firm of Hickman & Emmerson continued with success until the

death of Mr. Hickman, in March, 1879, when Mr. Emmerson associated with

Mr. Burton S. Read, under the firm name of Emmerson & Read. In 1882 Mr.

Read retired from the practice of the law, and our subject continued

alone until 1886, when the firm of Emmerson, Chandler & Chapman,

consisting of William B. Chandler, LL.B., W. H. Chapman and himself, was

formed. In 1883, on the death of Sir Albert J. Smith, K.C.M.G., Mr.

Emmerson became the managing executor of his estate, under his will. He

has been closely identified with the Westmoreland county Liberal

Association for years, taking an active part in the affairs of the party

in the county and province. Was one of the owners of the _Daily

Transcript_, a Liberal newspaper, published at Moncton, N.B., until

1887, when it was purchased by Mr. Hawke. In the general election of

1887 he was selected by the Liberal party of Westmoreland to contest

that county in the Liberal interest against Mr. Josiah Wood, the

Conservative M.P. for that county, and who had defeated Sir Albert J.

Smith in the contest of 1882. He was defeated by about the same majority

that Mr. Wood had over the late Sir Albert Smith. The Liberal party in

this contest pledged itself to run the election within the letter and

spirit of the law relating to bribery and corruption, and the resolution

was most rigidly observed. The Liberals claimed that their opponents did

not observe any such rule. Mr. Emmerson has travelled over a portion of

the eastern and middle States, and Canada. In religious belief Mr.

Emmerson adheres to the faith of his father and mother, who were

Baptists. In June, 1878, he married Emily C. Record, only daughter of C.

B. Record, iron founder, of Moncton, N.B. Mr. Record was one of the

first to establish an iron foundry in New Brunswick outside of St. John.

Besides his practice as counsel in court, etc., our subject has a large

practice in estate business. He is executor under the will of Thomas

Keillor, late of Dorchester, whose estate is large. That, with Sir

Albert Smith’s estate and other estates, demand much of his time.

Notwithstanding his busy life, Mr. Emmerson has devoted considerable of

his time to public affairs, having taken the field in every political

contest since 1878. He is a speaker of marked ability, possessing a

magnetism rarely found in the public speakers of the present day. He has

also taken a deep interest in emigration matters, having instituted or

inaugurated an emigration scheme from the kingdom of Denmark to the

county of Westmoreland, N.B., the scheme being under the direct

management of his firm. There is now being circulated in Denmark a

pamphlet prepared by them, having for its object the encouragement of a

good class of emigrants to occupy the new and unoccupied farms of that

magnificent county. The expense attending upon this scheme is borne

entirely by Mr. Emmerson and his firm. In his professional career Mr.

Emmerson has been, during the past seven years, connected with almost

every one of the important suits tried in Westmoreland and Albert

counties. The case of _ex parte_ Rand, a case arising out of the Scott

Act election of 1884, involving the question as to what “scrutiny of

votes” meant, was one of the important cases in which he was engaged,

having been employed by the Westmoreland Prohibitory Alliance to look

after their interests therein. Upon the advice of himself and

Attorney-General Blair, the case was appealed to the Supreme Court of

Canada, with success. In November, 1887, Mr. W. H. Chapman, one of his

partners, having been appointed clerk of the county court of

Westmoreland, retired from the firm, which is now Emmerson & Chandler,

with offices at Dorchester and Moncton, in Westmoreland county. Mr.

Emmerson’s talent as a public speaker has led him to be frequently

called upon to lecture, which he occasionally does at places within the

county. He is largely connected with the public enterprises of the

county, and takes an active interest in the manufacturing, shipping, and

other industrial institutions therein. With Mr. W. F. George, of

Sackville, he has been at the back of the woollen manufacturing

establishment at Port Elgin, N.B. Mr. Emmerson is solicitor for the

Merchants’ Bank of Halifax, Dorchester and Moncton, and from 1882 until

1886, when he resigned, was agent of the Bank at Dorchester, not doing

routine work, but having a supervision over and responsibility for the

work. He is a director of the Maritime Baptist Publishing Company, the

company managing and publishing _The Messenger and Visitor_, the organ

of the Baptists in the maritime provinces. Our subject is a Liberal in

English and Canadian politics, a great admirer of Gladstone and of

Edward Blake. He is a strong advocate of free and unrestricted trade

with the United States, and would break down all customs barriers. His

commercial experience in Boston was to earn money to pursue his law

studies, and also to give himself an insight into business affairs, as a

help in his profession. Mr. Emmerson has three children, the eldest

seven years of age.

* * * * *

=Nolin, Charles=, Sheriff of St. John’s, Quebec, was born May 18th,

1819, in St. Athanase county, and district of Iberville. His father was

Ambroise Nolin, Isle D’Orleans, Quebec, later of St. Luc, district of

Iberville, a farmer by occupation, who married Margaret Morin, of St.

Luc. Ambroise died at St. Athanase, in 1867, while his wife lived until

1882, in which year she succumbed at a ripe old age. Our subject

received a good commercial education at the school of his native parish,

commencing business on his own account as general merchant, at St.

John’s, in 1846. This business he carried on successfully for fourteen

years, and by strict business integrity, together with economical

habits, was enabled to retire from active business pursuits. On the 16th

of May, 1863, he was appointed high constable of St. John’s, which

position he held until 1865, when he resigned to accept the office of

deputy-sheriff, which was then tendered him; receiving his present

appointment as high sheriff on the 17th of November, 1873. Sheriff Nolin

married, in 1846, Clorinthe, daughter of J. Duquet, of Chateauguay,

merchant, and whose son, Joseph, was one of the “patriots” of 1837, who

were executed along with Cardinal, in Montreal, in 1838. Sheriff Nolin

has had issue eleven children, seven of whom are now living, one of his

sons being Professor Alphonse Nolin, who occupies the classical chair in

the Ottawa College. C. A. G. Nolin, the eldest son, is now a merchant of

some standing in Washington territory, U.S. Joseph, another son, is a

dentist, practising at Ottawa. Of his daughters, Marie Louise married L.

A. Trudeau, a dentist, of St. John’s; Marie Elmire Clorinthe married

Joseph Hector La Rocque, druggist, of the same place, and Maria Eudolie

married J. E. Z. Bouchard, advocate, St. John’s, and now holding the

position as French translator to the government of Quebec; the youngest

daughter, Rosalinda, not married, lives at home. In the troublous times

of 1837-8, Mr. Nolin took part in the rebellion of that period, and was

taken prisoner; he, however, being more fortunate than many of his

comrades, was discharged. Sheriff Nolan is an adherent of the Roman

Catholic faith, and an ardent supporter of the church and faith of his

forefathers. Though now well advanced in years, he is yet full of vigor,

and delights in recounting the more stirring events of his rather

eventful life.

* * * * *

=MacKinnon, Tristiam A.=, General Superintendent of the Ontario and

Atlantic Division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, has his office in

Montreal. Mr. Mackinnon belongs to that hardy, virtuous and thrifty

stock of Scotch-Irish, who, to the best qualities of the race from which

they sprang, have added something of the impetuosity, quick-wittedness

and capacity for adapting themselves to new situations, which

distinguish the Hibernian Celt. It is a stock that has been ably

represented in North America. Both in the United States and Canada, a

considerable proportion of the most prominent citizens in all walks of

public and private life have been proud to belong to it: President

Buchanan, Motley, the historian; the ill-fated Montgomery, the scene of

whose death is one of the points of interest to the stranger visiting

Quebec; the Workman family of Toronto and Montreal, the late Sir Francis

Hincks, Bishop Charles Hamilton and his brother, the Hon. John Hamilton,

and others that will, doubtless, at once occur to the reader, men as are

by birth or descent, members of the same vigorous and progressive race.

Mr. MacKinnon was born in Ireland, on the 7th of August, 1844. He did

not enter the railway service at so early a stage in his career as some

of his colleagues who have, like himself, risen to distinction. He had

attained the years of mature manhood when, in December, 1868, he was

offered and accepted the position of clerk and time-keeper in the

Passumpsic Railroad shops at Lynderville, Vermont. His merit was quickly

recognized. In 1871 he became superintendent’s clerk and acting

superintendent on the same line, and remained in that twofold capacity

in connection with the road until August, 1873, when he was made

superintendent of the Brockville and Ottawa and Canada Central Railways.

In October, 1880, he received the appointment of assistant general

manager of the South Eastern Railway, in which position he acquitted

himself with such satisfaction to the company and the public that it was

deemed to the advantage of both to give him entire charge of the

administration. Finally, on the transfer of the South Eastern Railway to

the Canadian Pacific company, he was appointed (1st October, 1886),

general superintendent of the Ontario and Atlantic division of that

great line, and no person, directly or indirectly connected with the

road, has had reason to regret his promotion.

* * * * *

=Smith, William=, M.P. for South Ontario, Columbus, Ontario, was born in

the township of East Whitby, November 16th, 1847, is the son of William

Smith and Elizabeth Laing, his wife, natives of Morayshire, Scotland. He

was educated at the public school, Columbus, and Upper Canada College,

Toronto. He was a lieutenant in the 6th company (Brooklin), 34th

battalion V. M. I. for a number of years. He has been a trustee of

Columbus public school since 1869; was president of the South Ontario

Agricultural Society in 1881; deputy reeve of the township of East

Whitby from 1878 to end of 1882; reeve from 1883 to end of 1886; and is

now vice-president of the Clydesdale Association of Canada. He belongs

to the I.O.O.F., having joined November 11th, 1887. He has always taken

an active part in both municipal and political affairs, and was defeated

for the House of Commons in June, 1882, by fifty, but was successful at

the last general election in 1887. In politics he is a Conservative; in

religion a Presbyterian. He was married May 25th, 1880, to Helen Burns,

daughter of the late James Burns, farmer, of the township of East

Whitby. Mr. Smith is a farmer, and has lived on the same farm since his

birth. He takes a great interest in Clydesdale horses, Durham cattle,

and Cotswold sheep.

* * * * *

=Power, Hon. Lawrence Geoffrey=, LL.B., was born in Halifax, N.S., on

the 9th of August, 1841. His father, the late Mr. Patrick Power, was a

prominent figure in Nova Scotia politics and represented the county of

Halifax in the House of Commons from 1867 to 1878, with the exception of

the period between the general elections of 1872 and 1874. The subject

of this sketch began his school life at a day school taught in the

basement of St. Patrick’s church, at Halifax, by an old gentleman named

McDonald. This teacher having removed to an Acadian village called

Chezzetcooke, some twenty-four miles from the city, his pupil, then

eight years old, followed him, and remained under his care for about

nine months longer. Shortly after his return to Halifax he became a

pupil in St. Mary’s College, where he remained for some seven years.

Amongst his teachers during this time were the Very Rev. Monsignor

Power, lately deceased; the Rev. Canon Woods, now of Rockingham, Halifax

county; and the Rev. Joseph P. Roles, now a prominent personage in the

diocese of Chicago. Leaving Halifax in the Cunard steamer _Europa_, in

February, 1858, after short visits to London and some other English

cities, he entered St. Patrick’s Lay College, Carlow, Ireland, in the

middle of March. At the midsummer examination he took a good place; and

at the close of the next scholastic year, in July, 1859, the subject of

this sketch, with three others, went over to England and passed the

matriculation examination of the University of London. Two of the four

candidates, hailing respectively from Australia and India, were placed

in the second division, while a representative of Ireland and Mr. Power

succeeded in getting into the first. It was a somewhat curious

circumstance that one comparatively small Irish college should have sent

to the same examination, in London, four candidates, each representing a

separate continent. In October, 1859, Mr. Power matriculated at the

Catholic University of Ireland, and became an inmate of St. Patrick’s

House, Stephen’s Green, Dublin. Here he was a regular attendant at the

various lectures for students of his year, and passed the various

terminal examinations creditably. The long vacation of 1860 was spent in

France, and the ensuing scholastic year was devoted chiefly to

continuous and earnest study. At the close of the year he took the

degree of Scholar at the Catholic University, and was placed first in

each of the five classes in which he underwent terminal examinations. At

the conclusion of the Dublin examinations, Mr. Power went to London,

underwent the first B.A. examination in the University, and was placed

in the first division. He was also one of six successful candidates at

an examination for honors in Latin, held subsequently. While in Dublin,

Mr. Power was an active member and secretary of the Debating and

Literary Society conducted by the students of the University; and in

July, 1861, was the winner of a silver medal awarded for the best

English essay on a given historical subject. In a debate which had taken

place some time before, he could find only one member who agreed with

him in advocating the right of the Southern States to secede from the

American Union. In the month of October, 1861, he returned to Halifax,

and entered his father’s employ with a view of qualifying himself for

the business of a merchant. A few months’ experience satisfied him that

his vocation was not to mercantile life, and in the fall of 1862 he

began the study of the law as an articled clerk in the office of J. W. &

J. N. Ritchie. In the beginning of September, 1864, he became a student

at the Law School of Harvard College, where he received the degree of

Bachelor of Laws in January, 1866. Although not a hard student, he

attended the lectures of the professors of that day—Joel Parker, Emory

Washburn, and Theophilus Parsons—very regularly, and was generally

present at the meetings of the Law School Parliament, which met

fortnightly during term time. His first speech in this parliament was

shortly after his entering the Law School, when he stood up alone to

defend England against bitter attacks made upon her for the way in which

she discharged her duties as a neutral during the civil war in the

United States. As showing the American love of free speech, it may be

added that he spoke without interruption, and was applauded when he

closed. Among his class-mates at the Law School were Mr. Fairchild, now

secretary of the United States treasury, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr.,

at present a judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. Returning home

in January, 1866, he completed his course of legal study, and was

admitted to the bar in December of the same year. Since that time he has

continued to practise law in his native city. From an early day he took

a warm interest in politics, and before being admitted, wrote several

articles for the Halifax _Chronicle_ against the proposed confederation

of the British North American provinces. During several months after his

admission, he was a frequent editorial contributor to the _Chronicle_

and the _Citizen_. In 1867, and again in 1871 and 1875, he was elected

clerk assistant and clerk of bills to the House of Assembly of Nova

Scotia. In this capacity it was his lot to draw up several important

bills, including the Nova Scotia Medical Act, and the act defining the

powers and privileges of the Provincial Legislature. In 1869 he was

appointed a commissioner of schools for the city of Halifax, an office

which he filled for ten years. In 1870 he was elected an alderman for

ward Three, and served the usual term of three years. In 1874 he

re-entered the city council, where he remained until October, 1877. In

1873 and 1874 he took an active part in the preparation of the Fourth

Series of the Revised Statutes of Nova Scotia, and, in 1876, was

associated with the present minister of justice in the preparation of a

volume containing the laws and ordinances relating to the city of

Halifax. In the beginning of February, 1877, he was called to the Senate

to fill the vacancy caused by the non-attendance of Sir Edward Kenny.

This appointment Mr. Power had at first declined, but after further

consideration, decided to accept. The seat in the Senate was indirectly

the result of a letter over the signature, “An Ultramontane,” published

in the Toronto _Globe_, in March, 1876. This letter, which dealt with

the hostile attitude assumed by the then Bishop of Montreal (Monseigneur

Bourget), and some other Catholic prelates and clergymen, to the Liberal

party, attracted at the time of its publication much attention. Probably

his most important literary work since that time is “A Plea for the

Senate,” a defence of the House of which he is a member, contained in

two letters to the Toronto _Globe_, published in January and February,

1881. He is also the author of a paper entitled, “Vinland,” an account

of the Norse discovery of America, read before the Nova Scotia

Historical Society in the winter of 1887. Mr. Power drafted the charter

of the University of Halifax, established by statute in 1876, and from

that time until the practical extinction of the institution, owing to

the withdrawal of the provincial grant by the Holmes government, in

1879, was an active and prominent member of the senate of the

University, and an examiner in the Faculty of Law. Owing, in a great

measure, to the numerical weakness of the Liberal party in the Senate of

Canada, the subject of this sketch has, since his appointment, taken a

very active part in the business of the House and its committees. While

called upon to speak on subjects of every kind, he has given special

attention to constitutional questions, railways, and the fisheries.

Among his most important speeches may be mentioned one made in the

session of 1879, in which were pointed out, for the first time in

parliament, the many advantages of the Sault Ste. Marie route for a

railway to the North-West; one in 1880 against the Deceased Wife’s

Sister Bill; one in 1884 on the disproportion between the expenditure on

the Intercolonial Railway and the receipts from that work; one on the

question of Prohibition, and another on the route of the proposed “short

line” railway from Montreal to the Lower Provinces, in 1885; one made

during the discussion arising out of the proposal to take Senator

O’Donohoe into the Cabinet, in 1886; and one made in the session of 1887

on a resolution introduced by Mr. Power, and unanimously adopted by the

Senate, to the effect that in any negotiations for the admission of

United States fishermen to the territorial waters of Canada, care should

be taken that when admitted they should be subject to the laws and

regulations governing our own fishermen. Amongst other parliamentary

work done by the subject of this notice during recent years may be

mentioned the drafting of the Nova Scotia Married Woman’s Property Act,

which became law in 1884. Outside of politics, he has taken an active

interest in various local matters of a public character, and is now a

commissioner of schools for his native city; a commissioner of the

Provincial Library, a director of the Victoria School of Art; a director

of the Halifax Visiting Dispensary; one of the executive committee of

the Halifax Ratepayers’ Association; and a member of the Nova Scotia

Historical Society and of the Wanderers’ Athletic Association, as well

as of certain associations connected with the Roman Catholic church.

Although not a man of extreme views, but rather a conservative Liberal,

Mr. Power has been consistent and resolute in his loyalty to the Reform

party, and in his opposition to Liberal-Conservatism. His theory of

government is that each individual, each family, each hamlet, village,

town, city, county and province, should have the greatest liberty and

self-government consistent with the safety of the common country, and

that the business of government should be carried on according to the

same principles which are adopted by prudent men in managing their own

affairs. He thinks that the powers of the central government in Canada

are greater than they should be, and that the machinery of that

government is complicated, cumbrous, ineffective and expensive, to a

lamentable degree. If these defects and abuses were removed, and the

tariff framed in the interests of the mass of the population instead of

as now in the interests of a very small minority, he thinks that the

natural advantages of our country would ere long have the effect of

largely increasing our wealth, population, and our importance in the

eyes of the outside world. Mr. Power was married on the 23rd of June,

1880, to Susan, daughter of Mr. M. O’Leary, of Noodiquoddy, Halifax

county.

* * * * *

=McDonald, Rev. Clinton Donald=, B.A., B.L., B.D., M.A., Ph.B., B.Sc.,

Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Thorold, Ontario, was born in

the city of Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 17th June, 1842. His

father, Angus McDonald, and his mother, Mary McDonald, both belonged to

the Clan McDonald, of Glencoe, Inverness-shire, and had moved to Glasgow

shortly before the birth of their only son. In Glasgow, Angus McDonald,

a stalwart Highlander, over six feet in height, served for several years

in the city police force, and afterwards removed to the village of

Dalmuir, in Dumbartonshire, where he was employed in Tennant’s chemical

works, and here he died. Both his parents died before Clinton had seen

his tenth birthday, and thus the orphan boy, with his only sister, were

thrown upon the world to push their way the best they could. For five or

six years Clinton spent his time among the farmers in the parishes of

Old Kilpatrick, Cardross, and Row; and having saved a little money he

emigrated to Canada. Shortly after his arrival he found employment as a

farm hand in the county of Huron, and worked there for about three years

as such. Being addicted to no vices, steady, moral, and frugal in his

habits, he had in these few years acquired sufficient money to enable

him to obtain that which of all things he had long desired, namely, a

better education. With this object in view, he gathered together his

worldly possessions, and started from the backwoods of the township of

Hullett, and took up his abode in the town of Clinton. Here he entered

the public school, then taught by John McFaul, where he continued for a

year, and then spent another year in the High school taught by George

Argo, B.A. When he first entered school he had but the slightest

knowledge of geography and grammar, and only the most elementary rules

in arithmetic, yet at the end of these two years he had made such rapid

progress that, at the examination for teachers in the county of Huron,

he obtained a first class teachers’ certificate. He then took up

teaching as a profession, and for about two years successfully

prosecuted this work. But the desire for a still higher education had

taken such possession of his mind that he determined to still further

prosecute his studies. He entered Knox College, Toronto, and having

passed its full literary and classical courses, entered Toronto

University, and passed the first three of its five examinations in the

Arts course. Before completing the Arts course in the university he

entered the divinity hall of Knox College to study Theology, and on the

completion of this course he entered the ministry. During his college

course, which lasted about six years, the Rev. Mr. McDonald gained

marked distinction, and at the competitive examinations carried off so

many of the cash prizes that he was able thereby to pay all the costs of

his college career. In 1877, the congregation of the First Presbyterian

church of Thorold called the Rev. Mr. McDonald, who at that time had

charge of the Presbyterian church at Point Edward, near Sarnia, to

become its pastor, and since then the church has had a very successful

career. The population of Thorold, through the completion of certain

public works in its vicinity, is now about one thousand less than it was

when Rev. Mr. McDonald went there, yet though the number of people in

the town is much less, the number of members in the Presbyterian church

is much greater; that is, while the population has fallen from about

three thousand down to two thousand, yet the number of members in the

church has risen from ninety-nine up to one hundred and eighty. Looking

at the facts above stated, we may fairly conclude that Rev. Mr. McDonald

is evidently a man of push and perseverance, and we predict for him a

highly honourable career, such an one as must fall to the lot of a man

who has thus steadily worked himself up to his present position in the

church.

* * * * *

=Coldwell, Albert Edward=, M.A., Professor of Natural Science, Acadia

College, Wolfville, N.S., was born at Gaspereau, Kings county, N.S.,

September 18th, 1841. The Coldwell family is of English origin, the

family name in its present form having been handed down for some

centuries. Mr. Coldwell’s great-great-grandfather came to Nova Scotia

from New England and took up lands in the beautiful valley of the

Gaspereau. Many of his descendants are now living in the immediate

vicinity. Our subject’s father was Ebenezer Coldwell and his mother Mary

Stevens, also a well known family in Nova Scotia. Mr. Coldwell’s

maternal uncle, Rev. James Stevens, was widely known and respected, not

only in Nova Scotia but outside of it, as a prominent member of the

Baptist ministry, up to the time of his death which occurred at a ripe

old age. Mr. Coldwell was educated at Horton Collegiate Academy and

Acadia College. He pursued the general classical course, graduating B.A.

(with honours) in 1869. At the end of Sophomore year he won the monthly

essay prize and in his senior year the Alumni essay prize of $40 open to

all undergraduates. Obtained his M.A. degree in 1872. In 1877, Mr.

Coldwell won the Vaughan prize of £20 sterling for the best essay on the

History of Acadia College. This history is published in the memorial

volume issued by the college in 1881, and apart from its historical

value is a gem of literary excellence. Prof. Coldwell has not been

satisfied with education derived from books alone, but has travelled

somewhat extensively and thereby came into immediate contact with the

scholars of other countries. For a short time he resided in London,

making the most of his opportunities, and he is also familiar with the

centres of thought in the eastern and middle States. It is scarcely

necessary to add that he is a Baptist. He also married into a well known

family of that denomination, his wife being Jessie, a daughter of W. J.

Higgins, and niece of Professor Higgins, of Acadia College, and also of

Rev. Dr. Higgins, pastor of the Wolfville Baptist Church. In January,

1871, Mr. Coldwell was appointed instructor in mathematics in Horton

Collegiate Academy, which post he filled until 1882, when he was

appointed instructor in Natural Science in Acadia College. In June,

1884, he was appointed professor in that department, which position he

still holds. Prof. Coldwell’s reputation does not rest alone upon his

connection with Acadia, but in consequence of the special attention he

has given to science studies since graduating he is rapidly gaining a

name for himself in the scientific world.

* * * * *

=Spencer, Charles Worthington=, Montreal, general superintendent eastern

division Canadian Pacific Railway, was born on the 31st October, 1857,

at Kemptville, Ont. He would confer no small service on mankind, and

especially on that portion of it which constitutes the business world of

our modern civilization, who would set forth, in the form of “brief

biographies,” the stages by which men attain success in the various

walks of active life. Soldiers, statesmen, _litterateurs_, men of

science, scholars, and churchmen, who have achieved distinction, rarely

lack pens to celebrate their courage, their genius, their learning and

their discoveries. Their names become household words in the professions

or occupations by which they have risen to fame, so that those who

succeed them in the same path of effort are at no loss for examples by

which to shape their own careers. In the vast range of multifarious

activity—the world of commerce and skilled industry, the world of

railroads and steamships, to which our age is mainly indebted for its

practical progress—it is unfortunately otherwise. Hundreds of the men

who have blessed their kind while advancing their own interest—who have

opened up new fields of human labor, who have broadened the realm of

trade, and, by inventions, adaptations and administrative talent, have

brought communities, severed by thousands of miles, into friendly

contiguity, and given facility, safety and comfort to the intercourse

between nation and nation—have been allowed to pass away with hardly a

record of their existence, and still oftener without any worthy memorial

of their services to their fellowmen. To the young man just beginning

life; such a biographical collection, based on the careers of men who by

the faithful and conscientious use of natural and acquired advantages

had won for themselves a name and position in their chosen path of

endeavors, would be of untold value. He would learn what qualities to

accentuate, what dangers to avoid, how best to avail himself of

opportunities as they offered, and, in time, how, by serving faithfully,

to fit himself eventually for the task of supervision and command. When

such a work, or series of works (as this), is given to the public, there

is one name which it is sure to include in its list of examples, that

which stands at the head of this memoir. Charles Worthington Spencer,

general superintendent of the eastern division of the Canadian Pacific

Railway, has the peculiar distinction of being the youngest man in his

profession who fills so high and responsible a position. To what gifts

and energies he owes his promotion those who have the pleasure of his

acquaintance need not be informed. Able, courteous, with a mental grasp

that can take in wide surveys, without at the same time neglecting

details, he has risen step by step to the exalted place which he

occupies with a rapidity rarely, if ever, paralleled on any of our great

American lines. Mr. Spencer, at the present time, 1888, is only in his

thirty-first year. He entered the railway service on the 7th day of May,

1871, and was operator and clerk at the Ottawa station until May, 1874,

when he became assistant agent. He then passed successively through the

stages of assistant train despatcher, chief train despatcher, traffic

superintendent, assistant superintendent, and assistant general

superintendent. From 1st August, 1884, to 30th April, 1885, he was

assistant general superintendent of the eastern division; from the

latter date to 27th September, 1886, he was assistant general

superintendent of the eastern and Ontario divisions. From the latter

date to 25th September, 1887, he was acting general superintendent of

the same division. On the date last mentioned he received the important

appointment which he still holds, that of general superintendent of the

eastern division. The whole of Mr. Spencer’s experience was gained in

Canada, and in connection with the great enterprise to which he is still

so honorably attached. If Canada has reason to be proud of her industry

and commerce, which of late have so grand a development, she owes her

progress in those respects to her great public works and improvements,

her chain of canals and net-work of railways, which same have made

inter-communication possible. Of these, the C. P. R. takes the

acknowledged lead, and of the men to whom that great route is indebted

for that perfection of equipment and administration which have won it

the public confidence at home and the admiration of foreigners, not the

least worthy of grateful recognition is Charles Worthington Spencer.

* * * * *

=Tetreau, Rev. F.=, was born at St. Hyacinthe, on October 11th, 1819.

His parents were honest farmers. Left an orphan when very young, his

grandparents carefully watched over his earliest education. At the age

of twelve years, under the kind and generous protection of the curé of

his parish, he entered and commenced his classical studies at the St.

Hyacinthe College, and there terminated them with great success in 1838,

in the midst of such distinguished men as the present

Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario and the Archbishop of St. Boniface. After

mature reflection, this young philosopher became a priest, and

consecrated his life to the care and instruction of the young of that

institution, which so deservedly merited all his gratitude and devotion.

One day his bishop remarked to him, “Be a pillar of the seminary.” This

remark became an order, accepted and carried out in its fullest extent.

For more than half a century the “pillar” has been in its place, and has

only bowed to the inevitable march of time, and Providence has blessed

him, and crowned his ripe years with success. The aged priest has the

energy and ardor of his younger days, leading a uniform life, and

filling all the necessary duties of a college professor. He has

practised in his deportment the ascetic maxim, “_Ama nesciri et pro

nihilo reputari_.” This maxim did not prevent him keeping up kindly

relations with his brothers in religion or his old pupils, all deeply

attached to the cradle of their intellectual life. He was also much

interested in the young writers of St. Hyacinthe, as well as elsewhere,

Oscar Dunn being one of those of whom he retains an intimate and

indelible remembrance. Who knows but that the old priest, in the

exuberance of his youth, was guilty of many press delinquencies? Whether

he was on the side of the press or not, it is certain he has written a

great deal. Since 1849 he has chronicled, collected and made note of

every event of importance which has taken place in the world,

particularly in Canada, but more especially at St. Hyacinthe and the

college. As every change occurs, it has been carefully committed to

writing day by day, and these memoirs in the future will serve as a

foundation for local history. Those who have had the privilege of seeing

the manuscript agree that it is most valuable. After this short and

condensed notice, it will easily be understood that the Rev. F. Tetreau

has been one of the useful workers of this earth, and his life a general

benefit to his fellow-creatures, always practising the maxim, “_Ama

nesciri et pro nihilo reputari_.”

* * * * *

=Fry, Edward Carey= (Henry Fry & Co., of Quebec) was born in Bristol,

the commercial capital of the west of England, on the 24th June, 1842.

Although, like many others of our prominent men in the various walks of

life, the subject of our sketch was not born in Canada, he is,

nevertheless, by commercial training, more than thirty years’ residence

in the country, and also by marriage, a typical Anglo-Canadian. He is

one of the leading members of Quebec commercial society. His parents

were of the middle class in life, but still possessed of sufficient

means to give their numerous family the elements of a good sound English

commercial education. His surname at once suggests some connection with

the Society of Friends commonly known as “Quakers,” and with good

reason, for his immediate ancestors were certainly of that denomination,

while there is little doubt that those more remote were of the band who

left England for these shores to avoid religious persecution, and who

appear to have settled in New Brunswick, as the name is well known

around St. Stephen’s to this day. In fact, when Mr. Fry’s elder brother,

Henry, first landed there in 1853, the first person to address him bore

exactly the same name as himself, and with little difficulty they traced

their descent to a common ancestor. A Peter Fry left New Brunswick and

settled in the county of Somerset, England, where he became the founder

of that branch of the family, and numerous are the mural tablets in the

picturesque village churches of that county to the memory of different

members of this family, who seem to have been held in the highest

respect, as was its founder, of whom the following is recorded in marble

in the parish church of Axbridge, Somerset:—

“To the Memory of

PETER FRY,

Who resigned his spirit

into the hands of his

Redeemer, 21st September, 1787,

Aged 52 years.

That his example may be

a light to others

Let this stone record his

virtues.

In transacting business

he showed great ability

and clear understanding

and a sound judgment.

He was much trusted and

never betrayed a trust;

yet his inviolable integrity

was tempered with the

gentlest humanity.

In social life, he was

benevolent, friendly

and charitable.

In his domestic connexions,

prudent, affectionate,

and tender.

In his commerce with God,

in whom he placed a

truly Christian confidence,

humble, pious and resigned.

Reader,

‘Go and do thou likewise.’”

George Fry, the father of our subject, though not a member of the

Society of Friends, was educated in one of their schools, and a certain

amount of quiet reserve, sedateness, and plainness of speech descended

from the father to several of his sons, who are still apt to call a

spade a “spade” and not an “agricultural implement.” Mr. Edward Carey

Fry received his education at the grammar school of Bristol, a city

famous for its schools, and by the time he had received all that his

friends could give him in that respect, his elder brother Henry had

become a Canadian ship-owner, while several of his other brothers were

at sea. It was decided that the boy, Edward, should follow their example

and he was accordingly apprenticed to Henry and served some time in one

of his ships, the well known old _Lotus_. Although by this means he

acquired a knowledge of the sea and of ships, which has since been very

valuable to him in his capacity of Lloyd’s Agent, life in a timber ship

was necessarily distasteful to a lad of his stamp and, as it was seen,

that by education and a certain amount of refinement he was more fitted

for his brother’s office in Quebec than for the forecastle of a timber

ship, the change was made. There the business portion of his education

commenced, progressed, and was completed under his brother’s fostering

care, so that for experience of Canadian timber and shipping matters and

especially of all that concerns the port of Quebec and its trade, he is

probably excelled by none. He was finally taken into partnership by Mr.

Henry Fry, a connection only to be dissolved by the lamented break-down

of the latter gentleman’s health owing to overwork very largely

honorary, philanthropic, and for the welfare of his fellow citizens of

Quebec, by whom no one was more highly respected or deservedly

regretted. The business has since been carried on by Mr. Edward Carey

Fry, under the old and honoured name. After becoming a citizen of

Quebec, Mr. Edward Fry added to his previous ties by marrying Elizabeth,

the daughter of the Revd. David Marsh, the well-known and esteemed

Baptist minister of Quebec, who, like her young husband, was born in

England, though transplanted to this country at a very early age. They

have a large family of bright, intelligent boys and girls, undoubtedly

showing in their physique their Anglo-Saxon origin, but Canadian born

and with all the advantages of education that an excellent school system

can supply. Mr. Fry has been associated from infancy with the Baptist

church. In fact he was named after the great Baptist missionary, Edward

Carey, and, as a child, attended Broadmead Baptist chapel, Bristol, well

known to the religious world as having been the scene of the labours of

Drs. Robert Hall, Foster, and Evans, whose names are historical. In

politics, like his elder brother, it is understood that he declines to

be tied to any party, his motto being “measures, not men,” and that he

will support either side when he believes they are acting honestly for

the welfare of his adopted country. If he has a bias, it is believed to

be in favour of perfect liberty and equality in religion, politics and

commerce, which is only what might be expected from one not very

remotely connected with the freedom-loving Society of Friends. At one

time his firm was largely interested in the timber business, but this

branch has been abandoned by it for some years and its time and

attention are now wholly devoted to shipping and commission. Mr. Fry’s

position as Lloyd’s Agent and agent for other British and continental

underwriters at Quebec, and representing, as he does, several large

ship-owning houses, both sail and steam, have given him an extensive and

unique experience in getting vessels and cargoes out of difficulties at

the least possible cost to all concerned. Like most Quebecers, who have

commercial relations with England, he takes periodical trips to his

native land. In fact, he has crossed the Atlantic at least fifty times,

and it must be said to the credit of his filial affection and sense of

patriotism that he never allows his business on such occasions to

prevent him, when in England, from paying a visit of love and reverence

to the home of his ancestors in Somersetshire, and especially to his

father’s native place, the pretty village of Winscombe, where,

notwithstanding the march of modern improvement, all is still rustic

simplicity. The beautiful old church, with its wealth of historic

associations from the days of the Crusaders downwards, and its

picturesque churchyard, which commands a series of views of a lovely

country and contains one of the finest yew trees in England, are still

just as his father knew them in his youth. Time has not perceptibly

changed them; but the spot, more than all others, which always interests

the son, is that immediately in front of the font in the sacred edifice,

on which his father was held for baptism over a hundred years ago. On

one of his visits to Winscombe church, Mr. Fry had the pleasure of

examining its old register and has now in his possession a certified

copy of his father’s baptismal record—a quaint interesting memorial of

the past in the old English way of writing. It shows that the old man

was born as far back as 1783, or seventeen years before the beginning of

the present century, and it can be readily imagined that many notable

events in the world’s history were embraced within the recollection of

one whose span of existence was prolonged down to our own times in 1868.

Mr. Fry still vividly recalls listening at his father’s knee to his

stories of his long life, how he could just remember hearing in his

boyhood the startling news of the execution of Louis XVI. and his queen

Marie Antoinette, and how, as his memory became more vigorous with his

growth, he retained more vivid impressions with regard to the battles of

the Nile, St. Vincent, and Trafalgar, the nation’s mourning for Nelson,

and the times of privateering in which Bristol took a very prominent

part, and when wheat was nevertheless a guinea a bushel in the midst of

all the ill-gotten wealth of that day. “Fine times those were for the

landlords and farmers”—used the old man to say—“but the common people

were reduced to the verge of starvation.” And he often added that,

though he had probably outlived all the leading spirits of those

privateering days, he could not remember any case in which the money so

acquired appeared to have done any real good, and that he hoped to see

the day when, in time of war, the rights of inoffensive private property

would be respected and privateers receive the only rights to which, in

his opinion, they were entitled—a good rope at the yard-arm as pirates.

Other milestones in his memory, on which he frequently loved to descant

for the benefit of his children, were the days of the Regency, the

battle of Waterloo, the death of Napoleon, the trial of Queen Caroline,

whose husband he thought a sensual brute, though he was styled “the

first gentleman in Europe;” the passing of the Reform Bill, the

opposition to which by the member for Bristol, Sir Charles Wetherall,

contrary to the wishes of his constituents, caused fearful riots and

loss of life in that city, the second and even the third French

revolution, the abolition of slavery under the British flag in 1834, the

accession and marriage of Queen Victoria, the abolition of the corn

laws, and the abandonment by Great Britain of protection for the

benefits of a vigorous free trade policy. It is scarcely necessary to

say that these stirring reminiscences made a deep impression on young

Fry’s mind and that, while as a man to-day his preference is for his

adopted country and his faith strong in the greatness of its future, he

still yields to none either in love for Old England or in unswerving

adherence in public and private to the sturdy principles of rectitude

which seem to have been so marked a characteristic of his worthy father.

Ability and uprightness in business and straightforwardness in all

things have won for him the respect of his fellow-citizens of Quebec,

and few are held in higher or more deserved estimation by all classes of

the population. Mr. Fry is a member of the Quebec Board of Trade, and,

though adverse to accepting any prominent position in that or any other

public body, because, owing to the demands of his business, he cannot

give to them all the requisite time and attention, he nevertheless ever

takes a deep and watchful interest in all that concerns the public good,

whether in a commercial, municipal, political or religious sense, and

can always be counted on to do his duty intelligently and as a good

citizen when necessary.

* * * * *

=Ogden, Charles Kinnis=, Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, was born at

Three Rivers, on the 11th of February, 1829. He is a son of Isaac

Governeur Ogden, who was for forty years sheriff of the district of

Three Rivers, and also served as captain in H.M. 56th Regiment, and in

another regiment with Colonel De Salaberry. His grandfather was the Hon.

Isaac Ogden, judge of the Superior Court, Montreal, and a U. E.

loyalist, who was driven out of his possessions in New Jersey by Gen.

George Washington, in 1775, his lands being all confiscated on account

of his loyalty to the British Crown. The city of New Jersey is now

situated in the centre of his farm, but from which the Ogden family

receive no income. Mr. Ogden is a nephew of the late Charles Richard

Ogden, attorney-general under Sir John Colborne’s administration, in

1837. He is also a nephew of the late William Walker, advocate, of

Montreal, who defended the patriots in 1837, and who was a direct

descendant of the celebrated Walker who defended Derry during the ever

memorable siege. Another uncle was Peter Skene Ogden, who was at one

time in business with the celebrated John Jacob Astor, later becoming a

partner in the North-West Fur Company, which afterwards amalgamated with

the Hudson Bay Company, when he took the position of chief factor, and

had charge of Vancouver and Oregon, at the time of the cession of the

latter to the U.S. government, which was represented on the occasion of

the transfer by General Grant. The subject of this sketch was educated

at Lennoxville, P.Q., under the Rev. Mr. Doolittle, also at the high

school, Montreal, under the Rev. Mr. Simpson. He has been postmaster of

Three Rivers for many years; has also been in the telegraph and

insurance business, and was local agent of the Hon. Hudson Bay Company.

He was chiefly instrumental in building a fine rectory for the English

church clergyman at Three Rivers; he also erected a fine building which

was used by the telegraph and insurance companies, and as a post office,

but which is now used as a private residence, Sir Hector L. Langevin,

C.B., having induced the government to build a post office in Three

Rivers, which is an honor to the city. Mr. Ogden has never had any

connection with any secret or political societies, and he has always

been liberal and conservative in his views, without prejudice to any

one. He is a valued and consistent member of the Episcopal church. He

was married in 1865, to Rosina Meyer, daughter of William B. Meyer,

merchant, of Quebec, and niece of the Rev. Mr. Aldriche, rector of

Ipswich, England.

* * * * *

=Howard, Robert Palmer=, M.D., L.R.C.S.E., Montreal, was born in the

city of Montreal, on the 12th January, 1823. His parents, Robert Howard

and Margaret Kent, were natives of Ireland, and had settled in Montreal

some years before their son Robert was born—Mr. Howard carrying on

business as a merchant. The subject of this sketch was educated in

Montreal, and studied medicine in the McGill University and in Great

Britain and France. Returning from Europe in 1849, he practised his

profession in his native city as a “general practitioner” till the year

1880, when he gave up the practice of surgery and confined his

attendance to the work of the pure physician. He was appointed Professor

of Clinical Medicine in the McGill University in 1856, and on the death

of Dr. Holmes, in 1860, succeeded to the chair of Theory and Practice of

Medicine in the same institution, which position he still occupies. Two

years ago the degree of LL.D., _honoris causa_, was conferred upon him

by the University, in which he has been a professor for thirty-four

years, and dean of its medical faculty for six years. In the course of

his career he has held several of the offices indicative of professional

standing and responsibility. Dr. Howard has been president of the Canada

Medical Association; president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons

of Quebec; and president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal.

He is one of the vice-presidents of the Association of American

Physicians. This year (1887), on the occasion of the celebration of the

Centennial Anniversary of the College of Physicians, of Philadelphia, he

was made Fellow of that distinguished body. For twenty-two years he was

one of the attending physicians and surgeons of the Montreal General

Hospital, and has been the secretary of that institution for

thirty-three years. For the greater part of his professional life in his

capacity as a member of the Board of Governors of the Medical Council of

his native province, he has endeavoured to elevate the standard of

medical education and requirements, and for several years laboured

earnestly, but unhappily in vain, with many of the leading physicians in

Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec, to bring about a General

Medical Council for the Dominion of Canada. He is a member of the Church

of England, and has been twice married. First in 1855, to Mary Frances

Chipman, daughter of the late Judge Chipman, of Halifax, N.S., by whom

he had one son, R. J. B. Howard, M.A., F.R.C.S., Eng., who is associated

with his father in the practice of his profession, and is engaged in

teaching practical anatomy in McGill College. He married in 1872. His

second wife is Emily, daughter of the late Thomas Severs, of London,

England, and they have had two sons and two daughters born to them,

three of whom are living. A physician thus puts on record his estimation

of Dr. Howard’s position and work: “The life of a man of such unceasing

industry as Dr. Howard, may be considered from many aspects. As an

author he has contributed largely to medical literature during the past

thirty years. His studies on pneumonia, phthisis and on heart disease,

have made him a recognized authority in the profession. The work on

anæmia, which he prepared for the International Medical Congress in

1876, was one of the earliest and remains one of the most important

contributions to the subject. The elaborate articles on rheumatism and

allied affections published in the _System of Medicine_, by American

authors, 1885, are perhaps the most exhaustive in the English language.

The Canadian and American journals contain many lesser contributions

from his pen. As a teacher, Dr. Howard has been eminently successful.

For some years he held the position of Professor of Clinical Medicine in

McGill University, and in 1861, on the death of Dr. Holmes, was

transferred to the chair of medicine, which he still occupies.

Painstaking industry at the bed-side, a clear, logical mind, a forcible

and impressive delivery, combined to make Dr. Howard a model hospital

teacher, and his course of didactic lectures on medicine is the most

thorough and complete with which the writer is acquainted.” For years

Dr. Howard has been a zealous advocate of higher medical education, and

to his energy and perseverance is due the endowment of the McGill

medical faculty, as well as many other improvements. In the long

struggle to establish the Medical Board of the province of Quebec, on a

proper basis, Dr. Howard has been very active, and for many years has

been the prominent English representative. As a practitioner, Dr. Howard

has been exceptionally successful and for years he has been the leading

medical consultant in the Dominion. His reputation as a careful observer

and close student has gained for him the confidence of the profession in

an unusual degree. A kindly, sympathetic manner, scrupulous attention to

details and exceptional skill and judgment in the management of cases,

have combined to give the laity implicit trust in his opinion. Important

and enduring has been Dr. Howard’s influence upon the groups of students

which have come under his care and upon the men who have been fortunate

enough to be his _confrères_. Unselfish to a fault, keenly zealous for

the welfare of the profession, enthusiastic as a youth, he has—perhaps

unconsciously to himself—impressed all with whom he came in contact

with the earnestness of life, the nobility of work, and the dignity of

his calling.

* * * * *

=Pope, Edwin=, Superintendent of the Great North-Western Telegraph

Company, Quebec, was born at Kingston, Ontario, on the 14th of March,

1843. His father was the late Major Pope, who was for many years

provincial store-keeper at Montreal. His mother was Maria Craig. He

removed with his parents successively to Montreal and Quebec. He was

educated in the latter city, and resided there for several years, in the

employ of the Montreal Telegraph Company. In 1862 he was transferred to

the company’s Toronto office; and in 1863, at the early age of twenty

years, was sent to Watertown, N.Y., as superintendent in charge of the

company’s line in the State of New York. In 1866 he was promoted to the

still more important and responsible position of the company’s

superintendent at Quebec, and was reappointed to the same position in

1881, when the lines were consolidated under the Great North-Western

Telegraph Company. He still holds this office, and enjoys the general

respect of the population of the ancient capital for his courtesy and

blameless life. Mr. Pope is a member of the Church of England, and holds

office in various organizations connected therewith, and in other local

societies. In 1864 he married Mary Margaret, fifth daughter of Robert

McClure, of Toronto, and by her has had issue eight children.

* * * * *

=Amherst, Lord Jeffery.=—Lord Amherst, who commanded the British army

at the surrender of Montreal in September, 1760, one of the bravest

officers that ever the nation had the great good fortune to possess, was

born in Kent, England, on the 29th January, 1717. He was the second son

of Jeffery Amherst, of Riverhead, in Kent, barrister-at-law, and

Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Kerrill, of Hadlow, Co. Kent, who had four

sons and two daughters. Sackville died unmarried, in 1763; Jeffery, the

subject of our sketch; John, an admiral in the Royal Navy; and William,

lieut.-general in the army, A.D.C. to the King, lieut.-governor of

Portsmouth, governor of St. John’s, Newfoundland, and adj.-general of

his Majesty’s forces; Elizabeth and Margaret. A pedigree extant deduces

the family of Amherst from the Saxon era. Hamo de Herst is mentioned by

Phillpot, to be flourishing in the second year of Edward III. In the

next reign, Richard II., the name appears by record to be written,

Amherst of Amherst, they (according to Collins) having dropped the

Norman _de_ and the aspirate H. Jeffery, Lord Amherst, in his childhood

was noted for displaying great fondness for military life, and at that

early period gave all his attention to the performance of martial

evolutions. His father, observing his strong predilections, was induced

to present him to one of his relatives, who was a captain. The sparkling

eyes, speaking countenance, and significant manners of the young

aspirant, recommended him highly to his superior officers, and at the

age of fourteen he received an ensign’s commission in the Guards. Having

distinguished himself on several occasions by his modest, prudent, and

calm conduct, as well as by his valor, and constant attention to duty,

he was, in 1741, appointed General Legonier’s _aide-de-camp_. In this

high capacity he continued to serve in the German fields, and thus was

present at the battles of Düttingen, Fontenoy, and Rocoux. He was at the

side of the Duke of Cumberland, as _aide-de-camp_ in the battle of

Lauffeldt. On that remarkable day, young officer Amherst noticed and

appreciated the celebrated James Wolfe, whose enthusiastic devotion and

spirited bravery on the same field, drew forth the thanks of the Duke of

Cumberland. No sooner had Pitt established himself in office, than he

conceived the plan of an attack against the French colonies in America.

This statesman had discovered in Colonel Amherst sound sense, steady

courage, and an active genius. He therefore recalled him from Germany,

and setting aside military forms, promoted him to the rank of

major-general, and gave him the command of the troops sent against

Louisbourg, Cape Breton. Hon. Edward Boscawen was chosen admiral of the

fleet. Equipments were made with great zeal, and on February 19th, 1758,

the armament sailed from Portsmouth, for Halifax. General Amherst’s

army, which was almost exclusively British regulars, was put in motion,

being divided into three brigades, under the Brigadier-Generals

Whitmore, Lawrence, and Wolfe. On the 2nd of June, the armament arrived

off Cape Breton. The troops were landed near Fresh Water Cove (Comoran

Creek), four miles from the town. In a few days the British triumphed

over every obstacle, and Amherst entered the city, July 26th, and took

possession of the whole island of Cape Breton. Many illustrious persons

were present at this victorious scene. Among whom were James Wolfe, the

noble hero, who so gloriously fell on the Plains of Abraham, and whose

daring skill even then excited great admiration; James Murray, the first

British governor of Quebec; Commodore Durrell, the young Earl of

Dundonald, who commanded the Grenadiers of the 12th Regiment, and the

renowned Captain Cooke, then serving as a petty officer on board a ship

of war. There were also Lord Rollo, Major Darling, etc., and Amherst the

moving spirit, whose wisdom and energy had enshrined his name in the

grateful affections of his countrymen. Amherst wished to follow up his

success by pushing forward with his whole army to Quebec, but the

engagement at Louisbourg, through the protracted defence of the skilful

French governor, Mr. Drucour, delayed the forces of Amherst too long, so

that a descent upon Canada was impracticable that year. Amherst sailed

for Boston the last of August, and from thence pushed on through the

wilderness to Lake George, where he left seasonable supplies with

Abercrombie, and returned to Boston, and then to Halifax, to await

orders from the British government. Abercrombie endeavored to sustain

himself against the French troops to Ticonderoga, but was defeated near

this place, and here fell the gallant and good Lord Howe, and with him

seemed to pass away the energy and spirit of the army. In this year Fort

Duquesne was captured, and the British officers with unanimous consent

changed the name of the Fort to Pittsburg; a well-earned compliment to

the minister who planned the conquest of that large country. With this

expedition concluded the campaign of 1758. Early in 1759 Amherst was

appointed commander-in-chief of the British North American armies in

place of Abercrombie, who sailed for England the 24th of January

following. For the next campaign, Pitt decided upon nearly the same plan

of operations, which had partially succeeded before. The main body of

the British army was assembled upon the shores of Lake George, being

destined to penetrate Canada by the River Richelieu, and occupy

Montreal. When Pitt cast his eyes over the maps of the western world and

traced its net work of lakes and rivers, noted its far stretching

wilderness of forests, so solemn, and almost impenetrable, and

remembered the resources of the brave Montcalm, we should expect his

zeal to have cooled, but he thought only of Wolfe and Amherst, and was

sure of success. According to the plan, Amherst left New York April

28th, 1759, and arrived in Albany, May 3rd, to pursue the great plan of

the campaign. An alarming spirit of desertion broke out among the

militia, but Amherst’s promptness soon quelled it, and a great part of

the army, with artillery and stores, arrived and encamped on the woody

shores of Lake George, 21st June, and on 21st July, notwithstanding the

heat of the weather, all was made ready, and troops and stores were

embarked upon the lakes. Amherst took Fort Ticonderoga[1] from the

French, and repaired it, and gave orders to increase the naval force on

the lake. Then Crown Point was to be overcome. It was formerly called

Point-a-la-Chevelure, situated about eighteen miles north of

Ticonderoga. It was soon abandoned by the enemy, and Amherst took

possession of it on the 4th of August, thus securing two important

forts. On the 16th of August, he learned that the French were so

strongly intrenched in Isle-aux-Noix, as to prevent him from joining

Wolfe’s army before Quebec, and he was forced to remain inactive until

October, although every hour was precious. He succeeded in crossing the

lake on October 18th, when he learned that the fate of Quebec had been

decided, and it was an honorable trait in the character of Amherst that,

in his despatches, he allowed his brigadier the full credit of the

action. From the uncommonly sickly state of his provincials, he was

forced to prepare for the inglorious quiet of winter-quarters at Crown

Point.[2] The next year, Amherst left New York with part of his army and

proceeded to Oswego. He was followed by General Gage, and soon assembled

his army on the shores of Lake Ontario, from whence he descended the St.

Lawrence upon the enemy’s capital, leaving Lake Champlain to Colonel

Haviland, whilst General Murray with the disposable portion of the

garrison of Quebec, was to push up the St. Lawrence. On September 6th,

the splendid army landed at Montreal, and invested it in form. On the

8th, the Marquis of Vaudreuil, who commanded in Montreal, signed the

capitulation, and the whole of Canada became a British province. French

troops were conveyed to France in British ships, and the Canadian

militia allowed to return peaceably to their homes. The French colonists

were guaranteed the same civil privileges as British subjects, and the

free enjoyment of their customs, and laws. In the meantime the Island of

Newfoundland having fallen into the hands of the enemy, General Amherst

dispatched a sufficient force for the recovery of it, under the command

of his brother, Colonel William Amherst, whose expedition was completely

successful. The general now returned to New York, then the English

capital of North America, where he was greeted with the strongest tokens

of gratitude and respect, and whither, also, the thanks of the House of

Commons had been transmitted to him from London. Thus General Amherst

planned and executed an undertaking of the most striking interest. In

1761, he was appointed Knight of the Bath. He continued to command in

America until 1764, when he returned to England. He was in reality the

first British governor-general of Canada, Gage, Murray, Burton and

Haldimand, being sub-governors only.[3] In 1771, he was appointed

governor of Guernsey, where he gave a high idea of his talents as

administrator. His venerable Sovereign George III., created him Baron

Amherst, of Holmsdale, in the county of Kent in 1776, and two years

later his lordship was constituted commander-in-chief of his Majesty’s

land forces in Great Britain. In 1782, he received the gold stick from

the king, but on the change of the administration, the command of the

army and the lieutenant-generalship of the ordnance were put into other

hands. In 1788, he received another patent of peerage as Baron Amherst,

of Montreal, county Kent. In January 1793, he was again appointed to the

command of the army in Great Britain, but in 1795, this veteran and very

deserving officer, was superseded by H.R.H., the Duke of York, the

second son of the king, who was only in the thirty-first year of his

age, and had never seen any actual service. The government on this

occasion, with a view to soothe the feelings of the old general, offered

him an earldom, and the rank of field-marshal, both of which he at that

time rejected. The office of field-marshal, however, he accepted in July

1796. He was formally thanked by parliament. A succession of honors

attended him until the period of his death, which took place in his

castle in Kent, August 3rd, 1797, at the age of eighty years. Thus the

first barony expired, but the second devolved according to the

limitation of the patent, upon his nephew, William Pitt Amherst, the

first earl, who was afterwards ambassador to China, and governor general

of India. The Amherst family seats are Montreal and Knole, near

Sevenoaks, Kent, and the Motto “_Constantia et virtute_.” His career was

wonderfully brilliant and successful. His time and talents had been

devoted to military duty from his early years, and the history of his

life beautifully illustrates the truth, that unbending application to

any pursuit, will assuredly be crowned with success, and also reminds

us, that neither exalted station, nor high enjoyment of life, can exempt

from the power of death. The veteran of many battles and victories must

at last resign his commission, and join the ranks of the spirit land. At

that hour, all scenes of earthly magnificence, and pomp, and the

glorious voice of renown, that had so often thrilled his soldier-heart,

faded and grew silent, and the untold sublimity of an eternal existence

asserted its sway. Happy was the great general, in his dying hour, that

he could look with confidence to the great Being, “by whom king’s reign

and princes decree justice.” He was twice married, first to Jane, only

daughter of Thomas Dalison, of Hampton, in Kent; and secondly, to

Elizabeth, eldest daughter of General the Hon. George Cary, and niece of

Viscount Falkland, but left no children.

-----

[1] “_Chi-on-der-o-ga_ means great noise (say the Indians). It was near

Fort Carrillon of the French, built and occupied by them in 1756, and

was a strong post. Its ruins are seen in Essex county, N.Y., and are

annually visited by a great number of travellers.” A few years ago the

compiler of this sketch picked up a couple of rough hand-made bullets on

the battle field (where a heavy rain had washed away the turf) which

must have lain hidden there for more than 100 years, since her

great-granduncle, Sir Jeffery Amherst took Fort Ticonderoga.

[2] A stone, forming part of the wall of the old fort there, bears

Amherst’s monogram and the date, 1759, at the present day.

[3] _Vide_—“l’Histoire du Canada,” by F. X. Garneau, book eleventh.

* * * * *

=Smith, Rev. John=, Erskine Church, Toronto, was born in Armagh,

Ireland, on the 28th March, 1824, and died on the 20th January, 1888,

after a few hours’ illness. He came to Canada with his parents in 1827,

and spent the earlier part of his life in the neighborhood of Brampton,

where his brother, Robert Smith, ex-M.P. for Peel, still resides. Mr.

Smith entered Knox College as a student in 1845, and after completing

his course of study was in due time licensed, and very shortly

thereafter settled in Bowmanville, where for twenty-four years he made

full proof of his ministry, and secured and retained the respect and

affection not only of those more immediately under his pastoral charge,

but of the general community in which he lived. In 1875 he received and

accepted a call from what was then known as the Bay Street Presbyterian

Church, in Toronto. In this charge he was permitted to labor, until his

demise, with great assiduity, and with an encouraging amount of success.

The congregation, when Mr. Smith was called, was comparatively a

handful, but under his faithful ministrations it made great progress

both in numbers and influence. In 1878, under his leadership, it erected

a fine new church at the head of Simcoe street, which was named “Erskine

Church,” and here Christian work in all its departments has been

constantly carried on with ever-growing energy and success. In addition

to performing with characteristic fidelity and zeal all the duties of

the pastoral office which he held, Mr. Smith showed himself to be a

public-spirited citizen, who was ready to do all in his power for the

best interests of the country and city in which his lot was cast. He was

specially earnest in the work of temperance, and spared neither trouble

nor toil in his efforts to put a stop to the ravages of strong drink.

Mr. Smith was married in 1851, shortly after his settlement in

Bowmanville, to Elizabeth McArthur, of West Gwillimbury, sister of F. F.

McArthur, of Bowmanville, by whom he had a family of seven children. The

widow and four children survive him.

* * * * *

=Parker, Rev. William Robert=, M.A., D.D., Toronto, Ontario, was born in

West Gwillimbury, county of Simcoe, Ontario, June 20th, 1831. His

father, Robert Parker, was a native of Limerick, Ireland, whose paternal

ancestors were from England, and whose maternal ancestry were German,

his mother being a descendant of the brave band of exiles that found

shelter in Ireland during the reign of Queen Anne, from the bitter storm

of religious persecution that drove them from their pleasant homes in

the Palatinate on the Rhine. It is held to be a proud distinction to be

identified with this people, especially because of their ultimate

influence on the character and destiny of the United States and Canada,

through the agency of Methodism. In his early visits to Ireland, Wesley

found this colony of erstwhile devout Germans sharing the religious

apathy and demoralization so lamentably prevalent in those times. Wesley

and his itinerants preached Christ to those strangers that had been as

sheep without a shepherd for fifty years; and he soon rejoiced to see

them revived and folded again. Wesley bears this testimony concerning

the towns in which they lived: “Such places could hardly be found

elsewhere in Ireland or England; there was no profanity, no Sabbath

breaking, no ale-house in any of them.” Thus, these children of

persecution became the fit progenitors of the American contingent of the

most zealous type of Christianity known since Apostolic times; for these

German-Irish Emburys and Hecks founded in New York, and in Augusta,

Canada, the Methodism destined to be the predominant Protestant belief

of the New World, from Newfoundland to the Pacific coast. Mr. Parker’s

father was one of the heroic pioneers of Upper Canada. Upon his leaving

his native land he came to Baltimore, Md., where he spent some time with

an uncle, a merchant, dealing in paints and oils, and for whom he

visited the West Indies, acting as supercargo of his merchant ship. He

settled in West Gwillimbury about the year 1826, where he cleared one of

the finest farms, and established one of the most comfortable homes of

that wealthy township. He was industrious, economical, thrifty, and

hospitable to a proverb. He was a devout and active member of the

Methodist church, and one of its stewards and trustees. He was a Liberal

in politics, though not partisan. He took an active part in suppressing

the rebellion of 1837, and served as quartermaster-sergeant. After his

children left home he sold his farm, and lived retired in Bradford,

where he died on the 7th July, 1881, in the 84th year of his age, and

was interred in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. Dr. Parker’s mother,

Sarah Sutherland, still surviving, and resident in Bradford, was a most

intelligent and hearty sympathizer and co-operator with her husband in

all his business plans, his home hospitality and religious duties. Her

mother was one of the Talbots, and one of her kinsmen, Hon. Thomas

Talbot, was recently governor of Massachusetts. Her father was one of

the pioneers of West Gwillimbury. One of the Methodist appointments

bears his name, the church having been built on the corner of his farm.

The youngest son, Captain T. G. Sutherland, sold the homestead a few

years since, when he retired to Alliston, where he and his wife now

reside in a comfortable home. Dr. Parker had but one brother, the late

Dr. T. S. Parker, M.P., of Guelph. He represented North Wellington in

the old Canada parliament for a term just before confederation. After

the formation of the Dominion of Canada, he was elected to the House of

Commons for Centre Wellington by acclamation, for which he sat till the

time of his death, which took place in 1868, through an accident that

occurred to him while returning from a visit to a patient. He was a

pronounced Liberal, and had won for himself a foremost place in his

party, and a prominent position in the county and on the floor of the

house, because of his personal qualities, and by his powers as a

debater. His early death was a great loss to the Reform party, for he

would no doubt have become a member of the government upon their coming

into power. His widow is a daughter of the late Archdeacon Brough, of

London, and cousin to the Hons. Edward and S. H. Blake. The subject of

this sketch was educated in Victoria University, Cobourg, where he

graduated, and received the degree of B.A., in 1858. He was the

valedictorian of his graduating class. Some five years thereafter he

received the degree of M.A., and in 1885, that of D.D. He was received

as a probationer for the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist church in

1856, and received into full connection and ordained in 1860, at the

conference in Kingston, held in the Sydenham Street Methodist Church,

the Rev. Dr. Stinson being president. Dr. Parker has been stationed

successively in the following places: Toronto, Montreal, Odelltown,

Stanstead, Brantford, St. Catharines, London, Woodstock, Thorold,

Chatham, St. Thomas, and is now (1888) pastor of the Spadina Avenue

Methodist Church, Toronto. He was chairman of the following districts:

Niagara, London, Brantford, Chatham and St. Thomas. He was twice elected

president of the London Conference. His second election was in 1886, to

the present London Conference, held in St. Thomas First Methodist

Church, where he was then pastor. The first election was in 1883, when

he was stationed in Chatham, and when the old London Conference covered

nearly all the territory now embraced in the present, London, Niagara

and Guelph conferences. He has been a member of all the general

conferences of the Methodist church held in Toronto, Montreal, Hamilton,

Belleville and Toronto, respectively. He was opposed to the lately

consummated union of all the Methodist churches, because of points in

the _basis_, and of the haste with which it was pushed. He has

pronounced views in favor of university federation. He is a member of

the Board of Regents of Victoria University. His political views have

been largely in harmony with those of the Liberal party, but he is now

convinced of the necessity of consolidating the temperance forces of

Canada in a prohibitory party, as both the existing parties so far

decline to adopt the entire abolition of the liquor traffic as a plank

in their platform. He has travelled in several states of the Union, and

visited England, Scotland, Ireland and France. In England he “did” the

International Exhibition, visiting in Scotland, Edinburgh, Glasgow and

the lakes; and in Ireland, besides several centres and the Lakes of

Killarney, his father’s and mother’s native places. As a preacher, Dr.

Parker is clear, forceful, eloquent, and eminently practical. He

fearlessly attacks the vices of the age, while insisting strongly on the

great Methodist doctrines of repentance, conversion, and the necessity

of true, practical holiness of heart and life. He is a vigorous opponent

of all forms of priestcraft and sacerdotalism. He is no theorizer, nor

idealist, but a firm believer and teacher of the great truth, that the

religion of the Lord Jesus is designed to meet and bless all the

requirements of human life; that in all civil, political and social

life, it is not only possible, but imperative, that God should be

honored, and that as a nation we are responsible for obedience to all

God’s laws. In September, 1863, he was married to Annie Sophia Ruston,

of Montreal. She was a native of the ancient capital, Quebec, where her

father was a grain and flour merchant. She had an aunt, sister of her

father, who was the wife of a Methodist minister, the Rev. R. A.

Flanders, and two sisters of her mother, wives of Revs. G. H. Davis and

Dr. Cox. She has one sister the wife of a Methodist minister, Rev. Dr.

S. J. Hunter, now of the Centenary Church, Hamilton. Her grandfather

Ruston, a Yorkshire Methodist local preacher, was induced, while a

resident of Odelltown, near Montreal, to assume pastoral work by a

people there as “sheep without a shepherd.” He was made eminently

useful, and when Dr. and Mrs. Parker were stationed there, their first

circuit after marriage, they found several of the most devout and

venerable members of the church, who had been brought to Christ through

his ministrations. Dr. Parker’s wife early evidenced literary taste and

ability, and has contributed several articles and tales to different

periodicals. She is now responsible for editing the ladies’ department

of the “Missionary Outlook,” published under the direction of the

General Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. This ladies’

department is conducted in the interests of Women’s Missionary Society

of the Methodist church. Dr. and Mrs. Parker have been blest with three

children. One dear son was called to an early immortality, and his body

rests in the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. A daughter and son are

yet left with them, the eldest and youngest. The daughter is a graduate

of Alma Ladies’ College, St. Thomas, in the Provincial Arts Department.

She took two prizes in paintings, “Studies,” in the Industrial

Exhibition, in this city, last autumn. The son is in the fifth form in

Upper Canada College, and has proved a diligent and successful student.

If spared he will pursue a university course.

* * * * *

=Rousseau, Joseph Thomas=, Artist, St. Hyacinthe, Province of Quebec,

was born on the 9th of August, 1852, at St. Elzéard de la Beauce, P.Q.

His father was Louis Rousseau, of the same place, a prominent merchant,

who in later years devoted himself exclusively to agricultural pursuits.

His mother’s maiden name was Luce Huard. He was educated at St. Elzéard,

and also had private tuition. Having at an early age shown a decided

talent for painting and drawing, his parents, knowing well the obstacles

to be overcome and encountered, endeavored to dissuade him from adopting

art as a profession. However, the germs of an artistic career were too

strong to be lightly overcome. He went to Montreal, and there studied

for three years under M. Ravau, after which he commenced church

decoration, to which he devoted himself with great success for the space

of five years. His great desire for improvement, and a dim sense of

latent undeveloped power, induced him to go to Florence, Italy, to study

the old masters and rare works of art to be found there. While thus

engaged he took private lessons from the celebrated Professor Ciceri,

commandant of the Artists’ Society, Florence, which art school he also

attended, and passed successfully the examination imposed upon all those

who are desirous of entering. After two years’ close application to his

profession, he returned to Canada, and painted those many historical

religious subjects which have made him famous throughout this continent.

His celebrated oil painting of “Christ being Carried to the Tomb” was

sold to St. Louis church, Nashua, N.H., for the handsome sum of $1,000.

The paintings and decorations in the chapel of the Convent of the

Precious Blood, at St. Hyacinthe, are masterpieces of art, and there is

nothing in Canada or the United States to compare with it. The following

is a list of some of Rousseau’s most celebrated pictures:—“The Dying

Christ,” “Crucifixion,” “Mater Dolorosa,” “The Flight into Egypt,”

“Adoration of the Magi,” “The Trinity in Three Figures at the very

moment of the Annunciation,” “Christ Falling under the Weight of the

Cross,” “Christ Giving the Keys to Peter,” “The Triumph of the Church,”

a very large composition, containing more than sixty personages. In

religion Mr. Rousseau is an earnest Roman Catholic, and in politics a

staunch Conservative. He was married on May 2nd, 1875, to Hermine

Gendron, daughter of Jacques Gendron, merchant, of St. Rosalie, by whom

he has five children. Comparatively a young man, and judging by what he

has already accomplished, it is safe to prophesy a still more brilliant

future, and an immortal artistic fame.

* * * * *

=Hale, Hon. Edward.=—The Hon. Edward Hale, second son of the Hon. John

Hale, of Quebec (formerly of “Plantation,” Yorkshire, England), a

descendant of the Hales of Codicote and King’s Walden, in Hertfordshire,

England, and Elizabeth Frances, daughter of Gen. William Amherst, A.D.C.

to the King, lieut.-governor of Portsmouth, governor of St. John’s,

Newfoundland, and adjutant-general of his Majesty’s forces, was born in

Quebec, on the 6th December, 1801. His father had been A.D.C. and

private secretary to his Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, who stood

sponsor to the subject of this sketch. He was educated at Kensington,

England. Returning to his father’s home in Quebec, he entered the office

of the committee of audit as secretary, which post he held for three

years, until, in the winter of 1823, he received the appointment of

private secretary to his uncle, Earl Amherst, governor-general of India,

and, accompanied by his father, set out at once on sledges for Boston,

U.S.A., whence he sailed with Captain Heard, in the good ship _Bengal_,

for Calcutta. During his stay in India he acted for a time as military

secretary, and accompanied the governor-general in his expeditions

through the different provinces of India, visiting, among others, the

king of Oude, the Rajah of Benares, the king of Delhi and some of the

young princes who afterwards took such a conspicuous part in the Indian

mutiny. A few remarks from Mr. Hale’s diary of that date may not be out

of place here:

October 16th, 1816.—Having breakfasted, we prepared to hold a

native durbar in the house of the Rajah of Benares, which had

been placed at the governor’s disposal, and native gentlemen

began to collect in the compound. Long before the appointed hour

we were turned out of the billiard room, to make place for some

princes of the Delhi family, who had arrived much before their

time, but could not be allowed to remain outside. At eleven

o’clock Lord Amherst took his seat on the throne, surrounded by

his suite, while Lady Amherst and the other ladies were

spectators in another room. The first was a private audience

granted to the princes above mentioned, who were ushered in, and

were met by his lordship at the door, who embraced them all, and

they then sat down. The princes were a most wild-looking set of

fellows, dressed principally in fur, and had all a cast of

countenance that seemed to bespeak their readiness for any sort

of desperate enterprise. They were, with one or two exceptions,

nearly of the same age, being the sons of different Begums, and

he who sat first on the right was a much younger man than some

of the others, but the son of the eldest Begum. They requested

leave to make their salaam to Lady Amherst, and having done so,

took their leave. The other members of the same family then

followed and took their leave; when notice was sent to the Rajah

of Benares, Oodut Narrain, that he might now come. He had been

waiting in his tonjon at the gate of the compound for an hour

before. His procession accordingly entered, commencing with

flag-bearers, then camels, elephants, a native band, empty

tonjons and palanquins, tribes of sotaburdars, punkaburdars,

assaiburdars, burchyburdars, and all sorts of burdahs, when the

tonjon bearing the mighty man himself followed, and was

accompanied by numbers of horsemen, who galloped about in all

directions, going through an indiscriminate sham fight. The

procession passed along the back of the house, round it to the

front, and the “mighty” was ushered in, a visitor in his own

house. He was so immensely fat that he could with difficulty

walk, and he waddled into the room, occupying a space of at

least two yards. He salaamed low, very low, much lower than I

thought he could, and Lord Amherst, advancing three paces,

embraced him, when he sat down in a chair which was purposely

meant for him, but the exertion of coming up stairs and

salaaming had deprived him of the necessary breath for talking,

and he was obliged to remain mute for a short time. He was most

splendidly ornamented with jewels, his turband was surmounted by

a coronet of diamonds, with large emerald drops; his necklace

was composed of immense diamonds, and his arms and various other

parts were profusely covered with precious stones. Having

offered his nuzzur to Lady Amherst he also retired, and his

lordship then went down stairs to hold the public durbar.