4. Persons of African descent who claimed rights under the treaty of
1866.]
[Footnote 678: February 15, 1876.]
[Footnote 679: October ----, 1876.]
[Footnote 680: April 4, 1879.]
[Footnote 681: December 12, 1879.]
[Footnote 682: A bill to this effect was introduced into the Senate
by Senator Ingalls, of Kansas, June 3, 1879, and reported from the
Committee on Indian Affairs, with amendments, June 4, 1880, by Senator
Williams, of Kentucky.]
[Footnote 683: December 6, 1879.]
[Footnote 684: October 16, 1880.]
[Footnote 685: November 23, 1880.]
[Footnote 686: January 26, 1882.]
[Footnote 687: May 9, 1883.]
[Footnote 688: William Bartram, who traveled through their country
in 1776, says (Travels in North America, p. 483): "The Cherokees
in their dispositions and manners are grave and steady, dignified
and circumspect in their deportment; rather slow and reserved in
conversation, yet frank, cheerful, and humane; tenacious of the
liberties and natural rights of man; secret, deliberate, and determined
in their councils; honest, just, and liberal, and always ready to
sacrifice every pleasure and gratification, even their blood and life
itself, to defend their territory and maintain their rights."]
[Footnote 689: Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under date of
March 29, 1824, in a communication addressed to the President to
be laid before the United States Senate, alludes to the provision
contained in the treaty of 1791 and says: "In conformity to the
provisions of this article the various utensils of husbandry have been
abundantly and constantly distributed to the Cherokee Nation, which has
resulted in creating a taste for farming and the comforts of civilized
life."]
[Footnote 690: May 30, 1820.]
[Footnote 691: Letter of Hon. J. C. Calhoun Secretary of War, March 29,
1824. In this letter Mr. Calhoun says: "Certain benevolent societies
in the year 1816 applied for permission to make establishments among
the Cherokees and other southern tribes, for the purpose of educating
and instructing them in the arts of civilized life. Their application
was favorably received. The experiment proved so favorable, that
Congress, by act of March 3, 1819, appropriated $10,000 annually as
a civilization fund, which has been applied in such a manner as very
considerably to increase the extent and usefulness of the efforts of
benevolent individuals and to advance the work of Indian civilization."]
[Footnote 692: The eight districts into which the nation was at this
time divided were, Chickamauga, Chatooga, Coosawatee, Amohee, Hickory
Log, Etowah, Taquoe, and Aquohee.]
[Footnote 693: The census of the nation east of the Mississippi, taken
in 1835, exhibited the following facts:
+-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+
| | | | Whites | |
| |Cherokees.|Slaves.|intermarried| Total. |
| | | | with | |
| | | | Cherokees. | |
+-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+
|In Georgia | 8,946| 776| 68| 9,790|
|In North Carolina| 3,644| 37| 22| 3,703|
|In Tennessee | 2,528| 480| 79| 3,087|
|In Alabama | 1,424| 299| 32| 1,755|
+-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+
| Aggregate | 16,542| 1,592| 201| 18,335|
+-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+
]
[Footnote 694: In addition there was ceded by this treaty for the
location of other Indian tribes all the Cherokee domain in Indian
Territory lying west of 96°, containing by actual survey 8,144,772.35
acres or 12,726 square miles.]
[Footnote 695: And a fractional square mile comprising 374 acres.]