10. Freedmen not adopted, but not removed as intruders, owing to an
order from the Indian Department forbidding such removal pending a
decision upon their claims to citizenship.
If the Government of the United States shall in this last resort of the
Cherokees prove faithful to its obligations and maintain their country
inviolate from the intrusions of white trespassers, the future of the
nation will surely prove the capability of the American Indian under
favorable conditions to realize in a high degree the possibilities of
Anglo-Saxon civilization.
_Table showing approximately the area in square miles and acres ceded
to the United States by the various treaties with the Cherokee Nation:_
+----------------------+------------------+----------------+----------+
| |State where ceded | Area | Area in |
| Date of treaty. |lands are located.| in square | acres. |
| | | miles. | |
+----------------------+------------------+----------------+----------+
|1721 |South Carolina | 2,623 | 1,678,720|
|November 24, 1755 | do | 8,635 | 5,526,400|
|October 14, 1768 |Virginia | 850 | 544,000|
|October 18, 1770 {| do | 4,500 | 2,880,000|
| {|West Virginia | 4,300 | 2,752,000|
| {|Tennessee | 150 | 96,000|
| {|Kentucky | 250 | 160,000|
|1772 {| do | 10,135 | 6,486,400|
| {|West Virginia | 437 | 279,680|
| {|Virginia | 345 | 220,800|
|June 1, 1773 |Georgia | 1,050 | 672,000|
|March 17, 1775 {|Kentucky | 22,600 |14,464,000|
| {|Virginia | 1,800 | 1,152,000|
| {|Tennessee | 2,650 | 1,696,000|
|May 20, 1777 |South Carolina | 2,051 | 1,312,640|
|July 20, 1777 {|North Carolina | 4,414 | 2,824,960|
| {|Tennessee | 1,760 | 1,126,400|
|May 31, 1783 |Georgia | 1,650 | 1,056,000|
|November 28, 1785 {|North Carolina | 550 | 352,000|
| {|Tennessee | 4,914 | 3,144,960|
| {|Kentucky | 917 | 586,880|
|July 2, 1791 {|Tennessee | 3,435 | 2,198,400|
| {|North Carolina | 722 | 462,080|
|October 2, 1798 {|Tennessee | 952 | 609,280|
| {|North Carolina | 587 | 375,680|
|October 24, 1804 |Georgia | 135 | 86,400|
|October 25, 1805 {|Kentucky | 1,086 | 695,040|
| {|Tennessee | 7,032 | 4,500,480|
|October 27, 1805 | do | 1-1/4 | 800|
|January 7, 1806 {| do | 5,269 | 3,372,160|
| {|Alabama | 1,602 | 1,025,280|
|March 22, 1816 |South Carolina | 148 | 94,720|
|September 14, 1816 {|Alabama | 3,129 | 2,194,560|
| {|Mississippi | 4 | 2,560|
|July 8, 1817 {|Georgia | 583 | 373,120|
| {|Tennessee | 435 | 278,400|
|February 27, 1819 {|Georgia | 837 | 535,680|
| {|Alabama | 1,154 | 738,560|
| {|Tennessee | 2,408 | 1,541,120|
| {|North Carolina | 1,542 | 986,880|
|May 6, 1828 |Arkansas | 4,720 | 3,020,800|
|December 29, 1835 {|Tennessee | 1,484 | 949,760|
| {|Georgia | 7,202 | 4,609,280|
| {|Alabama | 2,518 | 1,611,520|
| {|North Carolina | 1,112 | 711,680|
|July 19, 1866[694] |Kansas |[695]1,928 | 1,233,920|
| | +----------------+----------+
| Total | | 126,906-1/4 |81,220,374|
+----------------------+------------------+----------------+----------+
[Illustration: BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. VIII.
MAP OF THE FORMER TERRITORIAL LIMITS OF THE CHEROKEE "NATION OF"
INDIANS EXHIBITING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE VARIOUS CESSIONS OF LAND
MADE BY THEM TO THE COLONIES AND TO THE UNITED STATES BY TREATY
STIPULATIONS, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE WHITES TO
THE DATE OF THEIR REMOVAL WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.]
[Illustration: BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. IX.
MAP SHOWING THE TERRITORY ORIGINALLY ASSIGNED TO THE CHEROKEE "NATION
OF" INDIANS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.]
[Footnote 583: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI, p. 727.]
[Footnote 584: Letter of General J. J. Reynolds to Secretary of the
Interior, June 28, 1865; printed in report of Commissioner of Indian
Affairs for 1865, p. 295.]
[Footnote 585: Report of D. N. Cooley, president of the commission,
dated October 30, 1865.]
[Footnote 586: Report of D. N. Cooley, president of the commission,
dated October 30, 1865.]
[Footnote 587: Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1865, p.
36.]
[Footnote 588: Report of Elijah Sells, superintendent of Indian
Affairs, October 16, 1865.]
[Footnote 589: September 13, 1865.]
[Footnote 590: September 15, 1865.]
[Footnote 591: September 16, 1865.]
[Footnote 592: This objection to consolidation was afterwards
withdrawn, and, based upon fuller information of the proposed plan, was
most fully concurred in.]
[Footnote 593: September 18, 1865.]
[Footnote 594: Statement of Southern delegation at an interview held
with Commissioners Cooley and Sells, March 30, 1866. They also proposed
that a census be taken and each man be allowed to decide whether or not
he would live under the jurisdiction of the Ross party.]
[Footnote 595: Statement of loyal delegation at interview held with
Commissioners Cooley and Sells, March 30, 1866.]
[Footnote 596: Sundry interviews between Commissioners Cooley and Sells
and the loyal and Southern delegations, from March to June, 1866.]
[Footnote 597: June 13, 1865.]
[Footnote 598: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV, p. 799.]
[Footnote 599: See preamble to treaty of July 19, 1833.]
[Footnote 600: John Ross, or Kooeskoowe, was of mixed Scotch and Indian
blood on both father's and mother's side. His maternal grandfather was
John Stuart, who for many years prior to the Revolutionary war was
British superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern tribes and
who married a Cherokee woman. He was born about 1790 in that portion
of the Cherokee Nation within the present limits of Georgia, and died
in Washington, D. C., August 1, 1866. As early as 1813 Ross made a
trip to the Cherokee country west of the Mississippi, ascending the
Arkansas River to the present limits of Indian Territory, and wrote a
detailed account of the situation and prospects of his brethren, the
character of the country, etc. In 1820 (and perhaps earlier) he had
become president of the Cherokee national committee, and continued so
until the adoption of a constitution by the Cherokee Nation, July 26,
1827. Of this constitutional convention Mr. Ross was the president, and
under its operation he was elected principal chief, a position which he
continued to hold until his death.]
[Footnote 601: May 11, 1872. United States Statutes at Large, Vol.
XVII, p. 98.]
[Footnote 602: April 29, 1874. United States Statutes at Large, Vol.
XVIII, p. 41.]
[Footnote 603: February 28, 1877. United States Statutes at Large, Vol.
XIX, p. 265.]
[Footnote 604: See treaty of April 27, 1868. United States Statutes at
Large, Vol. XVI, p. 727.]
[Footnote 605: See report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs to
Secretary of Interior, March 1, 1867, transmitting the agreement.]
[Footnote 606: October 9, 1867.]
[Footnote 607: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI, p. 727.]
[Footnote 608: See Indian Office records.]
[Footnote 609: See report of Commissioner Indian Affairs for 1870, p.
376.]
[Footnote 610: See report of Commissioner Indian Affairs for 1871, p.
671.]
[Footnote 611: August 11, 1871.]
[Footnote 612: 5,019.91 acres.]
[Footnote 613: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XV, p. 222.]
[Footnote 614: August 27, 1868.]
[Footnote 615: December 23, 1868.]
[Footnote 616: July 6, 1867.]
[Footnote 617: March 3, 1868.]
[Footnote 618: February 26, 1868.]
[Footnote 619: See document "Fortieth Congress, second
session--confidential--Executive 3P."]
[Footnote 620: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 311.]
[Footnote 621: Ibid., p. 414.]
[Footnote 622: Ibid., p. 478.]
[Footnote 623: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 871.]
[Footnote 624: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 446.]
[Footnote 625: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 283.]
[Footnote 626: Indian Office records.]
[Footnote 627: December 6, 1867.]
[Footnote 628: July 31, 1868.]
[Footnote 629: Letter of Cherokee delegation to Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, April 23, 1868.]
[Footnote 630: Treaty of November 7, 1825, in United States Statutes at
Large, Vol. VII, p. 284.]
[Footnote 631: Treaty of May 10, 1854, in United States Statutes at
Large, Vol. X, p. 1053.]
[Footnote 632: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI, p. 53.]
[Footnote 633: August 14, 1871.]
[Footnote 634: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV, p. 687.]
[Footnote 635: April 10, 1868.]
[Footnote 636: May 27, 1868.]
[Footnote 637: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI, p. 362.]
[Footnote 638: Letter of Cherokee delegation to Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, February 15, 1871.]
[Footnote 639: May 27, 1871.]
[Footnote 640: Letter of Cherokee delegation to Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, June 10, 1871.]
[Footnote 641: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 228.]
[Footnote 642: April 8, 1872.]
[Footnote 643: See surveyors' plats on file in Indian Office.]
[Footnote 644: See report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs to
Secretary of the Interior, March 6, 1875.]
[Footnote 645: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 28.]
[Footnote 646: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 190.]
[Footnote 647: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV, p. 717.]
[Footnote 648: Treaty of October 21, 1867, United States Statutes at
Large, Vol. XV, p. 581.]
[Footnote 649: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XV, p. 593.]
[Footnote 650: August 10, 1869.]
[Footnote 651: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 190.]
[Footnote 652: October 24, 1872.]
[Footnote 653: November 18, 1873.]
[Footnote 654: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 120.]
[Footnote 655: January 30, 1877.]
[Footnote 656: September 8, 1877.]
[Footnote 657: Letter of the Secretary of the Interior to the
President, June 21, 1879.]
[Footnote 658: June 23, 1879.]
[Footnote 659: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 187.]
[Footnote 660: January 27, 1877.]
[Footnote 661: Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1877, pp.
21-23.]
[Footnote 662: Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1878, p.
xxxvi.]
[Footnote 663: United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XXI, p. 380.]
[Footnote 664: Act of May 27, 1878, United States Statutes at Large,
Vol. XX, p. 63.]
[Footnote 665: Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1879, p.
xl.]
[Footnote 666: Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1881, p.
lxiii. The removal was accomplished between October 5 and October 23.]
[Footnote 667: Deeds were executed June 14, 1883, by the Cherokee
Nation to the United States in trust for each of the tribes located
upon Cherokee country west of 96°, such deeds being in each case for
the quantity of land comprised within the tracts respectively selected
by or for them for their future use and occupation. See Report of
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for 1883, p. lii.]
[Footnote 668: February 27, 1871.]
[Footnote 669: April 14, 1871.]
[Footnote 670: May 4, 1871.]
[Footnote 671: The survey was approved by the commissioners December
11, 1871.]
[Footnote 672: Acts of July 25, 26, and 27, 1866.]
[Footnote 673: May 13, 1870.]
[Footnote 674: May 21, 1870.]
[Footnote 675: May 23, 1870.]
[Footnote 676: June 13, 1870.]
[Footnote 677: The persons affected by this action were comprised
within four classes, viz: