At a subsequent meeting of Department Heads on 8 March 1940 Frank became

even more explicit:

“Whenever there is the least-attempt by the Poles to start

anything, an enormous campaign of destruction will follow. Then

I would not mind starting a regime of terror, or fear its

consequences.” (_2233-M-PS_)

At a conference of District Standartenfuehrer at Cracow on 18 March 1942

Frank reiterated his policy:

“Incidentally, the struggle for the achievement of our aims will

be pursued cold bloodedly. You see how the state agencies work.

You see that we do not hesitate before anything, and stand whole

dozens of people up against the wall. This is necessary because

here simple consideration says that it cannot be our task at

this period when the best German blood is being sacrificed, to

show regard for the blood of another race. For out of this one

of the greatest dangers may arise. One already hears today in

Germany that prisoners-of-war, for instance with us in Bavaria

or in Thuringia, are administering large estates entirely

independently, while all the men in a village fit for service

are at the front. If this state of affairs continues then a

gradual retrogression of Germanism will show itself. One should

not underestimate this danger. Therefore, everything revealing

itself as a Polish power of leadership must be destroyed again

and again with ruthless energy. This does not have to be shouted

abroad, it will happen silently.” (_2233-R-PS_)

And on 15 January 1944 Frank assured the political leaders of the NSDAP

at Cracow:

“I have not been hesitant in declaring that when a German is

shot, up to 100 Poles shall be shot too.” (_2233-BB-PS_)

(5) _Rigorous methods of recruiting workers._ Force, violence, and

economic duress were all advocated by Frank as means for recruiting

laborers for deportation to slave labor in Germany. Deportation of

Polish laborers to Germany was an integral part of the program announced

by Frank for his administration of the General Government (See

_EC-344-16 & 17_), and as Governor General he authorized whatever degree

of force was required for the execution of his program.

Voluntary methods of recruitment soon proved inadequate. In the spring

of 1940 the question of utilizing force came up, and the following

discussion took place in the presence of Seyss-Inquart:

“The Governor-General stated that the fact that all means in

form of proclamations etc. did not bring success, leads to the

conclusion that the Poles out of malevolence, and guided by the

intention of harming Germany by not putting themselves at its

disposal, refuse to enlist for working duty. Therefore, he asks

Dr. Frauendorfer, if there are any other measures, not as yet

employed, to win the Poles on a voluntary basis.

“_Reichshauptamtsleiter_ Dr. Frauendorfer answered this question

negatively.

“The General Governor emphasized the fact that he now will be

asked to take a definite attitude toward this question.

Therefore the question will arise whether any form of _coercive

measures_ should now be employed.

“The question put by the General Governor to SS Lieutenant

General [_Obergruppenfuehrer_] Krueger: does he see

possibilities of calling Polish workers by coercive means, is

answered in the affirmative by SS Lieutenant General _Krueger_.”

(_2233-N-PS_)

At the same conference Frank declared that he was willing to agree to

any practical measures, and decreed that unemployment compensation

should be discontinued on 1 May 1940 as a means of recruiting labor for

Germany.

“The General Governor is willing to agree to any practical

measure; however, he wishes to be informed personally about the

measures to be taken. One measure, which no doubt would be

successful, would be the _discontinuance of unemployment

compensation_ for unemployed workers and their _transfer to

public welfare_. Therefore, he decrees that, beginning _1 May_,

claim for unemployment compensation will cease to exist and only

public welfare may be granted. For the time being only men are

to report and above those men living in cities. There might be a

possibility of combining the moving of the 120,000 Poles from

the Warthe district with this measure.” (_2233-N-PS_)

In March 1940 Frank assured the authorities in Berlin that he was

prepared to have villages surrounded and the people dragged forcibly

out. He reported that, in the course of his negotiations in Berlin

regarding the urgent demand for larger numbers of Polish farm workers,

he had stated:

“* * * if it is demanded from him, [he] could naturally exercise

force in such a manner, that he has the police surround a

village and get the men and women in question out by force, and

then send them to Germany. But one can also work differently,

besides these police measures, by retaining the unemployment

compensation of these workers in question.” (_2233-B-PS_)

At a conference of Department Heads of the General Government on 10 May

1940 Frank laid down the following principles for dealing with the

problem of conscription labor:

“Upon the demands from the Reich it has now been decreed that

compulsion may be exercised in view of the fact that sufficient

manpower was not voluntarily available for service inside the

German Reich. This compulsion means the possibility of arrest of

male and female Poles. . . . The arrest of young Poles when

leaving church services or the cinema would bring about an

ever-increasing nervousness of the Poles. Generally speaking, he

had no objection at all if the rubbish, capable of work yet

often loitering about, would be snatched from the streets. The

best method for this, however, would be the organization of a

raid, and it would be absolutely justifiable to stop a Pole in

the street and to question him what he was doing, where he was

working, etc.” (_2233-A-PS_)

Frank utilized starvation as a method of recruitment. At a conference on

20 November 1942 the following plan was agreed:

“Starting 1 February 1942 the food ration cards should not be

issued to the individual Pole or Ukrainian by the Nutrition

Office [_Ernaehrungsamt_], but to the establishments working for

the German interest. 2,000,000 people would thus be eliminated

from the non-German, normal ration-consuming contingent. Now, if

those ration cards are only distributed by the factories, part

of those people will naturally rush into the factories. Labor

could then be either procured for Germany from them or they

could be used for the most important work in the factories of

the General Government.” (_2233-Y-PS_)

On 18 August 1942 Frank informed Sauckel that the General Government had

already supplied 800,000 laborers to Germany, and that a further 140,000

would be supplied by the end of the year. Regarding the quota for the

next year he promised:

“* * * you can, however, next year reckon upon a higher number

of workers from the General Government, for we shall employ the

Police to conscript them.” (_2233-W-PS_)

Six months after Frank promised Sauckel to resort to police action to

round up labor for deportation to Germany, the Chairman of the Ukrainian

Main Committee reported to Frank that the program was being carried out

as follows:

“The wild and ruthless man-hunt carried on everywhere in towns

and country, in streets, squares, stations, even in churches, at

night in houses, has badly shaken the feeling of security of the

inhabitants. Everybody is exposed to the danger of being seized

anywhere and at any time by members of the police, suddenly and

unexpectedly, and being brought into an assembly camp. None of

his relatives knows what has happened to him, only weeks or

months later, one or the other gives news of his fate by a

postcard.” (_1526-PS_)

(6) _Closing of schools._ The program outlined by Frank on 3 October

1939 as the program he intended to administer as Governor General

included:

“closing of all educational institutions, especially technical

schools and colleges in order to prevent the growth of the new

Polish intelligentsia.” (_EC-344-16 & 17_)

This decision was taken by Frank before it was determined what schools,

if any, might be closed because of failure of instructors to refrain

from reference to politics, or refusal to submit to inspection by the

occupying authorities. Moreover, the policy was determined, as

indicated, in furtherance of the purpose of preventing the rise of an

educated class in Poland.

(7) _Other crimes._ There were other grounds for uneasiness in Poland

which Frank does not mention in his report to Hitler. He does not

mention the Concentration Camps—perhaps because, as the “representative

jurist” of National Socialism, Frank had himself defended the system in

Germany. As Governor General Frank is responsible for all concentration

camps within the boundaries of the General Government. As indicated

above, he knew and approved that Poles were taken to concentration camps

in connection with the resettlement projects. He had certain

jurisdiction, as well, in relation to the notorious extermination camp

Auschwitz, to which Poles from the General Government were committed by

his administration, although the camp itself lay outside the boundaries

of the General Government. In February 1944, Ambassador Counsellor Dr.

Schumberg suggested a possible amnesty of Poles who had been taken to

Auschwitz for trivial offenses and kept for several months. The report

of the conference continues:

“The Governor General will take under consideration an amnesty

probably for 1 May of this year. Nevertheless, one must not lose

sight of the fact that the German leadership of the General

Government must not now show any signs of weakness.”

(_2233-BB-PS_)

G. _CONCLUSION._

As legal adviser of Hitler and the leadership corps of the NSDAP, Frank

promoted the conspirators’ rise to power. In his various juridical

capacities, both in the NSDAP and in the German government, Frank

advocated and promoted the political monopoly of the NSDAP, the racial

program of the conspirators, and the terror system of the concentration

camp and of arrest without warrant. His role in the common plan was to

realize “the National Socialist Program in the realm of law”, and to

give the outward form of legality to this program of terror, persecution

and oppression, which had as its ultimate purpose mobilization for

aggressive war.

As a loyal adherent of Hitler and the NSDAP, Frank was appointed

Governor General in October 1939 of that area of Poland known as the

General Government, which became the testing ground for the

conspirators’ program of “_Lebensraum_.” Frank had defined justice in

the field of German law as that which benefited the German nation. His

five year administration of the General Government illustrates the same

principles applied in the field of International Law.

Frank took the office of Governor General under a program which

constituted in itself a criminal plan or conspiracy, as Frank well knew

and approved, to exploit the territory ruthlessly for the benefit of

Nazi Germany, to conscript its nationals for labor in Germany, to close

its schools and colleges to prevent the rise of a Polish intelligentsia,

and to administer the territory as a colonial possession of the Third

Reich in total disregard of the duties of an occupying power toward the

inhabitants of occupied territory. Under Frank’s administration this

criminal plan was consummated. But the execution went even beyond the

plan. Food contributions to Germany increased to the point where the

bare subsistence reserved for the General Government under the plan was

reduced to the level of mass starvation; a savage program of

exterminating Jews was relentlessly executed; resettlement projects were

carried out with reckless disregard of the rights of the local

population; the terror of the concentration camp followed in the wake of

the Nazi invaders.

It has been shown that all of these crimes were committed in accordance

with the official policies established and advocated by Frank.

This summary of evidence has been compiled almost entirely from

statements by Frank himself, from the admissions found in his diaries,

official reports, records of his conferences with his colleagues and

subordinates, and his speeches. It is therefore appropriate that a final

passage from his diary should be quoted in conclusion. In January 1943,

Frank told his colleagues in the General Government that their task

would grow more difficult. Hitler, he said, could only help them as a

kind of “administrative pillbox”. They must depend on themselves.

“We are now duty bound to hold together [he continued] * * * We

must remember that we who are gathered together here figure on

Mr. Roosevelt’s list of war criminals. I have the honor of being

Number One. We have, so to speak, become accomplices in the

world historic sense.” (_2233-AA-PS_)

* * * * *

LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO HANS FRANK

│ │ │

Document │ Description │ Vol. │ Page

│ │ │

│Charter of the International Military │ │

│ Tribunal, Article 6. │ I │ 5

│International Military Tribunal, │ │

│ Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H);│ │

│ Appendix A. │ I │ 29, 60

│ ———— │ │

│Note: A single asterisk (*) before a │ │

│document indicates that the document │ │

│was received in evidence at the │ │

│Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**)│ │

│before a document number indicates │ │

│that the document was referred to │ │

│during the trial but was not formally │ │

│received in evidence, for the reason │ │

│given in parentheses following the │ │

│description of the document. The USA │ │

│series number, given in parentheses │ │

│following the description of the │ │

│document, is the official exhibit │ │

│number assigned by the court. │ │

│ ———— │ │

*437-PS │Extract from report, 19 June 1943, by │ │

│Frank to Hitler, concerning situation │ │

│in Poland. (USA 610) │ III │ 396

│ │ │

*864-PS │Top Secret Note, 20 October 1939, on │ │

│conference between Hitler and Chief │ │

│OKW concerning future relations of │ │

│Poland to Germany, 17 October 1939. │ │

│(USA 609) │ III │ 619

│ │ │

1391-PS │Statute of the Academy for German Law,│ │

│2 July 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│pp. 605-607. │ III │ 970

│ │ │

*1526-PS │Letter from Ukrainian Main Committee │ │

│to Frank, February 1943. (USA 178) │ IV │ 79

│ │ │

2233-A-PS │Frank Diary. │ │

│Abteilungsleitersitzungen, 1939-1940. │ │

│Minutes of conferences, December and │ │

│May 1940. (USA 173) │ IV │ 883

│ │ │

*2233-B-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part I. │ │

│January-March. (USA 174) │ IV │ 885

│ │ │

*2233-C-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part IV. │ │

│October-December. (USA 271) │ IV │ 890

│ │ │

*2233-D-PS │Frank Diary. Regierungsitzungen. 1941.│ │

│October-December. Entry of 16 December│ │

│1941 at pp. 76-77. (USA 281) │ IV │ 891

│ │ │

*2233-E-PS │Frank Diary. │ │

│Regierungs-Hauptabteilungsleiter-Sitzu│ │

│ngen. 1942. Entry of 24 August 1942. │ │

│(USA 283) │ IV │ 893

│ │ │

*2233-F-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1 January │ │

│1944-28 February 1944. Entry of 25 │ │

│January 1944 at p. 5. (USA 295) │ IV │ 902

│ │ │

*2233-H-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1941. Part II. │ │

│Entry of 19 April 1941. (USA 311) │ IV │ 904

│ │ │

*2233-K-PS │Frank Diary. │ │

│Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-1940. │ │

│Entry of 2 December 1939. (USA 173) │ IV │ 905

│ │ │

2233-L-PS │Frank Diary. │ │

│Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-1940. │ │

│Entry of 19 January 1940 at pp. 11-12.│ IV │ 906

│ │ │

*2233-M-PS │Frank Diary. │ │

│Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-1940. │ │

│Entry of 8 March 1940. (USA 173) │ IV │ 906

│ │ │

*2233-N-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1940. Part II. │ │

│April to June. (USA 614) │ IV │ 907

│ │ │

*2233-O-PS │Frank Diary. │ │

│Abteilungsleitersitzungen. 1939-1940. │ │

│Entry of 19 December 1940 at pp. │ │

│12-13. (USA 173) │ IV │ 909

│ │ │

2233-P-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1941. Part III.│ │

│Entry of 9 September 1941 at p. 830. │ │

│(USA 611) │ IV │ 909

│ │ │

2233-Q-PS │Frank Diary. Regierungssitzungen. │ │

│October-December 1941. Entry of 16 │ │

│December 1941 at pp. 35, 66. │ IV │ 909

│ │ │

*2233-R-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part I. │ │

│Entry of 18 March 1942 at pp. 185, │ │

│186, 195-196. (USA 608) │ IV │ 910

│ │ │

*2233-S-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III.│ │

│Entry of 1 August 1942 at p. 798. (USA│ │

│607) │ IV │ 911

│ │ │

*2233-T-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III.│ │

│Entry of 4 August 1942 at pp. 830-832.│ │

│(USA 607) │ IV │ 911

│ │ │

2233-V-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III.│ │

│Entry of 5 August 1942 at pp. 866, │ │

│896. │ IV │ 912

│ │ │

*2233-W-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III.│ │

│Entry of 18 August 1942 at pp. 918, │ │

│920. (USA 607) │ IV │ 912

│ │ │

*2233-X-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part III.│ │

│Entry of 28 August 1942 at pp. │ │

│968-969, 983. (USA 607) │ IV │ 913

│ │ │

2233-Y-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. │ │

│Entry of 20 November 1942 at pp. │ │

│1212-1213. │ IV │ 914

│ │ │

*2233-Z-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1942. Part IV. │ │

│Entry of 14 December 1942 at pp. │ │

│1329-1331. (USA 612) │ IV │ 915

│ │ │

*2233-AA-PS │Frank Diary. Arbeitssitzungen. 1943. │ │

│Entry of 25 January 1943 at pp. 16, │ │

│17, 19, 53. (USA 613) │ IV │ 916

│ │ │

*2233-BB-PS │Frank Diary. Tagebuch. 1 January │ │

│1944-28 February 1944. Entry of 14 │ │

│January, 15 January, 8 February 1944. │ │

│(USA 295) │ IV │ 917

│ │ │

2533-PS │Extract from article “Legislation and │ │

│Judiciary in Third Reich”, from │ │

│Journal of the Academy for German Law,│ │

│1936, pp. 141-142. │ V │ 277

│ │ │

2536-PS │Speech by Dr. Frank on “The Jews in │ │

│Jurisprudence” and Radio Speech, │ │

│published in Documents of German │ │

│Politics, Vol. II. │ V │ 277

│ │ │

2537-PS │Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich │ │

│Chancellor concerning Administration │ │

│of Occupied Polish Territories, │ │

│October 1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│Part I, p. 2077. │ V │ 279

│ │ │

2540-PS │Decree concerning sequestration of │ │

│private property in the General │ │

│Government, 24 January 1940, published│ │

│in Verordnungsblatt fuer das │ │

│Generalgouverneurs, No. 6, 27 January │ │

│1940, p. 23. │ V │ 280

│ │ │

*2979-PS │Affidavit by Hans Frank, 15 November │ │

│1945, concerning positions held. (USA │ │

│7) │ V │ 684

│ │ │

3445-PS │Speech by Hans Frank, reported in │ │

│German Law, 1939, Vol. 2. │ VI │ 153

│ │ │

3814-PS │Correspondence between Hans Frank, │ │

│Lammers and various witnesses to the │ │

│conduct of Frank, February 1945. │ VI │ 739

│ │ │

3815-PS │Report of the SS, 25 April 1942, │ │

│concerning the activities of Hans │ │

│Frank in Poland. │ VI │ 745

│ │ │

*EC-344 16 and 17 │Thomas report, 20 August 1940, │ │

│summarizing experience with German │ │

│Armament Industry in Poland 1939-40 │ │

│and extract from report by Captain Dr.│ │

│Varain on same subject. (USA 297) │ VII │ 419

│ │ │

Chart No. 1 │National Socialist German Workers’ │ │

│Party. (2903-PS; USA 2) │ VIII │ 770

9. WILHELM FRICK

A. _FRICK’S POLITICAL CAREER._

Frick’s important contribution to the Nazi conspiracy was in the field

of government administration. He was the administrative brain who

organized the German state for Nazism and who geared the machinery of

the state for aggressive war. It was Frick who transformed the plans and

programs of his fellow conspirators into political action. He was the

manager of the Nazi conspiracy. He was entrusted with broad discretion,

exercised great power, and knew the criminal purpose of the acts he

committed.

The conspiratorial activities of Frick cover a period of 25 years,

beginning as early as 1920 (_3086-PS_).

A brief summary of Frick’s activities will show how extensive was his

contribution to the Nazi conspiracy. He took part in Hitler’s Munich

Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, and was sentenced for his

participation. He helped Hitler become a German citizen. To maintain the

Nazi regime in the first 2 years of its existence and to achieve some of

its most important immediate purposes, Frick signed 235 laws and decrees

during that period, most of which are published in the

_Reichsgesetzblatt_.

For the first time in German history a uniform police system for the

whole German Reich was created. Frick was its creator and its supreme

head. He appointed the Gestapo chief, Heinrich Himmler, Chief of the

German Police. Frick was the highest controlling authority over

concentration camps. He personally inspected these camps. His Ministry

of the Interior made the necessary legal arrangements for acquiring land

for the Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Through his Medical Division,

Frick controlled the Nazi asylums and so-called medical institutions in

which forced sterilizations and murders of thousands of Germans and of

foreign laborers were carried out. The racial legislation, including the

Nurnberg Laws, was drafted by Frick and administered under his

jurisdiction. Frick introduced the Yellow Star as a sign of

stigmatization of the Jews.

In the course of his active participation in the Nazi conspiracy, Frick

occupied a number of important positions. Among his Nazi Party positions

are the following: member of the Nazi Party from 1925 to 1945; Reich

Leader of the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945; floor leader of the Nazi

Party in the Reichstag from 1928 to 1945. His governmental positions

were: chief of a division of the Munich Police Department from 1917 to

10 November 1923, 2 days after Hitler’s Putsch; Nazi Minister of the

Interior and of Education in the German State of Thuringia from January

1930 to April 1931; Reichsministerof the Interior from 30 January 1933

to 20 August 1943; member of the Reich Defense Council as General

Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich from 21 May 1935 to

20 August 1943. On 20 August 1943, Frick was appointed Reich Protector

of Bohemia and Moravia, and he held this last position until 1945.

(_2978-PS_)

B. _FRICK’S PARTICIPATION IN PROMOTING THE NAZI CONSPIRATORS’ ACCESSION

TO POWER._

Frick has admitted that he was one of the men who helped Hitler to power

(_3043-PS_).

(1) _Frick’s activities in early days of conspiracy._ In the very

beginning of the Nazi Party and its conspiracy, Frick misused his

various governmental positions in order to hold a “protecting hand over

the National-Socialist Party and Hitler.” This he stated solemnly in his

speech before the Munich People’s Court during the Putsch trial

(_3119-PS_; see “The Hitler Trial Before the People’s Court in Munich”

(_Der Hitler Prozess vor dem Volksgericht in Muenchen_), published by

Knorr & Hirth, G.M.B.H., Muenchen, 1924.)

When Hitler was arrested during those early revolutionary days, Frick

used his position in the Munich Police Department to release him under

his own authority (_3124-PS_).

Frick participated in the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch of 8-9 November 1923,

and was tried with Hitler on a charge of complicity in treason. He was

convicted and received a suspended sentence of one year and three months

in a fortress (_3132-PS_).

Hitler’s appreciation of Frick’s assistance during those years is

demonstrated by the fact that Hitler honored Frick by mentioning his

name in _Mein Kampf_, the Nazi bible. Only two other defendants in this

proceeding, Hess and Streicher, share that honor. In this reference

Hitler said of Frick:

“He [Munich Police President Poehner] and his coworker Dr. Frick

are in my estimation the only men in government positions, who

have the right to collaborate in the establishment of a Bavarian

Nation.” (_3125-PS_)

(2) _Frick’s activities as member of Reichstag._ Having been elected to

the Reichstag on 4 May 1924, Frick stated that it was his task not to

“support, but to undermine the parliamentary system” (_2742-PS_).

In the Reichstag Frick immediately proposed those discriminatory

measures against the Jews which were enacted after he and the other Nazi

conspirators had come into power in 1933. On 25 August 1924 Frick

demanded in the Reichstag that all Jews be removed from public office

(_3128-PS_). Two days later he returned with a motion calling for

“special legislation for all members of the Jewish race” (_3119-PS_).

In 1930, a significant investigative report was prepared by the Prussian

Ministry of the Interior (_2513-PS_). This official report analyzed the

criminal activities of Hitler, Frick, and other Nazis. It stated that

Frick had to be regarded as the most influential leader of the NSDAP

next to Hitler. This document reported that at the 1927 Party Congress

in Nurnberg, Frick said that the Nazi Party would first infiltrate into

parliament and misuse its privileges, then abolish it and thus open the

way for racial dictatorship. The document also reported that Frick

stated in a speech in 1929 at Pyritz that this fateful struggle would

first be taken up with the ballot, but that this could not continue

indefinitely, for history had taught that in a battle “blood must be

shed and iron broken.” As early as 1929, according to this same report,

Frick announced that a Special Peoples’ Court would be created, in which

the enemies of the Nazi Party would be called to account for their

political acts (_2513-PS_).

(3) _Frick’s activities as Minister of Interior and Education in

Thuringia._ Frick’s prominent role in helping to bring the Nazis to

power was recognized when on 23 January 1930 he was appointed Minister

of the Interior and Education in the German State of Thuringia, the

first ministerial appointment controlled by the National Socialists

(_3119-PS_).

It was in this capacity that Frick began his manipulation to provide

Adolf Hitler with German citizenship, an essential step toward the

realization of the Nazi conspiracy. It must be remembered that Hitler at

that time was not a German citizen and was regarded by the Prussian

police administration as an undesirable alien. This lack of German

citizenship was most damaging to the cause of the Nazi Party because, as

an alien, Hitler could not become a candidate for the Reich Presidency

in Germany.

In the beginning, Frick was unsuccessful when he tried to grant Hitler

German citizenship by appointing Hitler as police officer in Thuringia,

thus conferring German citizenship automatically. Later he succeeded

with a similar maneuver. This was expressly confirmed by Otto Meissner,

former State Secretary and Chief of Hitler’s Presidential Chancellery,

in an affidavit which reads in part as follows:

“Frick also, in collaboration with Klagges, Minister of

Brunswick, succeeded in naturalizing Hitler as a German citizen

in 1932 by having him appointed a Brunswick government official

(Counsellor of Government). This was done in order to make it

possible for Hitler to run as a candidate for the office of

President of the Reich.” (_3564-PS_)

During his tenure as State Minister in Thuringia, Frick again misused

his official authority in order to advance the Nazi conspiracy through

measures designed to establish Nazi control over the police, and over

the administration and curriculum of universities and schools. Three of

his measures are specially noteworthy:

(_a_) Appointment of the Nazi race theoretician, Dr. Guenther, as

Professor at the University of Jena, against the wishes of the faculty.

(_b_) Compulsory introduction in the schools of Nazi prayers whose

nationalistic, militaristic, and blasphemous character was such that

three out of five were declared unconstitutional by the German

Constitutional Court on 11 July 1930.

(_c_) Infiltration of Nazis in the Police, which twice provoked a

rupture in the administrative relations between the State of Thuringia

and the Reich Ministry of the Interior, and resulted in the withdrawal

of the important police subsidy payment of the Reich to the State.

(_3132-PS; 3128-PS_)

C. _FRICK’S PARTICIPATION IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TOTALITARIAN CONTROL

OVER GERMANY._

Frick’s appointment as Reichsministerof the Interior in the first Hitler

Cabinet of 30 January 1933 gave him the task of “strengthening the power

of the government and to secure the New Regime” (_3128-PS_).

(1) _Powers of Frick as Minister of Interior._ To this task his Ministry

was perfectly suited. As Minister of the Interior Frick became

responsible for the realization of a large part of the conspirators’

program, through both legislation and administration. His Ministry was

charged especially with the following tasks:

(_a_) Internal Administration (State and local governments; State and

Local Civil Service).

(_b_) Relations between Nazi Party and State.

(_c_) Elections.

(_d_) Citizenship.

(_e_) Racial Law and Policy (Jewish Question, Eugenics), National

Health.

(_f_) Armed Forces and Reich Defense (Conscription).

(_g_) Establishment of the New Order in occupied and annexed

territories.

(_h_) Legislation, Constitutional Law (civil liberties).

(_i_) Police Forces (including Gestapo, protective custody,

concentration camps). (_3303-PS_; _3475-PS_)

The names of the men who, according to (_3475-PS_), worked under Frick’s

supervision are significant. Among the subordinates of Frick were “Reich

Health Leader, Dr. Conti,” “Reich Fuehrer SS and Chief of the German

Police, Heinrich Himmler,” and “Reich Labor Service Leader, Konstantin

Hierl.” Frick was, therefore, supreme commander of three important

pillars of the Nazi state: The Nazi Public Health Service, the Police

System, and the Labor Service.

The wide variety of the activities of Frick as Reich Minister of the

Interior can be judged from the following catalogue of his functions: He

had final authority on constitutional questions, drafted legislation,

had jurisdiction over governmental administration and civil defense, and

was final arbiter of questions concerning race and citizenship. The

Manual for Administrative Officials also lists sections of his ministry

concerned with administrative problems for the occupied territories,

including annexed territories, the New Order in the South East, the

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and the New Order in the East

(_3475-PS_).

The Ministry of the Interior also had considerable authority over the

civil service, including such matters as appointment, tenure, promotion,

and discharge. The Manual for Administrative Officials (_3475-PS_)

states that Frick’s functions included supervision of the general law of

civil servants, civil servants’ policies, civil service aspirants,

education and training of civil servants and political and other

officials. Frick’s Ministry also had extensive jurisdiction over the

German civil servants detailed to the administration of the occupied

countries. This fact was admitted by Wilhelm Stuckart, former Under

Secretary of Frick’s Ministry of the Interior, who stated in an

interrogation:

“As far as I know, the officials for the new territories were

selected by the Personnel Office [of the Ministry of the

Interior] according to their qualifications, their physical

condition and maybe also their knowledge of the language.”

(_3570-PS_)

In the full use of these broad powers, Frick made his essential

contribution to the advancement of the conspiracy.

(2) _Nazi seizure of power of German States._ His first act after the

Conspirators’ accession to power was to install Nazi governments and

administrations in all German States where they were not already in

power. The State governments which refused to hand over their

constitutional authority to the Nazi successors designated by Frick were

removed on Frick’s orders. This was the case in Bavaria, Hamburg,

Bremen, Luebeck, Hesse, Baden, Wuerttemberg, and Saxony.

The manner and purpose of this program was clearly stated in the book,

“Dr. Frick and his Ministry,” which was published by his Under-Secretary

Wilhelm Pfundner for Frick’s 60th birthday in order to establish the

full scope of his contribution to the creation of the Nazis’

“Thousand-Year Reich”:

“While Marxism in Prussia was crushed by the hard fist of the

Prussian Prime Minister, Hermann Goering, and a gigantic wave of

propaganda was initiated for the Reichstag elections of 5 March

1933, Dr. Frick prepared the complete seizure of power in all

states of the Reich. All at once the political opposition

disappeared. All at once the Main [River] line was eliminated.

From this time on only one will and one leadership reigned in

the German Reich.” (_3119-PS_; _3132-PS_)

(3) _Abolition of political opposition._ Frick then proceeded to destroy

all opposition parties in order to establish the political monopoly of

the Nazi Party over Germany. Here again he acted by legislative fiat

against all parties which did not dissolve voluntarily. Among the laws

which he initiated for this purpose were the law of 26 May 1933

confiscating Communists’ property (_1396-PS_); the law of 14 July 1933

confiscating property inimical to nation and state (_1388-PS_); the law

of 7 July 1933 voiding the mandates of all Social Democrat candidates

elected to Reich state and local diets (_2058-PS_); and the law of 14

July 1933 outlawing all political parties other than the Nazi Party

(_1388-A-PS_; see _2403-PS_).

Frick drafted and administered the laws which assured the control of the

Nazi Party over the State and “placed the government machinery * * * at

the disposal of the Party.” Chief among these enactments were the Law to

Secure the Unity of Party and State, of 1 December 1933, which provided

that all government agencies should “lend legal and administrative aid

to the Party agencies” (_1395-PS_), and the law of 1 August 1934

consolidating the positions of Chief of State and Leader of the Party

(_2003-PS_; see _3119-PS_).

The success of this series of measures was accurately described by Frick

himself in the following terms:

“In National Socialist Germany, leadership is in the hands of an

organized community, the National Socialist Party; and as the

latter represents the will of the nation, the policy adopted by

it in harmony with the vital interests of the nation is, at the

same time, the policy adopted by the country * * *.” (_3258-PS_)

(4) _Consolidation of power in Reich Cabinet._ Frick’s next task was to

consolidate the executive and legislative control thus achieved. First

he drafted the law of 24 March 1933, which gave the Reich Cabinet the

power to legislate by decree. This law marked the end of parliamentary

government in Germany (_2001-PS_).

As a further step in the same direction, Frick prepared a series of laws

which destroyed all autonomous State and local government. Through these

laws, all governmental power in Germany was consolidated in the Reich

Cabinet. Administration of these laws was placed in the hands of Frick.

These enactments include the Temporary Law for the Coordination of the

States with the Reich, of 31 March 1933 (_2004-PS_); the Law for the

Coordination of the States with the Reich, of 7 April 1933 (_2005-PS_);

the law of 30 January 1934 transferring the sovereignty of the states to

the Reich; the first ordinance under the law of 30 January 1934

subjecting state legislation to Reich approval, 2 February 1934; the

second Reich Governor Law of 30 January 1935; the German Municipality

Act of 30 January 1935 (_2008-PS_); and the law of 14 February 1934

abolishing the Reichsrat. (see _3119-PS_; _2380-PS_).

Frick drafted the laws which abolished the independence of the civil

service, including functionaries of the Reich and the States, judges,

and university teachers. As Reichsminister of the Interior, he was

charged with the administration of these laws. Among these laws was the

Civil Service Act of 7 April 1933, paragraphs 3 and 4 of which provided

for the elimination of civil servants on the basis of religious or

political beliefs (_1397-PS_; see _3119-PS_).

This complete subjection of the civil servants to the Nazi-controlled

Ministry of Interior was well illustrated by an order of Frick demanding

a report on civil servants who had failed to vote in the Reichstag

elections of 29 March 1936 (_D-43_).

(5) _Establishment of the Police State._ Having thus taken possession of

the entire government machinery, Frick organized a huge Reich police in

order to maintain the conspirators’ power against all opposition.

It should be emphasized that before this time there was no unified Reich

police system; each individual German State had a police force of its

own. Even then, Frick had complete control over the police forces,

through the Reich Governor Act which subjected the State governments to

the authority of the Reich government, in the person of the Reich

Minister of the Interior (_2005-PS_; _L-82_).

The decisive change-over to centralized totalitarianism was effected by

the Act of 17 June 1936 (RGBl, 1936, Part I, p. 487), which was signed

by Frick and Hitler (_2073-PS_). Section 1 of this decree reads as

follows:

“For the unification of police duties in the Reich, a Chief of

German Police is instituted in the German Ministry of the

Interior, to whom is assigned the direction and conduct of all

police affairs.” (_2073-PS_)

Section 2 shows that it was Frick and Hitler, the signers of the decree,

who appointed Himmler as Chief of the German Police. Paragraph 2,

section 2 of the decree states that Himmler was “subordinated

individually and directly to the Reich and Prussian Minister of the

Interior” (_2073-PS_). In other words, Frick not only appointed Himmler

but himself became, pursuant to this decree, the supreme commander of

the Reich police system in his capacity as Reich and Prussian Minister

of the Interior.

The official chart of the German police system (_1852-PS_; _see Chart

Number 16_) clearly shows the position of Reichsministerof the Interior

Frick as the head of the entire German police system. This includes the

notorious RSHA, of which Kaltenbrunner became chief under Frick in

January 1943 (_3119-PS_).

Frick used this newly created authority for the promotion of the Nazi

conspiracy. By his decree of 12 February 1936 he established in detail

the jurisdiction of the Secret State Police (Gestapo), especially over

the concentration camps and in the field of political police information

(_2108-PS_).

By his decree of 20 September 1936, published in the Ministerial Gazette

of the Reich (_Ministerialblatt des Reichs-und Preussischen Ministerium

des Innern_), 1936, page 1343, (_2245-PS_), Frick reserved for himself

the authority to appoint inspectors of security police and ordered their

close cooperation with the Party and with the Army. Furthermore, in an

ordinance dated 18 March 1938 (RGBl, 1938, Part I, page 262) (_1437-PS_)

concerning the reunion of Austria with the Reich, Frick authorized

Himmler to take security measures in Austria without regard to previous

legal limitations. Similarly, in his Decree of 11 November 1938 Frick

ordered that all authorities cooperate closely with the SD and RSHA

under Himmler (_1638-PS_).

Frick’s direct control over Himmler’s Reich police can also be shown in

numerous other instances. It is necessary only to mention Himmler’s

order of 26 June 1936 by which he authorized Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of

the SD, and Kurt Daluege, Chief of the regular police, to sign “By order

of the Minister of the Interior” (_1551-PS_; _1680-PS_).

As a result, the Police and part of Himmler’s SS became in fact merged

under Frick’s jurisdiction. An order by Hitler dated 17 August 1938

regulated the functions of the SS, which “have entered into close

connection with the duties of the German police” in the Ministry of

Interior (_647-PS_; see _1637-PS_).

Similarly, Frick gave direct orders to the State Gestapo offices. Thus

on 6 November 1934 Frick issued an order addressed, among others, to the

Prussian Gestapo, prohibiting the publication of Protestant church

announcements (_1498-PS_), and also issued a secret circular addressed,

among others, to the Prussian Gestapo, subjecting Catholic youth

organizations to severe restrictions (_1482-PS_).

It is not necessary here to repeat the evidence concerning the criminal

activities of the German police, over which Frick had supreme authority.

Reference is made to Chapter XI on Concentration Camps, Chapter XII on

Persecution of the Jews, Section 6, Chapter VII on Persecution of the

Church, and Chapter XV on the criminal organizations, such as the SA,

SS, the Gestapo, and SD. Frick’s personal familiarity with these illegal

activities may be illustrated by two striking instances. The first

instance is contained in a synopsis of correspondence between the Reich

Ministry of the Interior and its field offices from November 1942

through August 1943, concerning the legal aspects of the confiscation of

property by the SS for the enlargement of the concentration camp at

Auschwitz (_1643-PS_). This document contains the minutes of a meeting

held on 17 and 18 December 1942 concerning the confiscation of this

property. These minutes indicate that a further discussion was to be

held on this subject on 21 December 1942, between the representatives of

the Reichsminister of the Interior and the Reichsfuehrer SS. There is

also a summary of a teletype letter, 22 January 1943, from Dr. Hoffman,

representing the Reichsministerof the Interior, to the

_Regierungspraesident_ in Kattowitz, a provincial administrator under

the direct jurisdiction of the Reichsministerof the Interior. The

summary begins significantly with the sentence:

“The territory of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp will be

changed into an independent estate.” (_1643-PS_)

A second illustration of Frick’s personal interest in the activities of

Himmler’s police and SS is the fact that in 1943 Frick visited the

concentration camp at Dachau, where he personally acquainted himself

with the forced malaria inoculation of healthy camp inmates and with

other experiments on human beings carried out by Dr. Rascher. This is

borne out by the affidavit of Dr. Franz Blaha, a former inmate of the

concentration camp at Dachau, who has stated that Frick made a special

tour of inspection of the malaria and cooling experimental stations at

Dachau (_3249-PS_).

(6) _Suppression and terrorization of opponents._ Having established

this powerful police organization under his command, Frick used it

especially in order to suppress all internal opposition. That this would

be his aim he had repeatedly announced even in the years before 1933,

when he declared that he was ready to establish the power of the

conspirators with terror and violence (_2513-PS_).

As early as 1932, Frick threatened his opponents in the Reichstag with

these words:

“Don’t worry, when we are in power we shall put all of you guys

in concentration camps.” (_L-83_)

In pursuance of this long-planned campaign of political terrorism, Frick

drafted and signed a series of decrees legalizing all those uses of the

political police which he considered necessary in order to establish the

dictatorial power of the conspirators within Germany.

Five days after the accession of the conspirators to power Frick signed

the first law limiting the freedom of assembly and of the press in

Germany. Then, on 28 February 1933, the day after the Reichstag fire,

civil rights in Germany were abolished altogether by decree signed by

Frick (_1390-PS_).

The preamble of this decree, which was published on the morning after

the Reichstag fire, stated that the suspension of civil rights was

decreed as a defense measure against Communist acts of violence

endangering the State. At the time of publication of this decree, the

Nazi government announced that a thorough investigation had proven that

the Communists had set fire to the Reichstag building. It is not

necessary here to go into the controversial question of who set fire to

the Reichstag, but it should be stressed that the official Nazi

statement that the Communists had set fire to the building, on which

Frick’s law was predicated, was issued without any investigation. Proof

of this fact is contained in an interrogation of Goering on 13 October

1945, which contains the following passage:

“Q. How could you tell your press agent, one hour after the

Reichstag caught fire, that the Communists did it, without

investigation?

A. Did the public relations officer say that I said that?

Q. Yes. He said you said it.

A. It is possible when I came to the Reichstag, the Fuehrer and

his gentlemen were there. I was doubtful at the time but

it was their opinion that the Communists had started the

fire.

Q. But you were the highest law enforcement official in a

certain sense. Daluege was your subordinate. Looking back

at it now, and not in the excitement that was there once,

wasn’t it too early to say without any investigation that

the Communists had started the fire?

A. Yes, that is possible, but the Fuehrer wanted it this way.

Q. Why did the Fuehrer want to issue at once a statement that

the Communists had started the fire?

A. He was convinced of it.

Q. It is right when I say he was convinced without having any

evidence or any proof of that at this moment?

A. That is right, but you must take into account that at that

time the Communist activity was extremely strong, that our

new government as such was not very secure.” (_3593-PS_)

This Act of 28 February 1933 also constituted the basis for the

establishment of the concentration camps. Frick himself established in

detail the handling of so-called “protective custody” under which

inmates were held in concentration camps (_779-PS_; _1723-PS_; _L-302_).

Frick also signed two laws designed specifically to suppress all

criticism and opposition to the Government and the Nazi Party

(_1652-PS_; _1393-PS_).

Frick also signed the laws which brought about the suppression of

independent labor unions as a potential source of opposition inside

Germany to the progress of the Nazi conspiracy (_405-PS_; _1861-PS_;

_1770-PS_). Among these decrees was the law providing for the

confiscation of all labor union property in favor of the German Labor

Front (_1403-PS_).

Furthermore, Frick and his subordinates took an active part in the

persecution of the independent churches. An order of the Reichsminister

of the Interior dated 6 November 1934 prohibited the publication of

Protestant church announcements (_1498-PS_); likewise Frick issued a

circular letter to Reich officials imposing severe restrictions on

Catholic youth organizations (_1482-PS_). Frick further on 5 May 1938

wrote to the heads of government agencies proposing methods for

invalidating the concordat between Austria and the Holy See (_680-PS_).

His Ministry was also in correspondence with the SD from 1940-1942

concerning the confiscation of church property (_R-101-A, through

R-101-D_).

D. _FRICK’S PROMOTION OF RACIAL PERSECUTION AND RACISM._

Frick promoted the program of racial persecution and racism, involving

the wiping out of the Jews, and the killing of the allegedly insane and

others for whom the German war machine had no further use.

In addition to its many other responsibilities, the vast administrative

empire of Frick controlled the enactment and administration of racial

and eugenic legislation. The “Manual for German Administrative

Officials” (_3475-PS_) shows the following additional functions of

Frick’s Ministry: Health Administration, Social Hygiene; Heredity and

Racial Welfare; Reich Plenipotentiary for Sanitaria and Nursing Homes;

Board for the Examination of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists; and

Reich Committee for Public Hygiene. Accordingly, Frick was the

administrative guardian and protector of the German race.

(1) _Persecution of Jews._ Frick took charge of the legislative and

administrative program through which the Nazi conspirators sought to

wipe out the “non-Aryan” part of the German population. Here again he

drafted, signed, and administered the basic legislation. Among these

discriminatory enactments were the following: the Reich Citizens Law of

15 September 1935 depriving Jews of their citizenship rights

(_1416-PS_); the law for the protection of German blood and honor, 15

September 1935, prohibiting mixed marriages (_2000-PS_); the first

ordinance under the Reich Citizens Law, 14 November 1935, depriving Jews

of the right to vote (_1417-PS_); the Civil Service Act of 7 April 1933

providing for the elimination of non-Aryan government workers

(_1397-PS_); the decree of 20 May 1938 introducing the Nurnberg laws in

Austria; the decree of 31 May 1941 introducing the Nurnberg laws in the

annexed eastern territories (_see 3119-PS_).

Extending his program of persecution even to the religious practices of

the Jews, Frick signed the decree which outlawed ritual slaughtering.

But the activities of Frick’s Ministry were not restricted to the

commission of such crimes, camouflaged in the form of legislation. The

police field offices, subordinates to Frick, participated in the

organization of such terroristic activities as the pogrom of 9 November

1938. The pogrom was organized through a series of secret teletype

orders issued by Heydrich (_374-PS_; _3051-PS_). Afterward Heydrich

reported on the loss of Jewish life and property resulting from the

pogrom (_3058-PS_).

The pogroms gave the Nazi conspirators occasion to proceed to the

complete elimination of the Jews from economic life and the confiscation

of most of their property (_1662-PS_; _1409-PS_).

Three days after this pogrom of 9 November 1938 Frick, his

undersecretary Stuckart, and his subordinates Heydrich and Daluege,

participated in a conference on the Jewish question under the

chairmanship of Goering. At this meeting various measures were discussed

which the individual governmental departments should initiate against

the Jews. Goering’s concluding remark in that conference was:

“Also the Minister of the Interior and the Police will have to

think over what measures will have to be taken.” (_1816-PS_).

It was, accordingly, Frick’s duty to follow up by administrative action

the pogrom organized by Frick’s own subordinates.

Thereafter, Frick signed the Law of 23 July 1938 ordering a special

registration for all Jews, in order to establish the strictest possible

control over the Jewish population.

After the outbreak of the war Heydrich issued an order in Frick’s name,

compelling all Jews to wear a yellow star in public (_2118-PS_).

Among the Ordinances which Frick issued under the Reich Citizen Law of

15 September 1935, special mention should be made of the 11th Ordinance

of 25 November 1941, which ordered the confiscation of the property of

all deported or emigrated Jews; and the 13th Ordinance, under which the

Jews were deprived of all legal protection and completely handed over to

the jurisdiction of the police (_1422-PS_; _3085-PS_).

Stuckart, Under-Secretary in the Ministry of Interior, characterized

this legislation as the essential preparation for the “final solution of

the Jewish question” (_3131-PS_).

(2) _Measures against “Inferior Racial Stock.”_ The Public Health

Service was administered as a division of Frick’s Ministry. One of its

subdivisions was devoted to race and heredity problems (_3123-PS_). In

his capacity as chief of this service Frick drafted the basic law

controlling sterilization of persons afflicted with “hereditary

diseases” (_3067-PS_). Its administration was in the hands of his

Ministry (_D-181_; _L-305_).

E. _FRICK’S PARTICIPATION IN THE PREPARATIONS FOR AGGRESSIVE WAR._

Frick wholeheartedly supported the conspirators’ preparations for war.

It was his position that:

“Germany would observe her international undertakings only so

long as it suited Germany’s interests to do so.” (_2385-PS_)

Frick, as Reich Minister of the Interior, was

“The ‘civilian’ defense minister and as such cooperated

prominently * * * in the important field of ‘defense

legislation’ and thereby in the development of * * * Germany’s

armed forces.” (_3119-PS_)

Frick’s Ministry had a division entitled “Armed Forces and Reich

Defense” (_3303-PS_).

(1) _Rearmament and reinstitution of military service._ Frick took a

leading part in Germany’s rearmament in violation of the Versailles

Treaty. He drafted the basic laws on military sevice. These include the

law of 16 March 1935 reintroducing universal military conscription

(_1654-PS_); the decree of 6 March 1936 extending military and labor

service to German citizens abroad; the decree of 16 June 1938 extending

the military service law to Austria (_1660-PS_); and the decree of 30

April 1940 extending the Military Service Law to the incorporated

eastern territories (_see 3043-PS_; _1389-PS_; _388-PS, item 20_).

Frick also supported the military training program of the SA, for the

financing of which his Ministry of Interior was called upon to supply

funds (_1850-PS_).

Additional evidence that Frick contributed to Germany’s rearmament for

aggressive war is contained in a secret order, 25 July 1933, from the

Supreme Command of the SA on the subject, “Publications of the SA.” This

order states that several days before 25 July 1933 the Reich Ministry of

the Interior at the request of the Foreign Office gave strict

instructions to all Reich authorities that the most severe control was

to be exercised over all publications which might give other countries

an opportunity to construe German activities as infringements of the

Versailles Treaty (_D-44_).

(2) _Fifth column activities abroad._ In further preparation for the

aggressive wars planned by the conspirators, Frick used his power,

prestige, and funds as Minister of the Interior in order to command

support for the organization of a Fifth Column abroad among foreign

nationals of German ancestry. In a circular of 24 February 1933 issued

less than a month after the conspirators had taken over the government

of Germany, Frick ordered all State governments to support, especially

financially, the organization work of the League for Germandom Abroad

among the

“30 million Germans in foreign countries [_Auslandsdeutschen._]

outside of the present contracted borders of the Reich [who] are

an integral part of the entire German people.” (_3258-PS_)

Frick at a later date stated even more clearly the true purpose of this

German Fifth Column he was helping to organize abroad. In his speech at

the twentieth annual meeting of the official German Foreign Institute

held in Stuttgart, on 11-15 August 1937, Frick stated that—

“the new Germany has recognized that its attention and devotion

to the welfare of the millions of Germans who have not the

fortune to owe political allegiance to Germany, but who are

condemned to live abroad, are not merely a matter of natural

sympathy and solidarity, but are in a higher degree dictated by

the strong political and economic interests of the Reich.”

(_3258-PS_)

(3) _Organization of civilian agencies for war._ Frick’s principal

contribution to the war preparations of the Nazi conspirators lay in his

role as General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich. He

occupied this position as a member of the Reich Defense Council,

beginning on 21 May 1935 (_2978-PS_).

In this capacity, Frick had complete authority over

“the uniform direction of the nonmilitary administration with

the exception of the economic administrations.”

He was given control over the Ministries of Interior, Justice,

Education, Churches, and the Office for Spatial Planning, in order to

direct their entire planning activities in preparation of war

(_2986-PS_; _2194-PS_). This was Frick’s responsibility during the more

than 4 years that elapsed before the actual launching of the

conspirators’ first aggressive war.

As General Plenipotentiary for the Administration, Frick was a member of

the so-called Three-Man Committee, with Schacht, later Funk (Economy),

and Keitel (OKW). This small group, which was empowered to legislate by

decree on all matters relating to war preparedness, represented during

these decisive years, from 1935 to 1939, a compact, powerful body in

which could be concentrated the conspirators’ preparations for war

(_2986-PS_; see also Section 3, chapter XV on the Reich Cabinet).

In a speech made on 7 March 1940 at the University of Freiburg, Frick

admitted the significant part he played in the preparations for war and

as a member of the triumvirate created by the secret Reich Defense Law.

“* * * The organization of the nonmilitary national defense fits

organically into the entire structure of the National Socialist

government and administration. This state of affairs is not

exceptional, but a necessary and planned part of the National

Socialist order. Thus, the conversion of our administration and

economy to wartime conditions has been accomplished very quickly

and without any friction—avoiding the otherwise very dangerous

changes of the entire structure of the State.

“The planned preparation of the administration for the

possibility of a war has already been carried out during the

peace. For this purpose, the Fuehrer appointed a Plenipotentiary

General for the Reich Administration and a Plenipotentiary

General for the Economy. The Plenipotentiary General for the

Administration was placed in charge of the coordination of the

nonmilitary administrations, with the exception of the

Administration of Economics.” (_2608-PS_)

F. _FRICK’S PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT WAR CRIMES._

Frick, as Minister of the Interior, was charged with the administrative

policy for all occupied and annexed territories. For this purpose, the

Ministry contained a Division for Incorporated Territories, with

Subdivisions entitled Reorganization in the South-East, the

Protectorate, the East, and the West (_3475-PS_).

When the Nazi conspirators embarked on their program of “bloodless”

territorial aggrandizement, Frick was in control of the incorporation

and administration of these territories. Thus, it was Frick’s Ministry

which introduced the German New Order and German law throughout the

territories of Europe occupied by the German Armed Forces. Frick

exercised these powers in the Saar; in Austria (_2307-PS_; _3075-PS_);

in the Sudetenland (_3076-PS_); in Bohemia and Moravia (_2119-PS_); in

Memel; and in Danzig (_3077-PS_).

When the conspirators started their aggressive Wars, Frick was

specifically charged with the organization and integration of the

territories illegally annexed by Germany. Among the territories over

which Frick was given control were the Incorporated Eastern Territories,

the Gouvernment-General of Poland, Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnot, and

Norway.

In the exercise of this over-all administrative control:

(1) Frick provided in detail for the administration of occupied Polish

Territory. It was Frick who was responsible for the installation of an

SS Chief in the Territory in charge of the Police and the forced

resettlement program (_3304-PS_).

(2) Frick provided the administrative personnel for the government of

these occupied territories. Thus, he arranged for the selection and

assignment of hundreds of occupation officials for Russia before the

invasion had even begun (_1039-PS_).

Similarly, Wilhelm Stuckart, former Under-Secretary of the Interior

under Frick, has stated in an interrogation:

“As far as I knew, the officials for the new territories were

selected by the Personnel Office [of the Ministry of the

Interior] according to their qualifications, their physical

condition, and maybe also their knowledge of the language.”

(_3570-PS_)

(3) Frick had complete charge of the program of denationalization, under

which certain groups of citizens in annexed territories were forced

during the progress of the war to abandon their original national

allegiance and to accept German nationality. The decree of 4 March 1941

established a German Racial Registry under which allied nationals of

German stock were required to accept German nationality and to remove to

German territory (_2917-PS_). Among the conquered territories in which

these activities of Frick were felt were Bohemia and Moravia, Upper

Corinthia and Lower Styria, Eupen, Malmedy, and Moresnot, and the

Incorporated Eastern Territories (see _3225-PS_).

These measures place upon Frick a full share of responsibility for the

war crimes committed by the conspiracy in the occupied and annexed

territories.

G. _FRICK’S PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CRIMES AGAINST

HUMANITY._

Frick actively participated in the execution of the conspirators’

program of atrocities and Crimes against Humanity. Even without such

personal participation, however, Frick has admitted that he could

properly be charged with having for 12 years continued in the Reich

Cabinet, after he had realized the direction the conspiracy was taking

(_3043-PS_).

The scope of Frick’s personal and direct responsibility for Nazi Crimes

against Humanity is so broad that reference need be made only to a few

of the most significant instances.

(1) _Gestapo atrocities and concentration camps._ Frick, as

jurisdictional head of the German Police Administration, is responsible

for the crimes and atrocities perpetrated by the German police,

especially the Gestapo and SD, inside and outside of Germany. (See

_1643-PS_; also Chapter XI on Concentration Camps.)

As already stated, Frick demonstrated particular interest in the

“medical” experiments carried on in the concentration camps under the

personal direction of Himmler. Frick paid a personal visit to Germany’s

oldest concentration camp, Dachau, in 1943, for the purpose of

inspecting the malaria station and Dr. Rascher’s Experimental Station

(_3249-PS_). There he could personally acquaint himself with the forced

subjection of healthy camp inmates to malarial mosquitos and the

air-pressure and freezing experiments on human beings carried on by Dr.

Rascher.

(2) _Oppression of inhabitants of occupied territories._ As

administrative head of the occupied territories, Frick issued decrees

depriving the inhabitants of their rights and subjecting them to a cruel

and discriminatory regime. Among these enactments were the decree of 4

December 1941 establishing a special penal law for the Polish and Jewish

inhabitants of the Gouvernment General (_R-96_), (_1249-PS_); the decree

of 1 July 1943 depriving Jews of rights remaining to them under the

decree of 4 December 1941 (_1422-PS_); and the Himmler ordinance of 3

July 1943 charging the Gestapo with the execution of the decree of 1

July 1943 (published in Frick’s Ministry of Interior Gazette 1943, p.

1085) (_3085-PS_).

Similarly, the Decree on the Utilization of Eastern Workers, which

required that they be paid salaries substantially below those fixed for

German workers holding similar jobs, was signed in Frick’s name by his

Secretary of State.

(3) _Systematic killing of insane, ill, aged, and incapacitated foreign

slave laborers._ Frick’s greatest guilt perhaps rests on his

responsibility, as Reich Minister of the Interior, for the systematic

killing of the insane, the sick, and the aged, including those foreign

forced laborers who were no longer able to work. These killings were

carried out in nursing homes, hospitals, and asylums. Frick, in his

capacity of Reichsminister of the Interior, had full jurisdiction over

all these institutions (_3475-PS_).

Proof that the Reichministry of the Interior under Frick actually

exercised this jurisdiction is to be found in a letter of 2 October 1940

(_621-PS_) from the Chief of the Reich Chancellery, Dr. Lammers, to the

Reichsminister of Justice. The letter informed the Minister of Justice

that the Chief Prosecutors’ reports concerning the death of inmates of

nursing homes had been transmitted to the Reichsminister of the Interior

for further action (_621-PS_). Through other correspondence Frick’s

Ministry of the Interior was informed of the unexplained deaths of

insane persons (_1696-PS_; _1969-PS_).

The most striking example of the continued killings in these

institutions, which were under Frick’s jurisdiction, is the famous

Hadamar case. Systematic killing started at the Hadamar nursing home as

early as 1939. At least as early as 1941 Frick was officially acquainted

with the fact that these killings had become public knowledge. Proof is

found in a letter from the Bishop of Limburg of 13 August 1941 to the

Reichsminister of Justice, copies of which were sent to the

Reichsminister of the Interior and the Reichsministerfor Church Affairs.

The letter reads in part as follows:

“* * * About 8 kilometers from Limburg, in the little town of

Hadamar, on a hill overlooking the town, there is an institution

which had formerly served various purposes and of late had been

used as a nursing home; this institution was renovated and

furnished as a place in which, by consensus of opinion, the

above-mentioned Euthenasia has been systematically practiced for

months—approximately since February 1941. The fact has become

known beyond the administrative district of Wiesbaden, because

death certificates from a Registry Hadamar-Moenchberg are sent

to the home communities. * * *

“Several times a week buses arrive in Hadamar with a

considerable number of such victims. School children of the

vicinity know this vehicle and say: ‘There comes the murder-box

again.’ After the arrival of the vehicle, the citizens of

Hadamar watch the smoke rise out of the chimney and are tortured

with the ever-present thought of the miserable victims,

especially when repulsive odors annoy them, depending on the

direction of the wind.

“The effect of the principles at work here are: Children call

each other names and say, ‘You’re crazy; you’ll be sent to the

baking oven in Hadamar.’ Those who do not want to marry, or find

no opportunity, say ‘Marry, never! Bring children into the world

so they can be put into the bottling machine!’ You hear old

folks say, ‘Don’t send me to a state hospital! After the

feeble-minded have been finished off, the next useless eaters

whose turn will come are the old people.’

“* * * The population cannot grasp that systematic actions are

carried out which in accordance with Par. 211 of the German

criminal code are punishable with death! * * *

“Officials of the Secret State Police, it is said, are trying to

suppress discussion of the Hadamar occurrences by means of

severe threats. In the interest of public peace, this may be

well intended. But the knowledge and the conviction and the

indignation of the population cannot be changed by it; the

conviction will be increased with the bitter realization that

discussion is prohibited with threats but that the actions

themselves are not prosecuted under penal law.

“_Facta loquuntur._

“I beg you most humbly, Herr Reich Minister, in the sense of the

report of the Episcopate of July 16 of this year, to prevent

further transgressions of the Fifth Commandment of God.

“(Signed) Dr. Hilfrich” (_615-PS_).

Nevertheless, the killings in these institutions continued year after

year. This is shown by a certified copy of the charge, specifications,

and findings of the U. S. Military Commission at Wiesbaden, against the

individuals who operated the Hadamar Sanitarium, where many Russians and

Poles were done away with. In this particular proceeding, seven

defendants were charged with the murder in 1944 and 1945 of 400 persons

of Polish and Russian nationality. Three of the defendants were

sentenced to be hanged; the other four were sentenced to confinement at

hard labor (_3592-PS_).

But the murdering in Hadamar was only part of a systematic program. The

official report of the Czechoslovak War Crimes Commission, entitled

“Detailed Statement on the Murdering of Ill and Aged People in Germany,”

shows that Frick was one of the originators of the secret law of 1940,

which authorized the killing of sick and aged persons and under which

the Hadamar “murder mill” was operated until 1945. The first 3

paragraphs of that report read as follows:

“1. The murdering can be traced back to a secret law which was

released some time in the summer of 1940.

“2. Besides the Chief Physician of the Reich, Dr. L. Conti, the

Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler, the Reichsminister of the Interior Dr.

Frick, as well as other men, the following participated in the

introduction of this secret law * * *.

“3. As I have already stated, there were—after careful

calculation—at least 200,000 mainly mentally deficient,

imbeciles, besides neurological cases and medically unfit

people—these were not only incurable cases—and at least 75,000

aged people.” (_1556-PS_).

Thus, Frick bears full responsibility for the systematic killing of the

“unproductive eaters,” for whom the Nazi war machine had no use.

(4) _Oppression in Bohemia and Moravia._ The final phase of Frick’s

criminal activities began with his appointment as Protector in Bohemia

and Moravia, on 20 August 1943 (_3086-PS_).

His authority was clearly defined in a Secret Decree issued on 29 August

1943. That Decree provided that the Reich Protector was “the

representative of the Fuehrer in his capacity as Chief of State.” In

addition to this over-all authority, Frick was given jurisdiction “to

confirm the members of the government of the Protectorate, to appoint,

dismiss and retire the German civil servants in the Protectorate.” He

was given full power “to grant pardons and to quash proceedings in all

cases except in cases before the Military and SS Police Courts”

(_1366-PS_).

These broad powers establish the clear responsibility of Frick for the

crimes committed in the Protectorate under his administration during the

last 20 months of the War. As representative of the Fuehrer in the

Protectorate, he covered these criminal acts with Hitler’s name and

absolute power.

As a single example of these crimes, reference may be made to Supplement

6 to the official Czechoslovak Report on German Crimes Against

Czechoslovakia:

“During the tenure of office of defendant Wilhelm Frick as Reich

Protector of Bohemia and Moravia from August 1943 until the

liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945, many thousands of

Czechoslovak Jews were transported from the Terezin ghetto in

Czechoslovakia to the concentration camp at Oswiecziem

(Auschwitz) in Poland and were there killed in the gas

chambers.” (_3589-PS_).

Frick was also fully responsible for the multiple and notorious

miscarriages of justice by which the population of the Protectorate was

systematically persecuted and oppressed. His failure to correct these

miscarriages of justice through the exercise of his right to grant

pardons and to quash legal proceedings is tantamount to a confirmation

of the cruel and illegal sentences imposed upon the inhabitants of the

Protectorate (_1556-PS_; _3589-PS_).

Frick’s specific responsibility on these counts must be added to the

over-all responsibility which he bears because of the fact that he was

in power as Reich Protector while such Crimes against Humanity were

committed against the population of Bohemia and Moravia (_3443-PS_).

H. _CONCLUSION._

Frick, who joined the Nazi conspiracy at its early beginning, played

within the conspiracy the role of expert administrator and coordinator

of State and Party affairs. Misusing his governmental positions in the

pre-Hitler era, he gave aid and protection to the conspirators when they

were still weak. He supported them in their first attempt to come into

power by force, expecting to gain high office from their success. He was

the first to carry their revolutionary program from the Beer Hall to the

Reichstag Rostrum. As their earliest important office-holder (in

Thuringia), he developed for the first time their totalitarian and

terroristic methods of political and intellectual control.

Upon the accession to power of the Nazi conspirators on 30 January 1933,

Frick took over the vital Ministry of Interior. From this position he

directed the realization of the entire domestic program of the

conspiracy. He took complete charge of the successive destruction of the

parliamentary system, of autonomous State and local government, and of

the career civil service. He planned and executed the measures which

subjected the government itself to the domination of the Nazi Party. He

then proceeded to establish a huge Reich Police Force under Himmler,

which became the instrument with which the Nazi conspirators terrorized

and ultimately “liquidated” all opposition inside and outside Germany in

concentration and extermination camps.

In order to give the semblance of law to the criminal acts of the

conspirators, Frick drafted legislation to withdraw constitutional

protection from the rights and liberties which they had determined to

wipe out. He participated in the relentless and violent persecution of

all persons and groups who were considered as actual or potential

opponents of the conspirators’ plans. Among these were the churches, the

free trade unions, and especially the Jews.

Having secured absolute control over Germany for the conspirators, Frick

proceeded to bring the German people and State into readiness for the

wars of aggression planned by the conspirators. He established the

system of military and labor service on which the _Wehrmacht_ was to

rest. He took over the planning of Germany’s civilian wartime

administration, which was to back it up. In this capacity he organized

and supervised the killing of the useless eaters, the insane, crippled,

aged, and such foreign forced laborers who were no longer able to work.

As the Nazi conspirators began to achieve their predatory aims, Frick

was active in the coordination of the administration of the territories

and peoples which fell into Nazi hands. He presided over the annexation

of territories and the denationalization of their inhabitants in

violation of the Hague Conventions. When the conspirators were ready to

proceed to the realization of their ultimate goals, especially the

complete enslavement and annihilation of conquered populations, Frick

devised the basic legislation for their disfranchisement and finally

took personal charge of one of the oppressed nations, Czechoslovakia.

Thus, Frick was one of the principal artisans of the conspiracy

throughout its course. His contribution to its progress was essential in

all its phases, and decisive in many. He nurtured the conspiracy,

directed its followers, terrorized its opponents, and destroyed its

victims.

I. _POSITIONS HELD BY FRICK._

(1) Between 1932 and 1945 Frick held the following positions:

(_a_) Member of the Nazi Party, 1925-1945 (_3127-PS_).

(_b_) _Reichsleiter_ (Member of the Party Directorate) in his capacity

as _Fraktionsfuehrer_ (Floorleader) of NSDAP in the Reichstag.

(_c_) Member of the Reichstag, 7 December 1924-1945.

(_d_) Reich Minister of the Interior, 30 January 1933-20 August 1943

(_2381-PS_; _3086-PS_).

(_e_) Prussian Minister of the Interior, 1 May 1934-20 August 1943

(_3132-PS_; _3086-PS_).

(_f_) Reich Director of Elections, 30 January 1933-20 August 1943

(_3123-PS_; _3086-PS_).

(_g_) General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich, 21

May 1935-20 August 1943 (_2978-PS_; _3086-PS_).

(_h_) Head of the Central Office for the Reunification of Austria and

the German Reich (_2307-PS_; _1060-PS_; _3123-PS_).

(_i_) Director of the Central Office for the Incorporation of

Sudetenland, Memel, Danzig, the Eastern Incorporated Territories, Eupen,

Malmedy, and Moresnot (_3076-PS_; _3077-PS_).

(_j_) Director of the Central Office for the Protectorate of Bohemia,

Moravia, the Government General, Lower Styria, Upper Carinthia, Norway,

Alsace, Lorraine, and all other occupied territories (_2119-PS_;

_3123-PS_).

(_k_) Reich Protector for Bohemia and Moravia, 20 August 1943-1945

(_3086-PS_).

(2) Between 1917 and 1945, Wilhelm Frick held the additional following

positions:

(_a_) Chief of the Criminal (later the Political) Division of the Munich

Police Department, 1917-1923 (_2381-PS_).

(_b_) _Fraktionsfuehrer_ (Floorleader) of the NSDAP in the Reichstag,

1927-1945 (_2381-PS_).

(_c_) Minister of the Interior and of Education of the Free State of

Thuringia, 23 January 1930-1 April 1931 (_2381-PS_).

(_d_) Member of the Reich Defense Council, 21 May 1935-20 August 1943

(_2978-PS_).

(_e_) Member of the Ministerial Council for the Defense of the Reich, 30

August 1939-20 August 1943 (_2018-PS_).

(_f_) Reich Minister without Portfolio, 20 August 1943-1945 (_3086-PS_).

* * * * *

LEGAL REFERENCES AND LIST OF DOCUMENTS RELATING TO WILHELM FRICK

│ │ │

Document │ Description │ Vol. │ Page

│ │ │

│Charter of the International Military │ │

│ Tribunal, Article 6. │ I │ 5

│International Military Tribunal, │ │

│ Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H);│ │

│ Appendix A. │ I │ 29, 60

│ ———— │ │

│Note: A single asterisk (*) before a │ │

│document indicates that the document │ │

│was received in evidence at the │ │

│Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**)│ │

│before a document number indicates │ │

│that the document was referred to │ │

│during the trial but was not formally │ │

│received in evidence, for the reason │ │

│given in parentheses following the │ │

│description of the document. The USA │ │

│series number, given in parentheses │ │

│following the description of the │ │

│document, is the official exhibit │ │

│number assigned by the court. │ │

│ ———— │ │

*374-PS │TWX Series of Orders signed by │ │

│Heydrich and Mueller, issued by │ │

│Gestapo Headquarters Berlin, 9-11 │ │

│November 1938, concerning treatment of│ │

│Jews. (USA 729) │ III │ 277

│ │ │

*388-PS │File of papers on Case Green (the plan│ │

│for the attack on Czechoslovakia), │ │

│kept by Schmundt, Hitler’s adjutant, │ │

│April-October 1938. (USA 26) │ III │ 305

│ │ │

405-PS │Law Concerning Trustees of Labor, 19 │ │

│May 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part│ │

│I, p. 285. │ III │ 387

│ │ │

615-PS │Letter from Bishop of Limburg, 13 │ │

│August 1941, concerning killings at │ │

│Hadamar Asylum. (USA 717) │ III │ 449

│ │ │

*621-PS │Letter from Dr. Lammers to Minister of│ │

│Justice, 2 October 1940, concerning │ │

│deaths of Nursing Home inmates. (USA │ │

│715) │ III │ 451

│ │ │

*647-PS │Secret Hitler Order, 17 August 1938, │ │

│concerning organization and │ │

│mobilization of SS. (USA 443) │ III │ 459

│ │ │

680-PS │Letter by Frick to heads of Agencies, │ │

│5 May 1938, proposing methods for │ │

│invalidating Concordat between Austria│ │

│and the Holy See. │ III │ 483

│ │ │

779-PS │Directive by Frick, regulating │ │

│“protective custody”, 12 April 1934. │ III │ 555

│ │ │

*1039-PS │Report concerning preparatory work │ │

│regarding problems in Eastern │ │

│Territories, 28 June 1941, found in │ │

│Rosenberg’s “Russia File”. (USA 146) │ III │ 695

│ │ │

**1060-PS │Order pursuant to law concerning │ │

│Reunion of Austria with German Reich, │ │

│16 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt,│ │

│part I, p. 249. (Referred to, but not │ │

│offered in evidence.) │ III │ 717

│ │ │

1249-PS │Ordinance, 1 June 1942, issued under │ │

│Decree of 4 December 1941 for │ │

│establishment of courts-martial in │ │

│annexed Eastern Territories of Upper │ │

│Silesia. │ III │ 851

│ │ │

1366-PS │Decree of 29 August 1943 on the │ │

│position, duties, and authorities of │ │

│the Reich Protector in Bohemia and │ │

│Moravia; Budget of the Reich │ │

│Protectorate for 1944. │ III │ 925

│ │ │

1388-PS │Law concerning confiscation of │ │

│Property subversive to People and │ │

│State, 14 July 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 479. │ III │ 962

│ │ │

1388-A-PS │Law against the establishment of │ │

│Parties, 14 July 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 479. │ III │ 962

│ │ │

1389-PS │Law creating Reich Labor Service, 26 │ │

│June 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│part I, p. 769. │ III │ 963

│ │ │

1390-PS │Decree of the Reich President for the │ │

│Protection of the People and State, 28│ │

│February 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt,│ │

│part I, p. 83. │ III │ 968

│ │ │

1393-PS │Law on treacherous attacks against │ │

│State and Party, and for the │ │

│Protection of Party Uniforms, 20 │ │

│December 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt,│ │

│part I, p. 1269. │ III │ 973

│ │ │

*1395-PS │Law to insure the unity of Party and │ │

│State, 1 December 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1016. │ │

│(GB 252) │ III │ 978

│ │ │

1396-PS │Law concerning the confiscation of │ │

│Communist property, 26 May 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 293. │ III │ 979

│ │ │

1397-PS │Law for the reestablishment of the │ │

│Professional Civil Service, 7 April │ │

│1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │

│p. 175. │ III │ 981

│ │ │

1398-PS │Law to supplement the Law for the │ │

│restoration of the Professional Civil │ │

│Service, 20 July 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 518. │ III │ 986

│ │ │

1403-PS │Law on the granting of indemnities in │ │

│case of confiscation or transfer of │ │

│property, 9 December 1937. 1937 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1333. │ III │ 991

│ │ │

1409-PS │Order concerning utilization of Jewish│ │

│property, 3 December 1938. 1938 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1709. │ IV │ 1

│ │ │

1416-PS │Reich Citizen Law of 15 September │ │

│1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │

│p. 1146. │ IV │ 7

│ │ │

*1417-PS │First regulation to the Reichs │ │

│Citizenship Law, 14 November 1935. │ │

│1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. │ │

│1333. (GB 258) │ IV │ 8

│ │ │

1422-PS │Thirteenth regulation under Reich │ │

│Citizenship Law, 1 July 1943. 1943 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 372. │ IV │ 14

│ │ │

1437-PS │Law concerning reuniting of Austria │ │

│with German Reich, 18 March 1938. 1938│ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 262. │ IV │ 17

│ │ │

*1482-PS │Secret letter, 20 July 1935 to │ │

│provincial governments and the │ │

│Prussian Gestapo from Frick, │ │

│concerning Confessional Youth │ │

│Organizations. (USA 738) │ IV │ 51

│ │ │

*1498-PS │Order of Frick, 6 November 1934, │ │

│addressed inter alios to Prussian │ │

│Gestapo prohibiting publication of │ │

│Protestant Church announcements. (USA │ │

│739) │ IV │ 52

│ │ │

1551-PS │Decree assigning functions in Office │ │

│of Chief of German Police, 26 June │ │

│1936. 1936 Reichs Ministerialblatt, │ │

│pp. 946-948. │ IV │ 106

│ │ │

*1556-PS │Czechoslovakian report, December 1941,│ │

│naming Frick as one of the originators│ │

│of secret law authorizing the killing │ │

│of sick and aged persons. (USA 716) │ IV │ 111

│ │ │

1637-PS │Order of Himmler, 23 June 1938, │ │

│concerning acceptance of members of │ │

│Security Police into the SS. 1938 │ │

│Reichs Ministerialblatt, pp. │ │

│1089-1091. │ IV │ 138

│ │ │

1638-PS │Circular of Minister of Interior, 11 │ │

│November 1938, on cooperation of SD │ │

│and other authorities. 1938 Reichs │ │

│Ministerialblatt, p. 1906. │ IV │ 142

│ │ │

*1643-PS │Documents concerning confiscation of │ │

│land for the establishment of the │ │

│Auschwitz Extermination Camp. (USA │ │

│713) │ IV │ 155

│ │ │

1652-PS │Decree of the Reich President for │ │

│protection against treacherous attacks│ │

│on the government of the Nationalist │ │

│movement, 21 March 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 135. │ IV │ 160

│ │ │

**1654-PS │Law of 16 March 1935 reintroducing │ │

│universal military conscription. 1935 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 369. │ │

│(Referred to but not offered in │ │

│evidence.) │ IV │ 163

│ │ │

1660-PS │Decree for registration for active │ │

│service in Austria in the year 1938 of│ │

│16 June 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│part I, p. 631. │ IV │ 171

│ │ │

1662-PS │Order eliminating Jews from German │ │

│economic life, 12 November 1938. 1938 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1580. │ IV │ 172

│ │ │

*1680-PS │“Ten Years Security Police and SD” │ │

│published in The German Police, 1 │ │

│February 1943. (USA 477) │ IV │ 191

│ │ │

1696-PS │Correspondence with Ministry of │ │

│Interior showing unexplained deaths of│ │

│insane persons. │ IV │ 199

│ │ │

*1723-PS │Order concerning cooperation of Party │ │

│offices with the Secret State Police, │ │

│25 January 1938, published in Decrees,│ │

│Regulations, Announcements, 1937, vol.│ │

│II, pp. 430-439. (USA 206) │ IV │ 219

│ │ │

1770-PS │Law concerning factory representative │ │

│councils and economic organizations, 4│ │

│April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│part I, p. 161. │ IV │ 343

│ │ │

*1816-PS │Stenographic report of the meeting on │ │

│The Jewish Question, under the │ │

│Chairmanship of Fieldmarshal Goering, │ │

│12 November 1938. (USA 261) │ IV │ 425

│ │ │

*1850-PS │Conferences, 1933, calling for │ │

│financing of military training of SA │ │

│from Ministry of Interior funds. (USA │ │

│742) │ IV │ 478

│ │ │

*1852-PS │“Law” from The German Police, 1941, by│ │

│Dr. Werner Best. (USA 449) (See Chart │ │

│No. 16.) │ IV │ 490

│ │ │

1861-PS │Law on the regulation of National │ │

│labor, 20 January 1934. 1934 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 45. │ IV │ 497

│ │ │

1969-PS │Correspondence of party officials, │ │

│concerning killing of insane. │ IV │ 602

│ │ │

2000-PS │Law for protection of German blood and│ │

│German honor, 15 September 1935. 1935 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, No. 100, p.│ │

│1146. │ IV │ 636

│ │ │

2001-PS │Law to Remove the Distress of People │ │

│and State, 24 March 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 141. │ IV │ 638

│ │ │

2003-PS │Law concerning the Sovereign Head of │ │

│the German Reich, 1 August 1934. 1934 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 747. │ IV │ 639

│ │ │

2004-PS │Preliminary law for the coordination │ │

│of Federal States under the Reich, 31 │ │

│March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│part I, p. 153. │ IV │ 640

│ │ │

2005-PS │Second law integrating the “Laender” │ │

│with the Reich, 7 April 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 173. │ IV │ 641

│ │ │

2008-PS │German Communal Ordinance, 30 January │ │

│1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │

│p. 49. │ IV │ 643

│ │ │

*2018-PS │Fuehrer’s decree establishing a │ │

│Ministerial Council for Reich Defense,│ │

│30 August 1939. 1939 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1539. │ │

│(GB 250) │ IV │ 650

│ │ │

2058-PS │Decree for the securing of the State │ │

│Leadership, 7 July 1933. 1933 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 462. │ IV │ 699

│ │ │

2073-PS │Decree concerning the appointment of a│ │

│Chief of German Police in the Ministry│ │

│of the Interior, 17 June 1936. 1936 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 487. │ IV │ 703

│ │ │

2108-PS │Decree for execution of Law on Secret │ │

│State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936│ │

│Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp. 22-24.│ IV │ 732

│ │ │

2118-PS │Police decree on identification of │ │

│Jews, 1 September 1941. 1941 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 547. │ IV │ 750

│ │ │

2119-PS │Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich │ │

│Chancellor concerning the Protectorate│ │

│of Bohemia and Moravia, 16 March 1939.│ IV │ 751

│ │ │

2124-PS │Decree introducing the Nurnberg Racial│ │

│Laws into Austria, 20 May 1938. 1938 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 594. (GB│ │

│259) │ IV │ 755

│ │ │

*2194-PS │Top secret letter from Ministry for │ │

│Economy and Labor, Saxony, to Reich │ │

│Protector in Bohemia and Moravia, │ │

│enclosing copy of 1938 Secret Defense │ │

│Law of 4 September 1938. (USA 36) │ IV │ 843

│ │ │

2245-PS │Frick decree of 20 September 1936 │ │

│concerning employment of Security │ │

│Police Inspectors. 1936 Reichs │ │

│Ministerialblatt, pp. 1343-1344. │ IV │ 928

│ │ │

*2307-PS │Law concerning reunion of Austria with│ │

│German Reich, 13 March 1938. 1938 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 237. (GB│ │

│133) │ IV │ 997

│ │ │

*2380-PS │Articles from National Socialist │ │

│Yearbook, 1935. (USA 396) │ V │ 6

│ │ │

*2381-PS │Extracts from The Greater German Diet,│ │

│1943. (USA 476) │ V │ 7

│ │ │

*2385-PS │Affidavit of George S. Messersmith, 30│ │

│August 1945. (USA 68) │ V │ 23

│ │ │

2403-PS │The End of the Party State, from │ │

│Documents of German Politics, vol. I, │ │

│pp. 55-56. │ V │ 71

│ │ │

*2513-PS │Extract from The National Socialist │ │

│Workers’ Party as an Association │ │

│Hostile to State and to Republican │ │

│Form of Government and Guilty of │ │

│Treasonable Activity. (USA 235) │ V │ 252

│ │ │

*2608-PS │Frick’s lecture, 7 March 1940, on “The│ │

│Administration in Wartime”. (USA 714) │ V │ 327

│ │ │

2742-PS │Passage written by Frick in National │ │

│Socialist Yearbook, 1927, p. 124. │ V │ 383

│ │ │

2917-PS │Decree concerning German people’s list│ │

│and German nationality in the │ │

│incorporated Eastern Territories of 4 │ │

│March 1941. 1941 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │

│part I, p. 118. │ V │ 587

│ │ │

*2978-PS │Frick’s statement of offices and │ │

│positions, 14 November 1945. (USA 8) │ V │ 683

│ │ │

*2986-PS │Affidavit of the defendant, Wilhelm │ │

│Frick, 19 November 1945. (USA 409) │ V │ 688

│ │ │

3043-PS │Affidavit of Frick, November 1945. │ V │ 755

│ │ │

*3051-PS │Three teletype orders from Heydrich to│ │

│all stations of State Police, 10 │ │

│November 1938, on measures against │ │

│Jews, and one order from Heydrich on │ │

│termination of protest actions. (USA │ │

│240) │ V │ 797

│ │ │

*3058-PS │Letter from Heydrich to Goering, 11 │ │

│November 1938, reporting action │ │

│against the Jews. (USA 508) │ V │ 854

│ │ │

3067-PS │Law for the prevention of offspring │ │

│with Hereditary diseases, 14 July │ │

│1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │

│p. 529. │ V │ 880

│ │ │

3075-PS │Law for the building up of │ │

│administration in Ostmark, 14 April │ │

│1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │

│p. 777. │ V │ 884

│ │ │

3076-PS │Law for building up of administrations│ │

│in Reich Gau Sudetenland, 14 April │ │

│1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │

│p. 780. │ V │ 889

│ │ │

3077-PS │Law regarding reunion of Free City of │ │

│Danzig with German Reich of 1 │ │

│September 1939. 1939 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1547. │ V │ 891

│ │ │

3085-PS │Himmler’s ordinance of 3 July 1943 │ │

│charging Gestapo with execution of │ │

│Thirteenth Ordinance under Reich │ │

│Citizen Law. 1943 Ministerial Gazette │ │

│of Reich and Prussian Ministry of │ │

│Interior, p. 1085. │ V │ 892

│ │ │

3086-PS │Appointment of Frick as Reich │ │

│Protector, published in The Archives, │ │

│August 1943, p. 347. │ V │ 893

│ │ │

*3119-PS │Extract from Dr. Wilhelm Frick and His│ │

│Ministry. (USA 711) │ V │ 893

│ │ │

3123-PS │Extracts from Manual for │ │

│Administrative Officials, 1943. │ V │ 900

│ │ │

*3124-PS │Extracts from Rudolf Hess—Speeches. │ │

│(GB 253) │ V │ 902

│ │ │

3125-PS │Extract of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler,│ │

│39th edition, 1933, p. 403. │ V │ 904

│ │ │

3127-PS │Announcement of 60th anniversary of │ │

│Dr. Frick in National Socialist │ │

│Monthly, 1937, p. 346. │ V │ 905

│ │ │

3128-PS │Extracts from Our Reich Cabinet, 1936.│ V │ 905

│ │ │

3131-PS │Extract from Racial Eugenics in the │ │

│Reich Legislation, 1943, p. 14. │ V │ 906

│ │ │

3132-PS │Extracts from Dates of the History of │ │

│the NSDAP, 1939. │ V │ 906

│ │ │

3225-PS │Extract from 1942 Reorganization of │ │

│Law and Economy. │ V │ 936

│ │ │

*3249-PS │Affidavit of Dr. Franz Blaha, 24 │ │

│November 1945. (USA 663) │ V │ 949

│ │ │

*3258-PS │Extracts from National Socialism Basic│ │

│Principles, Their Application by the │ │

│Nazi Party’s Foreign Organization, and│ │

│the Use of Germans Abroad for Nazi │ │

│Aims, by U. S. Government Printing │ │

│Office, Washington, 1943. (GB 262) │ V │ 997

│ │ │

3303-PS │Extract from Handbook of the German │ │

│Reich, 1936. │ V │ 1099

│ │ │

3304-PS │Second Order for execution of decree │ │

│of Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor │ │

│concerning formation and │ │

│administration of Eastern Territories,│ │

│2 November 1939. 1939 │ │

│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 2133. │ V │ 1100

│ │ │

3399-PS │Affidavit of R. M. W. Kempner, 11 │ │

│December 1945. │ VI │ 116

│ │ │

3443-PS │Supplement No. 5 to official │ │

│Czechoslovak report, containing an │ │

│official memorandum on activities of │ │

│defendant Wilhelm Frick. │ VI │ 151

│ │ │

*3475-PS │Manual for Administrative Officials, │ │

│1943. (USA 710) │ VI │ 200

│ │ │

*3564-PS │Affidavit of Otto L. Meissner, 27 │ │

│December 1945, concerning Frick. (USA │ │

│709) │ VI │ 253

│ │ │

3565-PS │Affidavit of Franz Ritter von Epp, 27 │ │

│December 1945, concerning Frick. │ VI │ 253

│ │ │

3570-PS │Interrogation testimony of Wilhelm │ │

│Stuckart, former State Secretary of │ │

│Interior, at Oberursel, 21 September │ │

│1945. │ VI │ 263

│ │ │

*3589-PS │Supplement No. 6 to Official │ │

│Czechoslovak Report called “German │ │

│Crimes against Czechoslovakia”, 7 │ │

│January 1946. (USA 720) │ VI │ 287

│ │ │

*3592-PS │Charges, specifications, findings and │ │

│sentence of Alfons Klein and others │ │

│tried at Wiesbaden, Hadamar Case. (USA│ │

│718) │ VI │ 296

│ │ │

*3593-PS │Interrogation of Hermann Goering, 13 │ │

│October 1945. (USA 712) │ VI │ 298

│ │ │

*3601-PS │Affidavit of Sidney Mendel, 28 │ │

│December 1945, concerning the │ │

│connection of Frick’s Ministry of │ │

│Interior with concentration camps. (GB│ │

│324) │ VI │ 313

│ │ │

D-43 │Official circular, 26 March 1936, │ │

│concerning Reichstag elections on 29 │ │

│March 1936. │ VI │ 1024

│ │ │

D-44 │Circular, 25 July 1933, referring to │ │

│publications of SA activities. (USA │ │

│428) │ VI │ 1024

│ │ │

*D-181 │Circular from Gauleiter of South │ │

│Westphalia, 21 January 1937, │ │

│concerning Hereditary Health Law. (GB │ │

│528) │ VI │ 1073

│ │ │

L-82 │Decrees of 26 April 1933, 30 November │ │

│1933, 10 February 1936, on the │ │

│organization of the Gestapo from 1933 │ │

│Preussische Gesetzsammlung, p. 122. │ VII │ 855

│ │ │

*L-83 │Affidavit of Gerhart H. Seger, 21 July│ │

│1945. (USA 234) │ VII │ 859

│ │ │

L-302 │Dr. Werner Spehr: The Law of │ │

│Protective Custody, Berlin, 1937, p. │ │

│11-13. │ VII │ 1100

│ │ │

L-305 │Correspondence concerning compulsory │ │

│sterilization on orders of Ministry of│ │

│Interior of all descendants of colored│ │

│occupation troops. │ VII │ 1102

│ │ │

*R-96 │Correspondence of Minister of Justice │ │

│in preparation of the discriminatory │ │

│decree of 4 December 1941 regarding │ │

│criminal justice against Poles and │ │

│Jews in annexed Eastern Territories. │ │

│(GB 268) │ VIII │ 72

│ │ │

*R-101-A │Letter from Chief of the Security │ │

│Police and Security Service to the │ │

│Reich Commissioner for the │ │

│Consolidation of German Folkdom, 5 │ │

│April 1940, with enclosures concerning│ │

│confiscation of church property. (USA │ │

│358) │ VIII │ 87

│ │ │

R-101-B │Letter from Himmler to Dr. Winkler, 31│ │

│October 1940, concerning treatment of │ │

│church property in incorporated │ │

│Eastern countries. │ VIII │ 89

│ │ │

R-101-C │Letter to Reich Leader SS, 30 July │ │

│1941, concerning treatment of church │ │

│property in incorporated Eastern │ │

│areas. (USA 358) │ VIII │ 91

│ │ │

*R-101-D │Letter from Chief of Staff of the │ │

│Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) to │ │

│Reich Leader SS, 30 March 1942, │ │

│concerning confiscation of church │ │

│property. (USA 358) │ VIII │ 92

│ │ │

*Chart No. 1 │National Socialist German Workers’ │ │

│Party. (2903-PS; USA 2) │ VIII │ 770

│ │ │

*Chart No. 16 │The Structure of the German Police. │

│(1852-PS; USA 449) │ End of VIII

10. JULIUS STREICHER

Through his words and his deeds Julius Streicher assumed for himself the

unofficial title of “Jew-baiter Number One” of Nazi Germany. For the

course of some twenty-five years, Streicher educated the German people

in hatred and incited them to the persecution and to the extermination

of the Jewish race. He was an accessory to murder, on a scale perhaps

never attained before.

A. _STREICHER’S CAREER AND POSITIONS._

Streicher was born in 1885. He became a school teacher in Nurnberg and

formed a party of his own, which he called the German Socialist Party.

The chief policy of that party was anti-semitism. In 1922 he handed over

his party to Hitler, who wrote a glowing account of Streicher’s

generosity in _Mein Kampf_ (_M-3_).

The appointments which Streicher held in the Party and state were few.

From 1921 until 1945, he was a member of the Nazi Party. In 1925 he was

appointed Gauleiter of Franconia, and he remained as such until about

February 1940. From the time that the Nazi government came into power in

1933 until 1945 he was a member of the Reichstag. In addition to that,

he held the title of Obergruppenfuehrer in the SA (_2975-PS_).

The propaganda which Streicher carried out throughout those years was

chiefly done through the medium of his newspapers. He was the editor and

publisher of “_Der Stuermer_” from 1922 until 1933, and thereafter the

publisher and owner of the paper. In 1933 he also founded and thereafter

published a daily newspaper called the “_Fraenkische Tageszeitung_.”

In addition, in later years he published several other papers, mostly

local journals, from Nurnberg.

B. _STREICHER’S PART IN THE REMOVAL OF OPPOSITION THROUGH ANTI-JEWISH

PROPAGANDA AND INCITEMENT._

The course of Streicher’s incitement and propaganda may be traced more

or less in chronological order by referring to short extracts from “_Der

Stuermer_.” The extracts which follow were selected at random. They were

selected with a view to showing the various methods which Streicher

employed to incite the German people against the Jewish race, but his

newspapers are crowded with them, week after week, day after day. It is

impossible to pick up any copy without finding the same kind of

invective and incitement in the headlines and in the articles.

In a speech which Streicher made in 1922 in Nurnberg, after abusing the

Jews in the first paragraph, he went on to say:

“We know that Germany will be free when the Jew has been

excluded from the life of the German people.” (_M-11_).

In a speech in 1924 he stated:

“I beg you and particularly those of you who carry the cross

throughout the land to become somewhat more serious when I speak

of the enemy of the German people, namely, the Jew. Not out of

irresponsibility or for fun do I fight against the Jewish enemy,

but because I bear within me the knowledge that the whole

misfortune was brought to Germany by the Jews alone.

“I ask you once more, what is at stake today? The Jew seeks

domination not only among the German people but among all

peoples. The communists pave the way for him. Do you not know

that the God of the Old Testament orders the Jews to consume and

enslave the peoples of the earth?

“The government allows the Jew to do as he pleases. The people

expect action to be taken. You may think about Adolf Hitler as

you please, but one thing you must admit. He possessed the

courage to attempt to free the German people from the Jew by a

national revolution. That was action indeed.” (_M-12_).

In a speech in April 1925 Streicher declared:

“You must realize that the Jew wants our people to perish. That

is why you must join us and leave those who have brought you

nothing but war, inflation, and discord. For thousands of years

the Jew has been destroying the nations. Let us make a new

beginning today so that we can annihilate the Jews.” (_M-13_).

This appears to be the earliest expression of one of the conspirators’

primary objectives—the annihilation of the Jewish race. Fourteen years

later it became the official policy of the Nazi Government.

In April 1932 Streicher made the following statement:

“For 13 years I have fought against Jewry.”

* * * * * *

“We know that the Jew whether he is baptized as a Protestant or

as a Catholic, remains a Jew. Why cannot you realize, you

Protestant clergymen, you Catholic priests, you who have scales

before your eyes and serve the god of the Jews who is not the

God of Love but the God of Hate. Why do you not listen to

Christ, who said to the Jews, ‘You are children of the devil’.”

(_M-14_).

(1) _The Anti-Jewish Boycott of 1933._

When the Nazi Party came to power, they officially started their

campaign against the Jews by the boycott of 1 April 1933. The boycott

was agreed on and approved by the whole government, as appears from

Goebbels’ diary (_2409-PS_).

Streicher was appointed the chairman of the central committee for the

organization of that boycott. He started his work on Wednesday, 29 March

(_2156-PS_).

On that same day the central committee issued a proclamation announcing

that the boycott would start on Saturday at 10:00 AM sharp:

“Jewry will realize whom it has challenged.” (_M-7_).

On 30 March, two days before the boycott was due to start, an article

was published under the title, “Defeat the Enemy of the World!—by

Julius Streicher, official leader of the central committee to combat the

Jewish atrocity and boycott campaign” (_2153-PS_). The article stated,

in part:

“Jewry wanted this battle. It shall have it until it realizes

that the Germany of the brown battalions is not a country of

cowardice and surrender. Jewry will have to fight until we have

won victory.

“National Socialists! Defeat the enemy of the world. Even if the

world is full of devils, we shall succeed in the end.”

(_2153-PS_).

As head of the central committee for that boycott, Streicher outlined in

detail the organization of the boycott in orders which the committee

published on 31 March 1933 (_2154-PS_). The committee stressed that no

violence should be employed against the Jews during the boycott, but not

for humanitarian reasons. The order was issued because, if no violence

were employed, Jewish employers would have no grounds for discharging

their employees without notice, and for refusing to pay them any wages.

The Jews were also reported, apparently, to be transferring businesses

to German figureheads in order to alleviate the results of this

persecution; accordingly the committee declared that any property so

transferred was to be considered as Jewish for the purpose of the

boycott (_2154-PS_).

It is therefore clear that early in 1933 Streicher was taking a leading

part, as appointed by the Government, in the persecution against the

Jews.

Further extracts from Streicher’s newspapers illustrate the form which

his propaganda developed as the years went on. An article in the New

Year’s issue of a new paper founded and edited by Streicher—a

semimedical paper called “The People’s Health Through Blood and

Soil”—is an example of the remarkable lengths to which he went in

propagandizing against the Jews:

“It is established for all eternity; alien albumen is the sperm

of a man of alien race. The male sperm in cohabitation is

partially or completely absorbed by the female, and thus enters

her bloodstream. One single cohabitation of a Jew with an Aryan

woman is sufficient to poison her blood forever. Together with

the alien albumen she has absorbed the alien soul. Never again

will she be able to bear purely Aryan children, even when

married to an Aryan. They will all be bastards, with a dual soul

and a body of a mixed breed. Their children will also be

crossbreeds; that means, ugly people of unsteady character and

with a tendency to illnesses. Now we know why the Jew uses every

artifice of seduction in order to ravish German girls at as

early an age as possible; why the Jewish doctor rapes his

patients while they were under anaesthetic. He wants the German

girl and the German woman to absorb the alien sperm of the Jew.

She is never again to bear German children. But the blood

products of all animals right down to the bacteria like the

serum, lymph, extracts from internal organs etc., are all alien

albumen. They have a poisonous effect if directly introduced

into the blood stream either by vaccination or by injection. By

these products of sick animals the blood is ravished, the Aryan

is impregnated with an alien species. The author and abettor of

such action is the Jew. He has been aware of the secrets of the

race question for centuries, and therefore plans systematically

the annihilation of the nations which are superior to him.

Science and authorities are his instruments for the enforcing of

pseudo-science and the concealment of truth.” (_M-20_).

At the beginning of 1935, the following extract, entitled “The Chosen

People of the Criminals,” appeared in “_Der Stuermer_”:

“* * * and all the same, or, let us say, just because of this,

the history book of the Jews, which is usually called the Holy

Scriptures, impresses us as a horrible criminal romance, which

makes the 150 penny-dreadfuls of the British Jew, Edgar Wallace,

go green with envy. This ‘holy’ book abounds in murder, incest,

fraud, theft, and indecency.” (_2697-PS_).

In a speech on 4 October 1935 (the month following the proclamation of

the Nurnberg Decrees) Streicher made a speech which is reported in the

_Voelkischer Beobachter_ and is entitled in that newspaper “Safeguard of

German Blood and German Honor.” The report in that article reads in

part:

“Gauleiter Streicher speaks at a German Labor Front mass

demonstration for the Nurnberg laws.”

* * * * * *

“We have therefore, to unmask the Jew, and that is what I have

been doing for the past fifteen years.” (_M-34_).

In a leading article in “_Der Stuermer_” Streicher again emphasized the

part which he himself had taken in this campaign:

“_The ‘Stuermer_’s’ 15 years of work of enlightenment has

already led an army of those who know—millions strong—to

National Socialism. The continued work of the ‘_Stuermer_’ will

help to ensure that every German down to the last man will, with

heart and hand, join the ranks of those whose aim it is to crush

the head of the serpent Pan-Juda beneath their heels. He who

helps to bring this about helps to eliminate the devil, and this

devil is the Jew.” (_M-6_).

The extraordinary length to which Streicher went in his propaganda is

illustrated by the publication in “_Der Stuermer_” of a photograph of

the burning hull of the airship “Hindenburg,” which caught fire in June

1937 in America. The caption beneath the picture includes the comment:

“The first radio picture from the United States of America shows

quite clearly that a Jew stands behind the explosion of our

airship Hindenburg. Nature has depicted clearly and quite

correctly that devil in human guise.”

Although it is not clear from that photograph, the meaning of that

comment is apparently that the cloud of smoke in the air is in the shape

of a Jewish face.

In a speech in September 1937 at the opening of the Wilhelm Gustloff

bridge in Nurnberg, Streicher declared:

“The man who murdered Wilhelm Gustloff had to come from the

Jewish people, because the Jewish text books teach that every

Jew has the right to kill a non-Jew, and, indeed, that it is

pleasing to the Jewish God to kill as many non-Jews as possible.

“Look at the way the Jewish people have been following for

thousands of years past; everywhere murder, everywhere mass

murder. Neither must we forget that behind present-day wars

there stands the Jewish financier who pursues his aims and

interests. The Jew always lives on the blood of other nations;

he needs such murder and such victims. For us who know, the

murder of Wilhelm Gustloff is the same as ritual murder.”

* * * * * *

“It is our duty to tell the children at school and the bigger

ones what this memorial means.”

* * * * * *

“The Jew no longer shows himself among us openly as he used to.

But it would be wrong to say that victory is ours. Full and

final victory will have been achieved only when the whole world

has been rid of Jews.” (_M-4_).

Extracts from the correspondence columns of “_Der Stuermer_,” show

another method which Streicher employed in his propaganda (_M-26_;

_M-27_; _M-28_). The correspondence columns of every issue are full of

purported “letters” from Germans protesting that some German has been

buying shoes from a Jewish shop, etc., thus by printing these letters

assisting in the general boycott of the Jews.

(2) _“Ritual Murder” Propaganda._

Another form of propaganda employed by Streicher concerned the “Ritual

Murder.” Sometime in 1934 “_Der Stuermer_” began publishing accounts of

Jewish ritual murder which horrified the whole world to such an extent

that even the Archbishop of Canterbury, together with people from every

country in the world, protested that any government should allow such

matter to be published in their national newspapers.

Streicher based his ritual murder propaganda on a medieval belief that

during their Eastertide celebrations the Jews were in the habit of

murdering Christian children. Streicher misrepresented this medieval

belief to make it appear that not only was this done in the Middle Ages,

but that the Jews are still doing it and still want to do it. A few

passages from “_Der Stuermer_” together with descriptions of photographs

published therein will illustrate the type of propaganda that Streicher

was putting out concerning “ritual murder”:

“This the French front-line soldier should take with him to

France: The German people have taken a new lease of life. They

want peace, but if anyone tries to attack them, if anyone tries

to torture them again, if anyone tries to push them back into

the past, then the world would see another heroic epic; then

heaven will decide where righteousness lies—here, or where the

Jew has the whiphand and where he instigates massacres, one

could almost say the biggest ritual murders of all times. If the

German people are to be slaughtered according to the Jewish

rites, the whole world will be thus slaughtered at the same

time.”

* * * * * *

“As you have drummed morning and evening prayers into your

children’s heads, so now drum this into their heads, so that the

German people may gain the spiritual power to convince the rest

of the world which the Jews desire to lead against us.” (_M-2_).

A photograph published in “_Der Stuermer_” in April 1937 purports to

show three Jews ritually murdering a girl by cutting her throat, with

the blood pouring out into a bucket on the ground. The caption

underneath that photograph is as follows:

“Ritual murder at Polna. Ritual murder of Agnes Hruza by the

Jews Hilsner, Erdmann[_sic_], and Wassermann, taken from a

contemporary postcard.”

Another article in “_Der Stuermer_”, in April 1937, describes what is

alleged to happen when ritual murder takes place, and the blood is mixed

with the bread and drunk by the Jews in their feast. During the feast

the head of the family is supposed to explain:

“May all gentiles perish—as the child whose blood is contained

in the bread and wine.” (_2699-PS_).

An article in “_Der Stuermer_” for July 1938 has these further remarks

to make on “ritual murder”:

“Whoever had the occasion to be an eye-witness during the

slaughtering of animals or to see at least a truthful film on

the slaughtering will never forget this horrible experience. It

is atrocious. And unwillingly, he is reminded of the crimes

which the Jews have committed for centuries on men. He will be

reminded of the ritual murder. History points out hundreds of

cases in which non-Jewish children were tortured to death. They

also were given the same incision through the throat as is found

on slaughtered animals. They also were slowly bled to death

while fully conscious.” (_2700-PS_).

On special occasions, or when Streicher had some particular subject

matter to put before Germany, he was in the habit of issuing special

editions of “_Der Stuermer_.” “Ritual murder” was such a special subject

that he issued one of these special editions dealing solely with it, in

May 1939. One of the photographs published in this issue shows a child

having knives stuck into its side, from which blood is spurting; and

below the pedestal on which the child stands are five presumably dead

children bleeding on the ground. The caption beneath that picture reads

as follows:

“In the year 1476 the Jews in Regensburg murdered six boys. They

drew their blood and tortured them to death in an underground

vault which belongs to the Jew Josfel. The judges found the body

of the murdered boys; and blood stains are on an altar.”

Two other pictures are explained by their captions. One reads:

“For the Jewish New Year celebrations in 1913, World Jewry

published this picture. On the Jewish New Year and on the Day of

Atonement the Jews slaughtered a so-called ‘kapores’ cock; that

is to say, dead cock, whose blood and death is intended to

purify the Jews. In 1913 the ‘kapores’ cock had the head of the

Russian Czar Nicholas II. By publishing this postcard the Jews

intended to say that Nicholas II would be their next purifying

sacrifice. On the 6th of July 1918, the Czar was murdered by the

Jews Jurowsky and Goloschtschekin.”

The other picture shows the Jews holding a similar bird:

“* * * the ‘kapores’ cock which has the head of the Fuehrer. The

Hebrew script says that one day Jews will kill all Hitlerites.

Then the Jews will be delivered from all misfortunes, but in due

course the Jews will realize that they have reckoned without an

Adolf Hitler.”

In addition to reproductions of a number of previous articles on “ritual

murder” beneath a picture of Streicher, another picture bears the

caption:

“At the Passover Meal. The wine and Matzoh, unleavened bread,

contains non-Jewish blood. The Jew prays before the meal. He

prays for death to all non-Jews.”

The fifth page of this same issue reproduces some of the European and

American newspaper articles and letters protesting against this

propaganda on “ritual murder.” Among these is the “_Stuermer_’s” answer

to the letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury, written to the editor

of the London _Times_ in protest (_M-10_).

Page 6 contains another picture of a man having his throat cut; again

the usual spurt of blood falling into a basin on the floor, with the

following caption:

“The ritual murder of the boy Heinrich. In the year 1345 the

Jews in Munich slaughtered a non-Jewish boy. The martyr was

declared holy by the church.”

On page 8 appears another picture entitled:

“The Holy Gabriel. This boy was crucified and tortured to death

by the Jews in the year 1690. The blood was drawn off him.”

Page 11 reproduces a piece of sculpture on the wall of the Wallfahrts

Chapel, representing the ritual murder of a boy named Werner. The

picture shows the boy strung up by his feet and being murdered by two

Jews. Page 12 reproduces another picture taken from the same place. The

caption is:

“The embalmed body of Trient who was tortured to death by the

Jews.”

Page 13 contains another picture; somebody else having a knife stuck

into him; more blood coming out into a basin. On page 14 are two

pictures. One is said to show the ritual murder of the boy Andreas. The

other is the picture of a tombstone, and the caption reads as follows:

“The tombstone of Hilsner. This is the memorial to a Jewish

ritual murderer, Leopold Hilsner. He was found guilty of two

ritual murders and was condemned to death by hanging in two

trials. The emperor was bribed and pardoned him. Masaryk, the

friend of the Jews, liberated him from penal servitude in 1918.

On his tombstone lying Jewry calls this twofold murderer an

innocent victim.”

The next page produces yet another picture of a woman being murdered by

having her throat cut in the same way. Page 17 produces a picture of the

Archbishop of Canterbury together with a picture of an old Jewish man,

with a caption reading:

“Dr. Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the highest dignitary

of the English Church, and his allies, a typical example of the

Jewish Race.”

The last page contains a picture of “Holy Simon, who was tortured to

death.”

This issue of “_Der Stuermer_” is nothing but an incitement to the

people of Germany who read it, an incitement to murder. It is filled

with pictures of murder, murder alleged to be against the German people.

It is an encouragement, to all who read it to avenge themselves in the

same way.

In January 1938 the persecution of the Jews became more and more

severe—another special issue of “_Der Stuermer_” was published. A

passage from the leading article in that issue written by Streicher,

states:

“* * * The supreme aim and highest task of the state is

therefore to conserve people, blood, and race. But if this is

the supreme task, any crime against this law must be punished

with the supreme penalty. ‘_Der Stuermer_’ takes therefore the

view that there are only two punishments for the crime of

polluting the race:

“1. Penal servitude for life for attempted race pollution.

“2. Death for committing race pollution.” (_M-39_).

The following are some of the headlines on the articles contained in

that edition:

“Jewish race polluters at work.”

* * * * * *

“Fifteen year old non-Jewess ravaged.”

* * * * * *

“A dangerous race polluter. He regards German women as fair game

for himself.”

* * * * * *

“The Jewish sanatorium. A Jewish institution for the cultivation

of race pollution.”

* * * * * *

“Rape of a feeble-minded girl.”

* * * * * *

“The Jewish butler. He steals from his Jewish masters and

commits race pollution.” (_M-40_).

Another article appearing in “_Der Stuermer_,” written by Streicher’s

editor, Karl Holz, states:

“The revenge will break loose one day and will exterminate Jewry

from the surface of the earth.” (_M-35_).