APPOMATTOX
Another night was now at hand, and while it might be supposed that
nothing could be added to intensify the suspense there certainly was
nothing to allay it. Although there was little left to destroy, we
passed heaps of burning papers, abandoned wagons, etc., along the
roadsides.
As each new scene or condition in our lives gives rise to some new and
corresponding feeling or emotion, our environment at this time was such
as to evoke sensations of dread and apprehension hitherto unknown.
Moving parallel with us, and extending its folds like some huge reptile,
was an army equipped with the best the world could afford--three-fold
greater in numbers than our own--which in four years had never succeeded
in defeating us in a general battle, but which we had repeatedly routed
and driven to cover. Impatient of delay in effecting our overthrow in
battle, in order to starve us out, marauding bands had scoured the
country, leaving ashes and desolation in their wake.
That now their opportunity to pay up old scores had come, we fully
realized, and anticipated with dread the day of reckoning. General
Grant, who was Commander-in-Chief of all the Federal armies, and at
present personally in command of the army about us, was by no means
regarded as a man of mercy. He had positively refused to exchange
prisoners, thousands of whom on both sides were languishing and dying in
the hands of their captors. It should be borne in mind, in this
connection, that the offers to exchange had come from the Confederate
authorities, and for the last two years of the war had been invariably
rejected by the Federal Government. In the campaign beginning in May,
1864, and ending with the evacuation of Richmond, Grant's army had
sustained a loss greater in number than that of the whole army opposed
to him.
Among the ranks were foreigners of every nationality. I had seen, as
prisoners in our hands, a whole brigade of Germans who could not speak a
word of English. During the preceding winter we had been confronted with
regiments of our former slaves. Our homes and people we were leaving
behind to the mercy of these hordes, as if forever.
Another and by no means unimportant consideration was whether to remain
and meet results with the command, or for each man to shift for himself.
Setting out from Richmond on the preceding Sunday, with no accumulation
of vigor to draw on, we had passed a week with food and sleep scarcely
sufficient for one day; and to cope with such exigencies as now
confronted us, what a part the stomach does play! All in all, it was a
situation of a lifetime that will ever abide in the gloomy recesses of
memory. About eight o'clock on Sunday morning, April 9, as our two guns
were entering the little village of Appomattox, several cannon-shots
sounded in quick succession immediately in our front. Without word of
command we came to our last halt.
Turning out of the road we went into park, unhitched our hungry horses,
and awaited developments. During the two preceding days several written
communications had passed between Generals Lee and Grant, of which we
knew nothing. Our suspense, however, was soon interrupted by the
appearance of a Confederate officer, accompanied by a Federal officer
with long, flowing yellow hair, and waving a white handkerchief as they
galloped by. This was General Custer, of cavalry fame, and the
conspicuous hero and victim of the Indian massacre, which bore his name,
in Idaho ten years later.
Several sharp encounters had occurred during the morning, in which our
men displayed the same unflinching valor, capturing in a charge a
Federal major-general (Gregg) and two pieces of artillery; but now all
firing had ceased, and the stillness that followed was oppressive. As
soon as it became known that General Lee had surrendered, although for
days it had been perfectly understood that such a result was
inevitable, there was for a time no little excitement and commotion
among the men. That we should be subjected to abhorrent humiliation was
conceived as a matter of course, and, to avoid it, all sorts of efforts
and plans to escape were discussed. The one controlling influence,
however, to allay such a feeling was the unbounded and unimpaired
confidence in General Lee. The conduct and bearing of the men were
characterized by the same sterling qualities they had always displayed.
The only exhibition of petulance that I witnessed was by a staff officer
who bore no scars or other evidence of hardships undergone, but who
acquired great reputation after the war. He "could not submit to such
degradation," etc., threw away his spurs and chafed quite dramatically.
When a bystander suggested that we cut our way out, he objected that we
had no arms. "We can follow those that have," was the reply, "and use
the guns of those that fall!" He did not accede to the proposition; but
later I heard him insist that one of our drivers should let him have his
spurs, as he, the driver, would have no further use for them; but he did
not get the spurs.
By noon, or soon thereafter, the terms of the surrender were made
known--terms so generous, considerate, and unlooked-for as scarcely
believed to be possible. None of that exposure to the gaze and
exultation of a victorious foe, such as we had seen pictured in our
school-books, or as practised by conquering nations in all times. We
had felt it as not improbable that, after an ordeal of mortifying
exposure for the gratification of the military, we would be paraded
through Northern cities for the benefit of jeering crowds. So, when we
learned that we should be paroled, and go to our homes unmolested, the
relief was unbounded.
Early in the afternoon General Lee, mounted on "Traveler" and clad in a
spotless new uniform, passed along on his return from an interview with
General Grant. I stood close by the roadside, along which many of his
old soldiers had gathered, in anticipation of his coming, and, in a life
of more than three-score years, with perhaps more than ordinary
opportunities of seeing inspiring sights, both of God's and man's
creation, the impression and effect of General Lee's face and appearance
as he rode by, hat in hand, stands pre-eminent. A few of the men started
to cheer, but almost instantly ceased, and stood in silence with the
others--all with heads bared.
The favorable and entirely unexpected terms of surrender wonderfully
restored our souls; and at once plans, first for returning to our homes,
and then for starting life anew, afforded ample interest and
entertainment. One of the privileges granted in the terms of surrender
was the retention, by officers and cavalrymen, of their own horses. My
recent acquisition at Sailor's Creek had put me in possession of a
horse, but to retain him was the difficulty, as I was neither officer
nor cavalryman. Buoyed up with the excitement of bursting shells and
the noise of battle, he had carried me out gamely, but, this over, there
was but little life in him. I transferred the saddle and bridle to a
horse abandoned in the road with some artillery, and left my old
benefactor standing, with limbs wide apart and head down, for his
original owners.
[Illustration: FAC-SIMILE OF PAROLE SIGNED BY GENERAL PENDLETON]
To accomplish my purpose of going out with a horse, two obstacles had
first to be overcome. Being only a cannoneer, I was not supposed to own
a horse, so I must be something else. I laid the case before General
Pendleton, our old neighbor in Lexington, and my former school-teacher.
It was rather late to give me a commission, but he at once appointed me
a courier on his staff, and as such I was paroled, and still have the
valued little paper, a _fac-simile_ of which is shown opposite.
The next difficulty to be met, the horse I had exchanged for was branded
C. S., and, even if allowed to pass then, I feared would be confiscated
later. There was a handsome sorrel, also branded C. S., among our
battery horses, to which Lieut. Ned Dandridge, of General Pendleton's
staff, had taken a fancy. For the sorrel he substituted a big, bony
young bay of his own. I replaced the bay with my C. S. horse, and was
now equipped for peace. The branded sorrel was soon taken by the
Federals.
After resting and fattening my bay, I sold him for a good price, and was
thus enabled to return to Washington College and serve again under
General Lee.
APPENDIX
Under an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1898, the Camps of
Confederate Veterans, organized in the several cities and towns of the
Commonwealth, were authorized to prepare lists of the citizens of their
respective counties who served as soldiers during the war between the
States, and of those belonging to such companies, and these lists were
to be duly recorded by the Clerks of the County Courts of the counties
and kept among the Court Records. The following list is taken from this
record, and is as nearly accurate as is possible at this date:
ROCKBRIDGE ARTILLERY
ROLL OF COMPANY [The names with a star prefixed are the men from
Rockbridge County.]
The enrollment of the Rockbridge Artillery began April 19, 1861, and by
the 21st the company numbered about seventy men, and was organized by
the election of the following officers: Captain, John McCausland; and J.
Bowyer Brockenbrough, Wm. McLaughlin and Wm. T. Poague, lieutenants.
Captain McCausland soon thereafter was made lieutenant-colonel and
ordered to the western part of the State. On the 29th of April the
company unanimously elected Rev. Wm. N. Pendleton captain.
The company left Lexington for the seat of war May 10, 1861, with two
small, brass six-pounders obtained at the Virginia Military Institute.
It was regularly mustered into the Confederate service at Staunton,
Virginia, on May 11, and at once ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it
received two more guns. After the First Brigade was organized, under
Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, the Rockbridge Artillery was assigned to it, and
continued a component part of the Stonewall Brigade, in touch with and
occupying the same positions with it in all its battles and skirmishes
up to Sharpsburg.
Upon the reorganization of the artillery, in October, 1862, the battery
was assigned to the First Regiment Virginia Artillery, under the command
of Col. J. Thompson Brown, and continued with it till the close of the
war. The first fight it was engaged in, and which made a part of its
history, occurred July 2 near Hainesville, when General Patterson
crossed the Potomac and advanced on Winchester. But one piece was
engaged, and this fired the first shot from a Confederate gun in the
Shenandoah Valley.
The battery had five captains from first to last: First, John
McCausland, afterward brigadier-general of cavalry; second, Rev. Wm. N.
Pendleton, D. D., in command from May 1, 1861, until after the first
battle of Manassas, afterward brigadier-general and chief of artillery
in the Army of Northern Virginia; third, Wm. McLaughlin, afterward
lieutenant-colonel of artillery, in command until April 2, 1862; fourth,
Wm. T. Poague, afterward lieutenant-colonel of artillery, Army of
Northern Virginia, in command until after the first battle of
Fredericksburg; fifth, Archibald Graham, from that time until the
surrender at Appomattox, at which place ninety-three men and officers
laid down their arms.
This company had the reputation of being one of the finest companies in
the service. So high was the intellectual quality of the men that
forty-five were commissioned as officers and assigned to other companies
in the service. Many of them reached high distinction. At no time during
the war did this company want for recruits, but it was so popular that
it always had a list from which it could fill its ranks, which were
sometimes depleted by its heavy casualties and numerous promotions from
its roster.
The following officers and men were mustered into the service of the
Confederate States at Staunton, Virginia, on the 11th day of May, 1861:
*Captain W. N. Pendleton; brigadier-general, chief of artillery A. N. V.;
paroled at Appomattox.
*First Lieutenant J. B. Brockenbrough; wounded at first Manassas;
captain Baltimore Artillery, major of artillery A. N. V.
*Second Lieutenant Wm. McLaughlin; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
artillery.
*Second Lieutenant W. T. Poague; captain; lieutenant-colonel of
artillery A. N. V.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
*First Sergeant J. McD. Alexander; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery;
entered cavalry.
*Second Sergeant J. Cole Davis; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; wounded
at Port Republic; paroled at Appomattox.
*Third Sergeant Archibald Graham; lieutenant and captain Rockbridge
Artillery; paroled at Appomattox.
PRIVATES
*Agner, Jos. S.; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
*Ayres, Jas.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861.
*Ayres, N. B.; deserted, went into Federal army.
*Anderson, S. D.; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.
*Beard, John; killed at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
*Beard, W. B.; died from effects of measles summer of 1861.
*Bain, Samuel.
*Brockenbrough, W. N.; corporal; transferred to Baltimore Light
Artillery.
*Brown, W. M.; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant; wounded and captured at
Gettysburg.
*Bumpus, W. N.; corporal; paroled at Appomattox.
*Conner, Blain; discharged for physical disability in spring, 1861.
*Conner, George; arm broken by stallion; absent after winter of 1861-62.
*Conner, Jas. A.; wounded at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg; took the oath in
prison and joined Federal army and fought Indians in Northwest.
*Conner, John C.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Coffee, A. W.
*Craig, John B.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Crosen, W.
*Curran, Daniel; died from disease in summer of 1862.
*Davis, Mark; deserted.
*Davis, R. G.; died from disease in 1861.
*Doran, John; wounded at Malvern Hill in 1862; disabled.
*Dudley, R. M.
*Ford, Henry; discharged after one year.
*Ford, Jas. A.; wounded.
*Gibbs, J. T., Jr.; wounded at Port Republic June 22, 1862; died from
disease.
*Gold, J. M.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.
*Gordon, W. C.; wounded at Fredericksburg; disabled.
*Harris, Alex.; captured at Gettysburg and died in prison.
*Harris, Bowlin; captured at Gettysburg; kept in prison.
*Hetterick, Ferdinand; discharged after one year.
*Henry, N. S.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
*Hughes, Wm.; discharged.
*Hostetter, G. W.; transferred to infantry.
*Johnson, Lawson; died in summer of 1861.
*Johnson, W. F.; corporal, quartermaster sergeant; paroled at
Appomattox.
*Jordan, J. W.; wounded at first Manassas; corporal, sergeant,
lieutenant; paroled at Appomattox.
*Leopard, Jas.; transferred to Carpenter's battery.
*Lewis, Henry P.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Lewis, R. P.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.
*Leyburn, John; lieutenant Rockbridge Artillery; surgeon on privateer.
*Martin, Thomas; wounded and captured at Gettysburg.
*McCampbell, D. A.; died from disease in December, 1864.
*McCampbell, W. H.; paroled at Appomattox.
*McCluer, John G.; corporal Rockbridge Artillery; transferred to
cavalry.
*McCorkle, J. Baxter; corporal, sergeant, lieutenant Rockbridge
Artillery; killed at first Fredericksburg.
*Montgomery, W. G.; killed at first Fredericksburg.
*Moore, D. E.; corporal, sergeant; wounded at Winchester and at Malvern
Hill; paroled at Appomattox.
*Moore, John D.; quartermaster sergeant; captured after Gettysburg,
prisoner until close of war.
*Moore, Samuel R.; mortally wounded at Sharpsburg.
*Morgan, G. W.; sick and absent most of the time.
*O'Rourke, Frank; wounded at Malvern Hill; deserted.
*Paxton, J. Lewis; sergeant; lost leg at Kernstown.
*Phillips, James.
*Preston, Frank; lost an arm at Winchester May 25, 1862; captain
Virginia Military Institute Company.
*Raynes, A. G.; detailed as miller.
*Rader, D. P.; wounded at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
*Rhodes, J. N.; discharged, over age.
*Smith, Joseph S.; transferred to cavalry; killed in battle.
*Smith, S. C.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
*Smith, Adam; discharged after one year.
*Strickler, James.
*Strickler, W. L.; corporal, sergeant; paroled at Appomattox.
*Silvey, James; paroled at Appomattox.
*Tharp, Benjamin F.; transferred to cavalry in spring of 1862.
*Thompson, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Thompson, S. G.
*Tompkins, J. F.; corporal; detailed in Ordnance Department.
*Trevy, Jacob; wounded at Gettysburg; paroled at Appomattox.
*Wallace, John; killed at Kernstown March 23, 1862.
*Wilson, S. A.; discharged for physical disability August, 1861; joined
cavalry.
The following joined the battery after May 11, 1861; dates of enlistment
being given as far as known:
*Adams, Thomas T.; enlisted 1863; discharged; later killed in battle.
*Adkins, Blackburn; paroled at Appomattox.
*Agner, Oscar W.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Agner, John; enlisted July 21, 1861.
*Agner, Jonathan; enlisted July 29, 1861; killed at Kernstown May 25,
1862.
*Agner, Samuel S.; enlisted fall of 1862.
Alexander, Edgar S.; enlisted September 2, 1861; lost an arm at
Fredericksburg, 1862.
Alexander, Eugene; enlisted August 23, 1861; wounded at second Manassas;
transferred to cavalry.
Armisted, Charles J.; paroled at Appomattox.
Arnold, A. E.; enlisted September 1, 1861; corporal, assistant surgeon.
Bacon, Edloe P.; paroled at Appomattox.
Bacon, Edloe P., Jr.; paroled at Appomattox.
Baldwin, William Ludlow; paroled at Appomattox.
Barger, William G.; paroled at Appomattox.
Barton, David R.; enlisted June 27, 1861; lieutenant in Cutshaw's
battery; killed.
Barton, Robert T.; enlisted March 7, 1862.
Bedinger, G. R.; July 9, 1861; transferred to infantry; killed at
Gettysburg; captain.
Bealle, Jerry T.; enlisted November 21, 1861.
Bell, Robert S.; enlisted November 19, 1861; killed at Rappahannock
Station.
*Black, Benjamin F.; paroled at Appomattox.
Blain, Daniel; enlisted May 27, 1861; detailed in Ordnance Department;
paroled at Appomattox.
Blackford, L. M.; enlisted September 2, 1861; adjutant Twenty-sixth
Virginia Infantry.
Boiling, W. H.; enlisted March 10, 1862; corporal.
Boteler, A. R., Jr.; enlisted March 1, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862.
Boteler, Charles P.; enlisted October 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.
Boteler, Henry; enlisted October 10, 1861; corporal; paroled at
Appomattox.
Boyd, E. Holmes; enlisted June 28, 1861; transferred to Ordnance
Department.
Brooke, Pendleton; enlisted October 28, 1861; discharged for physical
disability.
Brown, H. C.; enlisted 1862; detailed in Signal Corps.
*Brown, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; killed at Malvern Hill.
Brown, John M.; enlisted March 11, 1862; wounded at Malvern Hill;
paroled at Appomattox.
Bryan, Edward; enlisted November 22, 1861.
Burwell, Lewis P.; enlisted September 21, 1861; transferred.
Byers, G. Newton; enlisted August 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
Appomattox.
*Byrd, W. H.; enlisted August 15, 1861; killed at Kernstown March 23,
1862.
*Byrd, William.
*Carson, William; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal; paroled at
Appomattox.
Caruthers, Thornton; enlisted December 21, 1862.
*Chapin, W. T.
Clark, James G.; enlisted June 15, 1861; transferred.
Clark, J. Gregory; enlisted July 16, 1862; transferred.
Cook, Richard D.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Compton, Robert K.; enlisted July 25, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
*Conner, Alexander; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862, at
Winchester; paroled at Appomattox.
*Conner, Daniel; enlisted July 27, 1862.
*Conner, Fitz G.
*Conner, Henry C.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Cox, W. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861.
*Craig, Joseph E.; enlisted March 2, 1863.
*Crocken, Francis J.; enlisted March 21, 1862.
Dandridge, Stephen A.; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
Darnall, Andrew M.; captured at Deep Bottom.
Darnall, Henry T.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
*Davis, Charles W.; paroled at Appomattox.
Davis, James M. M.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Davis, John E.; died from disease June, 1864.
*Dixon, W. H. H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded December 13, 1862;
paroled at Appomattox.
*Dold, C. M.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled at
Appomattox.
Effinger, W. H.; wounded at Sharpsburg; transferred to engineers.
Emmett, Michael J.; enlisted June 15, 1861; wounded and captured at
Gettysburg.
Eppes, W. H.; wounded September, 1862.
*Estill, W. C.; paroled at Appomattox.
Fairfax, Randolph; enlisted August 10, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill;
killed at first Fredericksburg.
Faulkner, E. Boyd; enlisted July 23, 1862; detailed at headquarters.
Fishburne, C. D.; enlisted June 21, 1861; sergeant; lieutenant in
Ordnance Department.
Foutz, Henry; enlisted September 6, 1862; killed at first
Fredericksburg.
Frazer, Robert; enlisted November 28, 1862; wounded at first
Fredericksburg.
Friend, Ben C. M.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Fuller, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Malvern Hill; killed
at first Fredericksburg.
Garnett, James M.; enlisted July 17, 1861; lieutenant on staff.
Gerardi, Edward.
Gibson, Henry B.; enlisted May 13, 1862.
Gibson, John T.; enlisted August 14, 1861.
Gibson, Robert A.; paroled at Appomattox.
Gilliam, William T.
Gilmer, James B.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Gilmore, J. Harvey; enlisted March 7, 1862; chaplain.
*Ginger, George A.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded at Newtown; paroled
at Appomattox.
*Ginger, W. L.; enlisted March 6, 1862; wounded and captured at
Gettysburg; prisoner till close of war.
*Gold, Alfred; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at second Fredericksburg.
Gooch, James T.; transferred from engineers in 1863; paroled at
Appomattox.
*Goul, John M.; enlisted June 14, 1861; chaplain A. N. V.; died of fever
in service.
*Gray, O. P.; enlisted March 21, 1862; killed at Kernstown March 23,
1862.
Gregory, John M.; enlisted September 7, 1861; wounded May 25, 1862;
captain in Ordnance Department.
*Green, Thomas; enlisted 1862; transferred.
*Green, Zach.; enlisted 1862; transferred.
Gross, Charles; enlisted July 27, 1862.
*Hall, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; died near Richmond, 1862.
Heiskell, J. Campbell; enlisted February 9, 1862; wounded in 1864;
paroled at Appomattox.
Heiskell, J. P.; enlisted 1862; discharged for physical disability.
*Herndon, Francis T.; enlisted March 31, 1862; killed at Malvern Hill.
Hitner, John K.; enlisted March 17, 1862; wounded.
*Holmes, John A.; enlisted March 11, 1862.
*Houston, James Rutherford; enlisted July 23, 1861.
Houston, William W.; enlisted August 10, 1861; chaplain A. N. V.
Hughes, William; enlisted July 23, 1861.
Hummerickhouse, John R.; enlisted March 28, 1862.
Hyde, Edward H.; enlisted March 28, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
Johnson, Thomas E.
Jones, Beverly R.; enlisted July 3, 1861.
Kean, Otho G.; enlisted after capture at Vicksburg; paroled at
Appomattox.
Kean, William C.; enlisted fall of 1861; transferred.
*Knick, William; enlisted August 11, 1862; mortally wounded at second
Fredericksburg.
Lacy, Richard B.
Lacy, William S.; enlisted March 17, 1862; detailed in Signal Service;
chaplain.
Lawson, Joseph; enlisted July 20, 1863.
Lawson, William; enlisted July 20, 1863.
Leathers, John P.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Lecky, John H.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry.
Lee, Robert E., Jr.; enlisted March 26, 1862; lieutenant on staff, and
captain.
*Leech, James M.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Letcher, Samuel H.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Lewis, James P.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.
Lewis, Nicholas H.; enlisted June 17, 1861.
*Link, David; transferred from Rice's battery.
Luke, Williamson; enlisted October 7, 1861; soon transferred to cavalry.
*McAlpin, Joseph; enlisted March 3, 1862; mortally wounded at first
Fredericksburg.
*McCauley, John E.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; paroled
at Appomattox.
*McCauley, William H.; transferred from infantry; corporal; killed April
7, 1865.
*McClintic, W. S.; enlisted October 4, 1861; wounded; paroled at
Appomattox.
*McCorkle, Tazwell E.; enlisted in Hamden Sidney Company in 1861;
captured at Rich Mountain; joined battery in 1864.
*McCorkle, Thomas E.; enlisted March 9, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
*McCorkle, William A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
*McCrum, R. Barton; paroled at Appomattox.
McGuire, Hugh H., Jr.; enlisted March 10; transferred to cavalry;
captain; killed.
McKim, Robert B.; enlisted July 6, 1861; killed at Winchester May 25,
1862.
Macon, Lyttleton S.; enlisted June 27, 1861; corporal, sergeant;
discharged.
Magruder, Davenport D.; enlisted March 1, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
Magruder, Horatio E.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Marshall, John J.; paroled at Appomattox.
Marshall, Oscar M.; enlisted March 6, 1862.
Massie, John Livingstone; enlisted May 15, 1861; captain of artillery;
killed.
*Mateer, Samuel L.; enlisted January 11, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.
Maury, Magruder; enlisted in fall of 1861; transferred to cavalry.
Maury, Thompson B.; enlisted in fall of 1861; detailed in Signal
Service.
Meade, Francis A.; enlisted November, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
Merrick, Alfred D.; enlisted December 30, 1861.
Minor, Charles; enlisted November 16, 1861; transferred to engineers.
Minor, Carter N. B.; enlisted July 27, 1861.
Minor, Launcelot; wounded at Cumberland Church.
*Moore, Edward A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Sharpsburg and
twice at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
*Moore, John H.; transferred from Rockbridge Rifles in spring of 1861;
wounded; paroled at Appomattox.
*Moore, John L.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded.
*Mooterspaugh, William; enlisted 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
Montgomery, Ben T.; transferred from another battery; paroled at
Appomattox.
*Myers, John M.; paroled at Appomattox.
Nelson, Francis K.; enlisted May 17, 1861; transferred to Albemarle
Light Horse.
Nelson, Kinloch; transferred from Albemarle Light Horse; disabled by
caisson turning over on him.
Nelson, Philip; enlisted July 27, 1861; discharged by furnishing
substitute.
*Nicely, George H.; enlisted March 7, 1862; died from disease, 1864.
*Nicely, James W.; enlisted March 7, 1862; deserted.
*Nicely, John F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Port Republic.
Otey, William M.; enlisted 1862; transferred soon thereafter.
Packard, Joseph; enlisted July 7, 1861; corporal; lieutenant Ordnance
Department.
Packard, Walter J.; enlisted October 23, 1861; died summer of 1862.
Page, Richard C. M.; enlisted July 14, 1861; transferred; captain; major
artillery.
Page, R. Powell; enlisted May 1, 1864; detailed courier to Colonel
Carter.
Paine, Henry M.
*Paine, Henry R.; enlisted July 23, 1861; corporal, sergeant; killed at
second Manassas.
Paine, James A.
*Paxton, Samuel A.; enlisted March 7, 1862.
Pendleton, Dudley D.; enlisted June 19, 1861; captain and assistant
adjutant-general, artillery A. N. V.
*Pleasants, Robert A.; enlisted March 3, 1863.
Pollard, James G.; enlisted July 27, 1864; paroled at Appomattox.
Porter, Mouina G.; enlisted September 24, 1861; detailed courier.
*Phillips, Charles; detailed in Signal Service.
*Pugh, George W.; enlisted March 6, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
*Pugh, John A.; paroled at Appomattox.
Rawlings, James M.
*Rentzell, George W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at Kernstown and
disabled.
*Robertson, John W.; paroled at Appomattox.
Robinson, Arthur; enlisted March 28, 1862; mortally wounded at first
Fredericksburg.
*Root, Erastus C.; paroled at Appomattox.
Ruffin, Jefferson; transferred from another battery; paroled at
Appomattox.
Rutledge, Charles A.; enlisted November 3, 1861; transferred.
*Sandford, James; paroled at Appomattox.
*Saville, John; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to cavalry; died in
service.
*Shaner, Joseph F.; enlisted July 23, 1861; wounded at first
Fredericksburg; paroled at Appomattox.
*Shaw, Campbell A.; paroled at Appomattox.
*Shoulder, Jacob M.; paroled at Appomattox.
Singleton, William F.; enlisted June 3, 1861; wounded and captured at
Port Republic.
*Schammerhorn, John G.
Smith, J. Howard; enlisted September 2, 1861; lieutenant in Ordnance
Department.
Smith, James P.; enlisted July 9, 1861; lieutenant and captain on staff
of General Jackson.
Smith, James Morrison.
Smith, Summerfield; enlisted September 2, 1861; died from disease.
Stuart, G. W. C.; enlisted May 13, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862; killed at
second Fredericksburg.
*Strickler, Joseph; paroled at Appomattox.
*Stuart, W. C.; wounded at second Cold Harbor; paroled at Appomattox.
Swan, Minor W.; enlisted August 15, 1863; paroled at Appomattox.
Swan, Robert W.
*Swisher, Benjamin R.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
*Swisher, George W.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded May 25, 1862;
paroled at Appomattox.
*Swisher, Samuel S.; paroled at Appomattox.
Tate, James F.; paroled at Appomattox.
Taylor, Charles F.
Taylor, Stevens M.; paroled at Appomattox.
Thompson, Ambrose; died July, 1864.
*Thompson, Lucas P.; enlisted August 15, 1861; paroled at Appomattox.
Tidball, Thomas H.; enlisted March 3, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
*Timberlake, Francis H.
*Tomlinson, James W.; enlisted July 23, 1861.
Trice, Leroy F.; paroled at Appomattox.
Trueheart, Charles W.; enlisted October 24, 1861; corporal, assistant
surgeon.
Tyler, D. Gardner; paroled at Appomattox.
Tyler, John Alexander; enlisted April, 1865; paroled at Appomattox.
*Van Pelt, Robert; enlisted July 23, 1861.
Veers, Charles O.; enlisted September 10, 1861; transferred to cavalry
soon thereafter.
*Vest, Andrew J.; enlisted July 23, 1861; discharged.
*Wade, Thomas M.; enlisted March 7, 1862; paroled at Appomattox.
*Walker, George A.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
battery.
*Walker, James S.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
battery.
*Walker, John W.; enlisted July 23, 1861; transferred to Carpenter's
battery.
Whitt, Algernon S.; enlisted August 8, 1861; corporal; paroled at
Appomattox.
*White, William H.; paroled at Appomattox.
Williams, John J.; enlisted July 15, 1861; transferred to Chew's
battery.
*Williamson, Thomas; wounded at Gettysburg; escaped at Appomattox with
the cavalry.
*Williamson, William G.; enlisted July 5, 1861; captain of engineers.
*Wilson, Calvin.
*Wilson, John; enlisted July 22, 1861; prisoner after Gettysburg; took
the oath.
*Wiseman, William; enlisted March 10, 1862.
*Wilson, Samuel A.; enlisted March 3, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg;
captured; died in prison.
*Wilson, William M.; enlisted August 12, 1861; corporal.
Winston, Robert B.; enlisted August 25, 1861.
*Withrow, John; paroled at Appomattox.
*Woody, Henry; transferred from infantry, 1864; deserted.
*Wright, John W.; enlisted 1864; wounded and disabled at Spottsylvania
Court House.
Young, Charles E.; enlisted March 17, 1862.
The Rockbridge Artillery took part in the following engagements:
Hainesville, July 2, 1861.
First Manassas, July 21, 1861.
Kernstown, March 23, 1862.
Winchester, May 25, 1862.
Charlestown, May, 1862.
Port Republic, June 8 and 9, 1862.
White Oak Swamp, June 30, and Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862.
Cedar Run, August 9, 1862.
Second Manassas, August 28, 29 and 30, 1862.
Harper's Ferry, September 15, 1862.
Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862.
First Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862.
Second Fredericksburg, May 2 and 3, 1863.
Winchester, June 14, 1863.
Gettysburg, July 2 and 3, 1863.
Rappahannock Bridge, November 9, 1863.
Mine Run, November 27, 1863.
Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864.
Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.
Deep Bottom, July 27, 1864.
New Market Heights, September, 1864.
Fort Gilmore, 1864.
Cumberland Church, April 7, 1865.
The battery saw much service in fighting gunboats on James River, and
took part in many skirmishes not mentioned.
The number of men, enrolled as above, is three hundred and five (305),
of whom one hundred and seventy-three (173) were from the county of
Rockbridge. Of the remainder, a large part were students, college
graduates, University of Virginia men, and some divinity students.
These, with the sturdy men from among the farmers and business men of
Rockbridge, made up a company admirably fitted for the artillery
service.
The efficiency of the battery was due in no small part to its capacity
for rapid marching and maneuvering, and this to the care and management
of the horses mainly by men from this county. In the spring of 1862 a
large number of men was recruited for the battery, whose names are not
on the above roll, and some of whom were engaged in the battle of
Kernstown. In April, 1862, while encamped at Swift Run Gap, authority
was given by General Jackson to reorganize the battery, making three
companies thereof, with the view to form a battalion. Immediately after
two companies had been organized by the election of officers, the
authority for making three companies was revoked, and an order issued
to form one company only, and giving to all the men not embraced in this
one company the privilege of selecting a company in any branch of the
service. A large number of men, thus temporarily connected with the
Rockbridge Artillery, availed themselves of this privilege whose names
do not appear on the above roll. It would now be impossible to make up
this list.
RECAPITULATION
Enrolled as above, three hundred and five (305).
Number from Rockbridge County, one hundred and seventy-three (173).
Killed in battle, twenty-three (23).
Died of disease contracted in service, sixteen (16).
Wounded more or less severely, forty-nine (49).
Slightly wounded, names not given, about fifty (50).
Discharged from service for disability incurred therein, ten (10).
Took the oath of allegiance to Federal Government while in prison, two
(2).
Deserted, five (5).
Promoted to be commissioned officers, thirty-nine (39).
Paroled at Appomattox, ninety-three (93).
So great was the loss of horses, there having been over a hundred in
this battery killed in battle, that during the last year of the war they
were unhitched from the guns after going into action and taken to the
rear for safety.