After my mission in the Black Forest, I went to Albeck, a well-known
seaside resort on the Baltic. For more than a year the gentlemen at
the Wilhelmstrasse had kept me on the run, and a vacation at
Albeck--much like your Atlantic City only smaller--was not only
welcomed but needed. I was just settling down to a period of quiet in
and around the Kurhaus when there came a wire for my attendance at the
Wilhelmstrasse. "At your earliest convenience" was the phrase which,
of course, meant at once. Germany's language to her Secret Agents is
always polite.
I am very frank to confess that the message put me a little out of
sorts. All my plans for resting at Albeck went to smash. I knew that
something big must be in the air else I would never have been recalled
from a vacation that was only beginning. Wiring a reply I stated that
I would arrive in Berlin on the 7.30 train and that any further
commands would receive attention at my standing quarters in the
Mittelstrasse. In a few hours I had caught a train and was being
whirled south.
During the three-hour run I speculated on what was likely to be
required from me. An inside rumor then current among us Secret
Service men gave me the clew. I marshaled past events and ran them
over in my mind. I knew that the Kaiser's diplomatic master stroke
undermining the _entente cordiale_ and tentatively holding off Great
Britain, left the way clear for the execution of Austro-German
policies in the Balkans.
As the express hurried me toward Berlin, I reflected that since the
Russian-Japanese War, Russia, weakened as she was, felt her influence
in European affairs waning. I knew it was about time for her to make
a desperate effort to regain European prestige. I recalled that upon
Russia's plight after the Japanese war, Austria immediately annexed
Herzegovina and Bosnia. She did this with the tacit understanding and
backing up of Germany. I knew that as a result of this, Russia was
again at work in the Balkans. Greeks, Servians, Bulgarians, and
Montenegrins, up till now suicidal enemies, were arriving at an
understanding. There are as many differences of nationalities, castes
and opinions in the Balkans as there are in India and it took clever
manipulation, much money, and strenuous efforts on the part of Russia
to unite these countries under Russian influence. The visit of the
Crown Prince of Servia to Sofia, the Bulgarian capital, was engineered
by Russia, and was a triumphant success in bringing about an
understanding between Bulgaria and Servia. It absolutely unified
Servia and Bulgaria. Why then the completely changed attitude of
Servia and Bulgaria after their mutual successes against the Turk?
Presently I shall show you the vast undercurrent forces forever moving
beneath the Balkan situation.
I recalled having heard high Servian officials speculate as to their
chances of reviving the ancient empire, so with the Bulgarians. After
the reunion of Wallachia and Moldadia, I heard Roumanian officials
express the wish to gain Dacia through the addition of Transylvania,
Bukovina and the Banate of Ternesvar. This longing can easily be
understood when one remembers that each of these States maintains
royal court legations and an army the quality of which in the case of
the Allies has just been tested and shown in their splendid fighting
and sacrifices, but which is all out of proportion to their individual
sizes and resources.
I knew there were armies mobilizing in the Balkans at a high mark of
efficiency. They were equipped in a way totally beyond the means of
such little countries. Who was supplying this driving force, the
money, officers? They were but pawns, the Balkan States on an
international chessboard.
Now before I relate my mission, consider these test points: The
alliance of States usually hereditary enemies; the downfall of an
empire, a background of the world's powers pulling the strings; the
success of the Balkan Allies. Then the most amazing part of it all.
Turkey, well thrashed, lost little save a few islands in the Ãgean
Sea, some of which it has already regained. The Allies gained nothing
but debts--debts and empty honor which leaves them so exhausted that
they can be no real factor in the world's politics for decades to
come--and there lies the key.
Arriving in Berlin I made my way to my quarters in the Mittelstrasse.
It was about eight o'clock when I put my key in the door. I found Kim
very much awake and somewhat excited. At this unseemly hour there was
a visitor! This was all the more unusual for I was not in the habit
of receiving my most intimate friends or acquaintances at my private
quarters.
"_Koom_, massa!" (Salute, master!) "Gentleman him here to see you.
Kim him don't know if he do right, maybe wrong; but gentleman said it
all right that him come in."
All apologies, Kim was fretting himself almost into a nervous collapse
over the visitor. Rather curious, I walked into the sitting-room and
found a man I had seen pretty often at the Wilhelmstrasse. I knew him
to be Herr von Stammer, the right hand man of von Wedel. Although we
were well known to each other by sight, we hardly conversed ten words
outside of official business. At the time I thought it a little odd
that the usual procedure was not observed, that someone came to my
room instead of my going to the Wilhelmstrasse, seemed a bit unusual.
As things developed, however, I saw a possible reason why.
"Your quarters are pretty well guarded here, Doctor," said Herr von
Stammer. "Your Cerberus didn't want to let me in."
I half smiled. I could imagine what a battle a stranger must have to
get by Kim.
"We received your wire from Albeck and as the Count is inaccessible,
your orders will come through me this time."
There was an interruption, for Kim had appeared with cigarettes.
"The Count," continued von Stammer, driving direct to the point,
"wishes you to go to Belgrade and get in close touch with existing
conditions there. We wish you to ascertain the undercurrent
situation. The official status is, of course, well known to us. But
we want definitely to find out just how far Russian influences are at
work in Bucharest and Sofia, just how far they have progressed and how
far they are prepared to go in this Balkan affair. If you cannot get
in Belgrade the wanted information--and absolute accuracy is
imperative--go to the Bulgarian capital. But--and this is
important--no time must be lost. A definite insight into the inner
workings of the situation must be in my hands at the earliest possible
moment."
Here indeed was a task.
"Understand," continued von Stammer, "you will have the assistance in
this case of Austrian Secret employees. But, as I need not point out
to you, it is inadvisable to take any of them with you, as all the
Austrian agents are known to the Russian agents down in the Balkans.
I suggest that you stop at Budapest and get all connecting links of
possible help to you. You will obtain these from Kasimir Kowalsky, an
Austrian agent whom you will find at Donaustrasse 24. By the way, do
you know him?"
I said no.
"In this case," went on von Stammer, "I shall give instructions to
facilitate matters. It is necessary for you to have passports. Have
you any reason to fear your previous mission to the Balkans?"
He referred to that incident in 1903, current with the assassination
of King Alexander and Queen Draga of Servia--an incident I don't like
to think of, for it landed me on a blank wall looking into twelve ugly
Mauser tubes, as you will recall from a previous chapter.
I considered that there were only two men in the Balkans who could
have placed me from the 1903 incident. One Colonel Niglitch was dead,
slain at the time of the Alexander assassination; the other was
Stamboul and he was no doubt moving in the circles where my mission
would take me. Were I to meet him it would mean recognition, a
possible knife in the back. No, I was in no way keen to undertake
this mission. My previous experience in the Balkans and all that ilk
had given me a thorough distaste of the people there. There is no
mixture of races so dangerous. Nearly every man is for a small sum a
traitor and potential assassin. I had had a taste of their methods
and I didn't want another. Von Stammer must have noticed my
hesitation, for he grinned and said:
"Nervous about it?"
I frankly was. I told him so.
"Yes, I understand your attitude." [I had been on the go for over
five months solid and I wanted a rest.] "I beg of you to consider
though that you are the only man we have at our disposal who can see
this thing through."
He then began to hint in such a way that it became obvious to me that
refusal on my part would not be at all to the liking of the
Wilhelmstrasse. Refusal would mean loss of favor and with it the
choice jobs. As an added inducement, von Stammer promised double the
usual remuneration. Frankly this was a point. I considered that the
mission would not take me over three or four weeks and he had agreed
to pay me $2,500, aside from the bonus always attached to successful
and quick work. Still, I wasn't sure that I wanted to go. I knew
there was the danger of recognition, and I knew the kind of
irresponsible, hotheaded, temperamental people I was going among. It
was far more difficult, far more hazardous, than any mission I had
ever undertaken, in England or France; even the tremendous
responsibilities of the affair in the Black Forest carried with them
none of the personal dangers that this did. When he pressed me for a
decision I requested some little time to think things over. Asking me
to telephone his home before midnight and let him know what I was
going to do, he departed.
I hope I am still a Christian, but contact and intercourse with the
mysticism of Africa and India has made me superstitious. I have a
curious habit at momentous times of indecision of taking two full
packages of cards and playing Napoleon's solitaire. If I get it out
once in three times, I generally go into the matter in hand without
question. It never has failed me. Twice in my life I went against
it; twice I had bitter cause of regret.
Well, I didn't give von Stammer his decision on the moment because I
wanted to try the old test. Kim produced the cards and I began to
play. I got it out the second time. Going to the 'phone I called von
Stammer and told him I would undertake the mission. He asked me to
come at once to his house, and there I received final instructions and
passports, the latter essential south of the Austrian frontier.
At three o'clock in the morning I boarded the Orient Express via
Vienna and made a stop over of a day at Budapest. I went immediately
to Donaustrasse 24 and saw the Austrian agent Kowalsky. From him I
gained points that were invaluable to me. For instance, he gave me
the names of men who frequented certain places in Belgrade, men w ho
would be of use to me. He also warned me of certain persons,
especially women whom he knew to be in Russian employ. That night I
caught a train for Belgrade, well satisfied with the results of my
visit to Kowalsky.
Before dinner time the next day, I was installed at the Hotel de Paris
in Belgrade. My rooms had been engaged for me beforehand and they
were the most expensive in the hotel--for a reason. I found myself in
an elaborate suite on the first door, known as the suite Des Princes.
This was a necessary move of the parvenu as money is the first and
last word in the Balkans. Belgrade and everybody in it pride
themselves on their up-to-date Parisian style. Everybody lives in the
Parisian way. Army officers, whose pay is infinitesimal, all live
like Russian Grand Dukes. How they are able to manage this on the
official Servian army salaries of 65 cents a day would naturally
puzzle an outsider. The answer is, Russian gold. It buys anything
and everything south of Budapest. It cannot buy in Montenegro where
patriotism is supreme, nor can it buy what it wants among the Osmans.
To be sure it can buy the Turk; but there is a vast difference between
an Osmanly and a Turk.
Through my lavish expenditure of money, I soon was a marked person and
courted by all the gay officers of the capital. One of their number
was a Major Schuvealoff. A _bon vivant_ and gambler, was Major
Schuvealoff, with the tastes of a Grand Duke. On a mission of this
kind a secret agent always likes to find a man who is "fast." I knew
the Major to be in the Russian pay. Kowalsky tipped me off to that.
I knew that it was from him I could get everything I wanted, even
though he was taking the Czar's gold.
Into the gay life of Belgrade I plunged a-hunting, the Major the
quarry. I gave a series of dinners at the Hotel de Paris. After the
dinners there was gambling. I always lost to the Major. He lost to
others but I was careful never to win from him. He fell into the way
of dropping around at my quarters. Like most of his set, the Major
was a heavy drinker. When his face would become very hushed and his
tongue very glib, I would try to draw things out of him, but I never
could get anything worth while. The slightest suspicious question
made him close up as tight as an oyster.
I had seen him often in the company of a French lady, a Mlle. Rene
Valon. It was obvious that she and the Major were on pretty good
terms. Little incidents, things that happened in a room full of
people, led me to guess that she was extremely fond of him. I made it
my business to cultivate her acquaintance, for experience had often
shown me that where gold and myself failed, a pair of flashing eyes
and other felicities will often succeed. Like all the other women of
that set in Belgrade, Mlle. Valon was woefully extravagant. She
gambled heavily and one night I assisted her with a loan of 500
francs. I came to know her fairly well.
I had no previous indication of her being in any way connected with
any foreign service. Indeed everything pointed to the contrary. But
when on these missions, one is always on the _qui vive_. Mlle.
Valon's French was perfect. She looked French, her mannerisms were
French. Still I wasn't satisfied. In a case like this, it is wise to
be suspicious of every one. I began to make the most delicate
inquiries. In conversation I tried to draw out little things. I felt
she was playing a rôle. I used outside sources, but everything bore
out the French origin. Still I wasn't satisfied. Subsequently my
_quasi_ suspicions proved to be correct.
One night Mlle. Valon gave a supper party in her apartments in the
Hotel de Paris. After the supper there was gambling among the guests.
Here in the privacy of her rooms was an opportunity to discover some
little thing that would either confirm her French claims or confirm my
suspicions. I kept my eyes open, but they could find nothing that
would show any connection with Russia. That is, they found nothing
until Mlle. Valon got up from the table, went to her boudoir and
returned nibbling on a piece of candy. It was the candy that gave her
away.
I saw at once it was a particular brand of Russian candy quite
distinct from similar confections in France and Turkey. In reality
they are natural flowers such as roses and violets with their
fragrance and natural taste in a champagne-colored, crystal substance,
the nature of which is a secret. Made solely by Demitrof and Sons of
Moscow, they are usually appreciated only by a born Moscovite. The
taste for them must be acquired. Only a Russian or one who had for
years lived in Russia would have it.
Although Mlle. Valon was personally unknown to me, five out of every
ten of these women were invariably known to the Secret Service branch
of the Continental police. My suspicions as to her confirmed, it was
an even chance that I might be able to place her. I procured two
snapshots of her and a specimen of her handwriting. These I forwarded
to the chief of the sections in Vienna and Berlin, with a request to
wire any possible information about her. Within forty-eight hours I
had a reply. Mlle. Valon was well known to the Austrian police as a
one-time keeper of a fashionable gambling resort in Galicia. She had
left the country hurriedly after a stabbing affray. She was known in
Crakau as Paula, and she was wanted by the police.
I engineered my next meeting with Mlle. Valon to be alone. After
presenting her with a box of perfumes, I said abruptly:
"This is a change from Crakau, Paula."
It is always wise to smash right out, and not to put the other on
guard through leading questions, and the trick had the desired effect.
She recoiled. To your high American standards of chivalry, it may
seem brutal to take advantage of a woman in this way, but it had to be
done. Moreover, these women are absolutely conscienceless themselves.
"Grand Dieu! Who are you?"
"That does not concern you ma fille, I know that and a good deal more.
Austria would be very glad to know where you are. Shall I tell them?"
She had recovered to an extent.
"What is your price for not telling?"
I replied:
"Let Russia slip this once, gain me the information I seek and nothing
further shall be said."
Her air of surprise was perfect.
"Russia? I know nothing at all about Russia."
I smiled, walked to her desk where there was a silver tray, and picked
up a sugared rose.
"You're clever, Paula, but careless. Know nothing about Russia, yet
have acquired a taste for the fine candies of the Moscovites?
Remarkable, Paula."
She bit her lips.
"What do you want?"
"Now before we begin, Paula,"--that name seemed to vex her--"let it be
understood that there is to be no double dealing here. It would be an
easy matter for you to have me legitimately assassinated."
She would do that in this way:
She would tell one of her many admirers that I had insulted her. One
morning I would come downstairs to be slapped in the face before a
hotel full of people and what could I do? It would be a case of
pistols and I would get a bullet.
"Remember," I cautioned her, "if anything happens to me here--and if
they in Vienna do not hear from me every six hours, on the seventh you
will be arrested. You will be arrested on an Imperial Austrian
warrant. Your friends in here, army officers, though they are, will
not dare to help you. Servia will not take the chance of angering
Austria by refusing to acknowledge the imperial warrant. Remember,
Paula, there is now an Austrian army on the Servian border."
The look she gave me was venomous.
"Now I'll tell you what I want," I continued. "Major Schuvealoff is
in the Russian pay. He has got the key to the Russian influence here.
He knows just how far they are prepared to go. I want that key.
You've got to get it. I have the Major pretty well sounded. Money
would be very acceptable to him. He is half-willing to sell out
Russia, but he fears your supervision. I know that you were sent here
by Russia, Paula, just to keep your eye on agents in Russian pay,
principally on our friend Schuvealoff. I know you have not the
situation in hand like he has. If you had, I wouldn't bother going
any further, I'd get it from you . . . Now your part is to give him
to understand that he has nothing to fear from you. No lapse by him
will be reported. You're rather fond of him already, aren't you? If
you value his safety you'd better do as I ask. Otherwise I shall also
let him go up. I hold something over his head too."
This last shot in the dark seemed to bear the most weight with her.
She said:
"What guarantee have I that you'll keep your side of the bargain?"
I said none, for the simple reasOn I couldn't give any.
"Your own sense," I explained, "and knowledge of the work you're doing
should tell you that it is to my interest to get results, and not
trouble about other things. I'll promise you, however, no further
interference for this affair in Crakau. There will also be the price
of a diamond collar in it for you." (I subsequently filed a
requisition for $1,000 to be paid her, but I think she got more.) "You
agree? Good!"
The agreement closed, I went back to the hotel well satisfied with the
night's work.
Early the next morning a very perturbed Major Schovealoff was shown
into my chamber. I greeted him cordially and opened fire with the
remark.
"I see Mlle. Valon has conferred with you."
He started.
"How did you know?"
"Mon cher Major, this early visit, your sobriety, your nervous manner
are indications enough. My time is valuable, and although your petite
Paris here is very entertaining, I prefer the Baltic seashore. If you
have anything to say to me, say it quickly, and to the point. I leave
this afternoon for Vienna. It may interest you to know that you are
absolutely safe. I put no stop to your no doubt valuable service to
your employer. In fact, it's no affair of mine what you do after I
leave. But I want the whole of your knowledge of Russian activity
here and in Roumania."
He replied:
"I know very little about Roumania."
I shook my head.
''This will not do, Major, you know about as much of Russian intrigues
in Roumania as you do of them here. I want the whole or nothing. As
Mlle. Valon--Paula--doubtless has told you, neither you nor she are
in a position to hold back a single thing."
Without further attempt to bluff it out, he told me what I wanted.
The gist of it was this:
With the aid of French money, Russia was heavily subsidizing Bulgaria
and Servia against Turkey. Numerable non-commission Russian and
French officers were pouring into Belgrade and Sofia. They were ready
to take the field in the armies of the Allies. Most of the leading
officers and men of affairs of the Allies were in the Russian pay. In
fact, a systematic Russianization was in progress. The armies of the
Allies were being equipped with a new kind of French gun. Bulgarian
and Servian troops were being paid by Russian and French gold.
Obviously the menace of the Czar abetted by France was to be a
tremendous factor in the situation. Russia was in so deep that there
was no pulling out.
This, of course, had been suspected by the cabinets of Germany and
Austria. But how far and how thorough the actuality was, I had been
sent to find out. The results of my mission showed beyond all doubt
the urgent need for Germany and Austria to begin their machinations to
off-set the rising power of Russia in the Balkans. I took the night's
Orient Express for Berlin direct and I made my report to von Stammer,
as Wedel was still inaccessible, being away with the Kaiser.
At once Austria and Germany set about to smash the threatening
predominance of Russian influence in the Balkans. A solid coalition
of Bulgaria, Servia and Montenegro with a Russian dominance would have
played a solid factor in the policies of Germany, Austria and England.
It would have interfered with the plans made for the isolation of
France at that secret meeting in the Black Forest. This coalition had
to be broken up. It _was_ broken up.
At the crucial stage of the Balkan war, experts in Eastern questions
turned curious eyes toward Roumania, the most advanced and the
strongest of the Balkan States. The sway and influence behind
Roumania controls the situation in the Balkans. Who is the power
holding this key to the situation? Germany and Austria. The
appearance of an army on Roumania's southwestern frontier would have
made a vast difference in the success of the Balkan arms against the
Turk. This army, however, did not appear until the Allies had
finished fighting Turkey and had begun to fight themselves. I shall
show you why this army was withheld.
The ruling house in Roumania is closely allied and related to the
house of Hohenzollern. I need only mention Carmen Sylva, the Queen of
Roumania, and King Charles, both German by birth. The direct
commercial relationship between Germany and Roumania is also very
great. Roumania, of all the Balkan countries, has least felt the yoke
of the Turk and the intense hatred of the Turk rampant in the rest of
the Balkan States is not characteristic of Carmen Sylva's domains.
Russo-French machinations producing tangible results in Bulgaria,
Servia, Montenegro and Albania met with only indifferent success in
Roumania. If Russian persuasion and gold could have induced Roumania
to throw her armies into the field against the Turk, the map of the
Balkans would show some mighty changes. A Roumanian army corps,
menacing Turkey's northwestern frontier during her struggle with the
Balkan Allies, would certainly have seen the occupation of
Constantinople by the allied forces. But those army corps were
withheld through Austro-German influence and pressure on Roumania.
Ready they were and they came in handy and were made use of by Germany
and Austria in keeping Servia and Bulgaria in check. Bulgaria, Servia
and Montenegro, stanchly believing Russia's promises in securing
ratification of their successes and territory, found themselves left
to their own resource, Russia being unable through force of
circumstances to exert her pledged influence.
Humanity has been staggered by the results of the wars in the Balkans,
but to those who were behind the scenes the results did not come as a
surprise. Bulgaria alone had enough successes against the Turk to
warrant great acquisitions of territory, so with her allies. Under
ordinary circumstances there would have been no return to the _status
quo ante-bellum_. Why this return?
When little countries previously hereditary enemies are welded
together by an outside power and the influence of this power
subsequently wanes, there is an inevitable outcome. The individual
cupidity and jealousies will break forth, especially when judiciously
fostered as they were in this instance by the counter influence of
Germany and Austria. The result is well known. Servia was jealous of
Bulgaria; Bulgaria was jealous of Montenegro; Greece was jealous of
the lot and Roumania, instigated by her wirepullers, would not permit
any of them to have anything. But through sheer exhaustion and
disgust and a stoppage of Franco-Russian money we would have had one
of the finest all around throat-cutting competitions the world has
ever seen. In the meantime, the mutual jealousy and inability to
divide the spoil was beneficial to Turkey, who really lost nothing
worth speaking about, commensurate with the reverses received.
That and the breaking up of any possible coalition or federation of
Balkan States under Russian influence was just what the
German-Austrian Balkan policy demanded. A broken and prostrated
Turkey, a united and strong central Balkan Federation able to put a
million efficient fighters in the field, probably under Russian sway,
would make a vast difference to German aims and aspirations in central
Europe. A million soldiers cooperating with Russia would in the event
of a European war take practically the whole of the Austrian forces,
leaving Germany the sole care of the Russian battalions, which would
mean quite half her available fighting force, weakening her operations
by that half on her Franco and lowland border. As it stands now, the
Balkans eliminated for decades to come; Turkey as a potential fighting
stronger today than ever, would and will be used by Germany against
any possible Russian interference; and the Turkish army,
three-quarters of a million strong, in conjunction with the Austrian
armies provides the needed guard against Russia, joining in or making
capital out of any war Germany is likely to enter into in the near
future.
Dr. Armgaard Karl Graves is not known in the Balkans, _but_ among the
gay extravagant army officers of Belgrade, "Count Arthur Zu
Wernigrode" is.