[263] Principal authorities for last two sections:
Adam of Bremen, “Gesta Hamburg eccl. Pontificum.” and
Saxo Grammaticus, “Hist. Danica.”
[264] Snorro Sturleson’s, “Heimskringla, or Chronicle of the
Kings of Norway.” Transl. from the Icelandic by Laing,
3 vols., London, 1844.
[265] Cosmas of Prague [† A.D. 1125], “Chronicon Prag.”
[266] “The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian.” Edited with
Commentary by Col. Yule, 2 vols., London, 1871.
[267] Michaud, “History of the Crusades.” Transl. by Robson,
3 vols., London, 1852.
Mill, “History of the Crusades.” 2 vols., London, 1820.
“Chronicles of the Crusades: Contemporary Narratives of
Richard Cœur de Lion, by Richard of Devizes and Geoffrey
de Vinsauf, and of the Crusade of St. Louis, by Lord
John de Joinville.” London (Bohn).
Gibbon, “History of Crusades.” London, 1869.
[268] _Pulleni dicuntur, vel quia recentes et novi, quasi pulli
respectu Surianorum reputati sunt, vel quia principaliter
de gente Apuliæ matres habuerunt. Cum enim paucas mulieres
adduxissent nostri, qui in terras remanserunt, de regno
Apuliæ, eo quod propius esset aliis regionibus, vocantes
mulieres, cum eis matrimonia contraxerunt._
[269] Stubbs, “Chronicle and Memorials of Richard I.”
London, 1864.
[270] Prescott, “History of Ferdinand and Isabella.” Good edition
by Kirk, in 1 vol., London, 1886.
Geddes, “History of Expulsion of Moriscoes.” In “Miscell.
Tracts.” Vol. i., London, 1714.
McCrie, “Hist. of Prop. and Suppr. of Reformation in Spain.”
London, 1829.
Ranke, “History of Reformation.” Transl. by Mrs. Austin,
vol. iii., London, 1847.
[271] Milman, “History of the Jews.” Book xxiv. 1, “The Feudal
System.”
[272] “De sua conversione.” In Carpzov’s edit. of the “Pugio
Fidei” of Raimund Martini, § 103, 9.
[273] Milman, “History of the Jews.” 3 vols., London, 1863;
bks. xxiv., xxvi.
Prescott, “Ferdinand and Isabella.” Pt. I., ch. xvii.
[274] Bryce, “The Holy Roman Empire.” London, 1866.
O’Donoghue, “History of Church and Court of Rome, from
Constantine to Present Time.” 2 vols., London, 1846.
Bower’s “History of the Popes.” Vol. v.
[275] For Lanfranc, see Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of
Canterbury.” Vol. ii., London, 1861.
[276] Bowden, “Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII.” 2 vols.,
London, 1840.
Villemain, “Life of Gregory VII.” Transl. by Brockley,
2 vols., London, 1874.
Stephen, “Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography.” 2 vols.,
London, 1850.
Hallam, “Middle Ages.” Vol. i., London, 1840.
Milman, “Latin Christianity.” Vol. iii., London, 1854.
[277] Church, “St. Anselm.” London, 1870.
Rule, “Life and Times of St. Anselm.” 2 vols., London, 1883.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Canterbury.” Vol. ii., London,
1879, pp. 169-276.
[278] “Vita et Epistolæ Thomæ Cantuari.” Edited by Giles, 4 vols.,
London, 1846.
Morris, “Life and Martyrdom of Thomas à Becket.”
London, 1859.
Robertson, “Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.”
London, 1859.
“Materials for Life of Thomas à Becket.” 2 vols.,
London, 1875.
Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. ii.,
London, 1879, pp. 354-507.
Stanley, “Memorials of Canterbury.” London, 1855.
Freeman, “Historical Essays.” First Series, Essay IV.
[279] On Stephen Langton see
Pearson, “History of England during Early and Middle Ages.”
Vol. ii.
Milman, “History of Latin Christianity.” Vol. iv.,
London, 1854.
Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. ii.,
4th edition, London, 1879, pp. 657-761.
Maurice, “Lives of English Popular Leaders. 1. Stephen
Langton.” London.
[280] Kingston, “History of Frederick II., King of the Romans.”
London, 1862.
[281] Stubbs, “Memorials of St. Dunstan. Collection of six
Biographies.” London, 1875.
Soames, “Anglo-Saxon Church.” London, 1835.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Canterbury.” Vol. i., pp. 382-426,
London, 1860.
[282] Luard, “Roberti Grosseteste, Episcopi quondam Lincolniensis
Epistolæ.” London, 1862.
[283] According to Giordano of Giano, who himself was there, the
number of brothers present was about 3,000, and the people
of the neighbourhood supplied them so abundantly with food
and drink that they had at last to put a stop to their
bringing. But soon the tradition of the order multiplied
the 3,000 into 5,000, and transformed the quite natural
account of their support into a “_miraculum stupendum_,”
parallel to the feeding of the 5,000 in the wilderness
(Matt. xiv. 15-21).
[284] Trench, “The Mendicant Orders.” in “Lectures on Mediæval
Church History.” London, 1878.
[285] Milman, “History of Latin Christianity.” Vol. v.
Wadding, “Annales Minorum Fratrum.” 8 vols., Lugd., 1625.
Stephen, “St. Francis of Assisi.” In “Essays in
Ecclesiastical Biography.” London, 1860.
[286] “Annales Ordinis Prædicatorum.” Vol. i., Rome, 1746.
[287] Gieseler, “Ecclesiastical History.” § 72, Edin., 1853,
vol. iii., pp. 268-276.
[288] Addison, “History of the Knights Templars.” etc.,
London, 1842.
[289] Taafe, “Order of St. John of Jerusalem.” 4 vols.,
London, 1852.
[290] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 355-377.
Hampden, “The Scholastic Philosophy considered in its
relation to Christian Theology.” Oxford, 1832.
Maurice, “Mediæval Philosophy.” London, 1870.
Harper, “The Metaphysics of the School.” London, 1880 f.
[291] Kirkpatrick, “The Historically Received Conception of a
University.” London, 1857.
Hagenbach, “Encyclopædia of Theology.” Transl. by Crooks
and Hurst, New York, 1884, § 18, pp. 50, 51.
[292] Cunningham, “Historical Theology.” Edinburgh, 1870,
vol. i., ch. xv., “The Canon Law.” Pp. 426-438.
[293] Räbiger, “Theological Encyclopædia.” Vol. i., p. 28,
Edin., 1884.
[294] Maitland, “The Dark Ages: a Series of Essays, to Illustrate
the State of Religion and Literature in the Ninth, Tenth,
Eleventh, and Twelfth Centuries.” London, 1844.
[295] The Aelfric Society founded in 1842 has edited his
Anglo-Saxon writings and those of others. The Homilies
were edited by Thorpe in 2 vols., in 1843 and 1846.
“Select Monuments of Doctrine and Worship of Catholic
Church in England before the Norman Conquest, consisting
of Aelfric’s Paschal Homily.” Etc., London, 1875.
On Aelfric and Ethelwold see an admirable sketch, with
full references to and appropriate quotations from
early chronicles, in Hook’s “Lives of the Archbishops
of Canterbury.” Vol. i., pp. 434-455.
[296] Macpherson on “Anselm’s Theory of the Atonement; its Place
in History.” In _Brit. and For. Evang. Review_ for 1878,
pp. 207-232.
[297] Church, “St. Anselm.” London, 1870.
Rule, “Life and Times of St. Anselm.” 2 vols., London, 1883.
[298] On Anselm’s and Abælard’s theories of atonement, see
Ritschl, “History of Christian Doctrine of Justification
and Reconciliation.” Pp. 22-40., Edin., 1872.
[299] Berington, “History of the Lives of Abælard and Heloise.”
London, 1787.
Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 386-397,
London, 1872.
[300] Neander, “St. Bernard and his Times.” London, 1843.
Morison, “Life and Times of St. Bernard.” London, 1863.
[301] Räbiger “Theological Encyclopædia.” Vol. i., p. 27,
Edin., 1884.
[302] Westcott, “Epistles of St. John.” London, 1883.
Dissertation on “The Gospel of Creation.” Pp. 277-280.
Bruce, “Humiliation of Christ.” Edin., 1876,
pp. 354 ff., 487 f.
[303] This work is entitled _Contra quatuor labyrinthos Franciæ,
Seu contra novas hæreses, quas Abælardus, Lombardus,
Petrus Pictaviensis, et Gilbertus Porretanus libris
sententiarum acuunt limant, roborant Ll. IV._
[304] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” London, 1872, Vol. i.,
pp. 405-428.
Ginsburg, “The Kabbalah, its doctrines, development, and
literature.” London, 1865.
Palmer, “Oriental Mysticism.” A treatise on the Suffistic
and Unitarian Theosophy of the Persians, compiled from
native sources, London, 1867.
[305] Sighart, “Albert the Great: his Life and Scholastic
Labours.” Translated from the French by T. A. Dixon,
London, 1876.
[306] Hampden, “Life of Thomas Aquinas: a Dissertation of the
Scholastic Philosophy of the Middle Ages.” London, 1848.
Cicognani, “Life of Thomas Aquinas.” London, 1882.
Townsend, “Great Schoolmen of the Middle Ages.” London, 1882.
Vaughan, “Life and Labours of St. Thomas of Aquino.”
2 vols., London, 1870.
[307] “Monumenta Franciscana.” in “Chronicles and Memorials of
Great Britain and Ireland.” Edited for the “Master of the
Rolls Series.” By Brewer, London, 1858.
In addition to the _Opus Majus_ referred to above, Brewer
has edited _Fr. Rogeri Bacon Opera quædum inedita_,
vol. i., containing _Opus Tertium_, _Opus Minus_, and
_Compendium Philosophiæ_.
[308] Neubauer, “Jewish Controversy and the ‘Pugio Fidei.’” In
_Expositor_ for February and March, 1888.
[309] Hodge, “Systematic Theology.” Vol. iii., pp. 492-497.
[310] Preuss, “The Romish Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception
traced from its Source.” Edinburgh, 1867.
[311] Maccall, “Christian Legends of Middle Ages, from German of
von Bulow.” London.
Cox and Jones, “Popular Romances of the Middle Ages.”
London.
Baring Gould, “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages.”
London, 1884.
“The Legend of St. Ursula and the Virgin Martyrs of
Cologne.” London, 1860.
[312] “Liturgical Poetry of Adam of St. Victor.” With transl. into
English, and notes, by Wrangham, 3 vols., London, 1881.
Bird, “The Latin Hymns of the Church.” In the _Sunday
Magazine_ for 1865, pp. 530 ff., 679 ff., 776 ff.
Trench, “Sacred Latin Poetry.” London, 1849.
Neale, “Mediæval Hymns.”
[313] “Christus ist erstanden von der Marter Banden.”
[314] Eastlake, “History of the Gothic Revival.” London, 1872.
Norton, “Historical Studies of Church Building in the
Middle Ages.” New York, 1880.
Didron, “History of Christian Art in the Middle Ages.”
London, 1851.
[315] Kügler, “Handbook of Painting: Italian Schools.” Translated
by Eastlake, London, 1855.
Warrington, “History of Stained Glass.” London, 1850.
[316] Kingsley, “The Saint’s Tragedy.” London, 1848. A dramatic
poem founded on the story of St. Elizabeth’s life.
[317] On Hilarius, an English monk, author of several plays,
see Morley’s “Writers before Chaucer.” London, 1864,
pp. 542-552.
[318] Delepierre, “History of Flemish Literature from the 12th
Century.” London, 1860.
[319] Cooper, “Flagellation and the flagellants.” London, 1873.
[320] Perrin, “History of the Vaudois.” London, 1624.
Muston, “Israel of the Alps.” 2 vols., Glasgow, 1858.
Monastier, “History of the Vaudois Church from its Origin.”
New York, 1849.
Peyran, “Historical Defence of the Waldenses or Vaudois.”
London, 1826.
Todd, “The Waldensian Manuscripts.” London, 1865.
Wylie, “History of the Waldensians.” London, 1880.
Comba, “History of the Waldenses.” London, 1888.
[321] Sismondi, “History of Crusades against the Albigenses of
the 13th Century.” London, 1826.
[322] Limborch, “History of the Inquisition.” 2 vols.,
London, 1731.
Lea, “History of the Inquisition.” 3 vols., Philad. and
London, 1888.
Baker, “History of Inquisition in Portugal, Spain, Italy.”
Etc., London, 1763.
Prescott, “History of Ferdinand and Isabella.” Pt. i.,
ch. vii.
Llorente, “Histoire critique de l’Inquisition d’Espagne.”
Paris, 1818.
Rule, “History of Inquisition.” 2 vols., London, 1874.
[323] Creighton, “History of the Papacy during the Reformation.”
Vols. i.-iv., A.D. 1378-1518, London, 1882 ff.
Gosselin, “The Power of the Popes during the Middle Ages.”
2 vols., London, 1853.
Reichel, “See of Rome in the Middle Ages.” London, 1870.
[324] On Boniface VIII. see a paper in Wiseman’s “Essays on
Various Subjects.” London, 1888.
[325] Lenfant, “History of the Council of Constance.” 2 vols.,
London, 1730.
[326] Jenkins, “The Last Crusader; or, The Life and Times of
Cardinal Julian of the House of Cesarini.” London, 1861.
Creighton, “History of the Papacy.” Vol. ii., “The Council
of Basel: the Papal Restoration, A.D. 1418-1464.”
[327] Creighton, “History of the Papacy.” Vols. iii. and iv.,
“The Italian Princes, A.D. 1464-1518.”
[328] Roscoe, “Life and Pontificate of Leo X.” 4 vols.,
Liverpool, 1805.
[329] Salmon, “The Infallibility of the Church.” London, 1888.
[330] Haye, “Persecution of the Knights Templars.” Edin., 1865.
[331] Kettlewell, “Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of the Common
Life.” 2 vols., London, 1882.
[332] Hook, “Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury.” Vol. iv.,
“Bradwardine.”
[333] Ueberweg, “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 460-464.
[334] Luther’s Catholic opponents said, _Si Lyra non lyrasset,
Lutherus non saltasset_. This saying had an earlier
form: “Si Lyra non lyrasset, nemo Doctorum in Biblia
saltasset;” “Si Lyra non _lyrasset, totus mundus
delirasset_.”
[335] Dalgairns, “The German Mystics in the 14th Century.”
London, 1850.
Vaughan, “Hours with the Mystics.” 3rd ed., 2 vols.,
London, 1888.
[336] See an admirable account of Eckhart by Dr. Adolf Lasson in
Ueberweg’s “History of Philosophy.” Vol. i., pp. 467-484.
[337] Winkworth, “Life and Times of Tauler, with Twenty-five
Sermons.” London, 1857.
Herrick, “Some Heretics of Yesterday.” London, 1884.
[338] Kettlewell, “The Authorship of the ‘Imitation of Christ.’”
London, 1877.
Kettlewell, “Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of the Common
Life.” 2 vols., London, 1882.
Ullmann, “Reformers before the Reformation.” Vol. ii.,
Edin., 1855.
Cruise, “Thomas à Kempis: Notes of a Visit to the Scenes
of his Life.” London, 1887.
[339] Baring-Gould, “Mediæval Preachers: Some Account
of Celebrated Preachers of the 15th, 16th, and
17th Centuries.” London, 1865.
[340] “Biblia Pauperum.” Reproduced in facsimile from MS. in
British Museum, London, 1859.
[341] Douce, “The Dance of Death.” London, 1833.
[342] Symonds, “Renaissance in Italy.” 2 vols., London, 1881.
[343] Church, “Dante and other Essays.” London, 1888.
Plumptre, “Commedia, etc., of Dante, with Life and Studies.”
2 vols., London, 1886-1888.
Oliphant, “Dante.” Edinburgh, 1877.
Ozanam, “Dante and the Catholic Philosophy of the
13th Century.” London, 1854.
Barlow, “Critical, Historical, and Philosophical
Contributions to the Study of the _Divina Commedia_.”
London, 1884.
Botta, “Dante as Philosopher, Patriot, and Poet.”
New York, 1865.
M. F. Rossetti, “A Shadow of Dante.” Boston, 1872.
[344] Reeve, “Petrarch.” Edinburgh, 1879.
Simpson, article on Petrarch in _Contemporary Review_
for July, 1874.
[345] Wratislaw, “Life and Legend of St. John Nepomucen.”
Lon., 1873.
[346] Gairdner and Spedding, “Studies in English History.” I.,
“The Lollards.”
[347] Baker, “History of the Inquisition in Portugal, Spain,
Italy.” Etc., London, 1763.
Llorente, “History of the Inquisition from its Establishment
to Ferdinand VII.” Philadelphia, 1826.
Mocatta, “Jews in Spain and Portugal, and the Inquisition.”
London, 1877.
[348] Lewis, “Hist. of Life and Sufferings of John Wiclif.”
Lond., 1720.
Vaughan, “John de Wycliffe. A Monograph.” London, 1853.
Lechler, “John Wiclif and his English Precursors.” 2 vols.,
London, 1878.
Buddensieg, “John Wyclif, Patriot and Reformer; his Life
and Writings.” London, 1884.
Burrows, “Wiclif’s Place in History.” London, 1882.
Storrs, “John Wycliffe and the first English Bible.”
New York, 1880.
[349] Gillet, “Life and Times of John Huss.” Boston, 2 vols., 1870.
Wratislaw, “John Huss.” London, 1882.
[350] Palacky, “Documenta Mag. J. H., Vitam, Doctrinam, Causam.”
Etc., illust., Prag., 1869.
Gillett, “Life and Times of John Huss.” 2 vols., Boston, 1863.
Loserth, “Wiclif and Huss.” London, 1884.
[351] On these three consult
Ullmann, “Reformers before the Reformation.” 2 vols.,
Edin., 1855.
Brandt, “History of the Reformation in the Low Countries.”
Vol. i., London, 1720.
[352] Heraud, “Life and Times of Savonarola.” London, 1843.
Villari, “History of Savonarola.” 2 vols., London, 1888.
Madden, “The Life and Martyrdom of Savonarola.” 2 vols.,
London, 1854.
MacCrie, “History of Reformation in Italy.” Edin., 1827.
Roscoe, “Lorenzo de Medici.” London, 1796.
See also chapters on Savonarola in Mrs. Oliphant’s “Makers
of Florence.” London, 1881.
Milman, “Savonarola, Erasmus.” Etc., Essays, London, 1870.
[353] Roscoe, “Leo X.” London, 1805.
[354] Villari, “Niccolo Macchiavelli, and his Times.” 4 vols.,
Lond., 1878.
[355] Strauss, “Ulrich von Hutten.” Trans. by Mrs. Sturge,
London, 1874.
Hausser, “Period of the Reformation.” 2 vols., London, 1873.
[356] A young Minorite, =Conrad Pellicanus= of Tübingen, had
as early as A.D. 1501 composed a very creditable guide
to the study of the Hebrew language, under the title _De
modo legendi et intelligendi Hebræum_, which was first
printed in Strassburg in A.D. 1504. Amid inconceivable
difficulties, purely self taught, and with the poorest
literary aids, he had secured a knowledge of the Hebrew
language which he perfected by unwearied application to
study and by intercourse with a baptized Jew. He attained
such proficiency, that he won for himself a place among the
most learned exegetes of the Reformed Church as professor
of theology at Basel in A.D. 1523 and at Zürich from
A.D. 1525 till his death, in A.D. 1556. His chief work
is _Commentaria Bibliorum_, 7 vols. fol., 1532-1539.
[357] Strauss, “Ulrich von Hutten.” London, 1874, pp. 120-140.
[358] Erasmus, “Colloquies.” Trans. by Bailey, ed. by Johnson,
Lond., 1877.
“Praise of Folly.” Trans. by Copner, Lond., 1878.
Seebohm, “Oxford Reformers of 1498: Colet, Erasmus, and
More.” Lond., 1869.
Drummond, “Erasmus, His Life and Character.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1873.
Pennington, “Life and Character of Erasmus.” Lond., 1874.
Strauss, “Ulrich von Hutten.” Lond., 1874, pp. 315-346.
Dorner, “Hist. of Prot. Theology.” 2 vols., Edin., 1871,
vol. i., p. 202.
[359] Seebohm, “Oxford Reformers.” Lond., 1869.
Walter, “Sir Thomas More.” Lond., 1840.
Mackintosh, “Life of Sir Thomas More.” Lond., 1844.
[360] Beard, “The Reformation of the 16th Cent. in its Relation
to Modern Thought and Knowledge.” Lond., 1883.
Wylie, “History of Protestantism.” 3 vols., Lond., 1875.
Merle d’Aubigné, “History of Reformation in the 16th Cent.
in Switzerland and Germany.” 5 vols., Lond., 1840.
D’Aubigné, “History of Reformation in Times of Calvin.”
8 vols., Lond., 1863.
Ranke, “History of Reformation in Germany.” 3 vols.,
Lond., 1845.
Häusser, “The Period of the Reformation.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1873.
Hagenbach, “History of the Reformation.” 2 vols.,
Edinburgh, 1878.
Köstlin, “Life of Martin Luther.” Lond., 1884.
Bayne, “Martin Luther: his Life and Work.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1887.
Rae, “Martin Luther, Student, Monk, Reformer.” Lond., 1884.
Dale, “Protestantism: Its Ultimate Principle.” Lond., 1875.
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” 2 vols.,
Edinburgh, 1871.
Cunningham, “Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation.”
Edinburgh, 1862.
Tulloch, “Leaders of the Reformation.” Edinburgh, 1859.
[361] Ledderhose, “Life of Melanchthon.” Trans. by Krotel,
Philad., 1855.
[362] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 98-113.
“The First Principles of the Reformation Illustrated
in the Ninety-five Theses and Three Primary Works of
Martin Luther.” Edited with historical and theological
introductions by Wace and Bucheim, Lond., 1884.
[363] Morris, “Luther at the Wartburg and Coburg.” Philad., 1882.
[364] Weber, “Luther’s Treatise, _De Servo Arbitrio_.” In _Brit.
and For. Evan. Review_, 1878, pp. 799-816.
[365] Myconius, “Vita Zwinglii.” Basel, 1536.
Hess, “Life of Zwingli, the Swiss Reformer.” London, 1832.
Christoffel, “Zwingli; or, The Rise of the Reformation in
Switzerland.” Edin., 1858.
Blackburn, “Ulrich Zwingli.” London, 1868.
[366] Blackburn, “William Farel (1487-1531): The Story of the
Swiss Reformation.” Edin., 1867.
[367] Burrage, “History of the Anabaptists in Switzerland.”
Philad., 1882.
[368] Cunningham, “Reformers and Theology of the Reformation.”
Edin., 1862, pp. 212-291; “Zwingli and the Doctrine of
the Sacraments.”
[369] Calvin, “Tracts relating to the Reformation, with Life of
Calvin by Beza.” 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1844-1851.
Henry, “Life of John Calvin.” 2 vols., London, 1849.
Audin (Cath.), “History of Life, Writings, and Doctrines
of Calvin.” 2 vols., London, 1854.
Dyer, “The Life of John Calvin.” London, 1850.
Bungener, “Calvin: his Life, Labours, and Writings.”
Edinburgh, 1863.
[370] M’Crie, “The Early Years of John Calvin, A.D. 1509-1536.”
Ed. by W. Fergusson, Edinburgh, 1880.
[371] “English Translation of Calvin’s Works.” By Calvin
Translation Society, in 52 vols., Edinburgh, 1842-1853.
For a more sympathetic and true estimate of Calvin as a
commentator, see Farrar, “History of Interpretations.”
London, 1886.
Also papers by Farrar on the “Reformers as Commentators.”
In _Expositor_, Second Series.
[372] See Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 384-414, for a much truer outline of Calvin’s
doctrine from another Lutheran pen.
[373] Cunningham, “Reformers and Theology of the Reformation.”
Essay vii., “Calvin and Beza.” Pp. 345-412, Edin., 1862.
[374] Butler, “The Reformation in Sweden, its Rise, Progress, and
Crisis, and its Triumph under Charles IX.” New York, 1883.
Geijer, “History of the Swedes.” Trans. from the Swedish by
Turner, Lond., 1847.
[375] Pontoppidan, “Annales eccles. Dan.” ii., iii., Han., 1741.
Ranke, “History of the Reformation.” Vol. iii.
[376] The chief documentary authorities for the whole period are
the State Papers edited by Brewer and others. See also
Froude, “History of England from Fall of Wolsey till Death
of Elizabeth.” 12 vols., Lond., 1856-1869.
Burnet, “History of Reformation of Church of England.”
2 vols., Lond., 1679.
Blunt, “Reformation of the Church of England.” 4th ed.,
Lond., 1878.
Strype, “Ecclesiastical Memorials.” 3 vols., Lond., 1721.
“Annals of the Reformation.” 4 vols., 1709-1731.
Foxe, “Acts and Monuments.” (Pub. A.D. 1563), 8 vols.,
Lond., 1837-1841.
[377] Demaus, “Life of William Tyndal.” London, 1868.
Fry, “A Bibliographical Description of the Editions of the
N.T., Tyndale’s Version in English, etc., the notes in
full of the Edition of 1534.” London, 1878.
“Facsimile Edition of Tyndale’s first printed N.T.” Edited
by Arber, London, 1871.
[378] Gasquet, “Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries.”
2 vols., London, 1888.
[379] Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Canterbury.” Vols. vi., vii.
Bayly, “Life and Death of Fisher, Bishop of Rochester.”
London, 1655.
Dixon, “History of Church of England.” London, 1878,
vol. i., “Henry VIII.”
Froude, “History of England.” Vols. i.-iii.
[380] Heppe, “The Reformers of England and Germany in the
Sixteenth Century; their Intercourse and Correspondence.”
London, 1859.
[381] Phillip, “History of the Life of Reg. Pole.” 2 vols.,
London, 1765.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Cant.” Vol. viii.
Lee, “Reginald Pole, Cardinal-Archbishop of Canterbury:
an Historical Sketch.” London, 1888.
[382] Demaus, “Life of Latimer.” London, 1869.
[383] Hayward, “Life of Edward VI.” London, 1630.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Cant.” Vols. vii. and viii.
Froude, “History of Eng.” Vols. iv. and v.
Strype, “Life of Cranmer.” London, 1694.
Norton, “Life of Archb. Cranmer.” New York, 1863.
Foxe, “Acts and Monuments.”
Maitland, “Essays on the Reformation in England.”
London, 1849.
[384] Procter, “History of Book of Common Prayer.” Cambr., 1855.
Hole, “The Prayer Book.” London, 1887.
Hardwick, “History of the Articles of Religion.”
Cambr., 1851.
Stephenson, “Book of Common Prayer.” 3 vols., London, 1854.
Burnet, “Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles.”
London, 1699.
Browne, “Exposition of Thirty-Nine Articles.” London, 1858.
[385] Froude, “History of England.” Vols. vi.-xii.
Hook, “Lives of Archb. of Cant.” Vol. ix.
[386] Killen, “Ecclesiastical History of Ireland from Earliest
to Present Times.” 2 vols., Lond., 1875.
Mant, “Hist. of Church of Ireland from Reformation.”
London, 1839.
Ball, “Hist. of the Church of Ireland.”
[387] Lorimer, “Patrick Hamilton, First Preacher and Martyr of
the Scottish Reformation.” Edinburgh, 1857.
[388] It was certainly at St. Andrews that the execution took
place. The best and fullest account of Walter Mill is
given by Mr. Scott, of Arbroath, in his “Martyrs of Angus
and Mearns.” London, 1885, pp. 210-271.
For George Wishart, see same book, pp. 99-209; and
Rogers, “Life of George Wishart.” Edinburgh, 1876.
[389] Strickland, “Life of Mary Stuart.” 5 vols., Lond., 1875.
Hosack, “Mary Queen of Scots and Her Accusers.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1874.
Schiern, “Life of James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, from the
Danish.” Edin., 1880.
Skelton, “Maitland of Lethington and the Scotland of Mary
Stuart.” 2 vols., Edin., 1887 f.
[390] “The Works of John Knox.” Collected and edited by David
Laing, 7 vols., Edin., 1846-1864.
M’Crie, “Life of Knox.” 2 vols., Edin., 1811.
Lorimer, “John Knox and the Church of England.” Lond., 1875.
Calderwood, “History of Church of Scotland.” Lond., 1675.
Stuart, “History of Reformation in Scotland.” Lond., 1780.
Cook, “History of Church of Scot. from Ref.” 3 vols.,
Edin., 1815.
M’Crie, “Sketches of Scottish Church History.” 2 vols.,
Lond., 1841.
Cunningham, “History of the Church of Scotland.” 2 vols.,
Edin., 1859.
Lee, “Lectures on History of Church of Scotland from Ref.
to Rev.” 2 vols., Edin., 1860.
General Histories of Scotland:
“Robertson.” 2 vols., Edin., 1759.
“Tytler.” 9 vols., Edin., 1826.
“Burton.” 8 vols., Edin., 1873.
“Mackenzie.” Edin., 1867.
[391] Brandt, “History of the Reformation in the Low Countries.”
4 vols., Lond., 1720.
Motley, “Rise of the Dutch Republic.” 3 vols., Lond., 1856.
[392] Bersier, “Coligny: the Earlier Life of the Great Huguenot.”
Lond., 1884.
White, “The Massacre of St. Bartholomew.” 2 vols.,
London, 1868.
Lord Mahon, “Life of Louis, Prince of Condé.”
New York, 1848.
Baird, “History of the Rise of the Huguenots.” 2 vols.,
London and New York, 1880.
[393] The following have been translated into English:
“Treatise on the Church.” London, 1579.
“The Truth of the Christian Religion, partly by
Sir Phil. Sydney.” London, 1587.
“On the Eucharist.” London, 1600.
[394] De Felice, “History of Protestants in France from Beginning
of Reformation to the Present Time.” London, 1853.
Jervis, “History of the Gallican Church from A.D. 1516 to
the Revolution.” 2 vols., London, 1872.
Baird, “Huguenots and Henry of Navarre.” 2 vols.,
New York, 1886.
Ranke, “Civil Wars and Monarchy in France in the 16th and
17th Centuries.” 2 vols., London, 1852.
Smedley, “History of the Reformation in France.” 3 vols.,
London, 1832.
Weiss, “History of the Protestant Reformation in France.”
2 vols., London and New York, 1854.
“Memoirs of Duke of Sully, Prime Minister to Henry IV.”
4 vols., London (Bohn).
[395] Dalton, “John à Lasco: His Earlier Life and Labours.”
London, 1886.
Krasinski, “Historical Sketch of the Rise, Progress,
and Decline of the Reformation in Poland.” 2 vols.,
London, 1838.
[396] “History of Persecutions in Bohemia from A.D. 894 to
A.D. 1632.” London, 1650.
[397] Bauhoffer, “History of the Protestant Church of Hungary,
from the beginning of the Reformation to 1850, with
Reference also to Transylvania.” Trans. by Dr. Craig of
Hamburg, with introd. by D’Aubigné, Lond., 1854.
[398] Bochmer, “Spanish Reformers, Lives and Writings.” 2 vols.,
Strassburg, 1874.
M’Crie, “History of the Progress and Suppression of
Reformation in Spain.” Edin., 1829.
De Castro, “The Spanish Protestants, and their Persecutions
by Philip II.” Lond., 1852.
Prescott, “History of the Reign of Philip II.” 3 vols.,
Boston, 1856.
[399] M’Crie, “History of the Progress and Suppression of the
Reformation in Italy.” 2nd ed., Edinburgh, 1833.
Wiffen, “Life and Writings of Juan Valdez.” London, 1865.
Young, “Life and Times of Aonio Paleario.” 2 vols.,
London, 1860.
[400] Benrath, “Bernardius Ochino of Siena.” London, 1876.
Gordon, “Bernardius Tommassini (Ochino).” In _Theological
Review_ for October, 1876, pp. 532-561.
[401] Bonnet, “Life of Olympia Morata: an Episode of the
Renaissance and the Reformation in Italy.” Edin., 1854.
[402] Krauth, “The Conservative Reformation and its Theology.”
Philadelphia, 1872.
Döllinger, “The Church and the Churches.” Lond., 1862.
[403] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 338-383.
[404] Calvin, “Institutes.” Bk. iii., ch. xi. 5-12.
Ritschl, “History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification
and Reconciliation.” Edin., 1872, pp. 214-233.
[405] All the hymns of Luther quoted above are translated by
George Macdonald in his “Luther the Singer.” Contributed
to the _Sunday Magazine_ for 1867.
[406] On Speratus, Decius, and Eber, see an interesting paper by
the late Dr. Fleming Stevenson in _Good Words_ for 1863,
p. 542.
[407] All the hymns referred to above, as well as those which
are given in the next paragraph, are translations by
Miss Winkworth in “Lyra Germanica.” New edition,
London, 1885.
[408] Warneck, “Outlines of the History of Protestant Missions
from the Reformation to the Present Time.” Edinburgh,
1884.
[409] Hodge, “The Church and its Polity.” Edin., 1879, page 114.
[410] Morley, “Clement Marot.” London, 1871.
[411] Lee, “The Church under Queen Elizabeth.” 2 vols.,
London, 1880.
M’Crie, “Annals of English Presbytery from the Earliest
Period to the Present Time.” London, 1872.
[412] Neal, “History of the Puritans.” 4 vols., London, 1731.
Paul, “Life of Whitgift.” London, 1699.
Brook, “Lives of the Puritans.” 3 vols., London, 1813.
Marsden, “The Early Puritans.” London, 1852; “The Later
Puritans.” London, 1853.
Hopkins, “The Puritans.” 3 vols., London, 1860.
Walker, “History of Independency.” 3 vols., London, 1648.
Hanbury, “Memorials relating to the Independents.” 3 vols.,
London, 1839.
Fletcher, “History of Independ. in England.” 4 vols.,
London, 1862.
Waddington, “Congregational History.” London, 1874.
Dexter, “The Congregationalism of the last Three Hundred
Years, as seen in its Literature.” London, 1880.
Marshall, “History of the Mar-Prelate Controversy.”
London, 1845.
Robinson, “Apologie, or Defence of Christians called
Brownists.” 1604.
Ashton, “Works of John Robinson, Pastor of Pilgrim Fathers,
with Memoir and Annotations.” 3 vols., London, 1851.
Mather, “Ecclesiastical History of New England, from its
Planting in 1620 till 1698.” London, 1702.
Doyle, “The English in America: The Puritan Colonies.”
2 vols., London, 1888.
Bancroft, “History of the United States.”
[413] Parkman, “Pioneers of France in the New World.”
London, 1885.
Baird, “Rise of the Huguenots of France.” Vol. i.,
p. 291 ff.
[414] The “Heidelberg Catechism” was translated into English,
and published at Oxford, 1828.
Ursinus’ expositions of the catechism have been translated:
“The Summe of Christian Religion.” Etc., Lond., 1611.
[415] An English translation of Erastus’ treatise was published
in 1699, and re-issued with a preface by Dr. Rob. Lee,
Edin., 1844.
One of the fullest and ablest statements on “The Erastian
Controversy” is that given in chap. xxvii. of Principal
Cunningham’s “Historical Theology.” (Edin., 1870),
vol. ii., pp. 557-587.
[416] Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 182-189: “The False Theoretical Mystics: Schwenkfeld.”
Ritschl, “History of the Chr. Doctr. of Justification and
Reconciliation.” Edinburgh, 1872, p. 292.
[417] Morley, “Life of Agrippa von Nettesheim.” 2 vols.,
London, 1856.
[418] Symmonds, “The Age of the Despots.”
Dorner, “History of Protestant Theology.” Vol. i.,
pp. 191-195.
See also two articles in the July and October parts of the
_Scottish Review_ for 1888, pp. 67-107, 244-270: “Giordano
Bruno before the Venetian Inquisition,” and “The Ultimate
Fate of Giordano Bruno.”
[419] More, “Mystery of Godliness.” Bk. vi., chaps. xii.-xviii.
Also _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ in his “Coll. Phil.
Works.” London, 1662.
Rutherford, “A Survey of the Spiritual Antichrist, opening
the Secrets of Familism and Antinomianism.” London, 1648.
[420] Mosheim, “Ecclesiastical History.” Cent. xvi., sect. iii.,
part ii., chap. iii.
Ranke, “History of the Reformation.” Vol. iii., bk. vi.,
chap. ix.
Brandt, “History of the Reformation in the Low Countries.”
Vol. i.
[421] Burrage, “History of the Anabaptists in Switzerland.”
Philadelphia, 1882.
[422] Wallace, “Antitrinitarian Biography.” 3 vols., London, 1850.
Dorner, “Hist. Dev. of Doctr. of Person of Christ.”
Ritschl, “Hist. of Chr. Doctr. of Justification.” P. 289.
[423] The sketch of Servetus given above is based upon the
one-sided and wholesale eulogies of his resolute apologist
Tollin.
A thoroughly impartial and objective statement of his
doctrinal system is given by Dorner, “History of Prot.
Theology.” Vol. i., pp. 189-191.
Principal Cunningham, in a very thorough manner, examines
the grounds upon which his enemies seek to fix upon
Calvin the odium of Servetus’ death in “Reformers and
Theology of Reformation.” Essay VI., pp. 314-333.
Rilliet, “Calvin and Servetus.” Trans. by Dr. Tweedie,
Edinburgh, 1846.
Drummond, “Life of Servetus.” London, 1848.
Willis, “Servetus and Calvin.” London, 1876.
[424] Aretius, “History of Val. Gentilis, the Tritheist, put to
Death at Bern.” London, 1696.
[425] Toulmin, “Memoirs of the Life, Char., etc., of Faustus
Socinus.” London, 1777.
[426] Ritschl, “Hist. of Chr. Doctr. of Justification.”
Pp. 298-309.
Cunningham, “Historical Theology.” Chap. xxiii., “The
Socinian Controversy,” pp. 155-236.
Stillingfleet gives an account of the Racovian Catechism
in the preface to his work on “Christ’s Satisfaction.”
2nd ed., London, 1697.
[427] Ranke, “History of the Popes.” Bk. ii., “Beginnings of a
Regeneration of Catholicism.”
[428] Pasquino was a statue which shortly before had been dug up
and placed on the spot where formerly had stood the booth
of a cobbler of that name, dreaded for his pungent wit.
It was used for the posting up of “pasquins” of every
sort, especially about the popes and the curia.
[429] An admirable paper by Hase on Theiner’s “Acts of the
Council of Trent” has been translated in the _Brit.
and For. Evan. Review_ for 1876, pp. 358-369.
Mendham, “Memoirs of the Council of Trent.” London, 1834.
Father Paul Sarpi’s “History of the Council of Trent.”
3rd ed. fol., London, 1640.
Bungener, “History of the Council of Trent.” Edin., 1852.
Buckley, “Canons and Decrees of Council of Trent.”
London, 1851.
Buckley, “Catechism of Council of Trent.” London, 1852.
[430] Mendham, “The Life and Pontificate of Pius V.” London, 1832.
[431] Hübner, “The Life and Times of Sixtus V.” Trans. by
Jerningham, 2 vols., London, 1872.
[432] In “Spanish Mystics.” (London, 1886), there is an admirable
sketch of Theresa, pp. 39-86, and of John of the Cross,
pp. 106-113.
[433] “Spanish Mystics.” P. 7, note.
[434] “Life of St. Philip Neri, Apostle of Rome, and Founder of
the Congregation of the Oratory.” 2 vols., London, 1847.
[435] Coleridge, “Life of Ignatius Loyola.” London, 1872.
Ranke, “History of the Popes.” Vol. i.
[436] Rose, “Ignatius Loyola, and the Early Jesuits.” London, 1870.
Nicolini, “History of the Jesuits.” Edin., 1853.
Sir James Stephens on “The Founders of Jesuitism.” In his
“Essays on Ecclesiastical Biography.” Vol. i., p. 249.
[437] Cartwright, “The Jesuits, their Constitution and Teaching.”
London, 1876.
[438] Griesinger, “The Jesuits: from the Foundation of the Order
to the Present Time.” London, 1885.
Pascal, “Provincial Letters.” Translated by Dr. M’Crie,
Edin., 1851.
“The Jesuits’ Morals, collected out of the Jesuit’s own
Books.” London, 1670.
[439] Gibbings, “An Exact Reprint of the Roman Index
Expurgatorius.” The only Vatican Index of this kind ever
published. Dublin, 1837.
[440] Butler, “Life of Cardinal Borromeo.” London, 1835.
Martin, “Life of Borromeo.” London, 1847.
[441] Venn, “Missionary Life and Labours of Xavier.” Lond., 1863.
[442] Legge, “Christianity in China: Nestorianism, Roman
Catholicism, Protestantism; with the Chinese and
Syriac Texts of the Nestorian Monument of Hsi-an-Fû.”
London, 1888.
[443] Adams, “History of Japan from the Earliest Period.”
2 vols., London, 1874.
On the religion of Japan before the introduction of
Christianity, see Ebrard, “Apologetics.” Vol. iii.,
pp. 66-73, Edin., 1887.
[444] Helps, “Life of Barth. de las Casas.” 2nd ed., Lond., 1868.
Prescott, “History of Conquest of Mexico.” London, 1886,
pp. 178-184.