From Carleill ouer the Ferie against Redkirke 4.miles
From thence to Dunfrées 20.miles
From Dunfrées to the Ferie of Cre 40.miles
From thence to Wigton 3.miles
From thence to Whitherne 12.miles
Hitherto of the common waies of England and Scotland, wherevnto I will
adioine the old thorowfaires ascribed to Antoninus, to the end that by
their conference the diligent reader may haue further consideration of
the same than my leisure will permit me. In setting foorth also
thereof, I haue noted such diuersitie of reading, as hath happened in
the sight of such written and printed copies, as I haue séene in my
time. Notwithstanding I must confesse the same to be much corrupted in
the rehearsall of the miles.
ITER BRITANNIARUM.
_A GESSORIACO._
De Gallis Ritupis in portu Britanniarum stadia numero. CCCCL.
_A Limite, id est, a vallo Prætorio vsque M. P. CLVI. sic_:
[Sidenote: Britannia.]
A Bramenio Corstopitum, m. p. XX
Vindomora m. p. IX
Viconia * m. p. XIX _Vinouia Vinouium_
Cataractoni m. p. XXII =Darington.=
Isurium m. p. XXIIII =Aldborow= _aliàs_ =Topcliffe=.
Eburacum legio VI Victrix m. p. XVII =Yorke=.
Deruentione m. p. VII =Tadcaster.=
Delgouitia m. p. XIII =Wentbridge.=
Prætorio m. p. XXV =Tudford.=
_Item a Vallo ad portum Ritupis m. p._ 481, 491, _sic_,
Ablato Bulgio * castra exploratorum m. p. X, 15 _aliàs à_ Blato
Lugu-vallo * m. p. XII aliàs à Lugu-valio. =Cairleill.=
Voreda m. p. XIIII
Brouonacis * m. p. XIII _Brauoniacis_
Verteris m. p. XX, 13
Lauatris m. p. XIIII
Cataractone * m. p. XXI _Caturractonium._ =Darington.=
Isuriam * m. p. XXIIII _Isoriam._ =Aldborow= _aliàs_ =Topcliffe=.
Eburacum * m. p. XVIII _Eboracum._ =Yorke.=
Calcaria * m. p. IX _Cacaria._
Camboduno m. p. XX
Mammuncio * m. p. XVIII _Manucio_
Condate m. p. XVIII
Deua legio XXIII.CI. m. p. XX
Bouio * m. p. X _Bonió_
Mediolano m. p. XX
Rutunio m. p. XII
Vrio Conio * m. p. XI _Viroconium._ =Shrewesburie= _propè_.
Vxacona m. p. XI
Penno-Crucio m. p. XII
Etoceto m. p. XII
Mandues Sedo m. p. XVI
Venonis m. p. XII
Bennauenta * m. p. XVII _Bannaventa_
Lactorodo * m. p. XII _Lactodoro_
Maginto * m. p. XVII. 12 _Magiouintum_
Duro-Cobriuis m. p. XII =Dunstable.=
Vero-Lamio m. p. XII =S. Albanes.=
Sullomacis * m. p. IX =Barnet.=
Longidinio m. p. XII. _Londinio._ =London.=
Nouiomago m. p. XII
Vagniacis m. p. VI
Durobrouis m. p. V _Duroprouis._ =Rochester.=
Duroleuo m. p. XVI. 8
Duror-Verno * m. p. XII _Drouerno Durouerno_
Ad portum Ritupis m. p. XII _Duraruenno Daruerno_
_Item a Londinio ad portum Dubris m. p._ 56, 66, _sic:_
Dubobrus * m. p. XXVII _Durobrouis Durobrius._ =Rochester.=
Duraruenno m. p. XV, 25 =Canturburie.=
Ad portum Dubris m. p. XIIII =Douer hauen.=
_Item a Londinio ad portum Lemanis m. p._ 68 _sic:_
Durobrius m. p. XXVII =Rochester.=
Duraruenno m. p. XV, 25 =Canturburie.=
Ad portum * Lemanis m. p. XVI =Limming hauen.=
_Item a Londinio Lugu-Valio ad Vallum m. p._ 443, _sic:_
Cæsaromago m. p. XXVIII
Colonia m. p. XXIIII
Villa Faustini m. p. XXXV, 25
Icianos m. p. XVIII
Camborico m. p. XXXV
Duroliponte m. p. XXV
Durobriuas m. p. XXXV
Gausennis m. p. XXX
Lindo m. p. XXVI
Segeloci m. p. XIIII
Dano m. p. XXI
Lege-Olio * m. p. XVI _Logetium_
Eburaco m. p. XXI
Isubrigantum * m. p. XVI _Isurium Brigantum_
Cataractoni m. p. XXIIII
Leuatris * m. p. XVIII _Leuatrix_
Verteris m. p. XIIII
Brocouo * m. p. XX _Brocouicum_
Lugu-Vallo m. p. XXV, 22
_Item a Londinio Lindo m. p._ 156 _sic:_
Verolami m. p. XXI
Duro Cobrius m. p. XII
Magiouinio * m. p. XII {_Maginto_
Lactodoro m. p. XVI {_Magis_
Isanna Vantia * m. p. XII {_Isanna vatia_
Tripontio m. p. XII {_Isanna varia_
Venonis m. p. IX
Ratas m. p. XII
Verometo m. p. XIII
Margi-duno m. p. XII
Ad Pontem * m. p. VII _Pons Aelij_
Croco Calana * m. p. VII _Crorolana_
Lindo m. p. XII
_Item a Regno Londinio m. p._ 116, 96 _sic:_
Clausentum m. p. XX
Venta Belgarum m. p. X
Gelleua * Atrebatum m. p. XXII {_Gelleua_, =Walingford=.
Pontibus m. p. XXII =Reding=. {_Calliua_,
Londinio m. p. XXII
_Item ab Ebvraco Londinium m. p._ 227 _sic:_
Lagecio m. p. XXI
Dano m. p. XVI =Dancaster.=
Ageloco * m. p. XXI _Segoloco_
Lindo m. p. XIIII
Crococalano m. p. XIIII
Margi-duno m. p. XIIII
Vernemeto * m. p. XII _Verometo_
Ratis m. p. XII
Vennonis m. p. XII
Bannauanto m. p. XIX
Magio Vinio m. p. XXVIII
Durocobrius m. p. XII =Dunstable.=
Verolamo m. p. XII =S. Albanes.=
Sullomaca m. p. IX =Barnet.=
Londinio m. p. XII =London.=
_Item a Venta Icinorvm Londinio m. p._ 128 _sic:_
Sitomago m. p. XXXI
Combrerouio * m. p. XXII _Cumbretonio_
Ad Ansam m. p. XV
Camoloduno m. p. VI
Canonio m. p. IX
Cæsaromago m. p. XII
Durolito m. p. XVI
Londinio m. p. XV
_Item a Glamoventa Mediolano m. p._ 150 _sic:_
Galaua m. p. XVIII
Alone * m. p. XII _Alauna * Aliona Alione_
Galacum * m. p. XIX _Galacum Brigantum_
Bremetonaci m. p. XXVII
Coccio m. p. XX
Mancunio * m. p. XVIII _Mammucio vel Manucio_
Condate m. p. XVIII
Mediolano m. p. XIX
_Item a Segoncio Deuam m. p._ 74 _sic:_
Canouio m. p. XXIIII
Varis m. p. XIX
Deua m. p. XXXII
_Item a Calleva aliàs Mvridono aliàs Viroconiorum. Per Viroconium._
Vindonu * m. p. XV _Vindomi_
Venta Belgarum m. p. XXI
Brige * m. p. XI _Brage_
Soruioduni m. p. IX
Vindogladia m. p. XIII, 15
Durnouaria m. p. VIII
Muriduno m. p. XXXVI
Scadum Nunniorum * m. p. XV, 12 _Iscadum_
Leucaro m. p. XV
Bomio m. p. XV
Nido m. p. XV
Iscelegua Augusti * m. p. XIIII _Iscelegia_
Burrio m. p. IX
Gobannio m. p. XII
Magnis m. p. XXII
Brauinio * m. p. XXIIII _Brouenio_
Viriconio m. p. XXVII
_Item ab Isca Calleua m. p._ 109 _sic:_
Burrio m. p. IX
Blestio m. p. XI
Ariconio m. p. XI
Cleuo m. p. XV
Durocornouio m. p. XIIII
Spinis m. p. XV
Calleua m. p. XV
_Item alio Itinere ab Isca Calleua m. p._ 103 _sic:_
Venta Silurum m. p. IX
Abone m. p. IX
Traiectus m. p. IX
Aquis Solis m. p. VI
Verlucione m. p. XV
Cunetione m. p. XX
Spinis m. p. XV
Calleua m. p. XV
_Item a Calleua Iscadvm Nunniorum m. p._ 136 _sic:_
Vindomi m. p. XV
Venta Belgarum m. p. XXI
Brige m. p. XI
Sorbiodoni m. p. VIII
Vindocladia m. p. XII
Durnonouaria m. p. VIII _Durnonaria_
Moriduno m. p. XXXVI
Iscadum Nunniorum m. p. XV
FINIS.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Note
_ _ denotes italic text;
= = denotes Old English script, which is also bold.
[=a] (etc.) denotes a macron (straight line over a vowel), which
sometimes indicates that 'n' has been omitted from the word.
(Abbreviation in Mediæval manuscripts).
Elizabethan words and spellings have been retained (e.g. 'height' and
'heigth' are both used, sometimes in the same sentence; 'hight' =
'known as, called, etc.').
Only obvious printer's errors have been corrected, as when a letter
seems to have been inverted ('n' for 'u'). The letters 'u' and 'v' are
mostly interchanged; as, e.g., "in haruest time" and "vnder a bridge".
If a word or name did not fit the context, it was researched, and
corrections made, if necessary.
There are a few printer's errors in this edition, which have been
checked using the online 1587 edition (which itself is not without
printing errors) as reference.
(http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/PrintedBooksnew/
index.cfm?TextID=holinshed_chronicle).
Also used were the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and online Middle
English and Anglo-Saxon Dictionaries, as well as online Wikipedia.
Some, but by no means all, of 'ee' has the first 'e' marked with an
acute accent. This is not consistent. Where the 'é' is obviously
missing from the scan, it has not been added to the text. This
inconsistency in spelling and accents is an integral part of some very
old books.
There are some instances of round brackets which have been opened and
not closed, or nested, with only one pair closed (or closed, without
having been opened). These have been retained as such.
Some placenames may have changed with the passage of time.
Some damaged or missing punctuation has been restored, but the
punctuation in the lists at the end of Description III is as it
appeared in the scans, and in the online edition.
Page numbers have been added to the 'Description' Tables of Contents,
for the convenience of the reader; and Tables of Contents have been
added to the beginning of this Volume, and to each Book of the
Histories.
There are a few instances of repeated word 'too'. These have been
retained, being probably the author's personal style:
'is too too plaine' 'being too too much' 'haue too too manie'. 'too
too lewd'
Page 43: "practise and put in vre within your realme and kingdome."
'vre', or 'ure', is an antique word, which survives in the modern word
'inure'.
(Ure) n. [OE. ure, OF. oevre, ovre, ouvre, work, F. [oe]uvre, L.
opera. cf. Inure .] Use; practice; exercise. [Obs.] (Ure), v. t. To
use; to exercise; to inure; to accustom by practice. [Obs.] (Webster's
online dictionary, 1913 edition).
Page 67: 'barnacle'; 'barnacls'; 'barnacles' ... there were no spelling
conventions in Holinshed's time. 'barnacls' matches 1587 ed.
Page 252: 'hanting' could mean 'haunting', or 'frequenting'.
"... they ruffle and roist it out, excéeding in apparell, and hanting
riotous companie (which draweth them from their bookes vnto an other
trade.)"
Page 255: 'Philip' is an abbreviation for Queen Philippa (of
Hainault).
Page 347:
[Sidenote: Gipping, of going vp to anie place.]
Chipping Walden, of the Saxon word gipping (or ghipping) uses the
insular 'g', variant of (lowercase) yogh.
(http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_G)
Page 358: 'cuphar'.
"Of all the elms that euer I saw, those in the south side of Douer
court, in Essex néere Harwich are the most notable, for they grow (I
meane) in crooked maner, that they are almost apt for nothing else but
nauie timber, great ordinance, and béetels: and such thereto is their
naturall qualitie, that being vsed in the said behalfe, they continue
longer, and more long than anie the like trées in whatsoeuer parcell
else of this land, without cuphar, shaking, or cleauing, as I find."
Possibly from 'ceorfan' to cut, cut down. (coppice?)
Page 386: 'Bratius' is probably 'Gratius'.
"Bratius De venatione, 1/386 - probably Faliscus Gratius, De
venatione, 1534."
(http://www.cems.ox.ac.uk/holinshed/
Catalogue%20of%20additional%20sources....-1.pdf)
Errata
Page 1: 'used' corrected to 'vsed', and 'upon' to vpon', for
consistency, and as in 1587 edition.
"9 Of the ancient religion vsed in Albion." "10 Of such Ilands as are
to be seene vpon the coasts of Britaine."
Page 14: 'hane' corrected to 'haue', as in 1587 edition.
"Besides these aforesaid nations, which haue crept (as you haue heard)
into our Iland,"
Page 26: 'Dehenbarth' corrected to 'Deheubarth'.
"In the begining it was diuided into two kingdoms onelie, that is to
saie, Venedotia or Gwynhedh (otherwise called Deheubarth)...."
Page 42: 'who lieconsented' corrected to 'wholie consented', as in
1587 edition.
"and foorthwith wholie consented to make a diuision of this land...."
Page 84: missing word "far" inserted, as in 1587 edition
"... Helledon parish, not far from Danberie,..."
Page 102: 'Ater' corrected to 'After', as in 1587 edition.
"After this confluence it goeth on toward the south, till it méet with
a pretie brooke rising northeast of Whettell...."
Page 102: 'Done stroke' is probably a misprint for 'Dones broke' or
'Danes broke' (brook), which actually exists in the place mentioned.
Sidenote: "Done aliàs Dones broke."
Page 128: 'Monemouch' corrected to 'Monemouth' as in 'Monemouth' in
previous sentence, and in 1587 edition.
"The Romenie ... is a goodlie water, and from the head a march betwéen
Monemouth and Glamorgan shires."
Page 128: 'pound.' corrected to 'pounds.' as in 1587 edition.
Sidenote: "This Ile went fiftie yeares agone for x. pounds."
Page 130: 'Wormeslead' corrected to 'Wormeshead'.
"Then casting about by Oxwich point, we go onward there by, and
sailing flat north by the Holme (hauing passed the Wormeshead and S.
Kennets chappell) and then ... northeast by Whitford point,..."
Page 135: 'Marierdiue' corrected to 'Marierdine', as above, and as in
1587 edition. 'Monardiue' is as in 1587 edition. (It is now called
'Manordeifi', or 'Maenordeifi', and is a small village in north
Pembrokeshire http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manordeifi).
"... goeth by Marierdine, and so to Cardigon, taking in one rill from
by north descending by Penneralt, by north of Monardiue or
Marierdine,..."
Page 135: 'Oswid' corrected to 'Oscoid' as in 1587 edition.
"... Lantwood north west of Oscoid Mortemer,..."
Page 187: 'féeed' has been retained: 'fée-ed'?
"... & that euerie one which by féeed friendship (or otherwise) dooth
attempt to procure oughts from the prince, that may profit but few and
proue hurtfull to manie,..."
Page 202: 'Pits' corrected to 'Picts', as in 1587 edition.
"... and in all these wars against them, he had the seruice and
obeisance of Scots and Picts."
Page 222: 'uame' corrected to 'name'
"They beare also the name of their high chapleins continuallie,..."
Page 223: (printer's error: long 's' confused with 't'): 'to'
corrected to 'so', as in 1587 online edition.
"... escaped to his ships, and so returned into Normandie."
Page 243: 'iarror' is unknown. Perhaps misprint for 'terrier2', Land
Register, which fits the context.
From OED: terrier2, noun. Book recording site, boundaries, etc., of
land of private persons or corporations; (hist.) collection of
acknowledgements of vassals or tenants of a lordship.
"I haue seene and had an ancient terrier of the lands of this
monasterie,..."
Page 244: 'Lindeffarne' corrected to 'Lindesfarne'.
(Printer's confusion of 'f' with long 's'. Correct in 'Description
1').
Page 254: 'hain' (a Middle English word meaning a park or enclosure),
corrected to 'haue' which fits the context.
"... so that there are not manie corporat townes now vnder the quéenes
dominion, that haue not one Gramar schoole at the least, with a
sufficient liuing for a maister and vsher appointed to the same."
Page 256: 'I' corrected to "In"
"In my opinion...."
Page 260: 'fiue wapentaxes'. This may be correct, or an error for
'wapentakes', which also appears.
Page 269: 'Sir Sanchet Dambricourt' corrected to 'Sir Sanchet
D'Abrichecourt'.
Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt (c.1330-c.1360) was a French knight and a
founder Knight of the Garter. His surname was alternatively spelt
D'Abridgecourt, Dabridgcourt, Dabrichecourt or Aubréciourt and derived
from the Hainault town of Auberchicourt. His father, Nicholas
D'Abrichecourt, a nobleman from Hainault, had come to England in 1326
as an escort of Queen Isabella. (Wikipedia)
Page 274: 'ro corrected to 'or', and 'rae' corrected to 'are', as 1587
online edition.
"But these citizens or burgesses are to serue the commonwealth in
their cities and boroughs,..."
Page 282: 'savoureth' corrected to 'sauoureth', to match similar, and
1587 online edition.
"... their talke is now and then such as sauoureth of scurrilitie"
Page 287: 'calla breakefast' corrected to 'call a breakefast', as 1587
online edition.
"... although a little something was allowed in the morning to yoong
children which we now call a breakefast."
Page 291: 'hous econsisting' corrected to 'house consisting', as 1587
online edition.
"... the higher or vpper house consisting of the nobilitie,..."
Page 295: Southampton' corrected to 'Southhampton' to match online ed.
"The borough of Southhampton."
Page 296: 'The borough of Caine' corrected to 'The borough of Calne'.
'The borough of Calne' is in Wiltshire; 'The borough of Caine' does
not exist.
Page 299: Grecklade corrected to 'Cricklade' (alternate spelling
'Crekelade'). 'Cricklade' occurs earlier, in the list of Wilton
(Wiltshire) boroughs.
Page 332: 'alsolued' corrected to 'absolued' to match other instances
on same page, and 1587 edition.
"... till by repentance he deserue to be absolued."
Page 344: 'inhabit' corrected to 'inhibit', as 1587 edition.
"... till a law was made which did inhibit and restraine them."
Page 350: 'CHAP. XIX.' (second instance) corrected to 'CHAP. XX.'
(which was missing)
Page 354: 'Cydims' corrected to 'Cydnus'.
"The Cydnus in Tarsus of Cilicia, is of such vertue,..."
Page 366: 'aeader' corrected to 'reader'.
"... I might make a greater chapter than would be either conuenient or
profitable to the reader:"