MISCELLANEOUS
MALNUTRITION
This condition may result from a lack of the proper amount of food
and from unhygienic conditions. However, it is often found among the
children who should be properly nourished, who have the very best
of care and the most wholesome food. There is no definite standard
by which to determine a case of malnutrition. The extreme cases are
obvious, but a child may be simply underweight and still not be
classed as a case of malnutrition. Up to eleven or twelve years of
age a child is not usually considered properly nourished if he is 10%
below the normal standard of weight for his age and height. If the
food supply is insufficient in quantity or quality, if there are bad
habits of eating, such as bolting the food, insufficient mastication,
and irregular hours of eating, these should all receive proper
attention. If, on the other hand, the supply of food is sufficient in
quantity and quality, if all habits of eating are normal and there is
malnutrition, it is because the food is either not properly digested
or not properly assimilated, or both, and the child should receive
prompt attention at the hands of a competent chiropractor.
Symptoms
The symptoms of malnutrition are very obvious and need no special
mention here. Such children are usually irritable and fretful. They
are of a nervous disposition and very active. They are usually very
bright mentally and often excel in their school work. Children
suffering with malnutrition are very susceptible to different
incoördinations and may be sick a great deal.
Major Adjustment
In these cases, if the child is provided with food having sufficient
nourishment, most excellent results will be obtained from
chiropractic adjustments. A very careful analysis must be made in
order to determine all the facts in the case for the major differs in
different individuals. In some cases the major will be C.P. and K.P.,
in others S.P., K.P. and a lumbar, while in some cases Li.P. and
Sp.P. may be involved.
INANITION
This is the term applied to the condition resulting from the lack
of food assimilation, It affects principally young infants. It is
characterized by a persistent loss of weight with more or less severe
symptoms which may appear rather suddenly.
Symptoms
The infant’s pulse is weak and rapid and the temperature may be
high. There is scanty urine, cold extremities and great muscular
relaxation. The face presents a peculiar bluish gray color. There may
be cyanosis. There is rapid irregular respiration. In the more severe
cases there may be stupor, while in others the child is very restless
and fretful. Pupils are contracted and the fontanel is sunken. The
progress of the incoördination may be rapid and in very young infants
death may occur quite suddenly. Breast feeding is very essential in
these cases.
Major Adjustment
Inanition is really malnutrition in the young infant due to a lack of
assimilation of nutrition. The major adjustment is C.P. or S.P. and
K.P. In some cases Li.P. may be involved, while in others Spl.P. may
enter into the combination.
MARASMUS
This condition is also called infantile atrophy and simple wasting.
It is not very common and is usually found in institutions for
infants. It affects infants who are unusually weak. It is said
to result largely from improper food and feeding and also it is
influenced by the surroundings. In these cases the methods of
feeding and the character of food should be carefully investigated.
If these are found satisfactory it will then be obvious that the
food is not being properly digested. This calls for a careful
analysis and adjusting of the child. In these cases the food can
not be assimilated because it is not properly digested. There is
a progressive and persistent loss in weight. The body temperature
becomes subnormal, the lung expansion imperfect, emaciation very
marked, the skin deeply wrinkled and the face and arms take on a
very old appearance. The eyes appear very large, the temples and
fontanels are sunken, and the abdomen becomes very prominent. The
child is very susceptible to all forms of incoördinations and because
of the extreme weakness may succumb quickly to any acute dis-ease.
In some cases after the emaciation has become very marked there may
be an unusual and sudden gain in weight due to a general edema. This
condition may increase until all the tissues of the body become
extremely water-logged. The large cavities, however, are very seldom
affected. Infants under seven or eight months of age are likely to be
affected by this edema.
Major Adjustment
These cases call for a combination major which consists of S.P. and
K.P. and an Up.L.P. Excellent results will be attained in these
cases if adjustments are given early enough in the stage of the
incoördination. The patient is never too weak to be adjusted.
SCURVY
Scurvy is a condition resulting from faulty nutrition. It is
characterized by a swelling of the joints, sometimes pseudoparalysis
of the lower extremities and a spongy condition of the gums which
have a tendency to bleed. There may be cachexia and anemia. This
condition is supposed to result from a continuous diet lacking in the
vitamin C.
Symptoms
Usually the first symptoms to appear are tenderness of the legs.
This will be observed from the fact that the child cries when his
legs are moved. Eventually this tenderness localizes about the knees
and ankles and it is accompanied with swelling of these parts. The
gums then become swollen and show a marked tendency to bleed. This
swelling may produce pain sufficient to interfere with the child
taking food. The child loses weight, becomes very fretful, and has
a slight fever. There is a characteristic posture in which the hips
are rotated outward, while there is a semi-flexion of the thighs and
legs. The child will usually lie very quietly because any movement
produces pain, especially in the legs. There is marked sub-periosteal
hemorrhages which may be so great that the limbs will become twice
their normal size. In severe cases epiphyseal separation is not
uncommon. Scurvy is very often associated with rickets. However,
it is affirmed that they are two separate conditions and not just
different forms of the same condition.
Major Adjustment
This incoördination requires a combination major which will be found
at C.P. or S.P. and K.P.
RICKETS
Rickets is also called rachitis and known by some as Barlow’s
dis-ease. It is listed as a dis-ease of nutrition, although the most
important anatomical changes which take place are those affecting
the bones. This dis-ease is found among people of all classes. There
is no race that is immune, yet some nationalities seem to suffer
more frequently and severely than others. Negroes and Italians seem
to be especially susceptible when placed in northern climates and
congested quarters in northern cities. In general practice rickets is
considered a rather uncommon incoördination, although in congested
cities it will be found quite prevalent.
Symptoms
The first symptoms to appear are nocturnal restlessness and profuse
sweating about the head during sleep. The restlessness is usually
quite marked; the patient rolls and tosses a great deal, and almost
constantly moves the head back and forth on the pillow. Because of
the profuse sweating the child becomes very susceptible to colds,
bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia. A case of rickets is rather
easily recognized by the large head, the pigeon breast, beaded ribs,
the deformities of the extremities, the swelling of the epiphyses of
the wrists and ankles, and the prominent abdomen.
Deformities of the Head
Deformity of the head appears very early in the dis-ease and is
due to the thickening of the cranial bones, producing the typical
square head of rickets. This square head is known as caput quadratum.
Numerous soft spots are formed in the cranial bones which when
pressed upon give one the impression that he is feeling parchment.
This is known as cranial tabies. The fontanels and sutures are very
late in closing, sometimes as late as the third or fourth year. The
large rachitic head must not be mistaken for hydrocephalus.
Deformities of the Thorax
The chest is deformed in such a way that the transverse diameter
is decreased and the antero-posterior diameter is increased.
This produces the typical pigeon breast. Such deformity is caused
from the softening of the thoracic bones. Beading of the ribs is
characteristic and is known as the rachitic rosary. These nodules are
formed at the junction line of the costal cartilages and the ribs.
While these nodules are always present, they are not always visible.
The rachitic gurgle, which is a transverse depression extending from
one side of the chest to the other and is about two inches broad, is
also present.
Deformities of the Spine
The most characteristic deformity of the spine in rickets is a
kyphosis usually involving the lower dorsal and the entire lumbar
region, although lateral curvatures may appear. In a well defined
case of rickets every bone in the body may be abnormally involved.
The deformity of the spine results from a softening of the bones
which give way under the weight of the trunk.
Deformities of the Extremities
A case of rickets usually presents characteristic curvatures of the
bones. The long bones are, as a rule, involved symmetrically. Green
stick fractures very often occur. In practically all cases of this
dis-ease there is an arrested longitudinal growth in the bones.
Because of this the height will often be very much less than that of
the normal child. There is marked enlargement of the epiphyses at the
wrists and ankles. The slight curvatures in the bones of the arms
will be exaggerated when the child begins to creep and the curvatures
in the legs will be increased when the child begins to stand and walk.
Deformities of the Abdomen
Due to the general motor minus condition of the abdominal muscles
there is developed a condition known as pot belly. This enlargement
is often exaggerated by intestinal indigestion and constipation. This
constipation results from the motor minus condition which interferes
with the vermicular movement of the intestinal tract.
Equation
The function that is primarily involved in rickets is nutrition, but
this results in other functions being implicated. There is expansion
minus especially in the development of the osseous tissue. The
equation is N— with X—.
Major Adjustment
Most excellent results are obtained in rickets. It is very essential
that the adjustments be given at the beginning before the deformities
become marked. In the more chronic cases the incoördination will
be checked by the adjustments and the patient will recover, but it
will be obvious that the marked deformities such as genu varum, genu
valgrum, enlargement of the wrist and deformities of the head can not
be corrected in the chronic cases. The adjustment is At. or Ax., S.P.
and K.P.
NEUROTIC CHILDREN
Neurotic symptoms may appear very early in infancy. They may be
first noticed when the child is startled by sudden sounds or unusual
sights. Ordinarily the infant, only a few weeks of age, will pay
little or no attention to its surroundings. The neurotic infant,
however, may be startled or badly frightened by its environment. Such
infants are found to apparently fix their attention upon objects as
early as the third or fourth week. If its attention is thus centered
upon a person who should make a quick, unexpected move, the child
often becomes terrified. In other cases the symptoms may manifest
themselves in a muscular spasm, such as mild opisthotonos, and other
conditions suggesting cerebral incoördination. In early infancy
vomiting and diarrhea may be brought on by excitement. The vomiting
takes place without nausea and may be excited either by food or
water. This must be carefully distinguished from the spitting up of
milk so characteristic in infancy. This is a perfectly normal process
and seems to be Innate’s method of adaptation when the child has
taken too much milk into the stomach. Vomiting in neurotic infants
may even become so severe that it results in a loss of weight. The
diarrhea occurs with no more apparent cause than the vomiting. If
the stools are not too frequent the food will be well digested but
the diarrhea may become so severe that the food passes through the
intestinal tract undigested. This diarrhea may be very obstinate and
then it results in serious malnutrition. As the child grows older
the characteristic symptoms of infancy become less marked but the
child continues to be extremely nervous, irritable and cross. This
nervousness may be exaggerated by the surroundings. Such children
usually have poor appetite and suffer from constipation. They are
almost always poorly nourished and anemic. The pulse is usually more
or less rapid and is generally affected by excitement. Such children
are quite restless during sleep.
Neurotic children are often precocious but lack in concentration due
to their restlessness. Headache is a very common symptom. There is a
marked tendency toward habit, spasm and chorea.
Family
These conditions are classified in the spasms family.
Equation
The equation is not so well defined since the condition of
nervousness is adaptative. Therefore the equation for the nervousness
is I.A. If other symptoms appear the equation would depend upon the
function involved.
Major Adjustment
It is maintained by most authorities that this nervousness is
inherited, but it has been demonstrated clinically by Chiropractic
that results are readily obtained by chiropractic adjustments. It is
reasonable to assume that there are environmental conditions which
might produce nervousness even in the small infant, but it is also
recognized that if the child is normal he soon becomes accustomed to
the peculiarities of the environment and pays little or no attention
to them. Subluxations in the cervical region, usually atlas or
axis, are found in these children. These subluxations may produce
sufficient cord pressure to cause such symptoms as usually manifest
themselves in malnutrition as so-called nervous indigestion and
other symptoms which would indicate constitutional disorders. A very
careful analysis reveals that the nervousness in some of these cases
is adaptative to some other incoördination. If the nervousness is
direct the major adjustment will be Up.C. with a possible combination
of C.P. and K.P. If the nervousness is adaptative, then a very
careful analysis must be made to determine the incoördination to
which it is adaptative. The major then will be determined by the
location and the family involved.
CONVULSIONS
A convulsion is a violent involuntary contraction of muscles which
ordinarily contract only under direction of the will. It may be
either clonic or tonic. A clonic convulsion consists of a spasm of
the muscles with alternating contractions and relaxations while the
tonic spasm consists in constant rigidity of the muscles involved.
The contractions may be confined to certain muscles or sets of
muscles as, for example, the muscles of the face, the trunk or
the extremities. In some cases the muscles of the entire body are
involved.
During the first eighteen months of life the child is more
susceptible to convulsions than at a later age, although the
condition is rather common during childhood. Convulsions accompany
many incoördinations and are considered adaptative to some other
condition. Therefore the first thing to consider in a case of this
kind is the primary condition or the incoördination to which the
convulsion is adaptative.
The more common conditions with which convulsions are associated are:
Incoördinations involving the nervous system, such as cerebra-spinal
conditions; rachitis; and organic and functional disorders. Any
condition which produces an irritation of the nervous system may
result in a convulsion of more or less violence. For this reason
children are often subject to convulsions during dentition and
disorders resulting in slight temperature. Cerebral tumors, abscesses
of the brain, hydrocephalus and meningitis are examples of cerebral
conditions in which convulsions are commonly found.
Subluxations in the upper cervical region are often produced at the
time of birth which cause cord pressure, making the child susceptible
to all conditions that would irritate the nervous system.
There may be K.P. subluxations interfering with the process of
elimination resulting in an accumulation of poison within the body,
or there may be other subluxations resulting in the production of
toxines within the body and these will produce an irritation of the
nervous system resulting in convulsions. Disturbances in digestion,
affections of the respiratory tract, a sudden rise of temperature
and incoördinations involving the gastro-intestinal tract are often
responsible for convulsions. Convulsions are quite frequent at the
onset of acute dis-eases such as whooping-cough, measles and mumps.
They are often associated with enlargement of the thymus gland.
During the convulsion there may be loss of consciousness with tonic
and clonic spasms in various degrees of severity. The urine may
be voided and the bowels evacuated. In the very young infant a
single attack may prove fatal, although this is rather unusual. When
death occurs in this way it is most often due to asphyxia, or when
the convulsions recur in rapid succession death will result from
exhaustion.
The clinical picture is quite typical. Usually there is pallor of
the face which may be followed quickly with a twitching of the
facial muscles, and sometimes those of the hands and feet. In most
cases the attack comes on without warning; the eyes become fixed and
rolled backward; the twitching usually begins in the face and very
soon the entire body is involved. The face is distorted by muscular
contractions, the head is drawn backward and the neck is thrown
forward; there may be frothing at the mouth. The pulse is irregular
and weak, the respiration is shallow and feeble while there is cold
perspiration of the forehead and it may also be on the body. The
thumbs are turned into the palms and the hands are tightly closed.
There is rhythmical convulsive movements consisting of alternating
flexion and extension.
The attack usually lasts from a few minutes to half an hour and
sometimes longer. The patient is left in a more or less state of
exhaustion and the attack may be followed by stupor and coma. Very
often convulsions in children over two years of age indicate the
onset of some acute condition such as pneumonia or scarlet fever.
However, convulsions may mean very little with small children that
are extremely nervous. During the first few days of life they may be
the result of temporary circulatory disturbances in the brain from
prolonged pressure in difficult labor.
Family
All cases of convulsions are in the spasms family no matter
with what other conditions they are associated. If there are
other complications, and there usually are, the family for the
complications will depend upon the functions involved.
Major Adjustment
When a chiropractor is called to see a child that is having
convulsions he should make a very careful inquiry into the history
of the case and try to find the associated incoördination. This is
done for the purpose of determining the combination to be used. The
major for location will be atlas or axis, while the combination will
depend upon the associated condition. This may be K.P. or it may be
S.P. or any other combination which would include the subluxation for
condition.
Excellent results are obtained in cases of convulsions. The
adjustment should be given as soon as possible. In many cases an
adjustment of the atlas or axis will bring the child to consciousness
and prevent a recurrence of the attack. The convulsion may be caused
by an atlas subluxation with no accompanying condition. This is known
as a direct convulsion and will respond very quickly to an adjustment.
NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
As early as the tenth or twelfth month of age the child may be
trained to make known his desire to empty the bladder. However, with
some children this may not be accomplished until two and a half years
of age. If by the third year of age the child is unable to retain the
urine for a normal length of time, it is evidence of some abnormality
and should receive Chiropractic attention. The child is afflicted
with what is known as enuresis, which may take place during the day
or night, or both. If it occurs during the day, it is called diurnal;
while if it takes place during the night, it is known as nocturnal.
It is more likely to take place during the night, since it may be
possible for the child to control the bladder during waking hours.
We are most concerned with the nocturnal enuresis, because this form
causes the child more discomfort and it is more difficult to control
than the diurnal.
We recognize nocturnal enuresis as an adaptative condition. That
is, the emptying of the bladder is a perfectly natural process and
will always take place under certain conditions. For example, if the
sphincter muscle relaxes, the urine will be voided. In this event, we
are not concerned in the voiding of the urine, but in the cause for
the relaxation of muscle which prevented the bladder from retaining
the urine. There are a number of conditions to which nocturnal
enuresis is adaptative. The following are the most common:
Incoördinations involving the nervous system.
Highly acid urine.
Excessive quantity of urine.
Abnormalities and incoördinations of the bladder.
Irritation of the genital organs.
Incoördinations of the Nervous System
The incoördinations of the nervous system in which there may be
nocturnal enuresis are those commonly found in extremely neurotic
children, and children who are under-nourished and anemic. Chorea,
neurasthenia and hysteria are examples of conditions in which
nocturnal enuresis is very common. Nervous children are easily
disturbed during sleep and are prone to dream, at such times the
innate interpretation of the vibrations produced by the urine in
the bladder reaches the educated mind and there is not sufficient
reasoning of the conscious mind to enable the child to realize where
he is or to prevent the following of the natural desire to urinate.
The inability of the child to control the bladder during acute
illness must not be mistaken for habitual nocturnal enuresis; for
this will be only temporary, and will disappear when the child
recovers from the acute attack.
Highly Acid Urine
In some cases, the urine being highly acid, produces vibrations
in the bladder which results in Innate Intelligence causing the
sphincter muscle to relax, which results in the voiding of the urine.
This is an adaptative action on the part of Innate to prevent the
acidity of the urine from setting up an irritation in the bladder.
If the urine remained in the bladder it would damage the tissues
and call for an expenditure of energy for reparation; this is
all prevented by getting the urine out of the bladder as soon as
possible. The hyperacidity of the urine is the result of the lack
of the expression of mental impulses in the body and should receive
immediate attention, that the cause of the incoördination may be
removed. When this is accomplished the nocturnal enuresis will cease.
Excessive Quantity of Urine
In some incoördinations there is abnormal thirst which results in
the child drinking more water than is required for the normal bodily
processes. The natural channel through which this excessive amount of
water is excreted is through the kidneys. This results in the bladder
being filled often, which necessitates the frequent passing of urine.
The child might be able to control the bladder during waking hours
and make his wants known; but in sleep, as the bladder becomes full,
Innate would relax the sphincter muscle, which would allow the urine
to escape in order to relieve the pressure. To overcome the nocturnal
enuresis in a case of this kind, it is necessary to adjust for the
cause of the excessive thirst; and when this is corrected, the bed
wetting will cease.
Incoördinations of the Bladder
Abnormal conditions of the bladder will cause difficulty in retaining
the urine for a normal length of time. An inflammation of the bladder
is greatly exaggerated by the presence of urine, therefore an
irritation would be set up which would result in a desire to empty
the bladder. This would invariably result in nocturnal enuresis. An
interference with the transmission of motor mental impulses to the
sphincter muscle would be another cause for bed wetting. In this
case, it would be impossible to retain the urine after a certain
amount had passed into the bladder. This would result in enuresis,
since there would be nothing to prevent the urine from passing freely
from the bladder.
Irritation of the Genital Organs
In some cases there is an irritation of the genital organs resulting
in the production of vibrations which, when the child is asleep,
results in enuresis. This irritation may be produced by an adherent
prepuce. Balanitis and phimosis are also quite common conditions.
There may be an irritation of the rectum produced by pin-worms.
Vaginal irritation may be the result of vulvovaginitis, or due to
adherent clitoris.
Correction of the Condition
It is asserted by some that nocturnal enuresis in many cases is
due largely to habit. We see no more reason for considering this
condition a habit than for considering any other abnormal condition
a habit. It is the result of interference with the transmission of
mental impulses, and it is the duty of the chiropractor to find the
condition to which nocturnal enuresis is adaptative and correct the
cause of that condition.
Some parents have the idea that bed wetting is a habit, and the child
should be punished in an effort to break him of the habit. This,
however, is the wrong attitude and no good will be accomplished in
this manner. Punishment will only tend to make the child nervous and
the condition worse.
This condition yields so easily to Chiropractic adjustments that
there is no reason for allowing a child to continue without relief
from this most annoying condition. We have never seen a case that did
not respond to adjustments after the proper analysis was obtained.
In analyzing a care of nocturnal enuresis it must not be taken for
granted that the major is K.P., or even a lumbar. For this may not be
true. A most thorough analysis should be made to determine the exact
condition of the child. If the nervous system is involved, there will
likely be found an atlas or axis subluxation. We have seen many cases
that had been adjusted persistently at K.P. and a lumbar, but with no
results, while an adjustment of the axis would get almost immediate
results. This does not mean that every stubborn case will respond to
an axis adjustment.
Scanty and highly colored urine, which has a tendency to scale and
irritate the skin, usually indicates highly acid urine. In this
case a careful analysis must be made to determine the cause of the
acidity. The palpation will reveal a subluxation and most likely a
hot box at C.P. and K.P. In many cases the child will be anemic, and
in a general rundown condition; in this case the combination will be
S.P. and K.P.; the combination may also include a lumbar.
In the cases involving the bladder, the major will be a lumbar
vertebra. The combination will be determined by the local condition,
which may necessitate the use of K.P. When there is an irritation of
the genital organs or adjacent structures, the major will include
a lower lumbar vertebra and may or may not require a K.P., the
combination depending upon the character of the local condition.
From the foregoing it will be observed that the major for nocturnal
enuresis varies, depending upon the condition to which it is
adaptative. The major may include At., Ax., C.P., K.P., lumbar, or
any combination of these or other subluxations. When the impingements
are found, and the causative subluxations adjusted, complete results
will be obtained—in every case.
OPHTHALMIA
This is an incoördination characterized by inflammation of the
conjunctiva. It is also called purulent conjunctivitis. Medically
these cases are supposed to be produced by gonorrhea, although in
many of the milder forms the gonococcus is not present. This is
evidence that the cause is not the gonococcus but that the germs,
when present, are there because of the pathological condition of the
tissues.
Symptoms
The eyelids are swollen, there is a copious, purulent discharge, and
there may be ulceration of the eyelids.
Major Adjustment
The major for this condition is a combination major which includes
a middle or upper cervical for the location and kidney place for
elimination.
TETANUS IN INFANTS
This is a condition which is occasionally found in young infants
and is the result of an infection usually of the umbilical wound.
It is most prevalent where conditions are unsanitary. Tetanus is
characterized by a tonic spasm of the muscles. It may affect all the
muscles of the body or it may be limited to the muscles of the jaw,
producing what is known as trismus or lockjaw.
Symptoms
The first symptom to appear may be the spasm in the masseter muscle
which interferes with nursing the child. The muscle of the face and
jaws appear firm and hot and the lips slightly protrude. Intervals
will occur when the muscles will be completely relaxed. At first
these paroxysms appear at intervals, between which the relaxation is
complete; but later they become more frequent and the relaxations
less marked until there is more or less of a continuous rigidity.
This contraction grows more exaggerated until the entire body becomes
rigid. The jaws become set and may be separated only slightly, if at
all. There is a peculiar characteristic facial expression due to the
contraction of the facial muscles. Swallowing becomes very difficult.
There is a weak, rapid pulse. In the mild cases there is only a
slight temperature, but in the more severe cases the temperature
may become extremely high. The cry becomes weak and whining. The
incoördination is of short duration. The child soon dies from
exhaustion or from suffocation due to the rigidity of the respiratory
muscles or it may be due to a spasm of the larynx. While tetanus
is not a very common incoördination, the mortality is very high.
Authorities place the fatality as high as 90% and even 95%.
Equation and Family
The equation is excretion minus (E-). The family is poison and
contractures.
Major Adjustment
If these cases are adjusted at an early stage excellent results will
be obtained. There is a combination major at At.P., C.P., and K.P.
PEMPHIGUS NEONATORUM
This is a rather unusual condition seldom found in general practice.
It usually occurs as epidemics in institutions where large numbers
of children are cared for. Outside of such institutions it is more
common among children in unhygienic surroundings. It is characterized
by an eruption of blebs containing a serous fluid.
Symptoms
These blebs appear about the third or fourth day and may be found
upon any part of the body, but usually upon the exposed parts.
They remain for a time and then rupture or dry up. There is no
suppuration. As the blebs enlarge they sometimes coalesce, covering
quite a large area. The epidermis is loosened by a serous exudate
which occurs directly beneath it and separates it from the true skin.
The case produces a very striking picture having the appearance of
being extensively burned. After the blebs have ruptured the epidermis
hangs in shreds, leaving a very bright red surface beneath. In
this way there may be large areas of the body almost completely
denuded of the epidermis. There may be a very slight temperature and
slight restlessness. There is great depression and marked weakness.
The symptoms at first appear rather slowly, later the dis-ease
progresses very rapidly, death often occurring in from twenty-four
to forty-eight hours. Pemphigus neonatorum should be distinguished
from congenital syphilis. The liver and spleen are usually very
greatly enlarged in syphilitic cases and there are usually other
characteristic symptoms present, such as changes in the nails, mucous
membrane and other parts.
Equation and Family
The general equation is excretion minus (E-). The condition is in the
poison and fever families.
Major Adjustment
The major adjustment is C.P. and K.P.
INDEX
A
PAGE
Abdomen, circumference of, 294
Enlargement of, 295
Normal, 295
Abscesses of brain, 382
Absolute humidity, 56
Absorption, 17
Absorption of gases, 52
Acid, carbolic, 213
Action, adaptative, 22, 187
Active occupations, 196
Acute catarrhal bronchitis, 340
Equation, 342
Family, 342
Major adjustment, 342
Symptoms, 341
Acute catarrhal laryngitis, 334
Major adjustment, 336
Acute dis-ease, 171
Acute intestinal indigestion, 359
Major adjustment, 360
Acute nasal catarrh, 327
Equation, 328
Family, 328
Major adjustment, 328
Symptoms, 327
Adaptation, 48, 50, 52, 54, 96, 188
Adaptation to environment, 20
Adaptive action, 22, 187
Adaptability of body, 186
Adenoid growths, 330, 349
Adjusting infants, 321
Adjustments during dentition, 303
Adulteration of food, 248
Aerated water, 110
Aerating, 129
Aerial envelope, 68
Aim and function of hygiene and sanitation, 15
Air, 44
Alveolar, 45
Cells, 48
Cold damp, 60
Cold dry, 57
Complemental, 65
Constituents of, 44
Emboli, 53
Foul, 68
Fresh, 66
Humidity of, 55
Impurities in, 67
Increased pressure, 51
Normal pressure, 50
Oxygenated, 51
Pressure at sea level, 54
Pressure increased, 51
Pressure, normal, 50
Pressure, reduced, 50
Rarefied, 51
Residual, 45, 66
Sources of impurities in, 67
Space, 34
Space per capita, 70
Supplemental, 65
Temperature of, 55
Tidal, 65
Warm dry, 61
Warm moist, 59
Airing a room, 70
Albuminoids, 267
Algæ, 127
Alveolar air, 45
Ammonia, 44, 49
Analyzing infants, 307
History of case, 307
Objective symptoms, 307
Zones involved, 312
Anemia, 376
Animals as source of communication, 22
Animal foods, 237
Animal life, 45
Anorexia, 341, 360
Anterior fontanels, 293
Anthrax, 207, 212
Antibiosis, 175
Antibodies, 176
Antigens, 176
Antineurotic vitamin, 241
Antiseptic, 207
Apathy, 341
Aphonia, 334
Acute catarrhal laryngitis, 334
Appetite, 232
Argon, 44, 46
Arsenic poisoning, 167
Arteriosclerosis in lead poisoning, 166
Artificial foundation beds, 33
Artificial lighting, 99, 162
Artificial methods of water purification, 128
Artificial reservoir, 116
Artificially high temperatures, 163
Artificially fed babies, 286
Asbestos, 34
Asepsis, 208
Aspect, importance of, 29
Assimilation, food, 374
Asthma, 348
Equation, 349
Family, 349
Major adjustment, 349
Symptoms, 348
Atmosphere, 44
Atmospheric pressure, 50
Atrophy, infantile, 375
Autolytic enzymes, 267
Average weight of boys, 287
Aquasphere, 44
Aqueducts, 106
Aqueous humor, 96
B
Baby, the, 277
Bottle-fed, 353
Breast-fed, 353
Food, 277
Bacilli, 173, 196
Bacteria, 196
Balanced rations, 236
Barlow’s dis-ease, 376
Barns and Barnyards, 259
Basement, 32, 33
Basement of school building, 141
Bassinet, 283
Bath tub, 37
Beaded ribs, 377
Bed, 222
Bed pan, 223
Bedrooms, 30
Bed wetting, 386
Bedding, 222
Beginners, age of, 148
Bends, 53
Beriberi, 241
Blackboards, 145
Bladder, 384
Bladder, control of, 284
Bladder worms, 270
Blast furnace workers, 163
Blebs, 390
Body heat, 81
Bodily temperature, 58
Boiling, 211
Boracic acid, 261
Borax, 261
Botulism, 246, 248
Bottle-fed babies, 278, 291, 353
Bottling milk, 260
Bowels, 284
Bow-legs, 281
Brain, development of, 279
Brass, 166
Breast feeding, 278, 353, 374
Breathing, 48
Brick, 36
Bronchi, foreign bodies in, 338
Symptoms, 339
Bronchial croup, 343
Major adjustment, 343
Bronchitis, acute catarrhal, 340
Bronchitis, chronic, 342
Bronchitis, fibrinous, 343
Bronchopneumonia, 344
Building construction, 32
Building site, 28
Buildings, character of, 161
Butter, 262
C
Cachexia, 376
Caisson dis-ease, 53
Caisson workers, 52, 163
Calisthenics, 150
Calorific mental impulses, 80
Capillary attraction, 31
Caput quadratum, 377
Carbolic acid, 213
Carbon dioxide, 44, 45, 47, 67, 108
Carbohydrates, 239
Care in milking, 258
Care of cows, 258
Care of food animals, 269
Care of sick room, 220
Carpopedal spasms, 333
Carriers, 200
Casein, 238, 255
Casing, 125
Casts, fibrinous, 343
Catarrh, acute nasal, 327
Catarrh, chronic nasal, 329
Cause of dis-ease, 21
Central heating, 88
Cerebral incoördination, 379
Cerebral tumors, 382
Cesspools, 125
Channels of entry, 201
Digestive tract, 201
Genito-urinary tract, 201
Respiratory tract, 201
Skin, 201
Character of buildings, 161
Character of cry, 309
Charts, 146
Chemical agents, 210
Chemical composition of foods, 238
Chemical purification, 131
Chemically pure water, 108, 109
Cheese, 263
Chicken pox, 173
Child exercise from handling, 281
Child’s cry, 313
Children, effects of labor upon, 158
Chiropractic hygiene, 19
Chiropractor, 192
Choice of occupation, 157
Chorea, 385
Cholera infantum, 360
Major adjustment, 361
Chronic bronchitis, 342
Major adjustment, 343
Symptoms, 342
Chronic dis-ease, 171
Chronic gastritis, 354
Major adjustment, 355
Chronic intestinal indigestion, 361
Chronic laryngitis, 336
Major adjustment, 336
Symptoms, 336
Chronic nasal catarrh, 329
Equation, 330
Family, 330
Major adjustment, 331
Symptoms, 330
Chyle, 17
Chyme, 17
Circumference of abdomen, 294
Cisterns, 113
Classification of dis-ease, 171
Classification of foods, 237
Cleanliness, 15
Cleanliness, external, 15
Cleanliness, internal, 15
Cloak rooms, 146
Clonic convulsion, 381
Cocci, 173
Cold damp air, 60
Cold dry air, 57
Cold in head, 327
Colic, 362, 368
Major adjustment, 363
Colicky pain, 359
Combustion, 79, 81
Commensal, 175
Communicable dis-ease, cause of, 226
Communicability, 175
Communication, source of, 22, 198
Competitive games, 281
Complemental air, 65
Composition of water, 107
Composition of meat, 267
Compression, air, 52
Condensation, 126
Condensed milk, 261
Condiments, 239
Condition of eyes, 308
Conduction, 86
Conductivity of atmosphere, 58
Congestion, 346
Constipation, 366, 358
Major adjustment, 367
Constituents of air, 44
Constitutional dis-ease, 170
Construction, fireproof, 36
Contact infection, 199
Contagious, 173, 202
Contractures, 279
Convection, 88
Convection through water, 89
Conveyance, media of, 198
Convulsions, 279, 381
Clonic, 381
Family, 383
Major adjustment, 384
Tonic, 381
Copper, 166
Corpuscles, 50
Corridors, 141
Coryza, 327
Cows, care of, 258
Cows’ milk, 278
Creeks, 114
Creoline, 213
Cresoles, 213
Croup, 332
Croup, bronchial, 343
Crude sewage, 133
Crying, 280
Crying, incessant, 314
Crystalline lens, 96
Curiosity of child, 280
Cutting teeth, 299
Cyanosis, 374, 308
Cyclic vomiting, 365
D
Dairy barn, unsanitary, 259
Dampness, 29, 32
Damp site, 29
Deciduous or milk teeth, 299
Decomposing food between teeth, 302
Decompression, air, 52
Decreased air pressure, 50
Deep sleep, 279
Deep wells, 123
Deformities of the thorax, 295
Degree of infection, 172
Dental caries, 302
Dentition, 299
Dentition, incoördinations during, 300
Dentition, symptoms exaggerated by, 300
Deodorant, 209
Desk, school, 144
Distinction between sanitation and hygiene, 14
Development, 285
Development of brain, 279
Diameter of chest, 294
Diaper, changing, 283
Diaphragm, 280, 340
Diarrhea during dentition, 300
Definitions, 171
Digestion, gastric, 357
Digestive organs, 278
Digestive tract, 353
Dilution, 127
Diphtheric germs, 197
Direct infection, 199
Direct lighting, 101
Direct radiation, 87
Dis-ease acute, 171, 226
Dis-ease, cause of, 21
Dis-ease, constitutional, 171
Dis-ease, germs do not cause, 191
Dis-ease the cause of germs, 189
Disinfection, 207, 210
Disposal of excreta, 223
Distillation of water, 109
Distilled water, 129
Divers, 51, 163
Diver’s palsy, 53
Diving bells, 52
Diving suits, 52
Domestic water supply, 118
Drafts, 282
Drainage, 32
Draw sheet, 222
Drinking fountains, 146
Dry heat, 211
Dry man, 247
Dry milk, 262
Dustless chalk, 145
Dusty trades, classification of, 165
Dyspnea, 334, 335, 343
E
Ear drums, 52
Echinococcus, 271
Edema of glottis, 339
Equation, 339
Major adjustment, 339
Symptoms, 339
Educated mind, 220
Educated mind, function of, 219-220
Effects of dust, 164
Effect of labor upon children, 158
Effect of posture, 159
Electric discharges, 49
Elimination of water from body, 111
Endemic, 177
Energy, expenditure of, 61
Environment, 381
Environment, importance of, 218
Environment, necessity of quiet, 279
Enzymes, autolytic, 267
Epidemic, 177
Epistaxis, 331
Equation, 331
Family, 332
Major adjustment, 332
Equation, epistaxes, 331
Equilibrium, 50, 296
Eruption, 301
Evaporation, 31, 58, 126
Evolution of lighting systems, 99
Exercise, 277, 280
Exercise, outdoor, 281
Excessive quantity of urine, 386
Exhaustion, muscular, 282
Exhaustion theory, 184
Expenditure of energy, 61
Expired air, 65
Exposure, 172
Exposure, stage of, 172
External cleanliness, 15
Eye, 96
Adaptation to light, 96
Aqueous humor, 96
Crystalline lens, 96
Fovea centralis, 96
Iris, 96
Macula lutea, 96
Protection, 284
Retina, 96
Vitreous humor, 96
Eyelids during sleep, 290
F
Facial expression, 308
Fans, plenum, 73
Fat soluble A, 240, 256
Fatigue, 59, 160
Fatigue, muscular, 161
Fats, 239, 255
Feces, 223
Feeding, 277
Fermentation, 31
Fibers, taut, 171
Fibrinous bronchitis, 343
Fibrinous casts, 343
Filter beds, 130
Filtration, 129
Filtration, mechanical, 128, 131
Fire escapes, 36, 37
Fire extinguishers, 36
Fireplace, 84, 85
Fireproofing, 36
Fire protection, 36
Fire-resisting, 36
Fixtures of bathroom, 37
Floors, 32, 33
Floors, construction of, 34
Floors, sanitary requirements, 33
Fluctuation of ground water, 30
Flushing tanks, 39
Fomites, 178
Fontanels, 293, 377
Fontanels, in cretinism, 293
Fontanels, in hydrocephalus, 293
Fontanels, in rachitis, 293
Food, adulteration of, 248
Foods, animal, 237
Food animals, 269
Food animals, care of, 269
Food assimilation, 374
Food, 231, 233
Balanced rations, 236
Carbohydrates, 239
Casein, 238
Chemical composition of, 238
Condiments, 239
Fats, 239
Function of, 238
Infection, 245, 246
Intoxication, 245, 248
Meat, unfit for, 269
Milk, 240
Necessity for, 231
Physical properties of, 338
Poisons, 245
Proteins, 238
Roughage, 237
Value of meat, 268
Vitamins, 237, 240
Foot tub, 37
Footings, foundation, 33
Forces, adaptative, 217
Foreign bodies in bronchi, 338
Symptoms, 339
Foreign bodies in larynx, 338
Symptoms, 339
Foreign bodies in the nose, 329
Foreign ingredients in water, 108
Formaldehyde, 208, 209, 210, 261
Formation, limestone, 123
Foul air, 68
Fouling of seal, 39
Foundation, 32
Footings, 33
Preparation of, 33
Fovea centralis, 96
Fresh air, 66
Fumigation, 209, 210
Function of foods, 238
Function of hygiene and sanitation, 15
Function of school life, 147
Functional activity, 186
Furnace heating, 88
Furniture of playroom, 282
Furniture of sleeping room, 282
G
Games, competitive, 281
Systematic, 281
Garbage cans, 135
Gaseous disinfectants, 210
Gastric digestion, 357
Gastritis, 353
Catarrhal, 353
Chronic, 354
Corrosive, 353
Major adjustment, 353
Membranous, 353
Symptoms, 353
Ulcerative, 353
Gelatinoids, 267
Genital organs, irritation of, 387
Genito-urinary, 202
Germ, a scavenger, 189
Germ medium, milk a, 257
Germ theory, origin of, 195
Germicide, 208
Germs, 23, 196, 197
Germs, cause of dis-ease, 189
Diphtheria, 197
Do not cause dis-ease, 191
Non-pathogenic, 174
Pathogenic, 174
Glass blowers, 163
Glossitis, 356
Equation, 356
Family, 356
Major adjustment, 356
Glottis, edema of, 339
God of medicine, 13
Goddess of health, 13
Gonococcus, 389
Gray hepatization, 346
Green plants, 47
Grimace, 308
Ground air, 30
Ground water, 30, 113, 118, 121
Growth and development, 285
Growth, evidence of health, 285
Gums, 376
H
Hard water, 110
Heat, 80
Heat exhaustion, 68
Heat loss, 58
Heat, molecular theory of, 79
Heat stroke, 59
Heating, 79
Central, 88
Combustion, 79
Conduction, 86
Convection, 88
Fireplace, 84
Hot air, 88
Hot water, 89
Local, 84, 85
Methods of, 83
Normal heat, 80
Of schoolroom, 144
Proper temperature, 82, 83
Radiators, 89
Radiation, 84
Steam, 91
Stove, 86
System, requirements of, 83
Three methods of, 83
Head, 292
Health, meat danger to, 270
Hearing, 290
Height of child, 289
Table showing average, 287
Helium, 44, 46
Hemoglobin, 46, 48
Hepatization, 340
Gray, 346
Red, 346
Highly acid urine, 386
History of public water supply, 106
Host, 175
Hot air, 88
Hot box, 314, 347
Hot water, 89
House dampness, 34
House plumbing, 37
House sewer, 39
Humidity, 55, 58, 61, 62
Absolute, 56
Relative, 56
Hunger, 232
Hunger cry, 313
Hydatid, 271
Hydrogen, 44
Hydrogen peroxide, 44, 49
Hydrocephalus, 382
Hygeia, 13
Hygiene, 19, 301
Chiropractic, 19
Defined, 13
Housing, 28
Layman’s, 19
Medical, 19
Personal, 13
Public, 14
Sanitation, aim and function of, 15
Three viewpoints on, 19
Hygienic measures, 329
In so-called communicable dis-eases, 224
Hyperacidity of urine, 386
Hypertrophic stenosis, 357
Hysteria, 385
I
Ice coils, 73
Ice, manufactured, 127
Icterus, 369
Equation, 370
Family, 370
Major adjustment, 370
Pathological, 369
Physiological, 369
Symptoms, 369
Ignition proof, 36
Ill effects of damp houses, 35
Immunity, 181, 191, 192
Acquired, 183
Adaptability of body in, 186
Artificial, 183
Defined, 181
Exhaustion theory, 184, 189
Mechanism of, 188
Natural, 182
Retention theory, 184
Various theories of, 185
Impounding reservoirs, 116
Impervious strata, 119
Impurities in air, 30, 67
Inanition, 235, 236
Major adjustments, 374
Symptoms, 374
Incandescent electric light, 100
Incessant crying, 314
Incineration of refuse, 134
Incoördinations of bladder, 386
Of infants, zones involved, 312
Of larynx, 332
Of lungs, 340
Increased air pressure, 51
Increased rate of breathing, 50
Incubation, stage of, 172
Indigestion, 357
Acute intestinal, 359
Chronic intestinal, 361
Indirect infection, 199, 200
Method of lighting, 102
Radiation, 87
Industrial dusts, 164
Industrial establishments, 161
Industrial hygiene, 156
Definition, 156
Dust, classification of, 164, 165
Place of work, 159
Poisons, 158, 165, 166, 167, 168
Work places, 162
Infant, thorax of, 340
Infantile atrophy, 375
Infants, adjusting, 321
Infection, 23, 172, 199, 200
Infection, channels of, 199
Degree of, 172
Direct, 199
Indirect, 200
Mode of, 199
Period of, 172
Source of, 23, 198
Infectious, 173, 202
Inflammable, 36
Inorganic detritus, 67
Inorganic salts, 239
Insecticide, 208
Inspiration of air, 48
Instrumental birth, 308
Intellectual adaptation, 50
Intellectual adaptation in immunity, 181
Intercepting sewers, 39
Interference with transmission, 61
Internal cleanliness, 15
Internal resistance, 54
Intussusception, 367
Major adjustment, 369
Stools in, 368
Symptoms, 368
Invasion, period of, 172
Iris, 96
Irritability, during dentition, 300
Irritation of genital organs, 387
J
Jaundice, 308
K
Kidneys, 60
Klebs-Loeffler bacilli, 335
Krypton, 44, 46
L
Labor, effect upon children, 158
Lactalbumin, 255
Lactoglobulin, 255
Lactose, 256
Lakes, 114, 115
Languor, 59
Larvæ, of tænia saginata, 270
Laryngeal obstruction, 335
Laryngismus stridulus, 333
Laryngitis, acute catarrhal, 334
Chronic, 336
Tubercular, 337
Larynx, foreign bodies in, 338
Symptoms, 339
Larynx, incoördination of, 332
Lavatory, 37
Layman’s hygiene, 19
Lead colic, 166
Lead palsy, 166
Lead poisoning, 166
Lighting, 95
Artificial, 99, 162
Direct, 101
Incandescent electric light, 100
of schoolroom, 142
Psychological effect of, 100
Systems of, 101, 102
Physiological effect of, 100
Schoolroom, 142
Value of sunlight, 98
Window area, 98, 99
Limestone formation, 121, 123
Limestone regions, 119
Lips, tactile sensibility of, 290
Liquid disinfectants, 210
Living rooms, 30
Lobar pneumonia, 344
Symptoms of, 346
Local heating, 84
Location of work, 164
Lockjaw, 389
Loss of light, 98
Loss of seal, 38
Loss of weight, 287
Lungs, 45
Lysol, 213
M
Macula lutea, 96
Main sewer, 37
Malnutrition, 373
Major adjustment, 374
Symptoms, 373
Man, as source of communication, 22
Manufactured ice, 127
Manure, 259
Marasmus, 375
Major adjustment, 375
Matron, 147
Measles, 173
Measly beef, 270
Meat, 267, 268
Care of food animals, 269
Composition of, 267
Danger to health, 270
Food value of, 268
Source of, 268
Unfit for food, 269
Mechanical devices to aid walking, 296
Mechanical filtration, 128, 131
Mechanical ventilation, 72, 164
Mechanism of immunity, 188
Meconium, 366
Media of conveyance, 198
Medical hygiene, 19
Meningitis, 382
Mental impulses, 186
Mercurial poisoning, 167
Mercury, 166
Mercury, use of, 167
Metallic cough, croup, 332
Methods of sewage disposal, 132
Methods of water purification, 126
Miasmatic, 203
Microcephalus, 293
Milk, 240, 261
As a food, 254
Condensed, 261
Dry, 262
Germ medium, 257
Pasteurization, 261
Products, preparation of, 261
Proper temperature, 260
Sanitary measures in production, 257
Sugar, 256
Milk teeth, appearance of, 299
Mineral wool, 34
Mode of infection, 199
Model site, 28
Modes of transfer, 199
Moisture in houses, 35
Molecular theory, 79
Morbific agents, 173
Mosquitoes, 32
Mouldings in school room, 142
Mountain climbers, 163
Mouth breathing, 330
Mucopurulent discharge, 328
Muddy water, 110
Municipal swimming pools, 132
Muscular exhaustion, 282
Muscular fatigue, 282
N
Nail point two, 323
Nasal catarrh, 327
Acute, 327
Adjustment, 328
Chronic, 329
Equation, 328
Family, 328
Natural birth, 308
Natural immunity, 182
Natural light in buildings, 98
Natural means of disinfection, 210
Natural means of ventilation, 69
Natural methods of water purification, 126
Necessity for food, 231
Necessity for water in body, 109
Need for conserving energy, 220
Neon, 44, 46
Nerve tracing, 316
Nervous mechanism, 279
Nervousness, 280
Neurotic children, 379, 385
Equation, 380
Family, 380
Major adjustment, 381
Nocturnal enuresis, 384,387
Correction of condition, 387
Excessive quantity of urine in, 386
Highly acid urine in, 386
Incoördinations of bladder in, 386
Incoördination of nervous system, 385
Irritation of genital organs in, 387
Nocturnal restlessness, 377
Non-nitrogenous food, 238
Non-pathogenic germs, 174
Normal air pressure, 50, 163
Normal bodily temperature, 81
Normal bowel movement, 284
Normal heat, 80
Normal stool, 366
Nose bleed, 331
Nourishment, 277
Nitric acid, 49
Nitrogen, 44, 46
Nitrogenous foods, 238
Nude baby, 280
Nurseries, 282
Nursery furniture of, 282
Temperature of, 283
Ventilation of, 282
O
Obligate saprophytes, 176
Obstetrician, 277
Occipito-frontal measurements, 292
Occupation, 157
Active, 160
Choice of, 157
Effect of posture, 159
Effect upon children, 158
Effect upon health, 156
Fatigue, 160
Personal factors in, 157
Place of work, 159
Sedentary, 160
Odor of urine, 18
Oleomargarine, 262
Ophthalmia, 389
Major adjustment, 389
Symptoms, 389
Opisthotonos, 379
Origin of germ theory, 195
Outdoor exercise, 281
Outside airing, 284
Overwork, 160
Oxidation, 46
Oxidizing agent, 49
Oxygen, 44
Oxygenated air, 51
Ozone, 44, 49
P
Pain, colicky, 359
Palatability of water, 108
Pallor, 308
Palpating the infant, 314
Palpation of cervical vertebrae, 316
Palpation of sacrum, 316, 317
Pandemic, 178
Papillomatous, 337
Parasites, 175
Partitions, 37
Pasteurization of milk, 261
Pathogenic action, 174
Pathogenic germs, 174
Peculiarities of child considered, 149
Pemphigus neonatorum, 390
Equation, 391
Family, 391
Major adjustment, 391
Symptoms, 391
Period of infection, 172
Period of invasion, 172
Periodical vomiting, 365
Permanent hardness of water, 111
Permanent teeth, table of, 301
Personal factors in occupation, 157
Perspiration, 18, 60
Personal hygiene, 13
Petrosphere, 44
Phosphorus, 166
Phosphorus poisoning, 168
Physical agents of disinfection, 210
Physical properties of food, 238
Pigeon breast, 377
Pillow of the infant, 283
Pinched expression, 308
Pisiform bone, 322
Place of work, 159
Plant foods, 237
Play, 281
Play periods necessary, 148
Playroom, 282
Plenum system, 69, 72, 73, 164
Pneumonia, 343
Equation, 347
Family, 347
Major adjustment, 347
Symptoms, 345
Poison, 233
Cycle, 22
Poisoning, Arsenic, 167
Chromium, 168
Industrial, 158
Lead, 166
Mercurial, 167
Phosphorus, 168
Poisonous gas, 49
Pollution of well water, 119
Ponds, 114
Pools, Swimming, 132
Portland cement, 37
Position of infant for adjustments, 321
Posture, 149, 159
Pott’s dis-ease, 295
Preface, 7
Preparation of foundation, 33
Preparation of milk and milk products, 261
Prevention of siphonage, 39
Prism glass, 142
Privy vault, 132
Process of respiration, 48
Production of milk in sanitary measures, 257
Prophylactic measures in lead poisoning, 166
Prophylaxis, 152
Proteins, 238, 255
Psychological effects of light, 100
Ptomaines, 270
Public hygiene, 14
Pulmonary tuberculosis, 342
Pulse rate, 311
Disturbances in, 311
Table of, 311
Purification, chemical, 131
Sewage, 133
Purified milk, 261
Pylorospasm, 357
Pylorus, stenosis of, 357
R
Rachitic girdle, 378
Rachitic rosary, 378
Radiation, 79, 84
Direct, 87
Indirect, 87
Radiator, 89, 90
Rain water, 113, 114
Rales, 341, 345
Rarefied air, 51
Rate of respiration, 65
Recess, 150
Recirculated air, 68
Recoil, 321
Red blood cells, 45
Red hepatization, 346
Reduced air pressure, 50
Refuse disposal, 132, 134
Regulation of breathing, 48
Reinforced concrete, 36
Floors, 34
Relative humidity, 56, 61, 62
Removal of sewage, 132
Requirements of ventilating systems, 67
Reserve energy, 187
Reservoirs, impounding, 116
Residual air, 45, 66
Respiration, 44, 65, 309, 310, 383
Respiratory system, 48, 327
Restlessness during dentition, 300
Retching, 365
Retention theory, 184
Retina, 96
Retropharyngeal abscess, 328
Rhinopharyngitis, 327
Rickets, 295, 376
Deformities of abdomen in, 378
Deformities of extremities in, 378
Deformities of head in, 377
Deformities of spine in, 378
Deformities of thorax in, 377
Equation, 379
Major adjustments, 379
Symptoms, 377
Rivers, 114
Roof, 34
Room, proper temperature of, 83
Roughage, 237
Rudimentary spinous processes, 317
S
Sacral adjustments, 323, 324
Sand filter, 128, 129, 130
Sandstone rock, 123
Sanitary art, 14
Sanitary environment, 20
Measures in production of milk, 257
Requirements of floors, 33
Science, 14
Sanitation and hygiene, distinction between, 14
Sanitation, sick room hygiene, 217
Sapremia, 177
Saprophytes, 176
Sarcolactic, 267
Scavengers, 226
School building, 140
Basement, 141
Blackboards, 145
Charts, 146
Cloakrooms, 146
Corridors, 141
Heating, 144
Lighting of, 142
School desks, 144
School room, size of, 141
Stairways, 140
Toilets, 147
Ventilation of, 143
Water supply, 146
Window area, 142
Window shades, 143
School hygiene, age of beginner, 148
Peculiarities of child, 149
Personal factors, 147
Play periods, 148
Recess, 150
School dis-eases, 151
School desks, 144
School dis-eases, 151
School hygiene, 140
School life, functions of, 147
School room, size of, 141
Science, Sanitary, 14
Screens, 221
Scurvy, 376
Major adjustment, 376
Symptoms, 376
Sea level, 54
Seal, 37
Secretions, 50
Sedentary occupations, 160
Sedimentation, 115, 128
Self purification of water, 127
Semi-indirect lighting, 101
Septic method of sewage purification, 133
Septicemia, 177
Serous circulation, 61
Sewage, crude, 133
Sewage disposal, 132
Sewage pollution, 116
Sewage purification, septic method, 133
Sewage, removal of, 132
Sewage system of body, 16
Sewerage system, 39
Sewer air, 39
Sewer gas, 39
Shallow wells, 123
Shape of head, 294
Shingles, 34
Sick room, 217
Bed and bedding of, 222
Bed pan, 223
Care of, 220
Disposal of excreta, 223
Draw sheet, 222
Sponge bath, 224
Ventilation of, 221
Sight, 289
Siphonage, 38
Site, building, 28
Site of school building, 140
Slate and tile roofs, 34
Sleep, 278
Sleeping rooms or nurseries, 282
Slow sand filter, 130
Smallpox, 173
Smell, 291
Sneezing, 327
Snow water, 113
Soft water, 110
Soil, 30
Soiled linen, 222
Soup stock, 268
Sources of communication, 22
Source of food, 237
Source of infection, 23
Source of impurities in air, 67
Source of impurities in water, 118
Spasmodic laryngitis, 332
Special senses, 289
Speech, age at which developed, 291
Sphincter muscle, 386
Spinograph, 317
Spirilli, 173
Sponge bath, 224
Sporadic, 178
Spring water, 118
Sputum, 223
Stable, 259
Stage of exposure, 172
Stagnant water, 32, 116, 259
Stairways, 37, 140
Starvation, 234
States of aggregation of water, 108
Steam, 115, 212
Steam heating, 91
Steel floor beams, 37
Stegomyia calopus, 114
Stenosis, 334
Stenosis hypertrophic of the pylorus, 357
Equation, 358
Family, 358
Major adjustment, 359
Symptoms, 357
Sterile milk, 260
Sterilization, 207, 212
Stomatitis, 355
Equation, 356
Family, 356
Major adjustment, 356
Stone, 36
Stool, 37
In intussusception, 368
Normal, 366
Stooped shoulders, 160
Storm sewers, 39
Stove, 86
Strabismus, 308
Street sewer, 39
Stridulus, laryngismus, 333
Stupor, 374
Subsoil water, 113, 118, 121
Suction fans, 73
Sulphur dioxide, 209
Sulphuric acid, 49
Sunlight, 98, 128
Supplemental air, 65
Supply, water, 146
Suppurative nephritis, 339
Surface water, 113, 114, 117
Sutures, 292
Sweat glands, 58
Swimming pools, 132
Symbiosis, 175
System, respiratory, 327
Systematic games, 281
Systems of heating, 83
Systems of lighting, 101
T
Table of heights, 288
Table of weight, 288
Tactile sensibility, 290
Tænia saginata, larva of, 270
Tapeworm, 270
Taste, 291
Taut fibers, 171
Technique, 323
Teeth, 301
Teeth, hygiene of, 301
Temperature, 62
Artificially high, 163
Bodily, 58
Of buildings, 82
Of playroom, 282
Tempering coils, 75
Temporary hardness of water, 110
Temporary strabismus, 290
Terra-cotta, 34, 36
Tetanus, 207, 212
Tetanus in infants, 389
Equation, 390
Family, 390
Major adjustment, 390
Symptoms, 389
Theories of immunity, 182
Thorax, shape of, 294
Deformities of, 295
Infants, 340
Three viewpoints on hygiene, 19
Thymus gland, 382
Tidal air, 65
Tile, 31, 34
Toilets, 147
Tongue, tactile sensibility of, 290
Tonic spasm, 381, 389
Toothache, 302
Top cover, 222
Touch, 290
Toxemia, 177
Transfer, modes of, 199
Trap, 37, 38, 39
Trichinosis, 270
Trismus, 389
Tubercular laryngitis, 337
Tubercular ridge, 317
Tuberculosis, 166
Tumors, cerebral, 382
Turbid water, 110
Tympanites, 359, 368
Typhoid fever, 173
U
Under drains, 39
Underground water, 121
Unsanitary dairy barn, 259
Urine, 223
Excessive quantity of, 386
Highly acid, 386
Odor of, 18
V
Vacuum, 69, 164
Vacuum system, 73
Value of sunlight, 98
Various theories of immunity, 185
Vent pipe, 39
Ventilating system, 67
Ventilation, 66
Air space per capita, 70
Breathing zone, 72
Defined, 65
Means of, 69
Mechanical, 72
Natural means of, 69
Of hall and stairways, 30
Of playroom, 282
Plenum, system of, 69, 73
Schoolroom, 143
Sick room, 221
Sleeping room, 282
Tempering coils, 75
Vacuum, system of, 69, 73
Washing the air, 73
Water curtain, 75
Ventilators, 282
Vertical currents, 117
Visual analysis, 309
Vital resistance, 187
Vitamin, 240, 256
Vitamin antineurotic, 241
Vitiated air, 70, 143
Vitiation, 67
Vitreous humor, 96
Volume of air inspired, expired, 65
Vomiting, 363
Cyclic, 365
Major adjustment, 365
Obstructive, 364
Periodical, 365
Recurrent, 365
Symptoms, 365
W
Walls, 33
In school room, 142
Methods of construction, 33
Walking, 295
Warm dry air, 61
Warm moist air, 59
Washing the air, 73
Water, 105, 106, 108
Amount needed per day, 111
Artificial reservoirs, 116
Chemical purification of, 131
Chemically pure, 108, 109
Cisterns, 113
Composition of, 107
Condensation, 126
Distillation of, 109
Distilled, 129
Elimination from body, 111
Evaporation, 126
Fall mixing of, 117
Filtration, 129
Foreign ingredients in, 108
General considerations, 106
Ground, 113, 120
Hard, 110
Impounding reservoir, 116
Lakes, 115
Muddy, 110
Necessity for, in body, 109
Needed for all purposes, 111
Palatability of, 108
Proper supply of, 106
Purification of, 126
Rain, 113
Sedimentation, 128
Self-purification of, 126
Snow, 113
Soft, 110
Sources of impurities, 118
Spring, 118
Stagnation of, 116
States of aggregation, 108
Streams, 115
Subsoil, 113, 118, 121
Surface, 113, 114, 117
Taste of, 110
Turbid, 110
Underground, 120
Universal solvent, 109
Well, 118
Water curtain, 75
Water-logged, 33-36
Water meters, 113
Waterproof course in walls, 35
Water-soluble B, 240, 256
Water-soluble C, 240, 256
Water supply, 112, 113, 146
Water vapor, 55
Water waste, 113
Weight, gain in, 286
Weight, how considered, 286
Weight, loss of, 287
Weight of boys at birth, 285
Weight of girls at birth, 285
Weight, table showing average, 287
Wells, 123
Wet clothing, 146
Window area, 98, 99
Window hopper, 70
Window shades, 99, 143
Window ventilation, 69
Wood shingles, 34
Work, place of, 159
Work places, 162
Writer’s cramps, 161
X
Xenon, 44, 46
Z
Zinc, 166
Transcriber’s Notes
pg 53 Changed: These may form in the labryinth of the ear
to: These may form in the labyrinth of the ear
pg 101 Changed: which will permit some of the light days to penetrate
to: which will permit some of the light rays to penetrate
pg 132 Changed: running sores, conjunctivitis, or veneral diseases
to: running sores, conjunctivitis, or venereal diseases
pg 171 Changed: while enviromental dis-eases are attributed
to: while environmental dis-eases are attributed
pg 187 Changed: so as to increase the processs of adaptation
to: so as to increase the process of adaptation
pg 234 Changed: There is an engorgment of the liver
to: There is an engorgement of the liver
pg 249 Changed: 4—Fradulent labeling of food
to: 4—Fraudulent labeling of food
pg 323 Changed: extreme case must be exercised
to: extreme care must be exercised
pg 342 Changed: may tend to influence and exxagerate
to: may tend to influence and exaggerate
pg 365 Changed: similar to migrane in adults
to: similar to migraine in adults
pg 383 Changed: There is rythmical convulsive movements
to: There is rhythmical convulsive movements