Levites, 46.
Liberator, men make a master of every, 108.
Liberty against barbarism, 57.
Liberty, fighting for the awakening of, 38;
of the world, 64;
the wild violet of, 119.
Liebermann, 61.
Liebknecht, 45.
Life Force, the, 9.
Life, the value of, 53.
Lissauer, 155.
Lithuanians, 66.
Louvain, 21.
Love of our country, 47.
Luzzatti, 47.
Maeterlinck, 95, 193.
Mahler, 59.
Maladresse, 29.
Malines, 21.
Manifesto of Intellectuals, 27.
Mann, Thomas, 28, 113, 163.
Marck, Ludwig, 156.
Marx, Karl, 186.
Maury, M. Lucien, 168.
Medicines for the soul, 91.
Mesnil, Jacques, 14.
Meyer, M. Arthur, 46.
Michelet, 186.
Middle Ages, the great monasteries of the early, 55.
Militarization of the intellect, 63.
Minds, the effort of great, 107.
Minority vitally interested in maintaining these hatreds, 49.
Miracle, men call the sudden appearance of a hidden reality a, 94.
Mobilization of the forces of the pen, this, 60.
Modernism, the noble chimera of, 49.
Moerlins, Frau Marie von Bülow-, 146.
Molière, 113.
Moloch, 48, 108.
Moral epidemic, 11.
Moral triumph, France has won in this war a prodigious, 100.
Moroccans, 41.
Mozart, 163.
Nations subject to Russia are asking agonized questions, 73.
Natorp, Paul, 146.
"Necessity knows no law," 31.
_Nederlandsche Anti-Oorlog Raad_, 127.
Neutral countries are too much effaced, 52.
Neutrality, Belgium's, 34.
Newman, Cardinal, 184.
Newspaper-press of the warring nations, 133.
Newspapers, of both countries give publicity only to prejudiced stories
unfavorable to the enemy, 81;
jests in, 170;
those who behind the line ring the bells, make speeches, and write, 175;
they lie--consciously or unconsciously, 178.
Nietzsche, 58.
Nivernais, my own little town in the, 89.
Nordhausen, Richard, 155.
_Notre-Dame la Misère_, 91.
Ode to a Howitzer, an, 155.
Official agencies, 29.
Officialdom, heroes of, 91.
Omega workshops, the, 12.
Organization, 111.
Ostwald, 28, 111, 164.
Paladins of God, the, 39.
Pamphleteer, a maladroit, 17.
Pangermanism, 68.
Panslavism, 68, 71.
Passion, the language of, 143.
Patrimony of the human race, the, 21.
Patriotism, the true formula of, 185.
Peace, man deteriorates in, 28;
armed, 39;
of Europe, the, 137.
Pedants of Barbarism, 29.
Pedants, the megalomania of, 167.
Péguy, Charles, 31, 32, 37.
Pen dipped in blood, a, 79;
armies of the, 144.
Perrier, E., 44.
Perrette of the fable, 113.
Petzold, 155.
Pioch, Georges, 14.
Plutarch, 186.
Polemics is like a theft from these unfortunates, time devoted to, 98.
Policy, German, 20.
Pontiff, the new, 49.
Pope Pius X died of grief to see the outbreak of this war, 48.
Prelude to the great war of the nations, 2.
Prenant, Mr., 52.
Press, the war-preaching French, English and German, 49;
an unscrupulous, 80;
bullies of the, 91.
Prisoner, the moral situation of the military, 82.
Prisoners, civil, 85;
of war, 97;
Agency, 177.
Priests are marching with the colors, 46.
Problem of freedom, the, 7.
Protest, the poverty of, 17.
Proudhon, 2.
Prussian Imperialism, 26, 50, 57.
Psychologic necessity, 131.
Public opinion, 53.
Public safety, the famous doctrine of, 31.
Publicists trying to rouse the energies of the nation, 102.
Questions which divided you, the, 41.
Race, the idol of, 108.
Racial frenzy, 48.
Rade, Martin, 146.
Rappoport, Charles, 187.
Reason, the unity of, 16.
Red Cross, the, 82, 88.
Redeemer, the, 33.
Reger, 59.
Régnier, de, 44.
Renaitour, J. M., 14.
Renan, 53.
Repatriation, 90.
Reprisals, a desire for, 100.
Responsible for the longer duration of this horrible war? who are, 134.
Retaliation, 51.
Revolution, an internal, 73.
Rheims, 9;
Cathedral, 23, 24.
Rhine, your neighbors across the, 105.
Riga, 66.
Rivalry, the world-wide tragedy of, 128.
Rodin, 17.
Roentgen, 61.
Rolland, Romain, 8;
letters to, 64;
attacks against, 97.
Roman Empire at the time of the Tetrarchy, the, 41.
Rotten, Dr. Elizabeth, 146.
Rouanet, 14.
Rubens, 21.
Rulers, 42.
Rumors circulate only too easily, 80.
Russia, our alliance with, 57;
nations subject to, 73;
generous promises of, 140.
Russian, autocracy, the, 50;
writers have been our guides for the last forty years, 59;
the hand of the, Government, 70;
evils of, Government, 71;
domination very oppressive, 73.
Sacrifice, the ecstasy of, 32.
Sacrilegious conflict, a, 40.
Sancho Panza, 95.
Savageries, 21.
Scheler, Max, 162.
Schickele, René, 160.
Schleinitz, Nora Freiin von, 146.
Schneeli, Dr., 81.
Schrenck, 110.
Schultze, Siegmund-, 146.
Seeherrschaft of Britain, 145.
Seippel, M. Paul, 52.
Senegalese, 41.
Sepoys, 41.
Sermon on the Mount, the, 110.
Shaw, Bernard, 43.
Shameful record, a, 17.
Sikhs, 41.
Silence itself is an act, at such a time, 22;
the heroic discipline of France in, 170.
Sin, the unpardonable, 32.
Socialism, the leaders of, 40;
drifting, 190.
Socialists, German, 45;
Italian, 46;
unite and attack both Kaiser and Czar, 49.
Society of friends of foreigners in distress, 146.
Sons of sorrow, geniuses are, 34.
Soudanese, 41.
Spirit above flesh, put, 24;
is the light, the, 54.
Spiritual forces, 10;
guides of the human race, 151.
Sport, this bloody and puerile, 42.
Stepping-stone, a human, 10.
Stern, Josef Luitpol, 155.
Sterheim, Carl, 161.
Strauss, 53;
Richard, neurotic jugglers with orchestral effects, 59.
Strawinsky, 59.
Sudermann, 61.
Switzerland, 49;
the generous heart of, 54.
Tenderness is wisdom, 157.
Teutonic colossus, the, 47.
Thermopylæ of Liège, the, 93.
Thiesson, Gaston, 14.
Thoma, Hans, 29.
Till Ulenspiegel, 95.
Tillys, modern, 51.
Tokio, 43.
Tolstoi, 16, 59.
Trakl, George, 165.
Trustfulness, culpable, 26.
Turks, 41.
Uebervolk, 78.
Unamuno, Miguel de, 111.
Underhand means, 42.
Unified Europe, a, 125.
Union of Democratic Control, 137.
United States of Europe, a, 112.
Unity of European Future, 152.
Valmy, a hero of, 48.
Vandervelde, 189.
Verdict of history, the, 132.
Verhaeren, 95.
Vices which are profitable, 109.
Victory below means defeat above, 33.
Vierordt, Heinrich, 160.
Voltaire, the motto of, 51.
Von Biberstein, Baron Marschall, 171.
Von Unruh, Fritz, 155, 172.
Wagner, 58.
War, that lies behind the present conflict, the greater, 10;
as a fatality, 20;
is war, 30;
international, 47;
between the Western nations, no reason for, 49;
the delightful promise of a perpetual, 105;
of the pen, 131.
Warsaw, 54.
Wedekind, Franz, 155.
Weingartner, 61.
Wells, 43.
Werfel, Franz, 156.
Whitman, Walt, 7;
and Tolstoi, 16.
William II, 46.
Wolff's Agency, 27.
Wood, James, 12.
Workers' International, the, 188.
Wound will heal, a good open clean, 105;
wounded of both countries are living in terms of friendship, in
Germany and France alike, 82.
Writers, German, 154.
Wundt, 44, 61.
Zangwill, Israel, 137.
Zorothowo, 58.
Zweig, Stefan, 165.
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] For translating "The Murder of the Elite."
[2] One article only, "The Idols," may, I think, have been published in
its entirety in _La Bataille syndicaliste_.
[3] I leave my articles in their chronological order. I have changed
nothing in them. The reader will notice, in the stress of events,
certain contradictions and hasty judgments which I would modify
today.... In general, the sentiments expressed have arisen out of
indignation and pity. In proportion as the immensity of the ruin extends
one feels the poverty of protest, as before an earthquake. "There is
more than one war," wrote the aged Rodin to me on the 1st of October,
1914. "What is happening is like a punishment which falls on the world."
[4] A telegram from Berlin (Wolff's Agency), reproduced by the _Gazette
de Lousanne_, August 29, 1914, has just announced that "the old town of
Louvain, rich in works of art, exists no more to-day."
[5] Written after the bombardment of Rheims Cathedral.
[6] When I wrote this, I had not yet seen the monstrous article by
Thomas Mann (in the _Neue Rundschau_ of November 1914), where, in a fit
of fury and injured pride, he savagely claimed for Germany, as a title
to glory, all the crimes of which her adversaries accuse her. He dared
to write that the present war was a war of German Kultur "against
Civilization," proclaiming that German thought had no other ideal than
militarism, and inscribes on his banner the following lines, the apology
of force oppressing weakness:
"_Den der Mensch verkümmert im Frieden,_
_Müssige Ruh ist das Grab des Muts._
_Das Gesetz ist der Freund des Schwachen,_
_Alles will es nur eben machen._
_Möchte gern die Welt verflachen,_
_Aber der Krieg lässt die Kraft erscheinen...._"
(_Man deteriorates in peace. Idle rest is the tomb of courage. Law is
the friend of the weak, it aims at levelling all; it would reduce the
world to a level. War brings out strength._)
Even so a bull in the arena, mad with rage, rushes with lowered head on
the matador's sword, and impales himself.
[7] As one of these 'pedants of barbarism' (so Miguel de Unamuno rightly
describes them) writes, "one has the right to destroy; if one has the
force to create" (Wer stark ist zu schaffen, der darf auch
zerstören).--Friedr Gundolf: _Tat und Wort im Krieg_, published in the
_Frankfurter Zeitung_, October 11th. Cf. the article of the aged Hans
Thoma, in the _Leipziger Illustrierte Zeitung_ of October 1st.
[8] _Jean-Christophe_, part V, "La Foire sur la Place." In vol. III of
the English version.--TRANS.
[9] At the very hour I wrote these lines, Charles Péguy died.
[10] Alludes to a Viennese writer who had told me, a few weeks before
the declaration of war, that a disaster for France would be a disaster
for the liberal thinkers of Germany too.
[11] See note, p. 193.
[12] Liebknecht has since gloriously cleared his honor of the
compromises of his party. I here express admiration of his attitude. (R.
R., January 1915.)
[13] Recently published in the _Corriere della Sera_ and translated by
the _Journal de Genève_, September 1914.
[14] _Le Temps_, September 4, 1914.
[15] Issues of September 16 and 17, 1914: _La Guerre et le Droit_.
[16] Letter dated September 15, 1871, published in _Réforme
intellectuelle et morale_.
[17] Open letter of Dr. Ernst Dryander, the First Court Preacher and
Vice-President of the Higher Ecclesiastical Council, to C. E. Babut,
Pastor of Nimes, September 15, 1914 (published in _l'Essor_ for the 10th
October and the _Journal de Genève_, 18th October).
[18] The newspapers of both countries give publicity only to prejudiced
stories unfavorable to the enemy. One would imagine that they devote
themselves to collecting only the worst cases, in order to preserve the
atmosphere of hatred; and those to which they give predominance are
often doubtful and always exceptional. No mention is made of anything
that would tell in a contrary direction of prisoners who are grateful
for their treatment, as in the letters which we have to transmit to
their families--in which, for example, a German civil prisoner speaks of
a pleasant walk, or of sea bathing, he has been allowed to enjoy. I have
even come across the case of an entomologist who is peacefully absorbed
in his researches, and profiting by his enforced sojourn in the South of
France to complete his collection of insects.
[19] On this point, I would echo the appeal in the article cited above,
from the _Neue Zürcher Zeitung_.
[20] Published by the _Daily Telegraph_, London, 1914.
[21] The Editor of a great Paris paper having offered to publish my
reply to those who attacked me, I sent him this article, which never
appeared.
[22] Paul Bourget.
[23] The Evangelical pastor Schrenck in an article on "War and the New
Testament," quoted with approval by the Rev. Ch. Correvon in the
_Journal religieus_ of Neuchatel, November 14th.
[24] In a declaration to the editor of the Swedish paper _Dagen_.
[25] The famous "Appeal to the Civilized Nations" had been sent out
shortly before this by the ninety-three German intellectuals.
[26] Holland.
[27] "To let a people," he said, "or still more a fraction of a people,
decide international questions, for instance, which state shall control
them, is as good as making the children of a house vote for their
father. It is the most ridiculous fallacy that human wit has ever
invented."
[28] The _Svenska Dagbladet_ sent to the principal intellectuals of
Europe an inquiry on the subject of the results which the war would
have, "for international collaboration, in the domain of the spirit." It
asked "with anxiety, to what extent it would be possible, once peace was
concluded, to establish relations between the scientists, writers, and
artists of the different nations."
[29] The literary appreciation of the work cited is here treated as of
secondary importance, in order that evidence may be discovered with
regard to the thought of Germany.
[30] See the article of Josef Luitpol Stern, "Dichter," in _Die Weissen
Blätter_, March 1915.
[31] Hohe Gemeinschaft.
[32] Fremde sind wir auf der Erde alle.
[33] _Die Ueberschätzung der Kunst_ (December 1914).
[34] _Von der Vaterlandsliebe_ (January 1915).
[35] December 1914.
[36] _Hymne auf den Schmerz_ (January 1915).--It is to be noted that the
_Forum_ is read in the trenches, and that it has received many letters
of approval from the front. (_Der Phrasenrausch und seine Bekaempfer_,
February 1915.)
[37] I take the phrase from M. Lucien Maury in an article written before
the war: (_Journal de Genève_) March 30, 1914. This is quoted recently
by M. Adolphe Ferrière who, in his remarkable Doctor's thesis, _La loi
du Progrès_ attempts to solve the tragic problem of the part played by
the élite.
[38] The review _Die Tat_, published by Eug. Diederichs at Jena, prints
long extracts from them in its issue for May 1915.
[39] With an introduction by C. E. Babut.
[40] His principal philosophical work is his Doctor's thesis: _La
réalité du monde sensible_ (1891). Another thesis (in Latin) dates from
the same year: _Des origines du socialisme allemand_, in which he goes
back to the Christian socialism of Luther.
His great historical work is his _Histoire sociale de la Révolution_.
Very interesting is his discussion with Paul Lafargue on _l'Idéalisme et
le matérialisme dans la conception de l'histoire_.
[41] "The need of unity is the profoundest and noblest of the human
mind" (_La réalité du monde sensible_).
[42] "This young democracy must be given a taste for liberty. It has a
passion for equality; it has not in the same degree an idea of liberty,
which is acquired much more slowly and with greater difficulty. We must
give the children of the people, by means of a sufficiently lofty
exercise of their powers of thinking, a sense of the value of man and
consequently of the value of liberty, without which man does not exist."
(To the teachers, January 15, 1888.)
[43] "As for myself, I have never made use of violence to attack
beliefs, whatever they may be; nay, more, I have always abstained even
from that form of violence which consists in insult. Insult expresses a
weak and feverish revolt, rather than the liberty of reason." (1901.)
[44] "The true formula of patriotism is the equal right of all countries
to liberty and justice; it is the duty of every citizen to increase in
his own country the forces of liberty and justice. Those are but sorry
patriots who in order to love and serve one country, find it necessary
to decry the others, the other great moral forces of humanity." (1905.)
[45] Or the extracts given by Charles Rappoport in his excellent book
_Jean Jaurès, l'homme, le penseur, le socialiste_ (1915, Paris,
_l'Emancipatrice_), with an introduction by Anatole France. From this
book are quoted the passages referred to in the notes which follow.
_Jean Jaurès_, a brochure by René Legand, should also be read.
[46] Rappoport, _op. cit._, pp. 70-77.
[47] Rappoport, p. 234.
[48] In his speech at Vaise, near Lyon, July 25, 1914, six days before
his death, he said: "Every people appears throughout the streets of
Europe carrying its little torch; and now comes the conflagration."
[49] Rappoport, p. 61.
[50] Rappoport p. 369-70.
[51] "Throughout the world there are six millions of us, organized
workmen, for whom the name of Jaurès was the incarnation of the noblest
and most complete aspiration.... I remember what he was for the workmen
of other countries. I see still the foreign delegates who awaited his
words before forming their final opinions; even when they were not in
agreement with him they were glad to approach his point of view. He was
more than the Word: he was the Conscience."
[52] Who has spoken more nobly than he of the eternal France, "the true
France, that is not summed up by an epoch or by a day, neither by the
day of long ago, nor the day that has just passed, but the whole of
France complete in the succession of her days, of her nights, of her
dawns, of her shadows, of her heights and of her depths; of France, who,
across all these mingled shades, all these half-lights and all these
vicissitudes, goes forward towards a brilliance which she has not yet
attained, but which is foreshadowed in her thought!" (1910.)