youth Ibrahim gave the boatman other ten dinars, the man took them,
saying, “I commit the affair to Allah the Almighty!” and fared on with
him down stream. When they came to the flower-garden, the youth sprang
out of the boat, in his joy, a spring of a spear’s cast from the land,
and cast himself down, whilst the boatman turned and fled. Then Ibrahim
fared forward and found all as it had been described by the Gobbo: he
also saw the garden-gate open, and in the porch a couch of ivory,
whereon sat a humpbacked man of pleasant presence, clad in gold-laced
clothes and hending in hand a silvern mace plated with gold. So he
hastened up to him and seizing his hand kissed it; whereupon asked the
hunchback, “Who art thou and whence comest thou and who brought thee
hither, O my son?” And indeed, when the man saw Ibrahim Khasib-son, he
was amazed at his beauty. He answered, “O uncle, I am an ignorant lad
and a stranger;” and he wept. The hunchback had pity on him and taking
him up on the couch, wiped away his tears and said to him, “No harm
shall come to thee. An thou be in debt, may Allah settle thy debt: and
if thou be in fear, may Allah appease thy fear!” Replied Ibrahim, “O
uncle, I am neither in fear nor am I in debt, but have money in plenty,
thanks to Allah.” Rejoined the other, “Then, O my son, what is thy need
that thou venturest thyself and thy loveliness to a place wherein is
destruction?” So he told him his story and disclosed to him his case,
whereupon the man bowed his head earthwards awhile, then said to him,
“Was he who directed thee to me the humpbacked tailor?” “Yes,” answered
Ibrahim, and the keeper said, “This is my brother, and he is a blessed
man!” presently adding, “But, O my son, had not affection for thee sunk
into my heart, and had I not taken compassion on thee, verily thou wert
lost, thou and my brother and the doorkeeper of the Khan and his wife.
For know that this flower-garden hath not its like on the face of the
earth and that it is called the Garden of the Wild Heifer,[316] nor hath
any entered it in all my life long, save the Sultan and myself and its
mistress Jamilah; and I have dwelt here twenty years and never yet saw
any else attain to this stead. Every forty days the Lady Jamilah cometh
hither in a bark and landeth in the midst of her women, under a canopy
of satin, whose skirts ten damsels hold up with hooks of gold, whilst
she entereth, and I see nothing of her. Natheless, I have but my life
and I will risk it for the sake of thee.” Herewith Ibrahim kissed his
hand and the keeper said to him, “Sit by me, till I devise somewhat for
thee.” Then he took him by the hand and carried him into the
flower-garden which, when he saw, he deemed it Eden, for therein were
trees intertwining and palms high towering and waters welling and birds
with various voices carolling. Presently, the keeper brought him to a
domed pavilion and said to him, “This is where the Lady Jamilah
sitteth.” So he examined it and found it of the rarest of pleasances,
full of all manner paintings in gold and lapis lazuli. It had four
doors, whereto man mounted by five steps, and in its centre was a
cistern of water, to which led down steps of gold all set with precious
stones. Amiddlewards the basin was a fountain of gold, with figures,
large and small, and water jetting in gerbes from their mouths; and
when, by reason of the issuing forth of the water, they attuned
themselves to various tones, it seemed to the hearer as though he were
in Eden. Round the pavilion ran a channel of water, turning a Persian
wheel[317] whose buckets[318] were silvern covered with brocade. To the
left of the pavilion[319] was a lattice of silver, giving upon a green
park, wherein were all manner wild cattle and gazelles and hares, and on
the right hand was another lattice, overlooking a meadow full of birds
of all sorts, warbling in various voices and bewildering the hearers’
wits. Seeing all this the youth was delighted and sat down in the
doorway by the gardener, who said to him, “How seemeth to thee my
garden?” Quoth Ibrahim, “’Tis the Paradise of the world!” Whereat the
gardener laughed. Then he rose and was absent awhile and presently
returned with a tray, full of fowls and quails and other dainties
including sweetmeats of sugar, which he set before Ibrahim, saying, “Eat
thy sufficiency.” So he ate his fill, whereat the keeper rejoiced and
cried, “By Allah, this is the fashion of Kings and sons of Kings[320]!”
Then said he, “O Ibrahim, what hast thou in yonder bag?” Accordingly he
opened it before him and the keeper said, “Carry it with thee; ’twill
serve thee when the Lady Jamilah cometh; for when once she is come, I
shall not be able to bring thee food.” Then he rose and taking the youth
by the hand, brought him to a place fronting the pavilion, where he made
him an arbour[321] among the trees and said to him, “Get thee up here,
and when she cometh thou wilt see her and she will not see thee. This is
the best I can do for thee and on Allah be our dependence! Whenas she
singeth, drink thou to her singing, and whenas she departeth thou shalt
return in safety whence thou camest, Inshallah!” Ibrahim thanked him and
would have kissed his hand, but he forbade him. Then the youth laid the
bag in the arbour and the keeper said to him, “O Ibrahim, walk about and
take thy pleasure in the garth and eat of its fruits, for thy mistress’s
coming is appointed to be to-morrow.” So he solaced himself in the
garden and ate of its fruits; after which he nighted with the keeper.
And when morning morrowed and showed its sheen and shone, he prayed the
dawn-prayer and presently the keeper came to him with a pale face, and
said to him, “Rise, O my son, and go up into the arbour: for the
slave-girls are come to order the place, and she cometh after
them;”——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her
permitted say.
Now when it was the Nine Hundred and Fifty-seventh Night,
She pursued, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the keeper
came to Ibrahim Khasib-son in the Garden he said to him, “Rise, O my
son, and go up into the arbour; for the slave-girls are come to order
the place and she cometh after them. So beware lest thou spit or sneeze
or blow thy nose[322]; else we are dead men, I and thou.” Hereupon
Ibrahim rose and went up into his nest, whilst the keeper fared forth,
saying, “Allah grant thee safety, O my son!” Presently behold, up came
four slave-girls, whose like none ever saw, and entering the pavilion,
doffed their outer dresses and washed it. Then they sprinkled it with
rose-water and incensed it with ambergris and aloes-wood and spread it
with brocade. After these came fifty other damsels, with instruments of
music, and amongst them Jamilah, within a canopy of red brocade, whose
skirts the handmaidens bore up with hooks of gold, till she had entered
the pavilion, so that Ibrahim saw naught of her nor of her raiment. So
he said to himself, “By Allah, all my travail is lost! But needs must I
wait to see how the case will be.” Then the damsels brought meat and
drink and they ate and drank and washed their hands, after which they
set her a royal chair and she sat down; and all played on instruments of
music and with ravishing voices incomparably sang. Presently, out ran an
old woman, a duenna, and clapped hands and danced, whilst the girls
pulled her about, till the curtain was lifted and forth came Jamilah
laughing. Ibrahim gazed at her and saw that she was clad in costly robes
and ornaments, and on her head was a crown set with pearls and gems.
About her long fair neck she wore a necklace of unions and her waist was
clasped with a girdle of chrysolite bugles, with tassels of rubies and
pearls. The damsels kissed ground before her, and, “When I considered
her” (quoth Ibrahim), “I took leave of my senses and wit and I was dazed
and my thought was confounded for amazement at the sight of loveliness
whose like is not on the face of the earth. So I fell into a swoon and
coming to myself, weeping-eyed, recited these two couplets:—
I see thee and close not mine eyes for fear ✿ Lest their lids prevent me
beholding thee:
An I gazed with mine every glance these eyne ✿ Ne’er could sight all the
loveliness moulding thee.”
Then said the old Kahramánah[323] to the girls, “Let ten of you arise
and dance and sing.” And Ibrahim when looking at them said in himself,
“I wish the lady Jamilah would dance.” When the handmaidens had made an
end of their pavane, they gathered round the Princess and said to her,
“O my lady, we long for thee to dance amongst us, so the measure of our
joy may be fulfilled, for never saw we a more delicious day than this.”
Quoth Ibrahim to himself, “Doubtless the gates of Heaven are open[324]
and Allah hath granted my prayer.” Then the damsels bussed her feet and
said to her, “By Allah, we never saw thee broadened of breast as
to-day!” Nor did they cease exciting her, till she doffed her outer
dress and stood in a shift of cloth of gold,[325] broidered with various
jewels, showing breasts which stood out like pomegranates and unveiling
a face as it were the moon on the night of fulness. Then she began to
dance, and Ibrahim beheld motions he had never in his life seen their
like, for she showed such wondrous skill and marvellous invention, that
she made men forget the dancing of bubbles in wine-cups and called to
mind the inclining of the turbands from head[326]-tops: even as saith of
her the poet[327]:—
A dancer whose form is like branch of Bán! ✿ Flies my soul well nigh as
his steps I greet:
While he dances no foot stands still and meseems ✿ That the fire of my
heart is beneath his feet.
And as quoth another[328]:—
A dancer whose figure is like a willow-branch: my soul almost quitteth
me at the sight of her movements.
No foot can remain stationary at her dancing, she is as though the fire
of my heart were beneath her feet.
Quoth Ibrahim:—As I gazed upon her, she chanced to look up and caught
sight of me whereupon her face changed and she said to her women, “Sing
ye till I come back to you.” Then, taking up a knife half a cubit long,
she made towards me, crying, “There is no Majesty and there is no Might
save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great!” Now when I saw this, I
well-nigh lost my wits; but, whenas she drew near me and face met face,
the knife dropped from her hand, and she exclaimed, “Glory to Him who
changeth men’s hearts!” Then said she to me, “O youth, be of good cheer,
for thou art safe from what thou dost fear!” Whereupon I fell to
weeping, and she to wiping away my tears with her hand and saying, “O
youth, tell me who thou art, and what brought thee hither.” I kissed the
ground before her and seized her skirt; and she said, “No harm shall
come to thee; for, by Allah, no male hath ever filled mine eyes[329] but
thyself! Tell me, then, who thou art.” So I recited to her my story from
first to last, whereat she marvelled and said to me, “O my lord, I
conjure thee by Allah, tell me if thou be Ibrahim bin al-Khasib?” I
replied, “Yes!” and she threw herself upon me, saying, “O my lord, ’twas
thou madest me averse from men; for, when I heard that there was in the
land of Egypt a youth than whom there was none more beautiful on earth’s
face, I fell in love with thee by report, and my heart became enamoured
of thee, for that which reached me of thy passing comeliness, so that I
was, in respect of thee, even as saith the poet:—
Mine ear forewent mine eye in loving him; ✿ For ear shall love before
the eye at times.
“So praised be Allah who hath shown thy face! But, by the Almighty, had
it been other than thou, I had crucified the keeper of the garden and
the porter of the Khan and the tailor and him who had recourse to them!”
And presently she added, “But how shall I contrive for somewhat thou
mayst eat, without the knowledge of my women?” Quoth I, “With me is
somewhat we may eat and drink;” and I opened the bag before her. She
took a fowl and began to morsel me and I to morsel her; which when I
saw, it seemed to me that this was a dream. Then I brought out wine and
we drank, what while the damsels sang on; nor did they leave to do thus
from morn to noon, when she rose and said, “Go now and get thee a boat
and await me in such a place, till I come to thee: for I have no
patience left to brook severance.” I replied, “O my lady, I have with me
a ship of my own, whose crew are in my hire, and they await me.”
Rejoined she, “This is as we would have it,” and returning to her
women,——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her
permitted say.
Now when it was the Nine Hundred and Fifty-eighth Night,
She resumed, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the Lady
Jamilah returned to her women, she said to them, “Come, let us go back
to our palace.” They replied, “Why should we return now, seeing that we
use to abide here three days?” Quoth she, “I feel an exceeding
oppression in myself, as though I were sick, and I fear lest this
increase upon me.”[330] So they answered, “We hear and obey,” and
donning their walking-dresses went down to the river-bank and embarked
in a boat; whereupon behold, the keeper of the garden came up to Ibrahim
and said to him, knowing not what had happened, “O Ibrahim, thou hast
not had the luck to enjoy the sight of her, and I fear lest she have
seen thee, for ’tis her wont to tarry here three days.” Replied Ibrahim,
“She saw me not nor I her; for she came not forth of the pavilion.”[331]
Rejoined the keeper, “True, O my son, for, had she seen thee, we were
both dead men: but abide with me till she come again next week, and thou
shalt see her and take thy fill of looking at her.” Replied the Prince,
“O my lord, I have with me money and fear for it: I also left men behind
me and I dread lest they take advantage of my absence.”[332] He
retorted, “O my son ’tis grievous to me to part with thee;” and he
embraced and farewelled him. Then Ibrahim returned to the Khan where he
lodged, and foregathering with the doorkeeper, took of him all his
property and the porter said, “Good news, Inshallah!”[333] But Ibrahim
said, “I have found no way to my want, and now I am minded to return to
my people.” Whereupon the porter wept; then taking up his baggage, he
carried them to the ship and abade him adieu. Ibrahim repaired to the
place which Jamilah had appointed him and awaited her there till it grew
dark, when, behold, she came up, disguised as a bully-boy with rounded
beard and waist bound with a girdle. In one hand she held a bow and
arrows and in the other a bared blade, and she asked him, “Art thou
Ibrahim, son of Al-Khasib, lord of Egypt?” “He I am,” answered the
Prince; and she said, “What ne’er-do-well art thou, who comest to
debauch the daughters of Kings? Come: speak with the Sultan.”[334]
Therewith (quoth Ibrahim) I fell down in a swoon and the sailors
died[335] in their skins for fear; but, when she saw what had betided
me, she pulled off her beard and throwing down her sword, ungirdled her
waist whereupon I knew her for the Lady Jamilah and said to her, “By
Allah, thou hast rent my heart in sunder!”[336] adding to the boatmen,
“Hasten the vessel’s speed.” So they shook out the sail and putting off,
fared on with all diligence; nor was it many days ere we made Baghdad,
where suddenly we saw a ship lying by the river-bank. When her sailors
saw us, they cried out to our crew, saying, “Ho, such an one and such an
one, we give you joy of your safety!” Then they drave their ship against
our craft and I looked and in the other boat beheld Abu al-Kasim
al-Sandalani who when he saw us exclaimed, “This is what I sought: go ye
in God’s keeping; as for me, I have a need to be satisfied!” Then he
turned to me and said, “Praised be Allah for safety! Hast thou
accomplished thine errand?” I replied, “Yes!” Now Abu al-Kasim had a
flambeau before him; so he brought it near our boat,[337] and when
Jamilah saw him, she was troubled and her colour changed: but, when he
saw her, he said, “Fare ye in Allah’s safety. I am bound to Bassorah, on
business for the Sultan; but the gift is for him who is present.”[338]
Then he brought out a box of sweetmeats, wherein was Bhang and threw it
into our boat: whereupon quoth I to Jamilah, “O coolth of mine eyes, eat
of this.” But she wept and said, “O Ibrahim, wottest thou who that is?”
and said I, “Yes, ’tis such an one.” Replied she, “He is my first
cousin, son of my father’s brother[339] who sought me aforetime in
marriage of my sire; but I would not accept of him. And now he is gone
to Bassorah and most like he will tell my father of us.” I rejoined, “O
my lady he will not reach Bassorah, till we are at Mosul.” But we knew
not what lurked for us in the Secret Purpose. Then (continued Ibrahim) I
ate of the sweetmeat, but hardly had it reached my stomach when I smote
the ground with my head; and lay there till near dawn, when I sneezed
and the Bhang issued from my nostrils. With this, I opened my eyes and
found myself naked and cast out among ruins; so I buffeted my face and
said in myself, “Doubtless this is a trick Al-Sandalani hath played me.”
But I knew not whither I should wend, for I had upon me naught save my
bag-trousers.[340] However, I rose and walked on a little, till I
suddenly espied the Chief of Police coming towards me, with a posse of
men with swords and targes;[341] whereat I took fright and seeing a
ruined Hammam hid myself there. Presently, my foot stumbled upon
something; so I put my hand to it, and it became befouled with blood. I
wiped my hand upon my bag-trousers, unknowing what had befouled it, and
put it out a second time, when it fell upon a corpse whose head came up
in my hand. I threw it down, saying, “There is no Majesty and there is
no Might save in Allah, the Glorious, the Great!”; and I took refuge in
one of the corner-cabinets of the Hammam. Presently the Wali stopped at
the bath-door and said, “Enter this place and search.” So ten of them
entered with cressets, and I of my fear retired behind a wall and
looking upon the corpse, saw it to be that of a young lady[342] with a
face like the full moon; and her head lay on one side and her body clad
in costly raiment on the other. When I saw this, my heart fluttered with
affright. Then the Chief of Police entered and said, “Search the corners
of the bath.” So they entered the place wherein I was, and one of them
seeing me, came up hending in hand a knife half a cubit long. When he
drew near me, he cried, “Glory be to God, the Creator of this fair face!
O youth, whence art thou?” Then he took me by the hand and said, “O
youth, why slewest thou this woman?” Said I, “By Allah, I slew her not,
nor wot I who slew her, and I entered not this place but in fear of
you!” And I told him my case, adding, “Allah upon thee, do me no wrong,
for I am in concern for myself!” Then he took me and carried me to the
Wali who, seeing the marks of blood on my hand said, “This needeth no
proof: strike off his head!”——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day
and ceased saying her permitted say.
Now when it was the Nine Hundred and Fifty-ninth Night,
She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that Ibrahim
continued:—Then they carried me before the Wali and he, seeing the
bloodstains on my hand, cried, “This needeth no proof: strike off his
head!” Now hearing these words, I wept with sore weeping the tears
streaming from my eyes and recited these two couplets[343]:—
We trod the steps that for us were writ, ✿ And whose steps are written
he needs must tread;
And whose death is decreed in one land to be ✿ He ne’er shall perish in
other stead.
Then I sobbed a single sob and fell a-swoon; and the headsman’s heart
was moved to ruth for me and he exclaimed, “By Allah, this is no
murtherer’s face!” But the Chief said, “Smite his neck.” So they seated
me on the rug of blood and bound my eyes; after which the sworder drew
his sword and asking leave of the Wali, was about to strike off my head,
whilst I cried out, “Alas, my strangerhood!” when lo and behold! I heard
a noise of horse coming up and a voice calling aloud, “Leave him! Stay
thy hand, O Sworder!” Now there was for this a wondrous reason and a
marvellous cause; and ’twas thus. Al-Khasib, Wazir of Egypt, had sent
his Head Chamberlain to the Caliph Harun al-Rashid with presents and a
letter, saying, “My son hath been missing this year past, and I hear
that he is in Baghdad; wherefore I crave of the bounty of the Viceregent
of Allah that he make search for tidings of him and do his endeavour to
find him and send him back to me with the Chamberlain.” When the Caliph
read the missive, he commanded the Chief of Police to search out the
truth of the matter, and he ceased not to enquire after Ibrahim, till it
was told him that he was at Bassorah, whereupon he informed the Caliph,
who wrote a letter to the viceroy and giving it to the Chamberlain of
Egypt, bade him repair to Bassorah and take with him a company of the
Wazir’s followers. So, of his eagerness to find the son of his lord, the
Chamberlain set out forthright and happened by the way upon Ibrahim, as
he stood on the rug of blood. When the Wali saw the Chamberlain, he
recognised him and alighted to him and as he asked, “What young man is
that and what is his case?” The Chief told him how the matter was and
the Chamberlain said (and indeed he knew him not for the son of the
Sultan[344]) “Verily this young man hath not the face of one who
murthereth.” And he bade loose his bonds; so they loosed him and the
Chamberlain said, “Bring him to me!” and they brought him, but the
officer knew him not his beauty being all gone for the horrors he had
endured. Then the Chamberlain said to him, “O youth, tell me thy case
and how cometh this slain woman with thee.” Ibrahim looked at him and
knowing him, said to him, “Woe to thee! Dost thou not know me? Am I not
Ibrahim, son of thy lord? Haply thou art come in quest of me.” With this
the Chamberlain considered him straitly and knowing him right well,
threw himself at his feet; which when the Wali saw, his colour changed;
and the Chamberlain cried to him, “Fie upon thee, O tyrant! Was it thine
intent to slay the son of my master Al-Khasib, Wazir of Egypt?” The
Chief of Police kissed his skirt, saying “O my lord,[345] how should I
know him? We found him in this plight and saw the girl lying slain by
his side.” Rejoined the Chamberlain, “Out on thee! Thou art not fit for
the office. This is a lad of fifteen and he hath not slain a sparrow; so
how should he be a murtherer? Why didst thou not have patience with him
and question him of his case?” Then the Chamberlain and the Wali cried
to the men, “Make search for the young lady’s murtherer.” So they
re-entered the bath and finding him, brought him to the Chief of Police,
who carried him to the Caliph and acquainted him with that which had
occurred. Al-Rashid bade slay the slayer and sending for Ibrahim, smiled
in his face and said to him, “Tell me thy tale and that which hath
betided thee.” So he recounted to him his story from first to last, and
it was grievous to the Caliph, who called Masrur his Sworder, and said
to him, “Go straightway and fall upon the house of Abu al-Kasim
al-Sandalani and bring me him and the young lady.” The eunuch went forth
at once and breaking into the house, found Jamilah bound with her own
hair and nigh upon death; so he loosed her and taking the painter,
carried them both to the Caliph, who marvelled at Jamilah’s beauty. Then
he turned to Al-Sandalani and said, “Take him and cut off his hands,
wherewith he beat this young lady; then crucify him and deliver his
monies and possessions to Ibrahim.” They did his bidding, and as they
were thus, behold, in came Abu al-Lays governor of Bassorah, the Lady
Jamilah’s father, seeking aid of the Caliph against Ibrahim bin
al-Khasib Wazir of Egypt and complaining to him that the youth had taken
his daughter. Quoth Al-Rashid, “He hath been the means of delivering her
from torture and slaughter.” Then he sent for Ibrahim, and when he came,
he said to Abu al-Lays, “Wilt thou not accept of this young man, son of
the Soldan of Egypt, as husband to thy daughter?” Replied Abu al-Lays,
“I hear and I obey Allah and thee, O Commander of the Faithful;”
whereupon the Caliph summoned the Kazi and the witnesses and married the
young lady to Ibrahim. Furthermore, he gave him all Al-Sandalani’s
wealth and equipped him for his return to his own country, where he
abode with Jamilah in the utmost of bliss and the most perfect of
happiness, till there came to them the Destroyer of delights and the
Sunderer of societies; and glory be to the Living who dieth not! They
also relate, O auspicious King, a tale anent
-----
Footnote 298:
The tale is not in the Bresl. Edit.
Footnote 299:
Al-Khasíb (= the fruitful) was the son of ’Abd al-Hamíd and intendant
of the tribute of Egypt under Harun al-Rashid, but neither Lord nor
Sultan. Lane (iii. 669) quotes three couplets in his honour by Abu
Nowás from p. 119 of “Elmacini (Al-Makín) Historia Saracenica.”
If our camel visit not the land of Al-Khasib, what man after Al-Khasib
shall they visit?
For generosity is not his neighbour; nor hath it sojourned near him;
but generosity goeth wherever he goeth:
He is a man who purchaseth praise with his wealth, and who knoweth
that the periods of Fortune revolve.
Footnote 300:
The old story “Alà júdi-k” = upon thy generosity, which means at least
ten times the price.
Footnote 301:
_i.e._ The distance is enormous.
Footnote 302:
A gazelle; but here the slave-girl’s name.
Footnote 303:
See vol. ii. 104. Herklots (Pl. vii. fig. 2) illustrates the cloth
used in playing the Indian game, Pachísí. The “board” is rather
European than Oriental, but it has of late years spread far and wide,
especially the backgammon board.
Footnote 304:
_i.e._ “Father of the Lion.”
Footnote 305:
Or as we should say, “Thy blood will be on thine own head.”
Footnote 306:
Called after the famous town in Persian Mesopotamia which however is
spelt with the lesser aspirate. See p. 144. The Geographical works of
Sádik-i-Ispaháni, London; Oriental Transl. Fund, 1882. Hamdan (with
the greater aspirate) and Hamdun mean only the member masculine, which
may be a delicate piece of chaff for the gallery.
Footnote 307:
Arab. “Hulwán al-miftáh,” for which see vol. vii. 212. Mr. Payne
compares it with the French denier à Dieu, given to the concierge on
like occasions.
Footnote 308:
Arab. ’Udm, a relish, the Scotch “kitchen,” Lat. Opsonium, Ital.
Companatico and our “by-meat.” See vol. iv. 128.
Footnote 309:
Arab. “Kabasa” = he shampoo’d. See vol. ii. 17.
Footnote 310:
Arab. “Nukl.” See supra p. 177.
Footnote 311:
Arab. Jannat al-Khuld and Firdaus, two of the Heavens repeatedly
noticed.
Footnote 312: