FINANCE MINISTER AND GOVERNOR
Mr. Tilley took up his residence in the old Government House,
Fredericton, and he must have been struck with the changed aspect
of affairs from that presented under the old regime, when
lieutenant-governors were appointed by the British government and sent
out from England to preside over the councils of a people of whom they
knew little or nothing. Most of these former governors had been military
men, more accustomed to habits of command than to deal with perplexing
questions of state. They looked with a very natural degree of impatience
on the attempts which the people of the province were making to get the
full control of their own affairs. Under the old regime the governor was
surrounded with military guards, and sentries paced the walks and
guarded the entrances to the Government House. The withdrawal of the
British troops from Canada before the lieutenant-governorship of Mr.
Tilley commenced relieved him of any embarrassment in regard to
dispensing with military guards and sentries; but all pretentious
accompaniments of authority were foreign to his nature, and he always
showed, by the severe simplicity of his life, that he felt he was one
of the people, and that it was his duty as well as his pleasure to
permit all who had any occasion to see him to have free access to him,
without the necessity of going through any formal process.
{THE PROTECTIONIST TARIFF}
When Mr. Tilley became lieutenant-governor of the province, he was
fifty-five years of age, and he seems to have thought that his political
career was ended, because, by the time his term of office expired in its
natural course, he would have reached the age of sixty, a period when a
man is not likely to make a new entrance into public life. But
circumstances, quite apart from any desire on his part, made it almost
necessary for him to change his determination, and during the summer of
1878, when the general election was imminent, he found himself pressed
by his old political friends to become once more the candidate of his
party for his old constituency, the city of St. John. There was great
enthusiasm amongst them when it was announced that he would comply with
their wishes, and that he had resigned the lieutenant-governorship. The
result of that general election is well known. The Liberal party, which
had succeeded to the government less than five years before with a large
majority in the House of Commons, experienced a severe defeat, and the
Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, seeing this, very properly did not await the
assembling of parliament, but sent in the resignation of the ministry,
and Sir John A. Macdonald was called upon to form a new government. In
the cabinet thus constructed Mr. Tilley resumed his old office of
minister of finance, and one of his first duties was to assist in the
framing of a new customs tariff which was to give effect to the
principle, upon which the election had been run, of protection to home
industries. This idea of protection had not been heard of in the
Canadian confederation as the policy of any political party until Sir
John A. Macdonald took it up about a year before the general election,
but it proved a winning card and was the means of giving the new
government a long lease of power.
Sir Leonard Tilley's speech in introducing the new tariff was well
received and made a strong impression upon all who heard it. It was
admitted, even by those who were opposed to the views he held, that he
showed a great mastery of the details, and that he illustrated in a very
clear manner the view that the country was suffering because the duties
imposed upon foreign goods were not sufficiently high to protect
Canadian manufactures.
It is not the intention of this volume to deal to any full extent with
the career of Sir Leonard Tilley during his second term of office as
minister of finance of Canada. To enter into that phase of his career
would be to relate the history of Canada, for he was but one member of
the government, and not its leader. It is admitted that, in respect to
financial questions, Sir Leonard showed the same ability that had
characterized his career during his previous term of office, and he was
looked upon by his colleagues as a man in whose judgment the utmost
confidence could be placed. At this time, however, his health began to
fail, and the disease which finally carried him off developed to such an
extent that he was told he must cease all active work or his days would
be shortened. Under these circumstances, it became necessary for him to
retire from the severe duties of his very responsible and laborious
office, and on October 31st, 1885, he was again appointed
lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, an office which he had filled with
so much acceptance between 1873 and 1878. Sir Leonard Tilley continued
lieutenant-governor during a second term, for almost eight years, or
until the appointment of the Hon. John Boyd to that position. He was
lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick for considerably more than twelve
years, a record which is not likely to be equalled by any future
lieutenant-governor for many years to come, if ever.
{SECOND TERM AS GOVERNOR}
There was no event of particular importance to distinguish Sir Leonard
Tilley's second term as lieutenant-governor. The Hon. Mr. Blair was
premier of New Brunswick during the whole period, and there was no
political crisis of any importance to alter the complexion of affairs.
The only event in connection with the governorship which is worthy of
being mentioned is the change that was made by the abandonment of the
old Government House, at Fredericton, as the residence of the
lieutenant-governor. This building had become antiquated, and in other
ways unsuitable for the occupancy of a lieutenant-governor, and its
maintenance involved a very large expenditure annually, which the
province was unable to afford. It was therefore determined that in
future the lieutenant-governor should provide his own residence, and
that the amount spent on the Government House annually should be saved.
Sir Leonard Tilley built a residence in St. John, in which he lived for
the remainder of his life, and the seat of government, so far as his
presence was concerned, was transferred to that city. Sir Leonard Tilley
was always on the most cordial terms with the various premiers who led
the government of New Brunswick during their terms of office. He knew
well the strict constitutional limits of his office, and was always
careful to confine his activities within their proper scope. The lessons
of responsible government which he had learned in his early youth, and
which had been the study of his manhood, enabled him to avoid those
pitfalls which beset the steps of earlier lieutenant-governors.
During Sir Leonard Tilley's last term of office, and after its close, he
abstained wholly from any interference with public affairs in the
Dominion, and although he still remained steadfastly attached to the
Liberal-Conservative party, he gave no outward sign of his desire for
their success. This neutral position which he assumed in political
matters had the effect of drawing towards him thousands of his
fellow-countrymen who, in former years, had been accustomed to regard
him with unfriendly feelings. They forgot the active political leader
and saw before them only the aged governor, whose venerable figure and
kindly face were so familiar at social or other gatherings, or whenever
work was to be done for any good cause. In this way Sir Leonard Tilley
grew to assume a new character in the public estimation, and at the time
of his death the regret was as great on the part of those who had been
his political opponents as among those who had been his associates in
political warfare. This was one of the most pleasing features of his
declining years, and one that gave him the greatest satisfaction,
because it enabled him to feel that he enjoyed the affectionate regard
of the whole body of the people.
Sir Leonard Tilley throughout his life gave great attention to his
religious duties. He was a devoted member of the Church of England, and
his attendance at its services was constant and regular. For several
years before his death he was connected with St. Mark's congregation,
and no cause, except severe bodily illness, was ever allowed to prevent
him from going to church on Sunday morning. On many occasions, when his
steps had grown feeble and his strength was failing, it was suggested to
him that he should drive to church, but he always replied that he would
walk to church as long as he had strength left to do so, and that he
would not have people harnessing up horses on the Sabbath Day on his
account. This resolution he maintained to the end of his life.
Sometimes, when he met an old acquaintance, as he toiled up the street
which led to his favourite church, he would cheerfully greet him by
saying, "John, this hill has grown steeper than it used to be," but he
climbed the hill to the end, and the last Sunday he was able to be out
of his bed he walked to church as usual. He also took a deep interest in
all humane and philanthropic objects as well as in the great work
connected with the spread of the Gospel. He was a constant attendant at
the annual meetings of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and was a
life member of that admirable association.
{HIS IMPERIAL HONOURS}
The honours that Sir Leonard Tilley received from Her Majesty, in
recognition of his great public services, were very gratifying to his
friends as well as to himself, and when he was made a Knight Commander
of St. Michael and St. George, in 1879, his temperance friends embraced
the first opportunity on his return to St. John to have a banquet in his
honour, at which he wore, for the first time in public, the insignia of
the knightly order of which he had become a member. There was probably
no public event in the whole course of his life which gave him greater
pleasure than this proof of the attachment of his old friends.
Sir Leonard's last visit to England was marked by an extremely gracious
invitation to visit the queen at Osborne, in the Isle of Wight. While he
and Lady Tilley were sojourning at Cowes a message was sent summoning
them to Osborne House, where they were received by Her Majesty in the
beautiful grounds that surround that palace. The Princess Louise and
Princess Beatrice, with an equerry in waiting, were the only other
persons present. After an interesting conversation they were permitted
to visit the private apartments of Her Majesty, and the Prince Consort's
farm.
Sir Leonard Tilley was first married in 1843 to Julia Ann, daughter of
the late James T. Hanford, who died in 1862. By her he had seven
children, two sons and five daughters. In 1867, he married Alice Starr,
daughter of the late Z. Chipman, of St. Stephen. By this marriage he had
two sons, Mr. Herbert C. Tilley, of the Imperial Trust Company, who
resides in St. John, and Mr. L. P. DeWolfe Tilley, barrister, who is
also a resident of St. John. These two sons, Herbert and Leonard, were
the prop and comfort of his declining years and were devoted wholly to
him to the end.
{LADY TILLEY}
Sir Leonard Tilley's second marriage was contracted at the time when he
was exchanging the limited field of provincial politics for the wider
sphere which confederation opened up to him in the parliament of Canada.
It was a fortunate union, for it gave him a helpmeet and companion who
was in full sympathy with him in all his hopes and feelings, and who was
singularly well qualified to preside over his household, which, in his
capacity of a minister of the Crown, had become, to a considerable
extent, a factor in the public life of Canada. Lady Tilley had a high
ideal of her duty as the wife of a cabinet minister and of the governor
of New Brunswick, and was not content to lead a merely ornamental life
or confine her energies within a narrow range. She saw many deficiencies
in our appliances for relieving human misery, and with a zeal which
could not be dampened, she sought to remedy them. The Victoria Hospital
at Fredericton is her work; hers also is the Nurses' Home in connection
with the Public Hospital in St. John, and the Reformatory for the care
of bad or neglected boys, who are in danger of becoming criminals if
they are not educated and disciplined when they are young. In every work
of philanthropy Lady Tilley has always taken not only an active, but a
leading part, and her position has enabled her to enlist in the cause of
humanity the energies of many who, under other circumstances, might not
have given their attention to philanthropic work.
Sir Leonard Tilley for many years had suffered from an incurable
disease, which had been mitigated by rest and medical treatment, but not
removed. It was the knowledge of the fact that his days would be
shortened if he continued in active political life that compelled him
to leave the government in 1885. For many years before his death the
malady had been so far subdued that it gave him comparatively little
trouble, but any unusual exertion on his part was almost certain to
arouse it again to activity, so that he was prevented on many occasions
from taking part in public functions which, under other circumstances,
he would have been glad to attend. Still, he always contrived to take
his daily walk, and few who saw him ever suspected that he was
constantly menaced by death. For three or four years before his decease
his strength had been failing, he stooped more as he walked, and it was
evident that he was not destined to enjoy many more years of life. Yet
during the spring of 1896 there was nothing whatever to indicate that
the end was so near, for he went about as usual, and was able to preside
at the annual meeting of the Loyalist Society which was held during the
last week in May. On that evening he appeared very bright and cheerful,
and he entered with much interest into the discussion of the details of
an outing which it was proposed the society should hold during the
summer. "Man proposes, God disposes." Sir Leonard had gone to Rothesay
early in June to spend a few weeks in that pleasant spot, and he
appeared to be in his usual health until the night of June 10th, when he
began to suffer great pain from a slight cut which he had received in
the foot. The symptoms became alarming and gave indications of blood
poisoning, a condition due to the disease from which he had suffered so
many years. On June 11th, he was taken to Carleton House, his town
residence, and from that time the doctors gave no hope of his recovery.
It was one of the sad features of his illness that his life-long friend
and physician for many years, Dr. William Bayard, was unable to attend
him, being himself confined to his bed by illness.
{LAST ILLNESS AND DEATH}
After Sir Leonard Tilley reached his home in St. John he never rallied,
and he was well aware that his end was near. He was attended by Dr.
Inches and Dr. Murray McLaren, but he was beyond medical aid, and
therefore the people of St. John, for several days before the event took
place, were aware that their foremost citizen was dying. The time was
one of great excitement, for the general election was near, yet the eyes
of thousands were turned from the moving panorama of active life which
passed before them to the silent chamber where the dying statesman was
breathing his last. The regret and sympathy that was expressed was
universal, and in their kindly words those who had been his life-long
political opponents were not behind those who had been his friends. Sir
Leonard Tilley died at three o'clock on the morning of June 25th, the
second day after the general election which brought about the defeat of
the party with which he had been so long identified.
{HIS EMINENT SERVICES}
His death evoked expressions of sympathy and regret from all parts of
the empire and from many states of the union. The letters and telegrams
of condolence which Lady Tilley received during the first days of her
widowhood would of themselves fill a volume, showing how widely he was
known and respected. The funeral, which took place on the Saturday
following his death, was one of the largest ever seen in St. John, and
was attended by the Board of Trade, the Loyalist Society, the various
temperance organizations, the members of the provincial government, and
a vast concourse of prominent citizens. The services took place at St.
John's Episcopal Church, and were conducted by the rector, the Rev. John
deSoyres, assisted by the Rev. R. P. McKim, rector of St. Luke's Church,
with which Sir Leonard had been identified in his earlier years. The
interment took place in the Rural Cemetery. Many references to the
decease of this eminent man were made from the pulpits of St. John and
other parts of the province on the Sunday following his death, and all
the newspapers had long notices of the event and editorials on his life
and character. We may fittingly close this work by quoting a portion of
what was said of him by the St. John _Telegraph_, a paper that was
politically opposed to him for many years:--
"It is greatly to the honour of Sir Leonard Tilley that no scandal,
public or private, was ever attached to his name. A consistent
temperance man to the end of his life, he was faithful to the cause
which he had espoused when he was young, and he enjoyed the confidence
and received the steady support of a vast majority of the temperance men
of the province, who looked upon him as their natural leader. His
capacity for friendship was great, and his friends might be numbered by
thousands, for he had a peculiar faculty of strongly attracting men to
himself. This may be ascribed, in part, to the magnetism of a buoyant
and strong nature, but it was more largely due to the extreme simplicity
of his character, which remained wholly unspoiled by the favours which
fortune had showered upon him. No man, however humble, had any
difficulty in obtaining an interview with Sir Leonard Tilley; he was
every inch a gentleman, and was, therefore, as polite to the poorest
labourer as to the richest in the land. Such a man could not fail to be
loved even by those who had been his most bitter opponents in former
years, when he was in active political life.
"It is one of the drawbacks of this human life that the wise, the
learned, the good, and those whom we most love and honour, grow old and
feeble, fall by the wayside and pass away. So while we lament the death
of Sir Leonard Tilley, we must recognize it as an event that was
inevitable, and which could not long have been postponed. His lifework
was done; his labours were ended; his active and brilliant career was
closed; he was but waiting for the dread summons which sooner or later
must come to all. The summons has come, and he has gone from among us
forever. His venerable, noble face will no longer be seen on our
streets, his kindly greeting will no longer be heard. But his memory
will live, not only in the hearts of all his countrymen, but enshrined
in the history of this his native province, and of the great Dominion
which he did so much to create, and which he so fondly loved."
INDEX
INDEX
A
Allen, Hon. John C., solicitor-general, 183;
opposes confederation, 228;
becomes attorney-general, 233;
appointed a judge, 235
Anglin, Hon. Timothy W., opposes confederation, 227, 233;
differences with his colleagues, 236;
resigns from the government, 237
Aroostook War, 135
Ashburton Treaty, 195
Assembly, House of, its composition and powers, 6;
Wilmot's college bill introduced in, 51;
its passage through the House, 52-6
B
Babbitt, Samuel, teacher of the Madras School, 147
Baillie, Thomas, retires with a pension, 116
Ballot Law passed, 189
Beckwith, John A., member for York, 250
Bernard, Lieutenant-Colonel Hewitt, secretary of the confederation
delegations, 263
Blair, Hon. Andrew G., premier of New Brunswick, 280
Bliss, Hannah, mother of L. A. Wilmot, 3, 4
Botsford, Hon. Bliss, surveyor-general, 233
Bounties, disallowed by British government, 118
Boyd, Hon. John, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 280
British North America Act, the, comes into force, 269
Brown, George, agrees to support confederation, 211
Brown, James, surveyor-general, 174
C
Campbell, Sir Archibald, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 23, 27;
refuses information to the House, 28;
censured by the assembly, 29;
dissolves the assembly, 29;
opposes the civil list arrangement, 44
Carleton, Thomas, governor of New Brunswick, 5
Carnarvon, Lord, his interest in confederation, 264
Carter, Sir James, appointed a judge, 74;
appointed chief-justice, 130;
resigns the chief-justiceship, 235
Cartier, Hon. George E., minister of militia, 271
Casual and territorial revenue, _see_ Crown lands
Chandler, Edward B., a delegate to England in reference to the Crown
lands, 24;
enters the government, 72;
resigns, 76;
goes to England on behalf of the Intercolonial Railway, 168, 196;
confederation delegate to England, 262
Chipman, Ward, chief-justice, 74;
resigns, 129
Church of England, its predominant influence, 7
Civil list, the, paid in part by the Crown land revenue, 21, 25;
the Civil List Bill, 43;
the bill passed, 47
Clark, Rev. Samuel, rector of Gagetown, 147
Colebrooke, Sir William, lieutenant-governor, 76;
appoints Alfred Reade secretary, 76;
censured by the assembly, 101
Confederation, 201, 202;
proposed in Lord Durham's Report, 203;
discussed in 1858, 205;
not favoured by Lord Derby's government, 205;
D'Arcy McGee's party visits the Maritime Provinces, 209;
crisis in the government of Canada, 209, 210;
Canadian statesmen at the Charlottetown conference, 217-19;
the Quebec scheme, 222;
unfavourably received in New Brunswick, 223-5;
the general election of 1865, 226-9;
defeat of, 231;
recommended in the speech from the throne, 242;
carried at the general election of 1866, 249-51;
resolutions in its favour carried in the legislature, 260, 262;
delegation sent to England to arrange details of, 262;
delay in arrival of Canadian delegates, 263;
meeting in London, 263;
discussion of the terms of union, 264;
Confederation Act passed by parliament, 265;
the union of the provinces proclaimed, 269
Connell, Hon. Charles, postmaster-general, circumstances which led to
his resignation, 191-2;
member for Carleton, 231;
becomes a member of the Mitchell-Wilmot government, 247;
reelected for Carleton, 249
Cook, Dr. Henry, 149
Council, executive, its composition, 48, 72;
reorganized, 116
Council, legislative, 5;
rejects the college bill, 52, 53;
its obstructive character, 67;
its conduct condemned by the assembly, 68;
changes in its composition, 69;
favours confederation, 244
Crane, William, a delegate to England with an address to His Majesty, 41
Crown lands, revenues from, 6;
dissatisfaction with the management of, 18-21;
used to pay the civil list, 21, 22;
control of, made the subject of an address to the king, 23;
a deputation sent to England, 24;
the surrender of the revenues by His Majesty proposed, 25-7, 35-7;
another address to the king, 37, 38;
control of, surrendered to the province, 47
Custom-house system, imperial, discarded, 175, 176
Customs duties, 6, 16, 17, 18, 38, 39
D
DesBrisay, L. P. W., seconds Fisher's amendment to the address in reply
to the speech from the throne, 244
Douglas, Sir Howard, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 50, 51, 148
Dow, Dr., member for York, 250
E
Education, unsatisfactory condition of, in New Brunswick, 83-5;
the Madras system, 86-8;
Wilmot's speech on, 88-91
F
Family Compact, the, 13, 110
Fees, on land grants, 14
Fenians, threaten to invade Canada, 240, 241;
invade New Brunswick, 247;
Doran Killian, leader of, 247;
troops called out to oppose them, 248;
their invasion a fiasco, 249
Fisher, Hon. Charles, member for York, 47;
reelected for York, 102;
moves a want of confidence resolution, 103;
his resolution defeated, 111;
enters the government, 116;
defeated in York, 128;
his services to the Liberal party, 154;
moves a want of confidence resolution, 172, 173;
joins the new government as attorney-general, 174;
retires from the government, 193;
reelected for York, 194;
elected on the confederation ticket for York, 237;
moves an amendment to the address in reply to the speech from the
throne, 244;
becomes attorney-general, 247;
moves a confederation resolution, 257, 258;
a confederation delegate to England, 262;
elected for York in the first parliament of united Canada, 273
Fraser, John J., opposes confederation, 228
G
Gagetown, birthplace of Sir Leonard Tilley, 146
Galt, Hon. A. T., in favour of confederation, 205;
minister of finance, 271
Gilbert, Thomas, advocates agricultural schools, 162
Gillmor, Hon. A. H., provincial secretary, 233
Gladstone, Right Hon. W. E., 199
Glenelg, Lord, colonial secretary, 42, 61
Glenie, James, an early Reformer, 13
Gordon, Arthur Hamilton, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, opposed
to confederation, 239;
his change of views, 240;
the confederation paragraph in his speech from the throne, 242;
differences with his government, 242
Government, responsible, the demand for, 99-111;
granted, 113-16
Gray, Hon. John H., 152;
supports the government, 160;
becomes a member of the government, 165;
appointed attorney-general, 183;
favours confederation, 227;
elected for St. John County, 251;
speaker of the assembly, 256;
again elected for St. John in the parliament of 1867, 273
Gray-Wilmot government, formed, 183;
defeated, 184
Grey, Earl, colonial secretary, on tenure of office, 113;
disallows hemp bounty bill, 118
Grievances, committee on, appointed, 24
H
Hamilton, Peter S., his articles advocating confederation, 207
Hanington, Hon. D. L., speaker, 172
Hannay, James, his articles in favour of confederation, 207
Harding, James A., elected for the city of St. John, 167
Harvey, Sir John, lieutenant-governor, 47, 113
Hatheway, Hon. George L., opposes confederation, 228;
joins the anti-confederation government, 233;
retires from the contest in York, 250
Hazen, Hon. Robert L., on responsible government, 63;
enters the government, 72;
resigns, 76
Head, Sir Edmund, lieutenant-governor, 129
Hill, George S., member for Charlotte, 66
Howe, Hon. Joseph, a delegate to England in connection with the
Intercolonial Railway, 107;
advocates confederation, 204
Humbert, Mr., opposes responsible government, 64
Hutchinson, Richard, 234
J
Jenkins, William, teacher of the Gagetown grammar school, 147
Johnson, Hon. John M., solicitor-general, 174;
confederation delegate to England, 262;
opposes county courts bill, 267
Johnston, Hon. Hugh, enters the government, 72;
resigns, 76
K
Kerr, George, member for Northumberland, 249
King's College, 49;
its illiberal charter, 50;
bill to amend it defeated, 52;
passed, 56, 163;
reorganized and becomes University of New Brunswick, 190
Kinnear, Hon. William B., solicitor-general, 116
L
Legislature of New Brunswick, called together in 1866, 256;
its session of 1867, 266
Leonard, Samuel, 147
_Loyalist_, newspaper, its proprietors arrested, 75 (note)
M
Macdonald, Sir John A., chairman of the confederation delegation, 263;
forms the first Dominion cabinet, 270
McClelan, Hon. A. R., chief commissioner of public works, 247;
reelected for Albert County, 249
McGee, Thomas D'Arcy, favours confederation, 207;
lectures in St. John, 207;
brings a party to visit the Maritime Provinces, 209
McMillan, Hon. John, surveyor-general, elected for Restigouche, 231;
becomes postmaster-general, 247
McPhelim, Francis, postmaster-general, 183
Manners-Sutton, Hon. H. T., lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick,
dissolves the House of Assembly, 180
Maritime union movement, 211-13;
the Charlottetown conference, 215
Marriage laws, 14, 15
Meade, General, 249
Metcalfe, Sir Charles, governor-general of Canada, 74;
his unconstitutional stand, 74;
his views approved by the New Brunswick assembly, 74
Mitchell, Hon. Peter, member of the legislative council, 246;
supports confederation, 246;
called on to form a government, 246;
forms the Mitchell-Wilmot government, 247;
confederation delegate to England, 262;
becomes minister of marine, 271
Monck, Viscount, governor-general of Canada, 265
Money grants, initiation of, 48
Montgomery, John, enters the government, 72;
surveyor-general, 183
Morgan, Elizabeth, great grandmother of Sir Leonard Tilley, 145
N
Needham, W. H., member for York, 152;
his ability and character, 154;
opposes confederation, 228
Newcastle, Duke of, colonial secretary, 197
O
Odell, Hon. William Franklin, death of, 75
Odell, Hon. William H., postmaster-general, 233, 234
Office, tenure of, 57;
Lord John Russell's despatch, 57;
resolution of assembly thereon, 60
P
Palmerston, Lord, his government in office during confederation
negotiations, 206
Parker, Hon. Robert, becomes chief-justice, 235
Parliament of Canada, its first meeting, 273
Partelow, Hon. John R., member for St. John County, 65;
on money appropriations, 93;
becomes provincial secretary, 116;
his ability as a business man, 157
Peters, Colonel Harry, speaker of the assembly, 148
Peters, Susan Ann, mother of Sir Leonard Tilley, 146
Peters, William, grandfather of Sir Leonard, 146
Peto, Brassy and Betts, propose to construct New Brunswick railways, 167-9
Pickard, John, defeated in York, 237
Portland Railway Convention, 119;
L. A. Wilmot's speech at, 120
Prohibitory liquor law, 176-8;
its failure, 180
Putnam, Charles S., barrister, 11
R
Railways, European and North American, proposed, 168;
its progress, 186;
completed to Shediac, 187, 188;
Intercolonial, building of, proposed, 168, 195;
delegations sent to England to obtain assistance, 169, 196-8;
discussed in parliament, 187;
a meeting held in Quebec to consider the offer of the British
government, 198;
a committee is sent to England to arrange the terms of the guarantee
but fail to come to an agreement, 199, 200;
its construction secured by confederation, 264
Reade, Alfred, appointed provincial secretary, 76;
his appointment condemned by the assembly, 79;
the appointment cancelled, 80
Reciprocity treaty, discussed, 170, 171;
bill passed, 175
Ritchie, Hon. William J., member for the county of St. John, 152;
his great ability, 155;
moves a want of confidence resolution, 160;
complains of the conduct of the governor and the colonial office, 164;
resigns his seat, 166;
reelected for St. John, 172;
joins the Fisher government, 175;
becomes chief-justice, 236
Robinson, F. P., auditor of the king's casual revenue, 34
Russell, Lord John, colonial secretary, 53;
on the King's College charter, 54;
on tenure of office, 114
S
Salaries, official, 61;
reduction proposed by Wilmot, 62
Saunders, Hon. John Simcoe, advocate-general, 34
Simonds, Hon. Charles, a delegate to England with the grievances of New
Brunswick, 24;
elected speaker, 160;
resigns his seat, 166;
again elected speaker, 183
Skinner, Hon. C. N., favours confederation, 227;
member for St. John city, 251
Smith, Hon. Albert J., joins the Fisher government, 175;
forms an anti-confederation government, 232;
differences with the lieutenant-governor, 242;
his government resigns, 245;
moves an amendment to confederation resolutions, 260
Smith, William O., mayor of St. John, 149
Stanley, Lord, colonial secretary, 53;
on King's College charter, 53, 54;
on the Reade appointment, 80;
on money grants, 92
Steadman, Hon. James, postmaster-general, 193
Steeves, Hon. William H., joins the Fisher government, 175
Street, Hon. George F., solicitor-general, 34;
a delegate to England in connection with the Civil List Bill, 45
Street, Hon. John Ambrose, attorney-general, 161
Street-Partelow government, defeated, 173
Sutton, Richard, 249
T
Tilley, James, grandfather of Sir Leonard, 145
Tilley, Lady, 284;
her charitable work, 285
Tilley, Samuel, great-grandfather of Sir Leonard, 143
Tilley, Samuel Leonard, birth and ancestry, 143;
at the Madras School, 147;
at the grammar school, 147;
removes to St. John, 149;
enters a drug store as clerk, 149;
becomes a total abstainer, 150;
begins business on his own account, 150;
elected to the House of Assembly as member for St. John, 152;
resigns his seat, 166;
reelected for St. John, 172;
becomes provincial secretary, 174;
defeated on the prohibition question, 183;
again elected for St. John, 185;
a delegate to England in regard to the Intercolonial Railway, 196;
a delegate to Quebec to consider the offer of the British
government, 198;
second delegation to England, 199;
at the Quebec conference, 219-22;
defeated in St. John city, 231;
resigns with his colleagues, 232;
declines to form a new government, 247;
becomes provincial secretary, 247;
reelected for St. John city, 251;
his efforts for confederation, 252;
his ability as a speaker, 255;
supports the confederation resolutions, 258, 259;
confederation delegate to England, 262;
presented to Her Majesty, 266;
becomes minister of customs, 272;
elected to parliament for St. John city, 273;
made a Companion of the Bath, 274;
his standing in the House of Commons, 274;
becomes minister of finance, 275;
elected to the second parliament, 275;
appointed lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 275;
resigns the governorship, 278;
again becomes finance minister, 279;
introduces a protectionist tariff, 279;
again appointed lieutenant-governor, 280;
resides in St. John, 281;
his simple habits, 281;
his popularity, 282;
a member of the Church of England, 282;
made a K.C.M.G., 283;
his marriages, 284;
visits Her Majesty at Osborne, 284;
his children, 284;
suffers from an incurable disease, 285;
his last illness, 286;
death, 287;
funeral, 288;
tributes of respect, 288
Tilley, Thomas Morgan, father of Sir Leonard, 145
_Trent_ affair, 197
U
United States, their attitude towards Canada, 254
V
Vankoughnet, Hon. P. M., a delegate to England in regard to the
Intercolonial Railway, 197
W
Wark, David, his bounty resolutions, 118
Watters, Hon. Charles, an advocate of confederation, 226
Weldon, Hon. John W., speaker of the assembly, 65;
on money grants, 94;
appointed a judge, 236
Wetmore, Hon. A. R., opposes confederation, 226;
opposes anti-confederation government, 243;
reelected for St. John city, 251
William IV., objects to alienation of Crown lands, 22;
dismisses the Liberal government, 37
Williston, Hon. Edward, solicitor-general, 247;
reelected for Northumberland, 249
Wilmot, Benjamin, first of the name in America, 3
Wilmot, Hon. Robert Duncan, 152;
his change of principle, 156;
supports the government, 160;
becomes surveyor-general, 165;
reelected in St. John, 166;
becomes provincial secretary, 183;
opposes confederation, 227;
dissatisfied with the government, 235;
resigns in January, 1866, 236;
forms a new government with Mitchell, 247;
reelected for St. John County, 251;
confederation delegate to England, 262
Wilmot, Lemuel, grandfather of L. A. Wilmot, 3
Wilmot, Lemuel Allan, birth, 2;
ancestry, 3;
education, 10;
studies law, 11;
his interest in politics, 11;
his knowledge of French, 12;
an officer of militia, 12;
elected to the assembly for York, 31;
takes his seat, 32;
his eloquence, 33;
zeal for reform, 34;
on custom house salaries, 38;
a delegate to the colonial office in connection with provincial
affairs, 41;
arranges terms with the British government, 43;
second delegation to England, 46;
reelected for York, 47;
engaged in the reform of King's College charter, 49-52;
bill rejected by council, 52;
resolutions thereon, 54;
the college bill passed, 56;
proposes a reduced scale of salaries, 62, 63;
nominated for the speakership, 66;
reelected for York, 66;
becomes a member of the government, 72, 73;
resigns in consequence of the Reade appointment, 76;
his reasons, 77;
advocates improved schools, 88;
in favour of free schools, 90;
an advocate of the initiation of money grants, 91, 94-7;
bids farewell to the House, 102;
reelected for York, 103;
his speech on the want of confidence resolution, 103-11;
becomes attorney-general, 116;
his oratory, 119;
at the Portland Railway Convention, 120;
his views on railway legislation, 126;
opposes the Shediac Railway, 127;
his bill for the reduction of salaries defeated in the legislative
council, 127;
decline of popularity, 128;
appointed a judge, 130;
Fenety's estimate of, 131;
appointed lieutenant-governor, 133;
his religious views, 133;
as a lecturer, 134;
takes part in the Aroostook War, 135;
his love of flowers, 136;
illness and death, 137;
character and achievements, 137-9
Wilmot, William, father of L. A. Wilmot, 3;
a Baptist local preacher, 10;
member of the House of Assembly in 1816, 10