at the Battle of Passchendaele, 242;
the 28th, at the Battle of the Somme, 96;
the 197th, 188
Machine-Guns, bombardment, 27;
value of, 72
Machine-Gunners, gallantry, 311
Macintosh, Padre Smith, 393
Mackensen, General von, 86, 152
Mackenzie, Lieut.-Colonel A. F., commanding 10th A. & S.H., 6, 405;
wounded, 55
Mackenzie, Maj.-General C. J., commanding Ninth Division, 6, 402;
in France, 8
Maclean, Lieut.-Colonel H. D. N., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 6, 35, 228
_note_, 405;
leaves, 256 _note_
MacLear, Lieut.-Colonel R., commanding 9th Divisional Train, 404
MacLeod, Lieut.-Colonel D. M., commanding 4th South African Regiment,
101, 406;
wounded, 144
MacNamara, Major, 130
MacPherson, Major J. E., 12th Royal Scots, 111, 204 _note_;
wounded, 214 _note_
Madagascar Trench, attack on, 26, 34;
shelled, 51, 53
Mad Point shelled, 53
Maedelstede, 305;
Farm, 302
Magdeburg Corps, the 7th and 8th Divisions, bombardment of Delville
Wood, 130
Maison Blanche Wood, 196, 198
Maltz Horn Ridge, 100
Mametz Wood, 151, 153, 286
Manancourt, 271, 273
Mangin, General, defeats the Germans, 334
Manhattan Farm, 351
Mariecourt, 277
Marne, the, 319;
victory of, 86
Marrières Wood, 276, 277
Marshall, Lieut.-Colonel F. J. commanding 7th Seaforths, 63, 404
Marshall, General, Campaign in Mesopotamia, 248, 335
Martinpuich, 282
Matthews, Lieut., 190;
missing, 191
Matthias, Lieut.-Colonel T. G., commanding Newfoundland Regiment,
333, 406
Maubeuge, 20
Maude, General, 224
Maurepas, 277
Maxse, General Sir Ivor, commanding XVIII. Corps, 238
Maxwell, Brig.-General F. A., V.C., commanding 27th Brigade, 170,
203, 403;
killed, 236;
characteristics, 236
McDiarmid, Major, 369
M’Fadyen, Private, gallantry, 55
McHardy, Lieut.-Colonel A. A.; A.A. & Q.M.G., Ninth Division, 31,
391, 402
McHardy, Sergeant J., kilt blows away, 17
McKinley, Captain S., killed, 376
McLean, Lieut.-Colonel C. W. W., commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A., 407;
at the Battle of Loos, 43
Meaulte, 135, 286, 289
Medical Aid Posts, 30
Meister, Rev. C. G., killed, 306
Menin, 348
Mericourt L’Abbé, 287
Merris, 74;
captured, 328
Mesnil-en-Arrouaise, 275
Mesopotamia, military operations in, 87, 248
Messines Ridge, 299;
captured, 224, 301
Meteren, 320; captured, 306;
attack on, 323-326
Meulewijk, 379
Meurchin, 21
Meuse, the, 354, 382
Middle Farm, 300
Middlesex Regiment, 218 _note_
Military Service Act, extension, 318
Mill Cot, 336
Mills No. 5 Bomb, 14
Mines, explosion of, 67, 148
Mining, method of, 71
“Minnies,” or German Trench Mortars, 16
Mitchell’s Farm, 235
Moeuvres, 258
Mogg Farm, 356;
attack on, 359
Moislains, 268, 270, 272
Molenhoek Ridge captured, 342
Monastir recaptured, 152
Monchy Breton, 189, 213
Moncrieff, Brig.-General W. Scott, commanding 27th Brigade, 6, 403
Monro, General Sir C., commanding First Army, 144 _note_
Montauban, 284;
captured, 96
Mont des Cats, 306, 320
Montefiore, Major C. S., commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 7, 408
Moorslede, 344;
captured, 345
Morchies, 264
Morrison, Corporal, 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers, 17
Morval, 153, 281, 282;
captured, 282
Mosscrop, 2nd Lieut., 222
Motor Machine-Gun Battery, the 11th, 364;
the 19th, 96
Motor Machine-Gun Brigade, the 7th, 374
Moulin du Vivier, 287
Mount Pleasant Wood captured, 202
Mountain Battery, No. 7, action at Fosse 8, 47
Mudie, Lieut.-Colonel T. C., G.S.O.I., Ninth Division, 253, 380, 402
Muirhead, Lieut.-Colonel M., commanding 51st Bde. R.F.A., 407
Mulheim, 386
Munro, Major C. D., commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 408
Murray, Lieut.-Colonel J., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 321 _note_,
405;
captures Steenbeek village, 364
Murray, 2nd Lieut., 12th Royal Scots, stalks a patrol, 17
Nairne, Lieut.-Colonel C. S., commanding 2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers,
406
Napoleon, Emperor, defeat of, 1
_National Review_, article in, 271 _note_
Nationalism, development of, 2
Neerhof captured, 359
Neuve Eglise, 297;
captured, 306
“Never-ending Road,” 146
Newfoundland Regiment, the, join the Ninth Division, 333;
advance on Keiberg Spur, 344;
repulse the Germans, 355;
capture Vichte, 375
New Zealand Division, at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239, 242
Nicol, Major W. H., A.D.V.S., Ninth Division, 8
Nieppe, 75;
factory blown up, 14;
Château le, 12
Nieuport, 224, 249
Nieuwe Kruiseecke Cross Roads, 342
Nineteenth Division, at Wytschaete, 297, 298;
relieved, 306
Ninety-ninth Brigade, the, 271, 274;
attack on, 274;
at Rocquigny, 276
Ninth Division, composition, 6-8;
changes in Command, 8;
training, 8-11, 18, 74, 84, 172, 219, 251;
message from King George V., 11, 395;
at St Omer, 12, 319;
instruction in bombing, 13;
at Busnes, 15, 18;
Vermelles, 19, 24;
preparations for the Battle of Loos, 21-31;
frontage, 23;
equipment for battle, 31;
mistakes, 58;
at Bethune, 61;
casualties, 61, 62, 125, 136, 138, 139, 218, 302, 380, 396, 409;
tributes to, 61, 111 _note_, 140, 245 _note_, 280 _note_, 291, 314
_note_, 316, 353 _note_, 370 _note_;
reorganisation, 62, 81, 251;
_esprit de corps_, 62;
ordered to the Salient, 64;
School at Poperinghe, 66;
at Zillebeke, 67;
relieved, 73, 74, 135, 166, 213, 218, 223, 238, 251, 289, 312, 380;
at Merris, 74;
football matches, 75;
at Ploegsteert Wood, 75;
development of the offensive spirit, 77;
sniping, 78;
at Bomy, 84;
at the Battle of the Somme, 95;
of Longueval, 103, 105;
night attack, 104, 109-111;
artillery arrangements, 106-108;
use of the “creeping” barrage, 107;
position, 119;
at Pont Remy, 144;
transferred to the IV. Corps, 144, 220;
join the III. Corps, 150;
transferred to the Third Army, 169;
at St Pol, 169;
Arras, 172;
transferred to the XVII. Corps, 181;
plan of attack on Arras, 184;
at the Battles of Arras, 193-199, 202-205, 207-211, 214-218;
at Hermaville, 205;
Ruellecourt, 213, 218;
Canal du Nord, 220;
attack on Passchendaele, 228, 239-243;
at Arneke, 238;
Brake Camp, 238;
Ypres, 245;
spirit of the men, 246, 314, 380, 394-396;
at Nieuport, 249;
Péronne, 249;
transferred to the VII. Corps, 250;
at Villers, 253;
Chapel Hill, 264;
retreat, 267;
reinforcements, 283, 294;
at Meaulte, 286;
strength, 288;
disciplined valour of the retreat, 290;
at Wytschaete, 293;
the Comines Canal, 296;
attack on Wytschaete, 297, 304;
dispositions, 307;
defence of Wytschaete, 308-314;
at Meteren, 320;
raids, 321-323, 328;
outbreak of trench fever, 322;
preparations for the attack on Meteren, 323-325;
Parade Service, 329;
white metal thistle, 329;
attack on Hoegenacker Ridge, 329-331;
at Wardrecques, 332;
in the Flanders camp, 336;
transferred to the II. Corps, 336;
ordered to attack Keiberg Spur, 343;
attack on Ledeghem, 348;
on Courtrai, 355;
reorganises at Harlebeke, 383;
reviewed by King Albert, 383;
march to Cologne, 384-386;
bridgehead duties, 387;
Colours presented to, 390;
demobilised, 390;
work of the various Branches, 391;
Ordnance Department, 392;
the Padres, 393;
record of Battles, 393;
Canteens, 416
Nivelle, General, in command of the French armies, 182;
failure in the Aisne, 223
Noble, 2nd Lieut. A., 115
Noordemdhoek, 336
Noote Boom, 12
Nord, Canal du, 220, 273
Norman, Captain F. K., commanding 106th A.S.C., 7
North House, 304, 305, 307
North Street, 103, 117
Northamptons, the, at the defence of the Fosse, 49
Northey, Lieut.-Colonel A. C., commanding 9th Scottish Rifles, 6, 63
Northey, Lieut.-Colonel H. H., commanding 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers,
6, 405
“Nose,” the, 157; attack on, 160, 163, 165;
captured, 166
Nurlu, 255, 267, 269, 273;
shelled, 260
Obermayer Trench, 185
Oddie, Padre, 393
Ohligs, 386;
Ninth Divisional College at, 390
Oise, the, 258, 282, 354
Okkerwijk, 379
“Old German Line” trench, 16
Oldham, Major L. W. S., commanding 63rd Field Coy. R.E., 8, 408
Onraet, 299
Oosthoek, 64
Oosttaverne Wood, 299, 301
Ooteghem, attack on, 378;
captured, 379
Oppy, 210
“Orchard,” the, 16
Ordnance Department, work of the, 392, 415
Ormiston, Major, 163, 279
Ostend harbour blocked, 319
Ouderdom, 310, 312
Outtersteene, 12, 330
Oxford Copse, 99
Pall Mall Road, 102 _note_
Pardy, 2nd Lieut., 179
Paris, Conference in, 224
Passchendaele, 336, 353;
Battles of, 223, 231-235, 239-243, 393;
preparations for the attack on, 224-231;
criticisms on, 243
Patrolling, 17
Payne, Colonel A. V., A.A. & Q.M.G., Ninth Division, 6, 402
Peart, Sergeant, death, 393
Peirson, Captain, taken prisoner, 280
Pekin Trench, attack on, 23, 26, 42;
evacuated, 46
Péronne, 249;
fall of, 334
Perreau, Lieut.-Colonel A. M., commanding 52nd Bde. R.F.A., 8, 407;
at Loos, 47
Pétain, General, 88
Petit Bois, 305
Petty, Lieut.-Colonel W., commanding 9th Seaforths, 407
Pheasant Wood, 304
Phineboom, 320
Phosphorous Bombs, 229
Piave, the, 382
Picardy, 88, 143
Piccadilly, 103, 114, 117;
Farm, 312
Pick House, 299, 301;
Wood, 304
“Pill-boxes,” 225;
attack on, 232
“Pimple,” the, captured, 157
“Pine-apples” trench mortars, 177
Pioneers, the, 7, 399;
work of the, 137, 381, 391, 413
Plaatsbeek, 371
Ploegsteert Wood, 75, 76;
occupied, 299;
evacuated, 334
Plumer, General, presents Colours, 390
Poelcapelle, 238
Poezelhoek, 342
Point du Jour, 184, 199
Pollard, Prof., _A Short History of the Great War_, 200
Pollock, Corporal James Dalgleish, awarded the V.C., 53, 410
Polygone de Zonnebeke, 337;
captured, 341
Pont Levis No. 2, 376
Pont Remy, 144
Pont Street, 103
Pont à Vendin, 21
Poperinghe, 64, 223, 308;
School at, 66
Portuguese Corps, attack on, 295
Potijze, the, 340
Potsdam, 228;
attack on, 233, 235
Potterijebrug, 346
Princes Street, 103, 120
Princess Louise’s (Argyll and Sutherland) Highlanders, the 10th, 6,
398
Pringle, Lieut.-Colonel R. N., commanding South African Field
Ambulance, 408
Prisoners, German, captured, 149, 177, 179, 195, 233, 237, 305, 310,
322, 327, 331
Proudfoot, 2nd Lieut., 179
Pulteney, Lieut.-General Sir W., commanding III. Corps, 150
Quarries, the, captured, 50;
attack on, 51;
repulsed, 52
Quentin Ridge, 254
Raids, number of, 177-180
Railton, 255, 265
Railway Alley, 43
Railway Triangle, 196, 197
Rancourt, 277
Ravine Wood, 298
Rawlinson, General Sir H., commanding Fourth Army, 84 _note_, 292;
orders from, 128;
tribute to the Ninth Division, 140
“Red Belly” aeroplane, 188
Reid, Major A. W., commanding 63rd Field Coy. R.E., 408
Reid, Captain, 4th South African Regiment, 294 _note_;
captures Germans, 305
Reninghelst, 308
Respirator, the “box,” 172
Rest huts, 65
“Retaliation Tariff,” 70
Revelon Farm, 262;
Ridge, 255
Reynolds, Captain Henry, 233;
awarded the V.C., 235, 411
Rheims, 333
Rhine, the, 384
Ribemont sur L’Ancre, 286
Richtofen’s, Von, “Circus,” 188
Ricketts, Private Thomas, awarded the V.C., 361, 412
Ridge Wood, 294, 297, 302
Rifle-grenades, use of, 217, 219
Rifles, practice in the use of, 172, 174
Ritchie, Brig.-General A. B., commanding 26th (Highland) Brigade, 15,
403;
at Loos, 39;
uses divisional mounted troops, 53;
at Longueval, 105;
plan of attack, 154;
commanding Sixteenth Division, 170
Ritson, Lieut.-Colonel J. A. S., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 214
_note_, 232, 405;
leaves for England, 321 _note_
Roclincourt, 174, 175
Rocquigny, 276
Roeux, 201;
Chemical Works of, 202;
Battle of, 202-204;
captured, 212
Rolleghem Cappelle, 356;
captured, 349, 359
Rose, Major, killed, 305
Roubaix, withdrawal of the Germans, 371
Rougemont, Lieut.-Colonel C. H. de, G.S.O.I., Ninth Division, 6, 402
Roumania, entry into the war, 151;
position, 224
Royal Army Medical Corps, the 27th, 28th and 29th Field Ambulances,
7, 399;
work of the, 136, 167, 237, 244, 289, 290, 381, 391
Royal Army Service Corps, 399.
_See_ Army
Royal Engineers, the 63rd Field Coy., 7, 370, 371, 397;
at the Battle of Loos, 35;
the 64th, 7, 371, 397;
at the Battle of the Somme, 96;
the 90th, 7, 397;
endurance, 47;
at the Battle of the Somme, 96;
bridge over the Lys, 367
Royal Field Artillery, the 17th Brigade, attack on Ooteghem, 378
the 50th Brigade, 7, 297, 347, 397;
attack on Cuerne, 366;
cross the Lys, 375
the 51st Brigade, 7, 297, 397;
at Heule, 366
the 52nd Brigade, 7, 397;
at the Battle of Loos, 47
the 53rd Brigade, 7, 80, 397
A.F.A. Brigades, 28th at Cuerne, 367;
65th and 130th near Gonnelieu, 257;
150th at Sorel, 267;
153rd, 343
Royal Flying Corps, air photographs, 189, 227
Royal Scots, The, 11th Battalion, 6, 63, 398;
at the Battle of Loos, 44;
retire to Fosse Alley, 47;
casualties, 62 _note_, 77;
expel the Germans, 77;
at Montauban, 97;
at the Battle of Longueval, 105, 111, 114;
attack on Delville Wood, 126;
reconnaissance, 190;
at the Battle of Arras, 191, 214;
attack on Roeux, 204;
at Ypres, 231;
at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239;
quartered at Heudecourt, 256;
at Chapel Hill, 265;
at the Battle of Wytschaete, 298;
advance on Becelaere, 341;
capture the Molenhoek Ridge, 342;
advance on Hill 40, 363;
cross the Lys, 367;
attack on Vichte, 376
12th Battalion, 6, 398;
at the Battle of Loos, 44;
retire to Fosse Alley, 47;
casualties, 62 _note_;
at the Battle of the Somme, 96;
capture Bernafay Wood, 98;
at the Battle of Longueval, 105, 111, 114, 123;
capture Germans, 149, 323;
march in the mud, 164;
at the Battle of Arras, 191, 214, 216;
attack on Roeux, 204;
on Passchendaele, 228, 239;
on the “Pill-boxes,” 232;
at Dessart Wood, 256;
Nurlu, 267;
at the Battle of Wytschaete, 298;
attack on, 309;
surrounded, 310;
establish posts, 330;
advance on Becelaere, 341;
capture it, 342;
attack on Ledeghem, 349;
capture Steenbeek, 364;
Cuerne, 366;
cross the Lys, 369
Royal Scots Fusiliers, the 2nd, 307, 312, 398;
attack on Meteren, 324;
on Broodseinde, 337;
advance on Keiberg Spur, 344;
cross the Lys, 373;
action at Beveren, 374
the 6th, 6, 63, 398;
at the Battle of Loos, 44;
attack on Fosse Alley, 51, 52;
bomb fight, 54;
retire to Dump Trench, 54;
casualties, 62 _note_;
join the Fifteenth Division, 82
Royal West Kent Regiment, 218 _note_
Royal West Surrey Regiment, 218 _note_
Roye, 182
Ruellecourt, 213, 218
“Rum-jar” shell, 147
Rupprecht, Prince, 320
Russia, agreement with Britain and France, 3;
policy, 151;
revolution, 183, 224
Russian Army, retreat, 19;
defeated in Poland, 86;
collapse, 246
Ruthven, Brig.-General Hon. A. G. A. Hore, V.C., commanding 26th
(Highland) Brigade, 327, 403;
advance on Moorslede, 345;
defensive flank, 350;
attack on Ooteghem, 379;
tribute to, 381
S.S. 135 pamphlet, 10, 175, 176, 185;
S.S. 143 pamphlet, 10, 175, 176
Saillisel, 274, 276
Sailly Saillisel Ridge, 281
St Jans Cappel, 320
St Julien recaptured by the Germans, 225;
Battle of, 394
St Laurent-Blangy, 185
St Louis, 371, 374, 376
St Nicholas, 205 _note_
St Omer, 12, 319, 320
St Pierre Vaast Wood, 274, 276, 281
St Pieter, 345, 346;
captured, 351
St Pol, 169
Salisbury Plain, training camps, 6
Salonica, 224, 247;
expedition, 86
Sambre, the, 383
Sanctuary Wood, 68, 69, 337
Sappers, the, bomb factories, 14;
invaluable aid, 47;
relations with the Infantry, 69;
work of the, 137, 244, 381, 391, 412
Sarrail, General, 152
Sawder, Major, 263
Scarpe River, 173, 181, 196, 202
Scheldt, the, 371, 379, 380, 396
Scherpenberg, 293, 297
Scott, Major, 12th Royal Scots, 239
Scottish Rifles, the 9th, 6, 307, 398;
at the Battle of Loos, 35, 38;
casualties, 62 _note_, 346;
operations against the Germans, 78;
at Montauban, 97;
at the Battle of Longueval, 105, 111;
raid, 178;
at the Battle of Arras, 191, 208;
attack on Roeux, 204;
on Passchendaele, 228, 232, 242;
in the Fourteenth Division, 251;
at Meteren, 320;
attack on Broodseinde, 337;
Keiberg Spur, 344;
cross the Lys, 373
Scrase-Dickins, Brig.-General S. W., commanding 28th Infantry
Brigade, 6, 82, 165, 403;
at the Battle of Loos, 35;
of Longueval, 105, 115, 116;
commanding Thirty-seventh Division, 169;
characteristics, 169;
invalided to England, 170 _note_
Seaforth Highlanders, the 7th, 6, 63, 398;
attack on the Hohenzollern Redoubt, 21 _note_, 40;
at the Battle of Loos, 39;
casualties, 62 _note_;
attack on Waterlot Farm, 118;
on the Butte de Warlencourt, 155;
at the Battle of Arras, 191;
attack on Wytschaete, 304;
at Ypres, 337;
cross the Lys, 373
Seaforth Highlanders, the 9th (Pioneers), 7, 399;
at the Battle of Loos, 35;
heroism, 48;
at the Battle of the Somme, 96;
of Arras, 216;
barrage, 216;
at the Battle of Passchendaele, 239-242;
reorganised, 251;
at Sorel, 256
Selle, the, 354;
Battles of, 382
Sempill, Lieut.-Colonel Lord, commanding 8th Black Watch, 6, 404;
wounded, 41
Serajevo murder, 3
Serbia, relations with Austria, 3
Serbs, the, defeat of, 86
Serre, 96
Seven Years’ War, 91
Seventeenth Division, 213, 281, 285
Sharp, Lieut.-Colonel S. F., commanding 9th Seaforth Highlanders, 407
Shiels, Captain Drummond, 297
Shrapnel shell, use of, 107 _note_, 229
Siege Farm, 309
Simpson, Lieut.-Colonel C. N. commanding 53rd Bde. R.F.A., 7, 407
Sixty-first Division, at Péronne, 249
Sixty-third (Naval) Division, at Passchendaele, 245, 282;
at Péronne, 250
Slag Alley, 51
Slypshoek, 347
Slypskappelle, 347
Smith, Sergeant, 322, 328
Smoke-bombs, 27;
candles, 29;
screen, 186, 197;
shells, 187
Smuggling, repression of, 388
Smyth, Lieut.-Colonel G. B. F., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 171, 256
_note_, 329, 405;
at the Battle of Arras, 209;
murdered, 209 _note_;
wounded, 210, 276;
attempt to clear Hill 41, 350;
commanding 90th Field Coy. R.E., 408
Snag Trench, 154, 156, 158
Snephoek, 364
Sniping, 78, 148
Soda-Water Factory, 416
Soissons, 333;
recaptured, 334
Solingen, 386, 390
Somer Farm, 301, 302, 305
Somme, 85, 89, 282;
preparations for the Battle of, 92-94;
preliminary bombardment, 94;
Battle, 95, 107 _note_, 393
Sorel, 255, 256, 267;
shelled, 260
Sotheby, Lieut.-Colonel H. G., commanding 10th A. & S.H., 171, 405
Souchez, 22, 145
Source Farm, 242;
Trench, 241, 242
South African Brigade, 82, 398;
at the Battle of the Somme, 96;
at Montauban, 99;
occupy Bernafay Wood, 101;
casualties, 131;
in the trenches at Arras, 174;
raids, 180;
at the Battle of Roeux, 202-204;
lack of reinforcements, 206;
fresh battalions, 218;
attack on Passchendaele, 228, 234;
at Gonnelieu, 256;
ordered to retreat, 267-269;
attacks on, 277-279, 301;
survivors taken prisoners, 280;
strength, 294;
attack on Messines, 299;
on Meteren, 324;
leave the Ninth Division, 332;
tribute to, 333 _note_
South African Regiment, the 1st, at the Battle of Longueval, 117, 123;
attack on Delville Wood, 126;
on Snag Trench, 158;
expelled by flammenwerfer, 163;
at the Battle of Arras, 191;
attack on Wytschaete, 305
the 2nd, attack on Delville Wood, 121;
casualties, 122;
capture Germans, 149;
attack on the Butte de Warlencourt, 155;
at the Battle of Arras, 191;
at Gauche Wood, 261
the 3rd, attack on the “Nose,” 161;
at the Battle of Arras, 191;
broken up, 251
the 4th, attack on Waterlot Farm, 124;
at the Battle of Arras, 191;
recapture Chapel Hill, 263;
attack on Wytschaete, 305
South African Composite Battalion, 283, 287, 302, 304, 307, 398;
strength, 288
South Street, 112
Spanbroekmolen, 302, 304, 308
Sparrow, W. S., “Epic of the Ninth (Scottish) Division,” 271 _note_,
290 _note_
Sprenger, Captain L. F., 235;
wounded, 157
Spriethoek, 347
Springfield, 243
Square Wood, 210
Staenyzer Cabaret, 304
Staff Officer, duties, 22;
A. Branch, 22;
G. Branch, 23
Staunton, Lieut.-Colonel G., commanding 8th Gordons, 6, 404
Steenbeek, 361;
captured, 364
Steenen Stampkot, 360, 363
Steenwerck, 75, 83;
occupied, 299
Stevenson, Private J., plucky exploit, 100
Stewart, Lieut.-Colonel P. A. V., G.S.O.I., 253, 402
Stirling Castle, 336, 337
Stokerij, 365, 373
Stokes Mortars, 27, 81
Storey, 2nd Lieut., 191
Straate, 375
Straubenzee, Lieut.-Colonel C. C. Van, commanding 50th Bde. R.F.A.,
8, 407
Strooiboomhoek, 344, 347
Stuart, Lieut.-Colonel H. C., commanding 10th H.L.I., 64, 406
Submarine warfare, 247
Sussex Regiment, at the defence of the Fosse, 49
Symons, Colonel F. A., A.D.M.S., 404;
killed, 206
Tail Trench, 154;
bombardment of, 165
Tait, Sergeant, 300
Talus Boise, 129, 135, 284
Tank Brigade, the 4th, 306, 309
Tanks, the, 191, 196, 222, 247
Tanner, Brig.-General W. E. C., commanding 2nd South African
Regiment, 82, 172, 406;
attack on Delville Wood, 120;
wounded, 129;
commands 8th Brigade (Third Division), 256 _note_;
commands South African Brigade, 294, 403;
letter from Brig.-General Tudor, 333 _note_
Taylor, Captain G. P., 162;
commanding 28th Field Ambulance, 408
Teacher, Brig.-Major, at Longueval, 110
Terdeghem, Parade Service at, 329
Terhand, advance on, 343;
captured, 345
Terrapin House, 329, 331
Thackeray, Lieut.-Colonel E. F., commanding 3rd South African
Regiment, 83, 406;
at Waterlot Farm, 129, 131, 139;
at Happy Valley, 135;
wounded, 144
Thesiger, Maj.-General G. H., commanding Ninth Division, 31, 402;
at Loos, 37, 44;
killed, 53
Thiepval, 89, 96, 152
Third Division, 76th Brigade, relieved, 106;
attack on Longueval, 129, 130
Thirtieth Division, 86, 154, 158;
relieved 99
Thirty-first Division, at the Battle of Arras, 206, 210;
relieved, 320
Thirty-second Division, 251
Thirty-fourth Division, at Arras, 181
Thirty-fifth Division, 176, 283, 284
Thirty-sixth Division, 228, 371, 375, 378;
ordered to advance on Terhand, 343;
capture it, 345;
capture Hill 41, 347
Thirty-seventh Division, relieved, 206
Thirty-ninth Division, 251;
relieved, 253
“Thistles, The,” concert troupe, 393
Thomson, Lieut.-Colonel, commanding 1/1st Yorks Cyclists, 364
Thomson, 2nd Lieut. K. D., killed, 138
Thorne, Lieut.-Colonel H. U. H., commanding 12th Royal Scots, 172,
405;
killed, 194
Thorp, Captain H. W. B., Brigade-Major of the 26th Highland Brigade, 6
Three Cabarets, 23;
attack on, 39, 40
_Times, The_, article in, 316
Torpedo, the Bangalore, 78
Torreken Corner, 298
Tourcoing, 370
Train Alley, 23
Transylvania, invasion of, 151
Trappelstraat, 371
Trench feet, 68;
cases of, 167;
remedy for, 176;
fever, outbreak, 322
Trench Mortar Brigade, 81, 311;
work of the, 315
Trench Mortars, 14, 27, 81, 147;
warfare, 18
Trenches, 146, 174;
siting of, 10;
for the wounded, 25, 30;
condition, 68
Trentino, attack in the, 88
Triangle Post, 97
Trigger Wood Valley, 96
Trones Wood, 97;
attack on, 100, 101, 285;
captured, 119
Trotter, Brig.-General G. F., commanding 27th Brigade, 63, 403;
accident, 82
Tudor, Maj.-General H. H., C.R.A. Ninth Division, 80, 106, 139, 205
_note_;
and General Furse, 154 _note_, 403;
Police Adviser in Ireland, 209 _note_;
plan of attack, 222;
commands Ninth Division, 258, 293, 402;
at Nurlu, 260;
ordered to withdraw, 264;
at Moislains, 270;
trouble with the 47th Division, 270;
coolness and foresight, 290;
tribute to the South African Brigade, 333 _note_;
Orders to Brigadiers, 343;
Conference at Waterdamhoek, 346;
characteristics, 381
Tulip Cottages, 235
Turkey, reverses, 335
Turner, 2nd Lieut., 113;
heroism, 127
Tweedie, Lieut.-Colonel W. J. B., commanding 10th A. & S.H., 80, 405;
wounded, 143
Twelfth Division, 285;
retreat across the Ancre, 287
Twenty-first Division, 253, 306;
at Péronne, 249;
hold Cavalry Trench, 262;
retreat, 274, 276
Twenty-fourth Division, the 72nd Brigade, at Zillebeke, 67;
the 73rd Brigade, at the defence of the Fosse, 49;
inexperience, 50, 53 _note_;
unsteadiness, 52;
withdraws from the Fosse, 54
Twenty-eighth Division, the 85th Brigade, attack on Fosse, 8, 55
Twenty-ninth Division, 337, 342, 370, 376;
ordered to advance on Gheluwe, 343;
captures Heule, 366;
relieved, 377
Uniacke, Lieut.-Colonel R. F., A.A. and Q.M.G., 402;
killed, 14
United States, entry into the war, 248;
transportation of soldiers, 318
Usmar, Lieut.-Colonel G. H., commanding the South African Field
Ambulance, 408
Vaarneuykbeek, the, 370, 372
Valenciennes, 20
Vandamme Hill, 308
Vandenberghe, 311
Vaucellette Farm, 262
Vaux Woods, 270, 272
Vaux-en-Amienois, 85
Verdun, Battle of, 87
Vermelles, 19, 24, 32
Vesle River, 334
Vichte, 371;
captured, 375
Vickers Guns, 72, 188
Vienna Congress, result, 1
Vierstraat, 294, 297, 298
Villers, 253, 256, 334
Villers-Plouich, attack on, 272
Vimy Ridge, 145, 149, 182;
captured, 200
W.A.A.C., the, 388
Waermaerde, 379
Wainwright, Brig.-General H. R., appointed C.R.A., 293, 361, 403
Wald, 386, 390
Wales, H.R.H. Edward, Prince of, at Festubert, 17
Wallemolen, 241
Walshe, Brig.-General W. H., commanding 27th Brigade, 63, 403
War, European, outbreak, 1
Wardrecques, 332, 336
Warsaw captured, 19
Waterdamhoek, 344;
Conference of Brigadiers at, 346
Waterend House, 235
Waterlot Farm, 102, 103;
attack on, 108, 113, 115, 118, 124;
captured, 129
Watten, Artillery Training Camp at, 74
Webber, Major, 213
Weed and Weak Trenches, 207
Weller, Lieut. W. R., killed, 138
Wemyss, Lieut.-Colonel J. Colchester, commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 321
_note_
Westhoek, 336;
recaptured, 225
Westroosebeke, 238, 239
West Spring Gun, 14
White, Captain, 369
Wijfwegen, 345
Wilkie, Major H. J., commanding 6th K.O.S.B., 308 _note_
William II., Emperor of Germany, tribute to the Ninth Division, 280
_note_;
flight to Holland, 384
Wilson, Lieut.-General Sir H., commanding IV. Corps, 144 _note_
Winchester, Lieut., 113
Winkel St Eloi captured, 360
Wish Trench, 210
Wit Trench, 210;
attack on, 211
Woeuvre, attack on, 335, 354
Wolfsberg, 375
Woolner, Major C. G., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 408
Wormhoudt, 249
Wounded, the, trenches for, 25, 30;
breakdown of the arrangements, 59;
rescue of, 136, 289
Wright, Lieut.-Colonel H., commanding 8th Gordons, 8, 404
Wright, Lieut., killed, 99
Wulfdambeek stream, 356;
captured, 359
Wulverghem, 301;
captured, 306
Wytschaete, Battle of, 297;
evacuated, 299;
captured, 304, 306;
attack on, 309
Yorks Cyclists, the 1/1st, 364, 374
Young, Lieut.-Colonel, commanding 1st South African Regiment, 283,
294 _note_
Young, Captain T. F., commanding 64th Field Coy. R.E., 408
Ypres, 20, 64, 223, 225, 227, 248, 336;
ruins of, 67;
bombed by aeroplanes, 238
Yser, the, 224
Zandvoorde Ridge, 296
Zeebrugge harbour blocked, 319
Zevencote, 235
Zillebeke, 64, 67, 70
Zonnebeke, 227, 228, 235, 342;
attack on, 234
PRINTED BY OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND
MAPS
1. Loos.
2. The Somme, Longueval, and Delville Wood.
3. The Butte de Warlencourt, October 1916.
4. Arras: Action of 9th April 1917.
5. Arras: Actions of 12th April to 5th June 1917.
6. Passchendaele: Action near Frezenberg, 20th September 1917.
7. Passchendaele: Action near St Julien, 12th October 1917.
8. The Retreat on the Somme, March 1918.
9. Wytschaete and Kemmel, April 1918.
10. Meteren and Hoegenacker, July to August 1918.
11. The Final Advance, September to October 1918.
[Illustration: Map to illustrate the BATTLE OF LOOS
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: Map to illustrate THE SOMME, July 1916
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: THE BUTTE DE WARLENCOURT, October 1916
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: BATTLE OF ARRAS. 9th. April 1917
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: East of ARRAS 12 April-5 June, 1917
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: Action near FREZENBERG 20th. Sept. 1917
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: Action of 12th. Oct. 1917 East of St. Julien
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: THE SOMME RETREAT March 1918
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: WYTSCHAETE & KEMMEL April 1918
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: METEREN 19th. July 1918
HOEGENACKER 18th. August 1918
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: THE FINAL ADVANCE 28th. Sept. to 27th. Oct. 1918
[Emery Walker Ltd. sc.]
[Illustration: THE CAIRN
[_Frontispiece_]
9TH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION
MEMORIAL
ARRAS, APRIL 9, 1922
BY IAN HAY
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1
1922
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
THE CAIRN _Frontispiece_
BEFORE THE UNVEILING* _Face page_ 4
THE MOMENT OF UNVEILING* ” 6
SOME OF THE WREATH-BEARERS* ” 10
THE DAY AFTER THE UNVEILING ” 12
* By kind permission of _The Daily Mirror_.
9TH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION MEMORIAL
THE FINAL PAGE.
The history of the Ninth Division opens upon the day when certain
ragged regiments—without uniforms, without rifles, without
experience; fortified by nothing but their own native courage and
great expectations—came tramping into Aldershot shortly after the
outbreak of War, the First Division of the New Army and the First
complete unit of the First Hundred Thousand. The final page of an
immortal record was written and turned upon the afternoon of Palm
Sunday, 9th April 1922, on the Point du Jour, a hilltop just outside
Arras, with the unveiling by one of its own illustrious leaders of a
memorial commemorating the service of the Division upon the soil of
France and Flanders.
It was a perfect spring afternoon, with a bright sun, and the old
familiar larks in full song overhead, as the little company which
had crossed from Dover the previous day began to gather at the point
of assembly. All ranks were represented, and all ranks had travelled
there in a single party, without distinctions of seniority or
service, upon their common errand of commemoration.
The road out of Arras climbs and winds steadily for some three miles.
Then comes a curve in the hill, and the Memorial is suddenly visible,
standing up against the sky at the highest point on the road to
Douai, dominating the valley of the Scarpe. It is in the form of a
great cairn, and stands some twenty paces back from the road, on the
north side, in a little half-acre of soil which, as General Furse
most movingly reminded us, is now “for ever Scotland.” The plot has
been left exactly as the War left it. For this was the left of the
third and final objective of the attack allotted to the Division on
9th April 1917. The surrounding country has been reclaimed and tilled
again, but the half-acre of the Ninth Division still remains a war
zone in miniature. There are trenches; a dug-out; here and there you
may discern rusty barbed wire and derelict ammunition. But there are
mitigating features. Round the base of the cairn heather brought from
Scotland has been planted; broom is growing on the top; gorse and
whin-bush, too, have been planted round about. And these, one hopes,
will abide and flourish long after the hand of time has smoothed away
the last grim disfigurements of war from this “corner of a foreign
field” to which they find themselves so strangely transplanted.
Here, then, on the road two hundred yards from the Memorial, our
simple pageant was marshalled, and the procession moved off, headed
by its pipers, to the appointed place. General Furse and General
Tudor led the way with the officiating clergy. Next came the
wreath-bearers, some twenty in all, each carrying a great laurel
wreath decked with regimental colours. Behind, in fours, marched the
main body, most of them in uniform and all wearing their medals. Last
of all came mothers, wives, sisters, sons, and daughters, headed by
a little company without whose presence the ceremony would have been
incomplete indeed—certain women in black, carrying certain private
and particular wreaths of their own.
[Illustration: BEFORE THE UNVEILING.
_By kind permission of_] [“_The Daily Mirror._”]
From the Memorial to the road runs a little roughly-flagged pathway.
The pipers took their stand on either side of this, while the
procession halted, turned left, and stood aligned in the road, facing
the Memorial, which was veiled in three flags—the Union Jack, the
Tricolour of France, and the Royal Standard of Scotland. Each unit
was duly played into its place by familiar music—the members of
the Highland Brigade by “Highland Laddie,” of the Lowland by “Blue
Bonnets over the Border,” and of the South African by “The Atholl
Highlanders.”
And here let a word be said about the rest of the assembly.
Naturally there were present representatives of France—General
Huguenot, commanding the First Division of the French Army; M.
Delatouche, Sous-Prefet; Mm. Leroy and Dupage, Maires of Arras and
St Laurent-Blangy, and certain others. There were numerous little
processions and deputations come to wish us well and bear us company.
There was a body of French Comrades of the Great War, most of them
partially disabled, who had marched out from Arras to take their
stand beside us. There was a procession of young boys, Military
Cadets in uniform. There was a procession of very small children,
tramping sturdily up the hill from their shattered city, carrying
bright-coloured flowers, a pleasant foil to the sombre distinction
of our own laurel wreaths. There was a half-troop of French Cavalry.
There was a detachment of French Infantry, standing in the road, an
immovable wall of horizon blue, just behind our own line of khaki.
And behind these and all round, banked up on every eminence, stood
a crowd—an extraordinarily attentive and reverent crowd—of some
hundreds of French civilians. Their demeanour throughout was a most
memorable feature of a memorable afternoon. Standing for more than an
hour in solid masses, listening to a language which they could not
understand and words which they could barely hear, they never once
by sound or movement disturbed for a moment the course of our simple
ceremony.
When all were in position, and the visiting delegates made welcome,
the service of dedication began. It was conducted by the ex-Moderator
of the Church of Scotland and Dean of the Thistle, Dr A. Wallace
Williamson, assisted by the Rev. C. N. de Vine, M.C., and concluded
with the recitation of the Lord’s Prayer, in which all joined. Then
suddenly the pipes broke into “Lochaber No More.” General Furse
stepped forward and touched a cord. The unveiling flags slipped to
the ground, and the inscription stood revealed, carved on a great
block of granite set in the base of the cairn:—
REMEMBER
WITH HONOUR THE
9TH
SCOTTISH DIVISION
WHO ON THE FIELDS
OF FRANCE
AND FLANDERS
1915-1918
SERVED WELL
Above the inscription, cut deep into nine lesser blocks set one
above another and reaching to the very summit, came the tale of the
battle honours of the Division—Loos, Delville Wood and Longueval, the
Butte de Warlencourt, Arras, Passchendaele, Gauche Wood to Albert,
Wytschaete and Messines, Meteren, and Ypres to the Scheldt.
[Illustration: THE MOMENT OF UNVEILING.
_By kind permission of_] [“_The Daily Mirror._”]
With such a record to inspire both speaker and audience, General
Furse’s spoken tribute, which followed, could not fail to be
profoundly impressive. His words, which are recorded fully below,
were of the simplest, and that very fact enhanced the nobility
of his theme. His text, obviously, was written on the cairn behind
him. His first words were most appropriately devoted to setting forth
the difficulty experienced by the Committee in selecting the most
fitting spot upon which to erect the Divisional Memorial. Finally
Arras had been chosen. “The reason,” said the General, “why we
finally settled on this spot was that five years ago to-day the Ninth
Division covered itself with conspicuous glory over the battle-ground
we see to the west of us. Its success on that day was complete and
convincing. This was indeed its ‘Point du Jour.’ It was its third
and final objective. It was won on the hour ordered. The Division
on that day made a further advance, took more prisoners, and at a
comparatively smaller loss to itself, than had fallen to the lot of
any single Division in any single day up to that date in the War.”
Yet, as General Furse most justly pointed out, the passer-by had
merely to glance up at the list of battlefields upon the cairn to
realise that the service of the Division had not been limited to
the Arras district, or indeed to any particular point in France or
Flanders. Its record ran gloriously from end to end of the Western
Front.
Next, in setting forth the reasons which influenced the Committee
in their choice of this particular form of memorial, the speaker
enlarged upon the composition of the Division—the fact that it
contained units from England, The Channel Islands, South Africa,
and Newfoundland, which rendered it more truly Imperial in its
composition than any other Division in the British Army. “But,” he
added, “it was born in Scotland; it was named after Scotland; it was
fed throughout the four years of its active life in the main from
Scotland; its symbol was the thistle of Scotland; and it is but
right, therefore, that its monument should be fashioned in the form
beloved of Scotland.”
Then followed an affecting tribute to the dead, enhanced by a
reminder that in every year of its active service the Division lost
in battle casualties alone not less than a hundred per cent. of its
full strength. Some of its most conspicuous members were mentioned
by name. Next came a most appreciative reference to the loyal
co-operation and complete harmony which had always existed between
“our splendid Infantry” and other arms of the Division. “I do not
believe,” said the speaker with simple truth, “that there was any
Division in the whole Army in which this spirit of fellowship and
good comradeship burned more brightly or achieved greater results.”
The General’s speech ended in a note of justifiable pride—pride that
our Division, though the Ninth in the Old Army, should have been
the First in the New. “First of the new Divisions raised for the
War, First of these Divisions to come to France, almost the First in
the respect won from a hard-fighting enemy, First to cross over on
to German soil when victory had been achieved, the Ninth Scottish
Division will, I am convinced, remain for all time First in the
affections of those who had the real honour of serving in it. Ours
was indeed a royal fellowship, not only of death but of service.”
General Furse concluded with a few graceful sentences of thanks
and appreciation, delivered in their own language, to the French
delegates grouped at the foot of the cairn. As his voice died away
the whole company stood to the salute, while the French military
band played “God Save the King,” followed by “The Marseillaise.”
Thereafter the French officials delivered short, clear, and most
appropriate speeches.
Then came the most moving episode of the afternoon. The kilted pipers
resumed their station on either side of the stone pathway and began
to play “The Flowers of the Forest.” Up this avenue of wailing pipes
marched the wreath-bearers, two by two, in slow time; first, Lord
Sempill, the first member of the Division to set foot in France in
1915, representing the Eighth Black Watch, accompanied by Cameron of
Lochiel, representing the Fifth Camerons; then representatives of all
other units. The wreaths were hung high upon the cairn, upon stone
projections occurring at regular intervals round its circumference,
until the entire cairn was ringed with green laurel and fluttering
ribbons. A last great wreath, the gift of women to whom the Ninth
Division had meant something more than most, was laid at the foot of
the cairn beneath the inscription. Lastly came the votive offerings
of the French delegations—bright spring flowers in most cases—until
the whole base of the cairn was a mass of colour. The last wreath was
laid by some very small French girls.
Then the French band played the National Anthem again, and the formal
ceremony was at an end. The Ninth Divisional pipers stepped on to the
road and broke into “The Barren Rocks of Aden”—the march which had
played the Division into Brussels in the course of its victorious
advance into Germany—and the French troops fell into column of route
and marched away down the hill; but hundreds of onlookers remained
to make a closer inspection of the cairn and the wreaths, and in
particular of a row of rough-hewn blocks of stone, each inscribed
with the name and crest of a Divisional unit, set in line on the
ground facing the edge of the road, to mark the boundary of this our
little corner of Scotland, until the end of time.
Two predominant impressions remain. Firstly, the completeness of
the arrangements. There had been little or no rehearsal of the
ceremony, but everything passed off without hitch or hesitation. For
this our thanks are due to those responsible, especially General
Furse, Colonel Kennedy, and Captain Darling. Secondly, the very
representative and very united bearing of our party. Men were there
from all ranks, all units, and each country and Dominion concerned.
General Furse reminded us in his speech that the cairn had been
dedicated not only to the memory of the dead, but to the service of
the Division as a whole. That was undoubtedly the right and just view
to take: yet for us who stood there on that sunny April afternoon and
watched the flags flutter down from the face of the inscription, the
ceremony had but one significance—the rendering of the final tribute
to those who were taken by those who were left. And it was a pleasant
thought that a worthy company should have gathered upon the Point du
Jour from all parts of the Empire for that end.
[Illustration: SOME OF THE WREATH-BEARERS.
_By kind permission of_] [“_The Daily Mirror._”]
9TH (SCOTTISH) DIVISION MEMORIAL
THE UNVEILING AND DEDICATION
ARRIVAL AT ARRAS AND PROCESSIONAL ARRANGEMENTS.
The party for the unveiling numbered about 130 of all ranks, and left
London under arrangements concluded by Captain W. Y. Darling, M.C.,
11th Royal Scots, at 8.30 on the morning of Saturday, 8th April. The
route taken was by Calais and Amiens. Arras was reached at about six
o’clock in the evening, and all ranks were accommodated at the Hotel
de l’Univers and Hotel de Commerce.
On Sunday afternoon the party were conveyed by automobiles to the
point of assembly, near the Point du Jour, where a procession was
formed in the following order:—
Lt.-Gen. Sir W. T. Furse, K.C.B., D.S.O., Divisional Commander.
Maj.-Gen. H. H. Tudor, C.B., C.M.G., Divisional Commander.
Dr A. Wallace Williamson, ex-Moderator of the Church of Scotland
and Dean of the Thistle.
Captain the Rev. C. N. de Vine, M.C., C.F.
WREATH-BEARERS.
Lt.-Col. Lord Sempill 8th Black Watch.
Colonel T. Fetherstonhaugh, D.S.O. 7th and 9th Seaforth Highlanders.
Sergeant D. Wilkie, D.C.M., M.M. 8th Gordon Highlanders.
Colonel Cameron of Lochiel, C.M.G. 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Lt.-Col. H. G. Sotheby, D.S.O., 10th Argyll and Sutherland
M.V.O. Highlanders.
Lt.-Col. John Murray, D.S.O. 11th and 12th Royal Scots.
Sergeant W. Smith 6th Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Sergeant G. Smith, D.C.M., M.M. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers.
Colonel W. D. Croft, C.M.G., D.S.O. 9th Scottish Rifles.
Major G. H. Callender, M.C. 10th and 11th Highland Light
Infantry.
Captain E. F. Dufton, M.C. 1st South African Regt.
Mr E. Thompson 2nd South African Regt.
Sergt.-Major T. Young 3rd South African Regt.
Captain W. Maclean, M.C. 4th South African Scottish
Regiment.
Lt.-Col. W. Maclean, C.M.G., 1st Newfoundland Regiment.
D.S.O., M.P.
Major J. W. Hoggart, D.S.O., M.C. Royal Artillery and R.A.O.C.
Captain L. A. Culliford, M.C. Royal Engineers.
Major F. K. Norman, M.C. R.A.S.C.
Major G. Rankine, M.C. R.A.M.C.
Major J. H. Beith, C.B.E., M.C. Machine-gun Corps.
Captain Lord Hastings Glasgow Yeomanry and Cyclists.
Mrs A. C. Campbell ....
Miss Brash ....
Other members of the party in columns of fours, by units.
Ladies accompanying the party, and other friends.
A detachment of French troops—33rd Infantry and 3rd Engineers, with
Regimental flags, under the command of Colonel Potez—formed a guard
of honour lining the road facing the Memorial.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MEMORIAL.
The site is a square forty yards by forty yards, at Point du Jour
road junction. Two trenches cross there, and they and the general
state of the ground are as the battle left them. The cairn stands in
the centre of the square.
[Illustration: THE DAY AFTER THE UNVEILING.
← Main Road from Arras. To Douai. → ]
Owing to the many shell-holes and the unsettled state of the
ground, it was found necessary to sink a circular raft of concrete,
reinforced with steel rails, twenty-four feet in diameter and five
feet thick. The cairn stands on this, circular in plan, eighteen
feet in diameter at the base, fourteen feet at top, and over thirty
feet high, and is on a mound of earth which rises about two feet from
the general ground level. It is built of large rough blocks of grey
Belgian granite, from the quarries of Soignies. Stones containing
red iron stains and quartz seams were specially selected. The stones
diminish towards the top. The largest are over six feet long, and the
highest over three feet high. The stones are built up dry, naturally
keyed together, or wedged with smaller stones.
The method of building was as follows. On the foundation raft a ring
of stones was placed in position, forming a circular wall three feet
thick. The centre was then filled up solid with concrete formed of
cement, granite chips, and granite dust. The wall was then continued
all round, but not in distinct rings, and the centre again filled
up solid. This procedure was followed right up to the top. Thus
no scaffolding was used, the cairn itself acting as a platform on
which the men worked, and a hand gear hoist erected stage by stage
for raising the stones. The backs of the stones are embedded in
the concrete core and frequent long stones project a considerable
distance into the concrete.
At the projecting cornice level the concrete core is finished with
cement, weathered from the centre, and the top ring of stones is
filled with earth of a depth of about two feet six inches and then is
turfed over, dome-shaped.
Above the inscription stone, down the entire length of the front, are
nine stones, bearing the names of the battles, their size suiting the
inscriptions they bear.
Nineteen stones project from the cairn at a height of about eight
feet to bear wreaths.
A sloping and irregularly paved pathway leads to the road, the ditch
being spanned by a monolithic granite bridge, about seven feet square.
The four corners of the site are marked by square granite posts,
about six feet high, each bearing the Divisional sign carved in a
sunk circle. To the front, along the road, on the top of the bank,
are twenty-six stones. Each bears the name and crest of a unit of the
Division. These are grouped in brigades.
The site has been planted with clumps of gorse and broom, and the
mound round the cairn with heather sent from Scotland by many members
of the Division.
The contractor was Octave Bouchez of Arras, and it was built with his
own local labour. Among his many difficulties was the complete lack
of water. Before beginning he had to construct a tank close by, and a
horse-drawn water-cart was almost continuously employed filling this
from Athies.
THE CEREMONY.
Shortly before 2.30 the Ninth Division procession moved up from
the point of assembly and took station immediately in front of the
French troops, facing the Memorial, the inscription upon which was
veiled by the Union Jack, the Flag of France, and the Royal Standard
of Scotland. General Furse, accompanied by General Tudor, then took
his stand at the foot of the cairn and greeted the representatives
of France, namely: General Huguenot, representing General Lacapelle,
G.O.C., the First Corps of the French Army; M. Delatouche,
representing M. le Prefet; M. Doutremepuich, Councillor-General;
M. Leroy, Mayor of Arras; M. Dupage, Mayor of St Laurent-Blangy;
the Curé of Athies-Feuchy, and other officials representing: Les
Mutilés et Souvenir Français, La Chambre de Commerce, La Société de
gymnastique d’Arras, Les Sapeurs-Pompiers, Le Bulletin des Eglises
Devastées, Les Ecoles d’Athies-Feuchy, Officers of the Garrison of
Arras.
The service of dedication followed, the Rev. Dr Wallace Williamson,
ex-Moderator of the Church of Scotland, and the Rev. C. N. de Vine,
M.C., officiating. The ceremony concluded with the Lord’s Prayer, in
which all joined.
The Memorial was then unveiled by General Furse, who proceeded to
deliver the following speech of dedication:—
“When the Ninth Scottish Division formed part of the victorious
British Garrison on the Rhine, General Tudor, knowing it would
shortly be demobilised, called together a representative conference
to decide the most fitting manner of memorialising the service of the
Division in the Great War. That conference decided—most wisely in my
opinion—that we should have two memorials—first, a History of the
Division; second, a Battlefield Monument.
“The History was completed and published fifteen months ago, and we
are indebted to Major Ewing, of the King’s Own Scottish Borderers,
for the admirable book he has given us.
“As to the Battlefield Monument, you have only to turn your eyes to
the battle honours recorded on this cairn to realise that the site
was not too easy to choose. We considered the claims of many places.
Loos, where the Division—its three Infantry Brigades composed of the
flower of Scottish manhood, who had left their Highland or Lowland
homes in instant response to the call to arms—first experienced the
shocking, awful realities, to units as well as to individuals, of
a crashing battle, but proved to themselves and through themselves
the amazing power of disciplined courage over terrifying opposition.
Longueval and Delville Wood—that prolonged three weeks of the
fiercest fighting, taking terrible toll daily—bodies mutilated
and dying, but spirit ever alive and showing its noble endurance
hour after hour and day after day—in the repeated attacks of the
Lowlanders, in that glorious culminating counter-attack of the
Highlanders, and in the hanging on of the unconquerable remnant of
the splendid South African Brigade. In those three weeks we lost
7500 officers and men in the Division, and fully 60 per cent. of our
Infantry. This again was a site peculiarly difficult to discard as
the most appropriate for a monument to our beloved Division.
“It would take too long to recall other than very briefly the
numerous exploits of the Division on other fields of France and
Flanders—the disheartening but doughty struggles with mud and
misadventure near the Butte de Warlencourt; the share taken by
the Division in the heroic attacks towards Passchendaele under
similarly ghastly conditions; the dogged ten days’ opposition to
the great German advance in March 1918, where the Division had the
supremely difficult task of linking the Fifth with the Third Army
from Gauche Wood back to Albert; the stubborn defence and brilliant
counter-attacks at Wytschaete and Messines during the following
month; the capture of Meteren in July 1918 before the tide of war
had begun to turn in our favour; and finally the succession of
hard-fought victories in the open warfare of October 1918 from Ypres
to the Scheldt. All these names are recorded on this cairn, that
those who pass by may not think that the Ninth Division’s service was
confined to this particular neighbourhood.
“The reason why we finally settled on this spot was that five years
ago to-day the Ninth Division covered itself with conspicuous glory
over the battle-ground we see to the west of us. Its success on that
day was complete and convincing. This was indeed its Point du Jour!
It was its third and final objective. It was won on the hour ordered.
The Division on that day made a further advance, took more prisoners
and at a comparatively smaller loss to itself than had fallen to the
lot of any single Division in any single day up to that date in the
War.
“Knowing that a special monument to the South African Brigade is
to be set up at Delville Wood, and after balancing up all the
comparative claims of this and other sites, we came to the conclusion
that this one was the best. I can only trust that the majority of our
comrades are satisfied with that decision. I believe them to be so
satisfied with the form of the monument. For myself I am convinced
that a Scottish cairn built of rough-hewn stones, such as these,
is a more fitting monument to the rugged, simple, and enduring war
service of soldiers than sculptured group or elaborate architecture.
And though the Division embraced men of England, the Channel Islands,
South Africa, and Newfoundland, and was therefore more truly Imperial
in its composition than any other Division in the British Army, it
must be remembered that it was born in Scotland, it was named after
Scotland, it was fed throughout the four years of its active life in
the main from Scotland; its symbol was the thistle of Scotland; and
it is but right, therefore, that its monument should be fashioned in
the form beloved of Scotland.
“May I say how much we are indebted to our architect, Mr Ian
Hamilton, and to our builder, M. Bouchez, for the skill and care with
which they have carried out the work.
“You will notice that our little plot is purposely left as the
fighting left it. It will remain a visible portion of the battlefield
until Nature succeeds in obliterating the scars of war. Only in one
respect are we modifying it. By planting whins and broom and heather
taken from various parts of its native land we hope to make ‘this
corner of a foreign field’ a place ‘that is for ever’ Scotland,
and arrangements have already been made with our friends in South
Africa to send here plants typical of that country to mingle with the
indigenous plants of Scotland, and thus symbolise the undying link
between these two countries forged in the glowing heat of battle.
“We have here to-day representatives both of the commissioned and of
the other ranks of almost every regiment that fought in the Division.
Each one of us will be thinking of this and that particular comrade,
of this or that incident in the wonderful life we lived together.
What a life-time it was! To old or young a time absolutely apart
from any former experience, a time that we shall always look back
to with pride in our race, a pride born not only of a four years’
weaving of heroic examples of selfless devotion to a common ideal,
but of a background of good cheer and good fellowship—the outcome,
in my belief, of men, for that period at least, not fearing to show
themselves at their very best!
“Our thoughts naturally turn in a particular way to those we shall
never meet on earth again—friends who maybe were not widely known
outside their own units, or others again whose name and reputation,
by reason of their rank and responsibilities, were revered throughout
the Division. May I just mention three or four? Scrase-Dickins—a
Brigadier, loved and respected by his Lowlanders; Frank Maxwell—whose
lovely personality, brilliant courage, and winning leadership
inspired every officer and man in his brigade; Eric Gordon—whose
trust in his beloved Black Watch was only equalled by their
confidence in him; Smyth—known as a special friend to the Infantry
while still in command of his 90th Company of Engineers, and later,
the fearless leader of the King’s Own Scottish Borderers in one
attack and counter-attack after another; and Dawson, who fought on
with his handful of South Africans in March 1918 till literally
overwhelmed from all sides. How many more gallant fellows could we
all mention! May I recall yet one more name—one who still lives, and
whose thoughts are, I know, with us here to-day—General Lukin. Had he
been able to be with us in person, his should have been the honour
of unveiling this cairn; for he was in command of the Division when
it won its great success here five years ago and had the fortune of
serving in the Division, first as Infantry Brigadier and then as
Divisional Commander for nearly two years on end.
“Look once more at our inscription, and you will see that the cairn
is erected to the memory not only of those who were killed, but of
all who served in the Ninth Scottish Division. I have alluded already
to the Highland, Lowland, and South African Brigades of Infantry.
But, great and imperishable as their services were, they neither
alone nor together constituted the Ninth Division. Without the help
of the Artillery, the Engineers, the Machine-gun Corps, the Army
Service Corps, the Field Ambulance, and the Divisional and Brigade
Staffs, our splendid Infantry could not have done all they did, and
the Division could not have won its high reputation. The longer the
fighting went on, the more clear it became to all that unity of
effort was essential to success, that the mere existence of a single
_will_ to Victory was not good enough, but that all arms must work
towards that goal together, must learn to accommodate each other, and
that real co-operation involved mutual trust and fellowship. I do
not believe that there was any Division in the whole Army in which
this spirit of fellowship and good comradeship burnt more brightly,
or achieved greater results. First of the new Divisions raised for
the War, First of these Divisions to come to France, almost First in
the respect won from a hard-fighting enemy, First to cross over on
to German soil when victory had been achieved, the Ninth Scottish
Division will, I am convinced, remain for all time First in the
affections of those who had the real honour of serving in it. Ours
was indeed a royal fellowship, not only of death but of service. I
know not how many can claim a share in that fellowship, but we cannot
and should not forget that in battle casualties alone the Division
lost not less than one hundred per cent. in each year of its War
Service of its full strength. It may be surely said of the Ninth
Division that Scotland, as well as those other parts of the Empire
from which it was recruited, is ‘poorer in men but richer in heroes.’”
General Furse then addressed the representatives of France:—
“Monsieur le Maire, Monsieur le Général, Mesdames et Messieurs.
La cérémonie de l’inauguration de ce monument serait incomplête
si je manquais l’occasion de vous adresser quelques paroles, très
courtes mais très sincères, au nom de mon Comité et de tous mes
camarades de la IX^{ième} Division (Ecossaise).
“Nous éprouvons un vif sentiment de plaisir, que vous, Monsieur
le Maire, ainsi que vos collégues, ayez voulu vous joindre
à nous aujourd’hui, pour honorer nos morts et tous ceux qui
ont servi leur pays dans notre glorieuse Division. Nous nous
réjouissons particulièrement de la présence de nos camarades
d’Armes Français—le Général Huguenot et ses vaillants soldats.
En plus, je tiens à vous dire combien l’Angleterre apprécie
l’esprit généreux et hospitalier de la France, en permettant
la construction de ces nombreux monuments de guerre, qui nous
attachent par leur souvenir de plus en plus à son sol.
“Nous avons la certitude que nous mettons notre monument sacré
entre des mains qui le soigneront fidèlement et tendrement,
et nous éspérons qu’il servira à renforcer les sentiments
d’affection et d’estime qui ont toujours existé entre la
France et l’Ecosse, et que les citoyens d’Arras, en regardant
l’inscription gravée sur ces pierres, n’oublieront jamais que
les hommes de la IX^{ième} Division étaient fiers et heureux de
donner tout ce qu’ils avaient de meilleur en eux pour aider à
chasser l’ennemi de leur ville.”
General Furse was followed by M. Leroy, Mayor of Arras; M. Dupage,
Mayor of St Laurent-Blangy; and M. Delatouche, Councillor of the
Prefecture, who replied in turn.
The wreath-bearers then advanced two by two, and hung the wreaths
upon the stone projections surrounding the cairn. They were followed
by the representatives of the French societies, who deposited their
flowers at the base of the cairn.
The ceremony terminated with the playing of “God Save the King” and
“The Marseillaise,” after which the formal proceedings were at an end.
The party returned home the same evening, arriving in London on
Monday morning.
The following is a list of those known to be present:—
Adamson, M. W., Esq. 9th M.G.C.
Bache, W., Sergeant 9th Signal Co. (R.E.)
Bates, J. Vincent, Major, M.C. R.A.M.C. (8th Black Watch)
Bates, W. S., Esq. ....
Beatson, T., Lieut. 7th Seaforth Highlanders.
Beatson, Mrs A. M’Kay ....
Beith, J. H., Major, C.B.E., M.C. 10th Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Brash, Miss Nellie ....
Buchanan, N., Captain 7th Seaforth Highlanders.
Callender, G. H., Major, M.C. 5th Cameron Highlanders and A.D.C.
Callender, Mrs G. H. ....
Cameron of Lochiel, Col., C.M.G. 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Cameron, Mrs E. ....
Campbell, Mrs A. C. ....
Champion, A. G., Esq. R.A.M.C.
Clark, B., Corporal Signal Co. (R.E.).
Clarke, Mrs W. B. ....
Cole, H. W., Esq. 9th Div. H.Q. (R.A.S.C.)
Collins, Stanley, Esq., M.C. 9th D.A.C.
Croft, W. D., Col., C.M.G., D.S.O. Scottish Rifles and 27th
(Lowland) Brigade.
Culliford, L. A., Captain, M.C. Royal Engineers.
Darling, Will. Y., Captain, M.C. Royal Scots and Div. Staff.
Davidson, H. Stuart, Esq. 7th Seaforth Highlanders.
Denny, Mrs ....
Dingley, L. A., Major R.A.M.C.
Dufton, E. F., Captain, M.C. 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Duncan, Mrs George ....
Ewing, J., Major, M.C. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers.
Fetherstonhaugh, T., Col., D.S.O. 9th Seaforth Highlanders.
Furse, Sir W. T., Lt.-Gen., Divisional Commander.
K.C.B., D.S.O.
Furse, Lady, O.B.E. ....
Furse, Roger, Esq. ....
Geddes, G. F., Corporal 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Geddes, T. A., Esq. ....
Gibson, T. S., Captain, M.C. 10th Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Gibson, Mrs T. S. ....
Gordon, Miss ....
Gordon, Miss P. ....
Greenaway, G. K., Lieut. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers.
Greig, James B., Esq. ....
Hastings, Captain Lord ....
Hendry, G. A., Esq. ....
Hennessy, A. R., Captain 8th Gordon Highlanders.
Hoggart, J. W., Major, D.S.O., R.F.A.
M.C.
Holland, S. E., Col. Com., C.B., Rifle Brigade and General Staff.
C.M.G., D.S.O.
Horn, Mrs M. ....
Jeffcoat, A. C., Brevet Col., Royal Fusiliers and Divisional
C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. Staff.
Johnston, T. H., Esq. 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Kelly, Talbot R. B., Lieut. R.F.A.
Kennedy, J., Col., C.M.G., D.S.O. 10th A. & S. H., and 26th
(Highland) Brigade.
Lawrie, J. M., Pipe-Major 2nd Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Le Page, George, Esq. R.F.A.
McCrae, D., Corporal 1st Cameron Highlanders.
McCulley, J., Staff Sergt. 11th Royal Scots.
Macdonald, K., Esq. ....
McHardy, A. A., Col., C.B., Royal Artillery and Divisional
C.M.G., D.S.O. Staff.
McHardy, A. B., Esq. ....
McHardy, Mrs A. A. B. ....
McKenna, A., Private 10th Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Maclean, W., Col., C.M.G., R.F.A.
D.S.O., M.P.
Maclean, W., Major, M.C. 4th South African Scottish
Regiment.
Milligan, Rev. O., M.C. Chaplain, 9th Black Watch.
Mitchell, S., L/Cpl. 2nd Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Muir, M. C., Major, M.C. 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Murray, R. N. M., Captain, M.C. 8th Black Watch and A.D.C.
Murray, J., Lt.-Col., D.S.O. 12th Royal Scots.
Neil, W. H., Captain R.A.M.C.
Norman, F. K., Major, M.C. R.A.S.C.
Preece, R. J., C.Q.M.S. 106th Co. R.A.S.C.
Rankine, G., Major, M.C. R.A.M.C.
Renton, James, Esq. ....
Richardson, Sergt.-Major R.A.M.C.
Rodway, C. H. S., Sergt.-Major 9th Signal Co. (R.E.).
Sempill, J., Lt.-Col. The 8th Black Watch.
Rt. Hon. Lord
Sinclair, G. H., Lieut. 9th Trench Mortar Battery.
Smart, J., Piper 2nd Royal Scots.
Smith, G., Sergeant, D.C.M., M.M. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers.
Smith, W., Sergeant 2nd Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Somerville, John, Piper 2nd Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Sotheby, H. G., Lt.-Col., D.S.O., 10th Argyll and Sutherland
M.V.O. Highlanders.
Stanley, Hon. Sir Arthur, K.C.M.G. ....
Stanley, Hon. Lady ....
Stanley, Miss Adelaide ....
Stanley, Edward, Esq. ....
Staple, W. S. H., Captain, M.C. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers.
Stewart, P. A. V., Lt.-Col., D.S.O. 6th King’s Own Scottish Borderers.
Swinney, A., Corporal 2nd Royal Scots.
Symons, Mrs Dorothy ....
Symons, Miss ....
Symons, Miss ....
Taylor, F., Piper 1st Cameron Highlanders.
Taylor, W. M., Pipe-Major 7th Seaforth Highlanders.
Thesiger, Hon. Mrs F. ....
Thompson, E., Sub-Conductor R.A.O.C. (South African Infantry).
Tudor, H. H., Maj.-Gen., C.B., Divisional Commander.
C.M.G.
Tuton, J., Lieut., D.C.M. 11th Royal Scots.
de Vine, Rev. C. N., M.C. Chaplain, 9th Division.
Wallace Williamson, Dr A. Ex-Moderator Church of Scotland,
Dean of the Thistle.
Wilkie, D., Sergeant, D.C.M., M.M. 8th Gordon Highlanders.
Wilson, A. T., Lieut. 11th Royal Scots.
Wilson, D. J. B., Lieut. 5th Cameron Highlanders.
Winchester, C. C., Lieut., M.C. 11th Royal Scots.
Young, T., 1st Class Staff R.A.S.C. (South African Field
Serg.-Maj. Ambulance).
PRINTED BY OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] An A.S.C. Company was attached to each brigade: the 104th to the
divisional troops, the 105th to the 26th, the 106th to the 27th, and
the 107th to the 28th Brigade.
The divisional train was responsible for arranging matters of supply
between the Division and the Corps concerned. The task of the supply
column was to work between the railhead and the divisional A.S.C. and
it formed part of the Division until 1917 when supply columns became
Corps troops. The Battalion Quartermaster drew the supplies for his
unit from the company attached to his brigade.
[2] The best account of life and training in the Division is
contained in the well-known volume, _The First Hundred Thousand_,
by Ian Hay, who was an officer in the 10th Argyll & Sutherland
Highlanders.
[3] This was the result of an order issued by G.H.Q. fixing an age
limit for Brigadiers.
[4] See _The First Hundred Thousand_, p. 280.
[5] “Minnie,” the popular name for German Trench Mortars, from
Minenwerfer.
[6] On one occasion no horse was provided to take the Prince up
to the trenches. He, therefore, borrowed one belonging to the
machine-gun officer of the 27th Brigade, and it was afterwards known
as “Prince.”
[7] So completely was the chance of success considered to depend upon
the use of gas that the attack was to be cancelled if the wind was
unfavourable; instead, a minor operation was to be carried out by the
7th Seaforths against the HOHENZOLLERN REDOUBT.
[8] On the left of the Ninth the Second Division had to carry out two
operations: first, to capture the Givenchy salient, and second, and
more important, to attack the German front line trenches and then
move on Auchy. Should the latter attack succeed, the Second Division
was to form the defensive flank of the Army as far as Haisnes, from
which point it was to be carried on by the Ninth Division.
[9] It is common knowledge that at military concert parties the Staff
shared with the Sergeant-Major and the Quartermaster the distinction
of being the chief butt of the witticisms of the troupe. This is
due partly to the British soldier’s inveterate love of “chaff,” and
partly to the fact that the duties of the Staff officer, particularly
in the higher formations, secured him comparative immunity from
danger. The average infantryman was too much occupied with the
ordinary details of his daily task ever to give any thought to
the harassing and important duties that the Staff had to perform.
Occasionally, of course, the latter made a bad slip. During the
Battle of Arras, for example, a battalion in the 27th Brigade
received a message to the effect that sacks for bayonet training were
available! Such blunders were naturally cherished by the Regimental
officer.
[10] The effect of the German gas attack in May had produced a
powerful impression upon both the army and the public. Since that
time the energies and experiments of British scientists and doctors
had provided the army with an efficient protection consisting of a
chemicalised canvas bag with two gas-proof openings for the eyes. In
the event of an attack this bag was pulled over the head, its loose
ends being tucked in round the neck and covered up by the tunic so
that the gas found no aperture to evade the chemical barrier.
[11] See Map.
[12] Those opposite the Ninth Division belonged to the One hundred
and seventeenth Division.
[13] Under the circumstances there could be nothing stronger than
“belief”; it was impossible to go to the German lines to find out how
many had been killed or wounded.
[14] The wire was fairly well cut by the 18-pounders wherever it
was possible to observe it, but the stretch opposite the front of
the 28th Brigade was invisible from any point on our side. It was,
therefore, the more essential that the result of the artillery-fire
in this part should have been ascertained by patrols.
[15] Brig.-General Bruce sent back by the machine-gun officer of
his brigade an important account of the situation to Brig.-General
Ritchie.
[16] In the course of the battle the Germans brought up the 2nd
Guards Reserve Division, the 10th Bavarian Regiment, and a battalion
of the 123rd Division.
[17] There is a good deal of obscurity as to what actually happened,
but as the front of the Quarries had been wired by the sappers of the
Seventh Division, and as troops of the Seventh Division were still
holding out in the east of the Quarries when the western portions
were in the hands of the enemy, it is certain that the Germans could
have effected a lodgment only from the rear.
[18] The gallant record of the Twenty-fourth Division in the war
after the Battle of Loos is a sufficient proof, if any were needed,
that the failure of the 73rd Brigade at Loos was entirely due to
inexperience.
[19] The machine-gun team never yielded a yard; the gun was destroyed
by shell-fire, and all the members of the team were killed or wounded.
[20] Five officers and 168 other ranks were captured by the Division.
[21] Two German guns were left near the cottages at the Fosse. After
dark on the 26th B/50 Battery took two limbers up to the cottages and
brought back one of the guns; the other could not be found.
[22] “On leaving the I. Corps, the G.O.C. wishes to tell the Ninth
Division that he thinks their conduct in the assault on the German
lines was beyond all praise, and no words can express the value of
their gallantry and self-sacrifice to our country.
“They showed during the heavy fighting not only great dash and
courage, but endurance and discipline, and the highest qualities of a
soldier.
“He can only wish them the best of all fortune in their future
efforts, and he is sure that they will maintain the high standard
as soldiers and men that they have already reached.”—(Order from I.
Corps, dated 30th September 1915.)
[23] See Appendix IV.
[24] _Killed and Wounded_ (exclusive of subalterns).
6th K.O.S.B. lost 9
8th Black Watch ” 8
7th Seaforth Highlanders ” 8
8th Gordon Highlanders ” 8
6th Royal Scots Fusiliers ” 8
5th Cameron Highlanders ” 7
9th Scottish Rifles ” 6
11th Royal Scots ” 4
10th H.L.I ” 4
11th ” ” 4
12th Royal Scots ” 3
10th A. & S. H. ” 3
[25] There were many salients in the British line, but “The Salient”
was Ypres.
[26] When the front trenches lay near each other, the artillery,
in order to avoid hitting their own people, fired generally on the
enemy’s support and rear trenches.
[27] That is, in numbers.
[28]
For each trench mortar bomb 1 salvo of 18-pounder H.E.
” enemy torpedo 2 salvos ” ”
and 2 4·5-inch howitzers.
” enemy 5·9 shell 1 8-inch shell.
[29] Noises, alleged to be German mining on the Corps’ front, were
actually traced to (_a_) revetting, (_b_) sentries stamping their
feet, (_c_) rats burrowing on the parapet, (_d_) a loose beam or
branch blown by the wind, (_e_) running water, (_f_) the beat of a
man’s own heart, (_g_) a half-dead fly buzzing at the bottom of a
hole (this was taken for a machine drill), and (_h_) actual mining.
[30] The machine-gun was reckoned to be equivalent to thirty rifles.
[31] Even under the most damping circumstances the men maintained
a sense of humour. A platoon commander of the 12th Royal Scots on
asking a man, standing in a water-logged trench, how he liked his
surroundings, received the unexpected reply—“Weel, sir, this is no
like Sauchiehall Street.”
[32] The Bangalore torpedo presented the appearance of a drain
pipe. It was filled with ammonal and fired with a fuse. It was most
effective in clearing a gap in wire, and could be made any size by
joining several sections together.
[33] Targets were selected from the map, the guns being sited
according to the estimated distance.
[34] The XIII. Corps was under the Fourth Army, commanded by General
Sir H. Rawlinson, K.C.B.
[35] Sir Douglas Haig succeeded Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief
in December 1915.
[36] In July 1916 the strength of the British Army in France was
660,000. Despatches, p. 19.
[37] Despatches, p. 19, para. 2, line 5.
[38] A Company wore red; B Company, yellow; C Company, blue; D
Company, green.
[39] These were the 16th Bavarian Regiment and the 6th Bavarian
Reserve Regiment of the Tenth Bavarian Division.
[40] Where it entered the village, this road was known as Pall Mall.
[41] During an engagement it was necessary to keep the infantry
adequately supplied with ammunition, bombs, engineering material,
rations, and water, so parties were always detailed to carry up these
stores.
[42] The “creeping barrage” does not creep—it really jumps. At
Longueval the line of the barrage moved forward 50 yards at a bound.
To a distant observer, however, the barrage did seem to creep
forward, hence the name.
During this Somme Battle the use of the creeping barrage became
universal by the British Army in all its attacks. Shrapnel was
generally used, but the Ninth Division, having taken to H.E. and
having found it successful, stuck to it. Which was the better of the
two was controversial to the end of the war. In the Ninth the opinion
was that the H.E. barrage had greater moral effect, was easier to
follow, and did not throw such a strain on the artillery that the
setting of fuses for a shrapnel barrage necessitated.
[43]
1st Barrage 5 minutes till Zero.
2nd ” Zero ” Z. - 5 minutes.
3rd ” Z. - 5 mins. ” Z. - 45 ”
4th ” Z. - 45 ” ” Z. - 1.30.
5th ” Z. - 1.30. ” Z. - 2.
6th ” Z. - 2. ” Z. - 2.30.
7th ” Z. - 2.30. ” Z. - 3.9.
8th ” Z. - 3.9 ... ...
[44] “Ninth Division Special Order of the Day, dated 15/7/16.
“1. The Corps Commander has asked me to tell the members of
my staff, the brigadiers and their staffs, and all regimental
officers, N.C.Os. and men, that in his opinion the Ninth Division
carried out a very difficult feat of arms yesterday finely, that
the assembly by night of a Corps within assaulting distance of
the entrenched lines of an active enemy, could only be effected
by divisions in which the staff work and the discipline were
alike perfect, and that he is grateful to all. This is indeed
high praise from such a soldier, and I need not say how proud I
am to be allowed to convey such praise to the Ninth Division.
“2. For myself, I can only say with the deepest gratitude that
you have once more proved to me what a glorious Division I have
the great honour to command. However good the staff work and
however good the leading, it would be impossible to win success
against such an enemy unless every officer, N.C.O. and man was
ready at all times to do more than his duty. On this I can always
rely in the Ninth Division.—W. T. FURSE.”
[45] Lieut.-Colonel Fulton took over the command of the 9th Scottish
Rifles in March 1916.
[46] This was the Corps which the old Army fought at Le Cateau in
1914.
[47] The artillery remained in the line until the 27th July, during
which period it effectively supported the attacks of the Third and
Second Divisions on Longueval and Delville Wood, Brig.-General Tudor
acting as C.R.A. to both these divisions.
[48] “As it will be impossible for me to speak personally to the
Ninth Division, I desire to convey to every officer, N.C.O. and man,
my thanks and congratulations for the splendid work the Division has
done during the Battle of the Somme.
“The attack and capture of the hostile second line system of defence,
and the village of Longueval on the 14th July, was a feat of arms
which will rank high amongst the best military attainments of the
British Army, whilst in the capture of Delville Wood, the gallantry,
perseverance, and determination of the South African Brigade deserves
the highest commendation.
“Not only has the fighting spirit of the infantry of the Division
been admirable, but the manner in which the divisional artillery
has helped and supported the infantry shows that a high degree of
training has been attained, and it is with regret that I am informed
that the Division is to be transferred to another army. I trust that
at some future time I may again have the honour of finding them under
my command.”
H. RAWLINSON,
_General Commanding Fourth Army_.
H.Q., FOURTH ARMY,
_25th July 1916_.
[49] There can be nothing stronger than assumption. The Germans used
their divisions in battle for shorter spells than we did, and it is
highly probable that we persistently overrated their casualties.
[50] Commanded by Lieut.-General Sir H. Wilson.
[51] Commanded by General Sir C. Monro.
[52] In September the artillery were reorganised on a basis of 6
guns per battery, the 53rd Brigade being broken up for this purpose.
The Divisional Artillery then consisted of the 50th, 51st, and 52nd
Brigades.
[53] Commanded by Lieut.-General Pulteney.
[54] The gloves were occasionally used, the jackets never.
[55] On this occasion the 47th Divisional Artillery and two brigades
of the 1st Divisional Artillery supported the attack under the direct
command of the C.R.A. 47th Division. Brig.-General Tudor acted as
C.R.A. to General Furse.
[56] A “Chinese Attack” was not an attack; but the artillery put
down the same sort of bombardment that was the usual prelude to an
advance, moving by lifts over the enemy’s system and then suddenly
coming back to his front line, and so catching his infantry when they
were manning the trenches to repel the expected assault.
[57] Consisting of Bavarians of the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division.
[58] This was denied by the artillery, who suggested that the shells
complained of were fired by the enemy; but many British fuses were
found in the front trenches.
[59] These were Saxons of the 40th Division, which had relieved the
Bavarians.
[60] Many dead South Africans were seen in front of Snag Trench by
the 27th Brigade.
[61] Commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Sir George Abercromby since the 20th
September; Lieut.-Colonel Gordon, D.S.O., was promoted to a brigade
in the Forty-first Division.
[62] Here more might have been done to help the men by divisions in
the line handing over stores to those taking over. It would have
saved trouble if the ammunition for the machine-guns had been kept in
sealed boxes and handed over; this plan was adopted later.
[63] The artillery stayed in and supported the attack by the Fiftieth
Division on the Butte.
[64] Unfortunately long and constant strain had told on his health,
and shortly after his appointment to the Thirty-seventh Division he
was invalided to England.
[65] For his services in the war General Furse received the K.C.B. in
June 1917.
[66] In _Three Years with the Ninth Division_ Lieut.-Colonel Croft
discusses several questions of interest to C.Os.
[67] The barrage fell along three sides of a rectangle, screening the
infantry from the front and the flanks.
[68] News from the very start was good. Brig.-General Tudor, who
was in the trenches watching the raid, was in touch with the front
line by telephone, and the only reports he received were, “One
more penny”—“Two more pennies,” etc. “Penny” was the code word for
prisoner.
[69] The following message was sent by Sir Douglas Haig on the
16th:—“Congratulate the Ninth Scottish Division, and particularly the
9th Scottish Rifles, on the success of their raid carried out on the
14th.”
[70] In the Ninth, however, it was thought that the principal factor
was surprise, and the raid of the “Rifles” already referred to was
undertaken to show that a preliminary bombardment was not necessary
for success.
[71] At the end of January a party of the Division proceeding along
the road to Arras was accosted by a Canadian soldier. “Hullo, what
crowd are you?” “Ninth Division” was the reply, and then came the
exclamation, “Huh! the scrappin’ Ninth.” The Canadian’s tone of
mingled friendship, admiration, and uneasiness betrayed more clearly
than any words his firm conviction that storm-troops were gathering
for a battle.
[72] Haig’s Despatches, vol. i., p. 81.
[73]
14th Brigade R.H.A.
50th ” R.F.A.
51st ” R.F.A.
52nd ” A.F.A. (taken from the Ninth in January).
23rd ” A.F.A.
29th ” R.F.A.
32nd ” R.F.A.
[74] The enemy opposing us consisted of the 1st and 24th Bavarian
Reserve Divisions.
[75] _A Short History of the Great War_, p. 257.
[76] The original Green Line consisted of the strongly-wired trenches
immediately west and north of Fampoux. Shortly before the attack
on the 9th April the final objective was altered so as to include
the hostile positions just west of the Roeux-Gavrelle road and the
village of Fampoux.
[77] Major Sir J. Campbell commanded the 11th, and Major Macpherson
the 12th Royal Scots in this action.
[78] Brig.-General Tudor, who was assisting the Fourth Division,
received news of the battle so late that he had no time to
reconnoitre.
[79] On the 9th April D.H.Q. were at Etrun; they moved forward to St
Nicholas only on the 12th April.
[80] General Lukin on 18th April suggested that the South African
Brigade should be withdrawn from the Division on account of its
weakness and its lack of reinforcements.
[81] While this chapter was being written, news came of the
cold-blooded murder of this officer in the County Club, Cork, on the
17th July 1920 by a dozen so-called patriots.
If ever a man lived who deserved a fair field and a fair fight it was
Colonel Smyth. A more gallant and honourable gentleman never lived.
As a captain in the Royal Engineers he commanded the 90th Field Coy.
R.E. in the Ninth Division till October 1916, when he was promoted to
the command of the 6th K.O.S.B. In October 1918 he commanded the 93rd
Brigade in the Thirty-first Division as a Brig.-General.
Major-General H. H. Tudor, when given command of the Police Forces in
Ireland in June 1920, found Colonel Smyth in command again of a Field
Coy. R.E. in Ireland, and, knowing his worth, secured his appointment
as one of his deputy commissioners.
[82] Major Macpherson was wounded in the action of the 12th April,
and the command of the battalion was taken over by Lieut.-Colonel
Ritson.
[83] Commanded since the 3rd May by Major A. R. Innes Browne.
[84] These were the 3/10th Royal West Surrey Regiment, 3/10th Royal
West Kent Regiment, 3/10th Middlesex Regiment.
[85] Commanded by Lieut.-General Sir E. A. Fanshawe.
[86] Now commanded by Lieut.-Colonel H. D. M. Maclean, the original
C.O. of the battalion, who returned to France in August.
[87] Lieut.-Colonel W. Lumsden succeeded Lieut.-Colonel Fulton at the
end of July.
[88] Commanded since April by Lieut.-Colonel Macleod.
[89] Temporarily commanded by Major Cochran.
[90] Lieut.-Colonel Croft was promoted to the command of a brigade a
few days before the battle, and the battalion was now commanded by
Lieut.-Colonel Sir J. Campbell.
[91] 32 officers, 312 other ranks.
[92] Commanded by General Sir Ivor Maxse.
[93] See Map.
[94] Commanded by Lieut.-Colonel R. W. Hadow since September.
[95] Commanded since the beginning of October by Lieut.-Colonel A. G.
M. M. Crichton.
[96] Commanded in this action by Major Scott.
[97] The enemy opposing the division on this occasion was the
Sixteenth Division, which had the honour of being classed by our
G.H.Q. as a first-rate division.
[98] Commanded in this action by Major A. R. Innes Browne.
[99] On leaving the Fifth Army the Division received the following
message from General Sir Hubert Gough:—
“The Ninth Division has fought splendidly while it has been in the
Fifth Army and maintained the great reputation of the Scottish
Divisions in France. The Division achieved a very notable success on
20th September and played a gallant part during the severe fighting
of 12th October. In spite of the casualties sustained and the
demands made upon the men’s endurance during the past six weeks, the
Division’s moral remains as high as ever. Well done, everybody!”
[100] Commanded by Sir W. Congreve, V.C.
[101] Later General Lukin was awarded the K.C.B., an honour which
gave much gratification to the Division.
[102] The 2nd Regiment was now commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Christian.
Lieut.-Colonel Tanner was promoted to the command of the 8th Brigade
(Third Division).
[103] Lieut.-Colonel Horn of the 7th Seaforths took over the command
of the Army Musketry Camp on the 18th October; the battalion was
commanded by Major P. C. Anderson during the retreat.
Lieut.-Colonel Crichton left the Camerons in March, and was succeeded
by Lieut.-Colonel J. Inglis.
[104] Lieut.-Colonel Sir J. Campbell being on leave, the 11th Royal
Scots were commanded by Major A. C. Campbell during the retreat.
Lieut.-Colonel Maclean left the K.O.S.B. in October 1917, and was
succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel Smyth, who returned to France at the end
of September.
[105] The 18th Division, for example, after holding the
Villers-Guislain-Gonnelieu sector for fourteen days was relieved on
the 3rd March by the 107th Division, a prisoner from which said that
his division had undergone intensive training for an attack and break
through.
[106] The northern attack was entrusted to the 17th Army, the
southern to the 2nd and 18th Armies.
[107] For a clear, full, and concise account of the boundary question
between the Fifth and Third Armies, see article in the April (1920)
number of the _National Review_, entitled, the “Epic of the Ninth
Division,” by W. S. Sparrow.
[108] “After being captured at La Motte, near Corbie, I was taken to
the German Battalion H.Q. for examination by an intelligence officer.
In the course of this examination the officer asked me if I knew the
Ninth Division; he said that the fight it put up was considered one
of the best on the whole front, and particularly the last stand of
the South African Brigade at (I think) Moislains, which, he said,
was magnificent. Both men and officers fought to the last against
overwhelming odds, the brigadier himself being taken, firing a
machine-gun whilst his brigade major was killed beside him.
“After this conversation I was sent to Le Cateau, and on the way many
German officers spoke to me and all mentioned the splendid fight put
up by the South Africans.
“On reaching Le Cateau, I met two officers (British), who said that
whilst their party was being marched to this place, they were stopped
by the Kaiser, who asked if anyone present belonged to the Ninth
Division. The Kaiser then said that had all divisions fought as well
as the Ninth Division he would have had no more troops to carry on
his attack with.”
[109] W. S. Sparrow in “The Epic of the Ninth Division.”
[110] “Great gallantry has been shown by the troops engaged in the
fighting in this area and to the south of it. The Nineteenth and
Ninth Divisions have distinguished themselves by the valour of their
defence.”
(_Extract from Communiqué published by the Press on the 25th March._)
[111] The 1st Regiment was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Young; the 2nd
Regiment by Captain Jacobs; and the 4th Regiment by Captain Reid.
[112] Commanded since the 7th April by Lieut.-Colonel the Honourable
David Bruce.
[113] Under the command of Lieut.-Colonel H. W. M. Bamford of the 2nd
Regiment.
[114] The K.O.S.B. had been commanded by Major Innes Brown since
the 24th March; he was killed at Hill 60 on the 10th April, and was
succeeded first by Lieut.-Colonel Chamberlain, and then by Major H.
J. Wilkie.
[115] “Three weeks ago to-day the enemy began his terrific attack
against us on a fifty-mile front. His objects are to separate us
from the French, to take the Channel Ports, and destroy the British
Army. In spite of throwing already 106 divisions into the battle and
enduring the most reckless sacrifice of human life, he has as yet
made little progress towards his goals.
“We owe this to the determined fighting and self-sacrifice of our
troops. Words fail me to express the admiration which I feel for the
splendid resistance offered by all ranks of our Army under the most
trying circumstances.
“Many amongst us now are tired. To those I would say, that victory
will belong to the side which holds out the longest. The French Army
is moving rapidly and in great force to our support. There is no
other course open to us but to fight it out.
“Every position must be held to the last man. There must be no
retirement. With our backs to the wall and believing in the justice
of our cause, each one of us must fight to the end. The safety of our
homes and the freedom of mankind depend alike upon the conduct of
each one of us at this critical moment.”
(_Special Order issued by Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig on 12th
April._)
[116] “Farther north a heavy attack launched by the enemy this
morning against our lines in the neighbourhood of Wytschaete and
Hollebeke (the Messines Ridge) was completely repulsed by the Ninth
Division with great loss to the enemy.”
(_Extract from the official Communiqué of the 11th April._)
Before this appeared the Corps Commander informed the G.O.C. that Sir
Douglas Haig and Marshal Foch fully appreciated the valuable work
performed by the Division. This was communicated to units in the
following message:—
“The Corps Commander wishes it to be known that the
Commander-in-Chief, in course of conversation with him, said that it
was mainly due to the stubborn resistance of the Ninth Division that
the Army was now in a position to hold on to the present line. If the
Ninth Division had not held on there would have been no alternative
but to retire a long way back. He also stated that General Foch
fully appreciated what had been done by the Ninth Division.”—No. A.
9837/12, 17/4/18.
[117] “Please convey to General Tudor and to all ranks of the Ninth
Division my deepest appreciation of the great gallantry displayed
by them during many days of severe fighting north of the Lys. In
the stubborn struggle for the Ridge at Wytschaete, with which their
name will always be associated, as well as on many other occasions,
they have shown the same high qualities which distinguished them
throughout the Battle south of Arras, and have most worthily upheld
the traditions of the British Army.”
(_Ninth Division_, No. A. 9827/28.)
[118] After the fighting near Kemmel Lieut.-Colonel J. Colchester
Wemyss commanded the battalion until Lieut.-Colonel Smyth returned at
the end of May.
[119] In June Lieut.-Colonel Ritson left for England and the
battalion from the time it went into the line near the end of May was
commanded by Lieut.-Colonel J. Murray.
[120] 1 field-gun, captured at Gaza Cross Roads; 6 heavy trench
mortars; 6 light trench mortars; 11 heavy machine-guns; 36 light
machine-guns; 1 stick-bomb thrower.
[121] 20 heavy machine-guns, 22 light machine-guns, 342 rifles.
[122] “I wish to express to you and to your officers, warrant
officers, N.C.Os. and men of the brigade under your command my great
regret that the exigencies of the Service prevented me seeing you
all personally before you were transferred from the Ninth Division
in order to say good-bye. For two and a half years your brigade has
shared the fortunes of the Ninth Division. At Delville Wood, at
Arras, at Ypres, in the Somme retreat, and finally at Meteren, it
has fully contributed in establishing and maintaining the glorious
record of this Division. The South African Brigade bore the brunt of
the attack on the divisional front in March 1918, and its final stand
at Bouchavesnes on 24th March, when it held out all day until all
ammunition was exhausted, will live as one of the bravest feats of
arms in the war. The cheery keenness and comradeship with which the
South African Brigade has always worked and fought will be very much
missed by me personally and by all the Ninth Division. We wish you
and your brigade the best of fortune, and know that you will always
fully maintain the splendid name you have earned.”
(_General Tudor’s Letter to Brig.-General Tanner._)
[123] Commanded by Lieut.-Colonel French since August.
[124] The 28th Brigade was given a narrower front in the advance to
the first objective in order to ensure that a sufficient force would
still be in hand, after Frezenberg Ridge was reached, to press home
the attack along the main ridge, most of which lay within the right
brigade sector.
[125] Owing to the small number of field-guns per yard (one gun to
about 45 yards) the Division had to depend chiefly on smoke for the
barrage, and the guns fired two rounds of smoke to one of H.E.
[126] A great deal of trouble had been taken to arrange the right
hour for zero, but all the calculations of the Divisional Staff
were completely upset by the fact that the morning was cloudy with
drizzling rain.
[127] The 28th Brigade A.F.A. was attached to the Division.
[128] The 6th and 7th Cavalry Divisions, consisting of men of fine
physique, who, according to their own statements, were known as
the “War-prolongers” because they remained full of fight while the
resisting power of other German troops was diminishing.
[129] The cavalry in reserve consisted of the 3rd French Cavalry
Brigade, which, however, was not under the orders of the G.O.C. Ninth
Division.
[130] A tribute greatly cherished by the Division was received from
General C. W. Jacobs in a Special Order issued on the 3rd October:—
“As the first phase of the operations which began on the 28th
September 1918 is over, I wish to express to you and all ranks of the
Ninth Division my gratitude and thanks for the splendid work which
has been achieved.
“The Ninth Division was specially selected to carry out the attack
on the left flank of the British Second Army and to cover the right
flank of the Belgian Army attack. The objectives given were rather
more distant than those we have attempted hitherto in Flanders,
but, owing to the splendid leading of yourself and the officers of
all units, not only were all those objectives gained, but you broke
right through the enemy’s line to a depth of 9¼ miles. In 1917 it
took our Army over three months to get only half that distance, and
at great cost. The Ninth Division has done it, and a great deal
more, in twenty-four hours. What further evidence is required of the
magnificence of this exploit?
“The Ninth Division has done splendidly all through the war, but
these last operations will be considered by history to have eclipsed
all their previous performances. In the last few days the conditions
have been trying and you have had to beat off many counter-attacks.
The weather has been bad and shelter has been very scanty. Yet
the spirit of all ranks has always kept at a high level and you
have upheld the splendid traditions of the British Army and of the
Division in particular.”
[131] These earned another “mention” for the Division. “In these
successful operations the Ninth Division, forming part of the
command of General Jacobs’ II. Corps, has again fought with great
distinction.”
(_Extract from official Communiqué, 16th October._)
[132] This however was practically impossible when the crossing was
not to be carried out simultaneously by the attacking divisions.
[133] Major King who was commanding the Royal Scots Fusiliers was
wounded near Belgiek, and the command of the battalion was taken over
by Captain J. S. Glass.
[134] On the 23rd Lieut.-Colonel R. Campbell, D.S.O., who had seen a
great deal of service with the Fifty-first Division, took over the
command of the battalion.
[135] Prisoners captured, 54 officers, 2555 other ranks; guns
captured, 64.
[136] Near the end of October a staff officer of the Ninth went to
the Divisional Signals Office to find out if there was any news. The
answer was “Yes, sir, Austria has thrown in her ‘mit.’” It was thus
that a phlegmatic Scottish soldier announced the fall of the ancient
Empire of the Hapsburgs, the oldest reigning family in Europe and
heirs of the Holy Roman Empire!
[137] The fact that some Germans were relieved of their watches may
have been due to a custom that had sprung up during four years of
war, or to some confusion of mind about the “Watch on the Rhine”!
[138] The sight of a field ambulance racing through the streets of
Cologne, with the R.A.M.C. men running breathlessly behind it, in
order to reach its position in time is believed to have enormously
impressed the citizens.
[139] See Appendix VIII.
[140] See Appendix IV.
[141] The A.S.C. became R.A.S.C. 25/11/18. A.O. (362/1918.)
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.
Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added,
when a predominant preference was found in the original book.
All times have been made consistent using a decimal point and
not a mid-dot eg 6.35 A.M. All calibre sizes have been made
consistent using a mid-dot eg 3·7-inch.
The table in Appendix VII and the List of Illustrations in the
Addendum both have an asterisk Note placed at the bottom of the
table (not a Footnote).
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
Pg xi: ‘Lo s of Fosse’ replaced by ‘Loss of Fosse’.
Pg xvii: ‘Law e Farm’ replaced by ‘Lawrence Farm’.
Pg 21: ‘No. 8-Haisnes’ replaced by ‘No. 8—to Haisnes’.
Pg 115: ‘At 5.5 ’ replaced by ‘At 5.50’.
Pg 154: ‘for 2.5 ’ replaced by ‘for 2.50’.
Pg 187: ‘at 6.4 ’ replaced by ‘at 6.40’.
Pg 187: ‘by 1.2 ’ replaced by ‘by 1.20’.
Pg 336: ‘near Metern’ replaced by ‘near Meteren’.
Pg 403: ‘” to Armistice’ replaced by ‘” Armistice’.
Pg 420: ‘Beauchamp Ridge’ replaced by ‘Beaucamp Ridge’.
Memorial Addendum
Pg 14: ‘Le Mutilés’ replaced by ‘Les Mutilés’.