A
_Abridgement of the Book of Common Prayer_, 108
Adams, Abigail, 126, 155, 168-69
Adams, John, 126, 138, 140, 155-56, 163, 168-69, 184
Adams, John Quincy, 155
Adams, Matthew, 13
Adams, Samuel, 113
Addison, Joseph, 14
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of, 47
Albany, New York, 64
Alibard, Thomas François d’, 58, 103
American Philosophical Society, 45, 56
André, Major John, 162
Animal magnetism, 173-74
Anton, Franz, 173
Ants, experiment with, 57-58
Arland, Marquis d’, 165-66
Armonica, invention of the, 81
Arnold, General Benedict, 136-37, 161
Articles of Confederation, 179
Auteuil, France, 168
_Autobiography_ of Benjamin Franklin, 34, 108, 141, 184
Azyr, Felix Vicq d’, 172
B
Bache, Benjamin Franklin (Benjamin’s grandson), 107, 123, 142,
148, 155, 175, 176, 178, 185, 186
Bache, Deborah (Benjamin’s granddaughter), 185
Bache, Richard (Benjamin’s son-in-law), 101, 106, 119, 123, 125,
141, 161
Bache, Sarah Franklin (Benjamin’s daughter), 44, 78, 84, 85, 90,
95, 99, 101, 123, 147, 151, 177, 181, 182, 186
Bache, William (Benjamin’s grandson), 123
Balloon ascensions, 165-66
Bancroft, Edward, 153
Bathurst, Lord and Lady, 105
Beaumarchais, Caron de, 145, 152
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 81
Belgium, 81
_Berkshire_, ship, 26
Bermuda, 127-28
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 69
_Black Prince_, privateer, 159
_Black Princess_, privateer, 159
Bond, Dr. Thomas, 56-57
_Bonhomme Richard_, privateer, 160-61
Bonvouloir, Achard de, 134, 135
Boston, Massachusetts, 9-17, 23, 40, 49, 104, 105, 111-13, 115,
119, 123, 126, 139
Boston City Council, 16
Boston _Gazette_, 13
Boston Massacre, 105
Boston Tea Party, 115, 119
Boswell, James, 101
Braddock, General Edward, 65-66, 70, 71
Bradford, Andrew, 17, 19, 32, 33, 35
Bradford, William, 17
Brillon, Madame, 167-68, 176
British Royal Society, 25, 45, 51, 58, 59, 60, 78, 91, 100, 150,
151, 171
Brooklyn Heights, Battle of, 139
Bruere, James, 127, 128
Brussels, Holland, 81
Buffon, Count Georges Louis, 58
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 124
Burgesses, Virginia House of, 94
Burgoyne, General John, 152
Burke, Edmund, 96, 117
Burlington, New Jersey, 19, 48, 57
C
Cabanis, Georges, 172-73
Calgagnia, Jean-François, 51
Canada, 61, 136-37, 152
Canton, John, 59, 78
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 62
Charles, Jacques-Alexandre-César, 165
Charles II, King, 20
Charleston, South Carolina, 40
Chaumont, Le Ray de, 147, 155
Chaumont, Sophie de, 167
Christian VII, King, 105
Collins (Benjamin’s friend), 17
Collinson, Peter, 51, 53, 55, 58, 59, 74
“Common Sense,” 135-36, 137, 147
Concord, Battle of, 123-24
Constitutional Convention, 179-81
Continental Congress, _see_ First Continental Congress, Second
Continental Congress
Continental Navy, 129;
_see also_ Privateers
Cook, Captain James, 158, 167
Cornwallis, General Charles, 161, 162
_Craven Street Gazette_, 107
Cunaeus, 50
Cushing, Thomas, 112, 113, 118
Cutler, Manasseh, 181-82
D
Dartmouth, Lord, 96, 106, 117
Davies, Marianne, 81
Deane, Silas, 141, 144-45, 152, 153, 155
Declaration of Independence, 137-39, 147
Declaration of Rights and Grievances, 120
Deffand, Marquise du, 145-46
De Lor, 58
Denham, Thomas, 24, 26, 28
Denny, William, 71, 80
“Dialogue between Franklin and the Gout,” 171
Dickinson, John, 133
Dinwiddie, Robert, 64
“Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, A,”
25
_Drake_, H.M.S., 160
Dublin, Ireland, 105
Dubourg, Barbeu, 110, 133, 144
Du Fay, Charles François, 49
Dumas, Charles, 133
Dunning, John, 117
E
Easton, Pennsylvania, 69
“Edict by the King of Prussia,” 114-15
Edwards, Jonathan, 55
Electricity, 49-56, 58-60, 100
Empedocles, 54
England, 24-26, 47, 61, 74-83, 86, 91-99, 100-10, 111-21, 126,
150-51, 152-53, 158-59, 161
“Ephemera,” 167, 171
“Experiments and Observations in Electricity, Made at
Philadelphia, in America,” 58
F
_Fearnot_, privateer, 159
First Continental Congress, 119, 120
Fisher, Daniel, 68
Forbes, Brigadier General, 71
Fort Duquesne, 65, 66, 70-71
Fothergill, Dr. John, 58, 77, 89
Fox, Charles James, 150
France and the French, 47, 61, 64, 65, 67, 82, 93, 103, 126,
133-35, 143-54, 157-64, 165-76, 184-85, 187
Franklin, Abiah (Benjamin’s mother), 9, 40
Franklin, Benjamin, agricultural interests, 57;
ambassador to France, 158-63, 166-76;
birth, 9;
book publisher, 42;
boyhood, 9-17;
Braddock and, 65-67;
children, 38, 44;
civic improvements suggested by, 46-47, 56-57;
clerk to Pennsylvania Assembly, 41;
commissioner to France, 141, 143-54;
continental trips, 81, 101, 103-04;
courtship, 20, 34, 169;
death, 186;
Declaration of Independence and, 137-38;
delegate to Constitutional Convention, 179-81;
delegate to Second Continental Congress, 124-31, 132-41;
education, 10, 40;
educational proposals, 45-46;
electrical experiments, 51-56, 58-60, 100;
England visited by, 24-26, 74-83, 91-121;
founder of American Philosophical Society, 44-45;
France visited by, 103;
friendships in England, 100-10;
funeral of, 186;
honors, 60, 79, 81, 166-67, 177, 186-87;
Hutchinson letters and, 112-13, 115-18;
illnesses, 77-78, 93, 107, 137, 163, 164, 171, 183, 184,
185;
inventions, 11, 43-44, 45, 80-81, 178;
journey to Philadelphia, 18-19;
library for public established by, 34-35;
marriage, 34;
Masonic leader, 35, 56;
meeting with Richard Howe, 140-41;
military career, 68-71;
musical interests, 10, 81;
old age, 166-76, 177-86;
peace negotiations with England, 163;
Penn family and, 76-77, 80, 89-90, 91-92;
Pennsylvania Hospital established by, 57;
personal appearance, 11, 20, 42-43, 75, 111, 143-44, 153,
181-82;
postmaster-general of the colonies, 63, 118, 125;
postmaster of Philadelphia, 41;
printer in Philadelphia, 19-24, 29-30, 31-37, 40, 42, 47;
printer’s apprentice, 12-17;
publisher of the Courant in Boston, 16;
religious beliefs, 35, 180;
retirement, 47-48;
scientific interests, 26-27, 33, 49, 51-56, 57-60, 78, 100,
108-10, 121-22, 171-74, 182;
Stamp Act and, 92-99;
summoned before King’s Privy Council, 116-17;
vegetarian diet, 14, 18;
verse-making, 13-14, 43;
virtues, thirteen, 38-40, 41;
Voltaire and, 157;
will of, 183
Franklin, Benjamin (Benjamin’s uncle), 10
Franklin, Deborah Read (Benjamin’s wife), 20, 24, 25, 28, 34,
37, 43-44, 68, 69-70, 71, 74-75, 78, 84, 90, 95, 99,
101, 105, 107, 121
Franklin, Elizabeth (William’s wife), 85
Franklin, Francis Folger (Benjamin’s son), 38, 41, 44
Franklin, James (Benjamin’s brother), 12-13, 14, 15, 16-17, 23,
28, 40-41
Franklin, Jane, _see_ Mecom, Jane Franklin
Franklin, John (Benjamin’s brother), 42, 63
Franklin, Josiah (Benjamin’s father), 9, 10, 11-12, 14, 23, 40,
42, 105
Franklin, Lydia (Benjamin’s sister), 9
Franklin, Peter (Benjamin’s brother), 42, 63
Franklin, Sally (Benjamin’s cousin), 107
Franklin, Sarah (Sally), _see_ Bache, Sarah Franklin
Franklin, William (Benjamin’s son), 38, 44, 47, 59, 63, 65, 68,
71, 77-78, 81-83, 85, 95, 108, 119, 128, 139, 176
Franklin, William Temple (Benjamin’s grandson), 107, 111, 121,
123, 128, 139, 141, 148, 150, 152, 157, 158, 160, 171,
175, 176, 178, 186
Franklin Stove, 44, 45, 90
Frederick the Great, 114
Freedom of the press, 17, 35
Freemasonry, 35
French, Colonel, 21-22, 24
French and Indian Wars, 65, 86
French Academy of Sciences, 157, 171, 172
French Revolution, 184-85
French Royal Academy, 107
G
Gage, General Thomas, 115
Galloway, Joseph, 89, 141
Gates, General Horatio, 161
Gebelin, Count de, 171-72
George III, King, 81, 92, 93, 101, 104, 118, 120, 124, 132, 150,
151, 162
Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre, 152, 153
German Royal Academy of Sciences, 101
Germantown, Pennsylvania, 88
Gerry, Elbridge, 181
Gibbon, Edward, 148
Glover, John, 139
Gnadenhuetten, Pennsylvania, 68, 69
Göttingen, Germany, 101
Greene, Catherine Ray, 67, 85-86, 162, 168
Greene, General Nathanael, 162
Greene, William, 67, 86
Grenville, Lord George, 75-76, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97
Gruet, M., 144
Guillotin, Joseph-Ignace, 174
Gulf Stream, 121-22
H
Hadley, John, 78
Hall, David, 47
Hamilton, Andrew, 32
Hamilton, James, 62, 69
Hancock, John, 138
Harrison, Benjamin, 130, 133
Hartley, David, 158
Havre, France, 175, 176
Harvard College, 10, 15, 45, 60
Hell Fire Club, 12
Helvétius, Madame, 168-69, 176
Henry, Patrick, 94
Hessians, 139, 148
Hewitt, James, 97
Hewson, Polly Stevenson, 75, 85, 91, 103, 107, 118, 174
Hewson, William, 107, 118
Hillsborough, Earl of, 104, 106, 117
Holland, 81, 161
Holmes, Robert, 21, 22
Hortalez and Company, 144-45, 146, 184
Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 157
Howe, Admiral Lord Richard, 120, 139-40, 167
Howe, General Sir William, 123, 124, 126, 139, 151
Hughes, John, 93, 94
Hume, David, 79
Hunter, William, 63
Hutchinson, Thomas, 112, 113, 116
Hutchinson Letters, 112-13, 115-18
Hypnotism, 174
I
Indians, American, 61-62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 71, 86-88, 125, 170,
171-72, 178
“Information to Those who would Remove to America,” 169-70
Ingenhousz, Jan, 171
Ingersoll, Jared, 93, 95
Insurance company, 57
Ireland, 105
J
Jay, John, 133, 163
Jay, Maria 163
Jefferson, Thomas, 124, 138, 141, 174, 175, 185-86
Johnson, Samuel, 101
Johnson, Thomas, 133
Jones, John Paul, 160-61
Junto, the, 30-31, 34, 43, 46, 52, 88, 123
K
Kames, Lord Henry Home, 79, 89, 95, 102
Keimer, Samuel, 19-20, 21, 22, 24, 29, 33
Keith, Sir William, 21-22, 23, 24, 31, 71
_King of Prussia_, ship, 91
Kinnersley, Ebenezer, 52-53
Kleist, E. C. von, 50
Knox, Henry, 126
L
_Lady Catherine_, ship, 127, 128
Lafayette, Marquis de, 150, 162
Laurens, Henry, 162
Laurens, Colonel John, 162
Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, 171, 174
Le Despencer, Lord, 108, 114, 117
Lee, Arthur, 141, 145, 153, 155, 183
Lee, “Light-Horse Harry,” 162
Lee, Richard Henry, 137
_Letters on Philosophical Subjects_, 110
Lexington, Battle of, 123
Leyden jar, 50-51, 81, 171
_Lighthouse Tragedy, The_, 13
Lightning rods, 55-56, 58, 60, 90, 150-51
Linnaeus, 182
Livingston, Robert, 138
London, England, 24-26, 74
London _Journal_, 16
London _Spectator_, 14
Lorraine, Prince of, 81
Loudon, Lord, 71
Louis XV, King, 51, 59, 103-04, 105
Louis XVI, King, 146, 153, 154, 173, 175, 185
Lynch, Thomas, 130
M
Marchant, Captain Stephen, 159
Marie Antoinette, Queen, 81, 154
Marion, Francis, 162
Massachusetts Assembly, 104, 112, 113, 117, 118
Massachusetts Committee of Safety, 123
Mather, Cotton, 12
Mecom, Edward, 40
Mecom, Jane Franklin (Benjamin’s daughter), 9, 10, 40, 130-31,
183, 187
Meredith, Hugh, 29-30, 31-32
Mesmer, Dr., 174
Mifflin, Thomas, 183
Militia, Pennsylvania, 47, 68-71, 88, 125
Minutemen, 123-24
Mirabeau, Count de, 187
Montgomery, General Richard, 136
Montreal, Canada, 136, 137
Moravians, 68, 69, 86
Morgan, Daniel, 162
Morris, Robert, 128-29
Morris, Robert Hunter, 68, 70-71
Mozart, Wolfgang, 81
Musschenbroek, Pieter van, 50, 81
N
Nairne, Edward, 171
Nantes, France, 143-44
“Narrative of the Late Massacres in Lancaster County,” 87
“Nature and Necessity of Paper Money, The,” 32
New Castle, Pennsylvania, 47
_New England Courant_, 13, 15, 16
Newport, Rhode Island, 40, 53
Newton, Sir Isaac, 25
New York City, 17, 71, 137, 186-87
Nollet, Abbé Jean-Antoine, 51
North, Lord, 104, 125
Northwest Passage, search for, 57
O
Oliver, Andrew, 112, 113, 116
“On the Slave Trade,” 185
Oxford University, 81
P
Paine, Thomas, 119, 135-36, 138, 147, 162, 164, 178
Palmer (London printer), 25
Paper currency, 32
Paris, Ferdinand John, 77
Paris, France, 144, 161, 165
Paris, Treaty of (1763), 86
Paris, Treaty of (1783), 163
Passy, France, 151, 152, 155, 162, 163, 165, 167-69, 172, 175-76
Paxton Boys, 86-87, 88-89
Peabody, Mrs., 14
Penal code revision, 178
Penn, John, 76, 87, 88, 89, 90
Penn, Richard, 76
Penn, Thomas, 61, 62, 68, 70, 76-77, 89
Penn, William, 20, 21, 61, 62, 76, 87, 110
Pennsylvania Academy, 46, 79, 139
Pennsylvania Assembly, 32, 41, 47, 56, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 76,
79, 80, 85, 87, 89, 99, 125, 177, 178
_Pennsylvania Gazette_, 33, 35-36, 41, 42, 60, 64
Pennsylvania Hospital, 57
_Pennsylvania Magazine_, 135
_Pennsylvania Packet_, ship, 121
Perth Amboy, New Jersey, 19
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 18, 19, 20-21, 26, 27, 32, 46-47,
87, 110, 123, 125, 177, 179, 186
Philadelphia City Council, 56
_Philadelphia Gazette_, 56
_Pilgrim’s Progress_, 10
Pinel, Philippe, 168
Pitt, William (Lord Chatham), 80, 101-02, 104, 120
“Plain Truth,” 47
_Plutarch’s Lives_, 10
Police force, Philadelphia, 46
_Poor Richard’ s Almanack_, 36-37, 42, 56, 60, 73-74
Portsmouth, England, 109
Pratt, Charles, 77, 80
Priestley, Joseph, 100, 117, 118, 121, 131, 171, 173
Pringle, Sir John, 78, 100-01, 103-04, 150, 151
Privateers, 159-61
“Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge Among British
Plantations in North America,” 44-45
“Proposal Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania,”
45-46
_Public Advertiser_, London, 113, 116
Puysegur, Marquis de, 174
Pyrmont, Germany, 101
Q
Quebec, Canada, 136
Queensberry, Duke of, 117
Quincy, Josiah, 136, 163-64
R
Ralph, James, 21, 24, 25
Rancocas, New Jersey, 178
_Ranger_, privateer, 160
Raspe, Rudolf Erich, 101
Ray, Catherine, _see_ Greene, Catherine Ray
Read, Deborah, _see_ Franklin, Deborah Read
“Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America,” 170
_Reprisal_, sloop, 142, 143
Revere, Paul, 123
Revolutionary War, 123-31, 132-42, 147, 148, 149-50, 151-52,
157, 158-63
Rochambeau, General, 162
Rockingham, Marquis of, 94, 96, 101, 150
Rozier, Pilâtre de, 165
“Rules by Which a Great Empire may be Reduced to a Small One,”
113-14, 115
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 57
Rutledge, Edward, 140
Ryan, Luke, 159
S
St. Andrews University, 79
St. Eustatius, West Indies, 129, 161
St. George, Bermuda, 127
Sandwich, Earl of, 117
Saratoga, Battle of, 152
_Savannah Pacquet_, ship, 127, 128
Scotland, 79
Scotosh, Chief, 178
Second Continental Congress, 124-30, 132-41, 151, 157-58, 161,
163, 166, 174, 175, 178, 179, 183, 185
_Serapis_, H.M.S., 161
Shelburne, Earl of, 103, 104, 108, 175
Sherman, Roger, 138
Shipley, Jonathan, 107-08
Shipley, Kitty, 111
Shirley, Governor, 67
Six Nations, 62, 64, 87
Slaves and slavery, 9, 16, 36, 75, 138, 185
Sloane, Sir Hans, 25
Smallpox epidemics, 13, 41, 86
Smith, Adam, 79
Smith, William, 79, 84, 187
Socrates, 14-15, 20
Sons of Liberty, 94
Soulavie, Abbé, 172
Southampton, England, 176
Spain, 47, 126, 152
Spencer, Dr. Adam, 49
Stamp Act, 92-99, 102
Steele, Richard, 14
Steuben, Baron von, 150
Stevenson, Margaret, 75, 77, 91, 99, 107, 174
Stevenson, Polly, _see_ Hewson, Polly Stevenson
Storage battery, 52-53
Stormont, Lord, 147, 148, 158
Strahan, William, 74, 132-33
Sullivan, General John, 140
Swaine, Captain Charles, 57
Swift, Jonathan, 26
Synge, Philip, 52
T
Temple, John, 115-16, 117
Townshend, Charles, 102, 104
Townshend Acts, 102, 104
Trenton, Battle of, 148
Tryon, Mr., 14, 18
Tucker, Colonel Henry, 127
Turgot, Baron, 157, 168
U
Union Fire Company of Philadelphia, 47
_Universal Instructor in All Arts and Science, and Pennsylvania
Gazette_, 33
V
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 150
Vergennes, Count Charles Gravier de, 134, 135, 145, 146, 151,
152, 153, 154
Versailles, France, 104, 145, 154
Virginia Resolves, 94
Voltaire, 157, 168
W
Walking Purchase, the, 61-62
Warwick, Rhode Island, 130
Washington, General George, 64, 65, 66, 71, 124, 126, 130, 135,
137, 139, 148, 150, 162, 178, 179, 183, 185
Watt (London printer), 25
“Way to Wealth, The,” 74, 110, 147
Wedderburn, Alexander, 117-18
Wentworth, Paul, 152-53
Whately, William, 115, 116, 117
Whig Club, 80
“Whistle, The,” 171
Whitehead, Paul, 114-15
William and Mary College, 45, 60
Williamsburg, Virginia, 45, 94
Wilson, Benjamin, 150, 162
Wilson, James, 180
Wygate (Benjamin’s London friend), 25-26
Wyndham, Sir William, 26
X
Xenophon’s _Memorabilia_, 14
Y
Yale College, 45, 60
Yorke, Charles, 77, 80
Yorktown, Battle of, 162
Z
Zenger, Peter, 17