FALL OF METZ ANNOUNCED.--THE BAVARIANS EVACUATE ORLEANS.--OUR DIFFICULT
POSITION.--WE ARE TOLD OFF TO THE BATTLEFIELD.--THE ENGAGEMENT AND
VICTORY OF THE FRENCH.
On 28th Oct. the inhabitants of Orleans had read with dismay and
amazement the official report, printed and posted up as a placard on
their walls, of the surrender of Bazaine with his army, and the
capitulation of Metz. The majority were of opinion that the Marshal was
nothing but a traitor. Many, nevertheless, whom I met, scorned to
entertain such an opinion; whilst others went so far as to declare that
the whole thing was a German lie.
But to return to the subject of our Hospital. The wounded, as I have
already stated, came straggling in by twos and threes, bringing with
them reports of numerous skirmishes, which, according to their accounts,
invariably terminated in victory for the Germans. On the 6th and 7th
November, large caravans of wounded came into Orleans; and we now became
aware, through information gained from them, that the great Army of the
Loire, so much vaunted by the French, and which up to this moment we
thought had existed only in the imagination of the townsfolk, was no
myth, but a reality; while these convoys of wounded were the result of
something far more serious than skirmishes between the outposts.
With all this there was very little excitement in the town; and the
evening of the 8th arrived without anything happening to disturb the
ordinary routine of our Hospital work. About eight o'clock our Chief was
summoned to the headquarters of the Bavarian Commandant. Here he was
privately informed that the troops were going to evacuate Orleans that
very night; that there would most likely be a general engagement on the
morrow outside the town; and that, as they would be obliged to withdraw
their Field Hospital corps and their surgeons, they laid upon our
Ambulance the task of looking after all the wounded in their absence,
and thus formally delivered them over to our charge.
When we heard of this most unexpected move, we were, as may be supposed,
not a little excited. We could hardly believe that such a thing had
happened to the ever-victorious armies of the Fatherland as a set-back,
compelling them to give up this important position; and to describe our
state of mind during that night would be difficult. I had gone to the
Hospital about seven o'clock to see some patients, and all seemed quiet
and peaceable. Now, I could not help thinking that it would be a
sterling proof of the admirable organisation and discipline of an army
amounting to 15,000 men, if, at a couple of hours' notice, it could
evacuate, during the dead of the night, a large town like Orleans,
carrying away arms, ammunition, and a heavy train of guns, without the
knowledge of any but a few among the citizens. Some must have had their
suspicions aroused by the preparations which were already being made in
the Parks. But, until the appointed moment, when the bugle sounded, and
the whole garrison turned out to join their regiments, by far the
greater proportion of the inhabitants suspected nothing. Eleven o'clock
P.M. was the hour appointed to commence the evacuation.
At half-past ten I took my stand at the door of 64 Quai du Châtelet; and
as the clock tolled eleven, I saw the sentries on the bridges leaving
their posts and filing off in the direction of the Place Martroi.
Presently, battalion after battalion marched past, on their way from the
quarters in the side streets which adjoined the Quai. To our great grief
we found that our infirmarians were also ordered out, leaving not a soul
in charge of the Hospital, except the two surgeons on duty and their
assistants. These had to minister, as best they could, to the wants of
the poor deserted patients. The truth was that the Germans could not
spare a single man, and were compelled to take them along with the Army.
Some days before this, the bridge next us had been mined, and the powder
laid; we expected that it would be blown up during the night. As this
bridge was no more than a hundred yards from my bedroom window, I
retired to rest with such pleasant anticipations as may be supposed.
But, in spite of the excitement, I was quite overcome by fatigue, having
been at work all that day, and on duty the previous night; so that, in
my drowsy mood, I seemed to care little whether the bridge or myself
took an aerial flight. Next morning I repaired to the Hospital at six to
look after my wounded. On my way through the town I was astonished to
meet several pickets marching along the streets; but not another
soldier, save a few sentries, was now in the place; the latter being
left, as I afterwards heard, merely to keep up appearances. Everything
that they did not want to carry away with them the Germans put into a
luggage train, which started from the platform of our Hospital during
the night.
Great excitement now prevailed among the townspeople, and they moved
about the streets in crowds. All this time a heavy cannonade was going
on at the North-West side, in the direction of Orme; and the din and
roll of battle apprised us of the fact that a hot engagement was being
carried on not far off. Multitudes surged up on the bridge, and kept
their gaze fixed in the direction of the fighting, which was indicated,
not only by the booming of cannon, but by the wreaths of smoke which we
could see many miles away, ascending in the still air. All these
spectators chattered and gesticulated vehemently; nor could anything
exceed their emotion. They ran about shaking each other by the hands in
a fever of excitement, as the hour of their deliverance drew on apace.
Once again I saw wreaths of _immortelles_ placed upon the statue of the
Heroic Maid, which stands with drawn sword by the river.
When we had got through our Hospital work, we received orders to prepare
for an expedition to the field of battle. It had been determined,
however, that, in any circumstances, we should return to the Hospital
that night, and take up our medical duties again.
It was only now that we realised the awkwardness of our situation. Bound
to stand our ground, no matter who might be victorious (though none of
us anticipated the defeat of the Germans), the possibility of a French
victory and a fresh occupation of Orleans by the latter, filled us with
disquietude. We were under the direction of the foreigners, identified
with their cause, receiving our orders from them. Our sympathies were
supposed to be Prussian, while our Hospital and ourselves had been
maintained by requisitions on the town. Hence the question arose, what
kind of treatment should we receive at the hands of our new masters,
when the last of the Germans had quitted Orleans? Would they, in the
flush and the tumult of victory, overlook the fact that we were
neutrals, engaged simply in alleviating the horrors of war? It seemed
not to be impossible, so far as the population was concerned. But again,
would the French military admit of our claims to be an International
Ambulance? or take us prisoners and send us beyond the frontier? for
they could not detain us under the Convention of Geneva. Such were our
speculations when we left the town about 9 A.M. in our Ambulance
waggons, and with our flags flying. Drs. Parker and Warren were left
behind in charge of the Hospital. We took the road to Coulmiers, where
the firing was heaviest, and from which place it appeared to be rapidly
extending northwards.
As we passed along, the crowd on the bridge gave us a friendly cheer,
and I cannot recall a salutation that caused us more pleasure. The town
was still in the possession of the Germans, although their only
representatives were an under officer and a handful of men on sentry
duty, who could at any moment have been easily overpowered by the mob.
As our conveyances rolled through the gate of the Faubourg St. Jean,
leading out into the open country, we were surprised to find a solitary
German on guard, who saluted us as we passed. Probably he was even then
convinced of his approaching fate; but he knew his duty too well to
abandon his post. There, as Dr. Warren afterwards told us, he remained
until the French came and relieved him of his guard for ever.
In half an hour from our exit, we came up with a Bavarian battalion,
consisting of a regiment of 2000 men, about 300 cavalry, and a battery
of guns. Many of the officers were old friends of ours, and received us
very kindly. They were short of surgeons, and prevailed on us to stay
with them; saying that every minute they expected to be called into
action, and to receive their orders to advance. Our position, at this
time, was close in the rear of the fighting Bavarian army, and within
sight of the field of battle.
Thus it was that we were placed on the high road, upon a little rising
ground which commanded a view of the country between Baccon and
Coulmiers. Thence we saw that a fierce battle was raging, a host of
above 60,000 Frenchmen giving fight to perhaps some 15,000 Bavarians.
The result of so uneven a match became evident very early in the day. A
short time after noon, the South Germans had retreated from their
position in the woods and village in front of us, and the French were
appearing in force on the ground that their opponents had occupied an
hour previously.
The firing was now vigorous and incessant: the din and roar of battle
were something tremendous; and the French bombshells fell short of us
only by a few hundred yards. Our party, which was halting in ambush, and
as yet unperceived by the enemy, every moment expected the order to
advance. For ourselves the suspense was most painful, and yet we had to
remain there stationary for as much as an hour. During all this time the
men were in their ranks, ready for action. In that vast concourse not a
word was spoken: all appeared sullen and out of spirits; but that
sullenness was usual with them. Some, overcome by fatigue and
hunger--for they had not tasted anything but the bread which they
carried since the previous night--slept soundly just as they were,
leaning back on their knapsacks. While these slept, the others watched
their comrades being picked off on the plain below, apparently without
the smallest concern or excitement. Thus did they placidly view the
course of the battle, awaiting their turn to join in the fray, and add
to the number of the dead or dying.
About three o'clock the artillery fire slackened, and we joined in the
general backward movement which took place along the whole line. The
rattle of musketry resounded on every side of us, and was kept up
without intermission. The Bavarians, though fighting hard, were now
rapidly losing ground; and the French were not only advancing as fast as
they gave way, but threatening to close in upon them all round. They
were likewise striving to outflank them on the right; so that, by
half-past three, the German soldiers found themselves compelled to
retreat, though fighting still, lest the enemy should effect this
object. Thus, with the Loire at our back, we had only a narrow strip of
country between us and Orleans, by which to make good our escape. The
French, who swarmed along in every direction, fought desperately; and,
in particular, one regiment of Chasseurs à Pieds and Gardes Mobiles made
a most brilliant charge against the trained Bavarian veterans, who were
occupying in force the heights of Renardier. From this place they
dislodged the Teutons, who had then to join our force in the general
retreat.
By four o'clock on this autumnal day it was quite dark. The firing
gradually ceased, and the French remained in possession of all they had
captured. Now on the Bavarian side there was a general order given to
retreat; it was obeyed with alacrity. We followed the defeated army for
some distance; but when we learned that Étampes was their destination,
and that the German troops were utterly to abandon Orleans, we parted
company with them; for under any circumstances, and at all risks, we
were bound to return to our Hospital. From the first sound of the
retreat, which was carried out in quite an orderly but still in a
precipitate manner, we expected every moment to hear the French Cavalry
coming down upon us. It had been rumoured that they were present in
great force. This pleasant expectation compelled us to hasten our steps,
but neither we nor (as it turned out afterwards) any of the German
troops experienced the least molestation in our rapid retreat. What was
the explanation of so remarkable a pause in pursuit, considering that
General d'Aureilles de Paladine had a host of mounted men at his
command? We were told by the French that it was the result of
interference on the part of M. Léon Gambetta, who forbade Paladine to
follow up his victory. M. Gambetta suspected that the flight of the
Bavarians was a ruse to entice the French into a trap. He dreamed that
they had an auxiliary force somewhere in the neighbourhood, which might
surround the Army of the Loire, and bring about its irreparable ruin.
Whatever may have been the reason, certain it is that the Bavarians were
saved from annihilation. They retreated that night in perfect safety,
and were joined next day by the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg. They had
allowed the French to gain a victory, which proved to be their first and
last in this sanguinary contest.