THE CLOSING SCENES AT WASHINGTON.
Last interview with Mr. Lincoln--Why Jacob Thompson escaped--At the
deathbed of the murdered President--Searching for the assassins--The
letters which Mr. Lincoln had docketed "Assassination"--At the
conspiracy trial--The Confederate secret cipher--Jefferson Davis's
capture and imprisonment--A visit to the Confederate President at
Fortress Monroe--The grand review of the Union armies--The meeting
between Stanton and Sherman--End of Mr. Dana's connection with the
War Department.
It was one of my duties at this time to receive the reports of the
officers of the secret service in every part of the country. On the
afternoon of the 14th of April--it was Good Friday--I got a telegram
from the provost marshal in Portland, Me., saying: "I have positive
information that Jacob Thompson will pass through Portland to-night, in
order to take a steamer for England. What are your orders?"
Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, had been Secretary of the Interior in
President Buchanan's administration. He was a conspicuous secessionist,
and for some time had been employed in Canada as a semi-diplomatic agent
of the Confederate Government. He had been organizing all sorts of
trouble and getting up raids, of which the notorious attack on St.
Albans, Vt., was a specimen. I took the telegram and went down and read
it to Mr. Stanton. His order was prompt: "Arrest him!" But as I was
going out of the door he called to me and said: "No, wait; better go
over and see the President."
At the White House all the work of the day was over, and I went into the
President's business room without meeting any one. Opening the door,
there seemed to be no one there, but, as I was turning to go out, Mr.
Lincoln called to me from a little side room, where he was washing his
hands:
"Halloo, Dana!" said he. "What is it? What's up?"
Then I read him the telegram from Portland.
"What does Stanton say?" he asked.
"He says arrest him, but that I should refer the question to you."
"Well," said the President slowly, wiping his hands, "no, I rather think
not. When you have got an elephant by the hind leg, and he's trying to
run away, it's best to let him run."
With this direction, I returned to the War Department.
"Well, what says he?" asked Mr. Stanton.
"He says that when you have got an elephant by the hind leg, and he is
trying to run away, it's best to let him run."
"Oh, stuff!" said Stanton.
That night I was awakened from a sound sleep by a messenger with the
news that Mr. Lincoln had been shot, and that the Secretary wanted me at
a house in Tenth Street. I found the President with a bullet wound in
the head, lying unconscious, though breathing heavily, on a bed in a
small side room, while all the members of the Cabinet, and the Chief
Justice with them, were gathered in the adjoining parlor. They seemed to
be almost as much paralyzed as the unconscious sufferer within the
little chamber. The surgeons said there was no hope. Mr. Stanton alone
was in full activity.
"Sit down here," said he; "I want you."
Then he began and dictated orders, one after another, which I wrote out
and sent swiftly to the telegraph. All these orders were designed to
keep the business of the Government in full motion until the crisis
should be over. It seemed as if Mr. Stanton thought of everything, and
there was a great deal to be thought of that night. The extent of the
conspiracy was, of course, unknown, and the horrible beginning which had
been made naturally led us to suspect the worst. The safety of
Washington must be looked after. Commanders all over the country had to
be ordered to take extra precautions. The people must be notified of the
tragedy. The assassins must be captured. The coolness and
clearheadedness of Mr. Stanton under these circumstances were most
remarkable. I remember that one of his first telegrams was to General
Dix, the military commander of New York, notifying him of what had
happened. No clearer brief account of the tragedy exists to-day than
this, written scarcely three hours after the scene in Ford's Theater, on
a little stand in the room where, a few feet away, Mr. Lincoln lay
dying.
I remained with Mr. Stanton until perhaps three o'clock in the morning.
Then he said: "That's enough. Now you may go home."
When I left, the President was still alive, breathing heavily and
regularly, though, of course, quite unconscious. About eight o'clock I
was awakened by a rapping on a lower window. It was Colonel Pelouze, of
the adjutant-general's office, and he said:
"Mr. Dana, the President is dead, and Mr. Stanton directs you to arrest
Jacob Thompson."
The order was sent to Portland, but Thompson couldn't be found there. He
had taken the Canadian route to Halifax.
The whole machinery of the War Department was now employed in the effort
to secure the murderer of the President and his accomplices. As soon as
I had recovered from the first shock of Mr. Lincoln's death, I
remembered that in the previous November I had received from General Dix
the following letter:
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
NEW YORK CITY, _November 17, 1864_.
C. A. DANA, Esq.
MY DEAR SIR: The inclosed was picked up in a Third Avenue railroad
car. I should have thought the whole thing got up for the Sunday
Mercury but for the genuine letter from St. Louis in a female hand.
The Charles Selby is obviously a manufacture. The party who dropped
the letter was heard to say he would start for Washington Friday
night. He is of medium size, has black hair and whiskers, but the
latter are believed to be a disguise. He had disappeared before the
letter was picked up and examined.
Yours truly, JOHN A. DIX.
There were two inclosures, this being one of them:
DEAR LOUIS: The time has at last come that we have all so wished
for, and upon you everything depends. As it was decided before you
left, we were to cast lots. Accordingly we did so, and you are to be
the Charlotte Corday of the nineteenth century. When you remember
the fearful, solemn vow that was taken by us, you will feel there is
no drawback--Abe must die, and now. You can choose your weapons. The
cup, the knife, the bullet. The cup failed us once, and might again.
Johnson, who will give this, has been like an enraged demon since
the meeting, because it has not fallen upon him to rid the world of
the monster. He says the blood of his gray-haired father and his
noble brother call upon him for revenge, and revenge he will have;
if he can not wreak it upon the fountain-head, he will upon some of
the bloodthirsty generals. Butler would suit him. As our plans were
all concocted and well arranged, we separated, and as I am
writing--on my way to Detroit--I will only say that all rests upon
you. You know where to find your friends. Your disguises are so
perfect and complete that without one knew your face no police
telegraphic dispatch would catch you. The English gentleman
"Harcourt" must not act hastily. Remember he has ten days. Strike
for your home, strike for your country; bide your time, but strike
sure. Get introduced, congratulate him, listen to his stories--not
many more will the brute tell to earthly friends. Do anything but
fail, and meet us at the appointed place within the fortnight.
Inclose this note, together with one of poor Leenea. I will give the
reason for this when we meet. Return by Johnson. I wish I could go
to you, but duty calls me to the West; you will probably hear from
me in Washington. Sanders is doing us no good in Canada.
Believe me, your brother in love,
CHARLES SELBY.
The other was in a woman's handwriting:
ST. LOUIS, _October 21, 1864_.
DEAREST HUSBAND: Why do you not come home? You left me for ten days
only, and you now have been from home more than two weeks. In that
long time only sent me one short note--a few cold words--and a
check for money, which I did not require. What has come over you?
Have you forgotten your wife and child? Baby calls for papa until
my heart aches. We are so lonely without you. I have written to you
again and again, and, as a last resource, yesterday wrote to
Charlie, begging him to see you and tell you to come home. I am so
ill, not able to leave my room; if I was, I would go to you
wherever you were, if in this world. Mamma says I must not write
any more, as I am too weak. Louis, darling, do not stay away any
longer from your heart-broken wife.
LEENEA.
On reading the letters, I had taken them at once to President Lincoln.
He looked at them, but made no special remark, and, in fact, seemed to
attach very little importance to them. I left them with him.
I now reminded Mr. Stanton of this circumstance, and he asked me to go
immediately to the White House and see if I could find the letters. I
thought it rather doubtful, for I knew the President received a great
many communications of a similar nature. However, I went over, and made
a thorough search through his private desk. He seemed to have attached
more importance to these papers than to others of the kind, for I found
them inclosed in an envelope marked in his own handwriting,
"Assassination." I kept the letters by me for some time, and then
delivered them to Judge John A. Bingham, special judge advocate in the
conspiracy trial. Judge Bingham seemed to think them of importance, and
asked me to have General Dix send the finder down to Washington. I wired
at once to the general. He replied that it was a woman who had found
the letters; that she was keeping a small store in New York, had several
children, was a widow, and had no servant; that she would have to find
some one to take care of her house, but would be in Washington in a day
or two.
A few days later she came. I was not in town when Mrs. Hudspeth, as her
name proved to be, arrived. I had gone to Chicago, but from the woman's
testimony on May 12th, I learned that in November, 1864, just after the
presidential election, and on the day, she said, on which General Butler
left New York, she had overheard a curious conversation between two men
in a Third Avenue car in New York city. She had observed, when a jolt of
the car pushed the hat of one of the men forward, that he wore false
whiskers. She had noticed that his hand was very beautiful; that he
carried a pistol in his belt; that, judging from his conversation, he
was a young man of education; she heard him say that he was going to
Washington that day. The young men left the car before she did, and
after they had gone her daughter, who was with her, had picked up a
letter from the floor. Mrs. Hudspeth, thinking it belonged to her, had
carried it from the car. She afterward discovered the two letters
printed above, and took them to General Scott, who, upon reading them,
said they were of great importance, and sent her to General Dix. When a
photograph of Booth was shown to Mrs. Hudspeth, she swore that it was
the man in disguise whom she had seen in the car. It was found that
Booth was in New York on the day that she indicated--that is, the day
General Butler left New York, November 11th--and likewise that Booth
had gone from there to Washington, as she had heard this man say he was
going to do. The inference was that the man who had dropped the letter
was Booth.
I was afterward called to the stand, on June 9th, to testify about the
letters. Judge Bingham used these documents as a link in his chain of
evidence showing that a conspiracy existed "to kill and murder Abraham
Lincoln, William H. Seward, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Edwin M.
Stanton, and others of his advisers," and that Booth was a partner in
this conspiracy.
I have said that I was in Chicago when Mrs. Hudspeth gave her testimony.
Just after I reached there I received from Major T. F. Eckert, the head
of the military telegraph, a message saying that the court wanted me
immediately as a witness in the conspiracy trial. I returned at once,
and on the 18th of May appeared in court. I was wanted that I might
testify to the identity of a key to a secret cipher which I had found on
the 6th of April in Richmond. On that day I had gone into the office of
Mr. Benjamin, the Confederate Secretary of State; on a shelf, among Mr.
Benjamin's books and other things, I had found a secret cipher key.[E] I
saw it was the key to the official Confederate cipher, and, as we had
at times to decipher at the War Department a good many documents written
in that cipher, it seemed to me of interest, and I brought it away, with
several other interesting documents. When I returned to Washington I
gave it to Major Eckert, who had charge of cipher dispatches in the War
Department.
Now, on the night of Mr. Lincoln's assassination, Lieutenant W. H. Terry
had been sent to the National Hotel to seize the trunk of J. Wilkes
Booth. Among other things, he had found a paper containing a secret
cipher. When this was given to Major Eckert, he immediately saw that it
was the same as the one which I had found in Richmond. It was thought
that possibly by means of this evidence it could be shown that Booth was
in communication with the Confederate Government. I was called back to
identify the cipher key. Major Eckert at the same time presented
dispatches written in the cipher found in Booth's trunk and sent from
Canada to the Confederates. They had been captured and taken to the War
Department, where copies of them were made. By the key which I had found
these dispatches could be read. These dispatches indicated plots against
the leaders of our Government, though whether Booth had sent them or not
was, of course, never known.
Throughout the period of the trial I was constantly receiving and
answering messages and letters relative to the examination or arrest of
persons suspected of being connected with the affair. In most cases
neither the examinations nor arrests led to anything. The persons had
been acquaintances of the known conspirators, or they had been heard to
utter disloyal sentiments and had been reported to the department by
zealous Unionists. It was necessary, however, under the circumstances,
to follow up every clew given us, and, under Mr. Stanton's directions, I
gave attention to all cases reported.
While the trial was going on in Washington, Jefferson Davis was
captured, on May 10th, near Irwinsville, Ga., by a detachment of General
Wilson's cavalry. Mr. Davis and his family, with Alexander H. Stephens,
lately Vice-President of the Confederacy, John H. Reagan, Postmaster
General, Clement C. Clay, and other State prisoners, were sent to
Fortress Monroe. The propeller Clyde, with the party on board, reached
Hampton Roads on May 19th. The next day, May 20th, Mr. Stanton sent for
me to come to his office. He told me where Davis was, and said that he
had ordered General Nelson A. Miles to go to Hampton Roads to take
charge of the prisoners, transferring them from the Clyde to the
fortress. Mr. Stanton was much concerned lest Davis should commit
suicide; he said that he himself would do so in like circumstances. "I
want you to go to Fortress Monroe," he said, "and caution General Miles
against leaving Davis any possible method of suicide; tell him to put
him in fetters, if necessary. Davis must be brought to trial; he must
not be allowed to kill himself." Mr. Stanton also told me that he wanted
a representative of the War Department down there to see what the
military was doing, and to give suggestions and make criticisms and send
him full reports.
The status of Jefferson Davis at the time explains Mr. Stanton's
anxiety. It should be remembered that Davis had not surrendered when the
capital of the Confederacy, Richmond, was captured; neither had he
surrendered with either of the two principal armies under Lee and
Johnston. At that time the whole Confederate army west of the
Mississippi was still at large. To allow Davis to join this force was
only to give the Confederacy an opportunity to reassemble the forces
still unsurrendered and make another stand for life. Even more important
than this consideration was the fact that Davis was charged, in
President Johnson's proclamation of May 2, 1865, offering a reward for
his capture, with instigating the assassination of President Lincoln:
_Whereas_, It appears, from evidence in the Bureau of Military
Justice, that the atrocious murder of the late President, Abraham
Lincoln, and the attempted assassination of the Hon. W. H. Seward,
Secretary of State, were incited, concerted, and procured by and
between Jefferson Davis, late of Richmond, Va., ... and other rebels
and traitors against the Government of the United States, harbored
in Canada;
Now, therefore, to the end that justice may be done, I, Andrew
Johnson, President of the United States, do offer and promise for
the arrest of said persons or either of them, within the limits of
the United States, so that they can be brought to trial, the
following rewards: One hundred thousand dollars for the arrest of
Jefferson Davis ... The provost marshal general of the United
States is directed to cause the descriptions of said persons, with
notice of the above rewards, to be published.
It was with the above facts in mind that I started for Hampton Roads on
May 20th. On the 22d the prisoners were transferred from the Clyde to
the fortress. The quarter selected for Davis's prison was a casemate
such as at that time, as well as at the present, is occupied by officers
and their families. In fact, an officer with his family was moved out of
the particular casemate in which Davis was placed. Any one who will take
the trouble to visit Fortress Monroe can see the place still, and it
certainly has not to-day a gloomy or forbidding appearance. The whole
scene of the transfer I described in a long telegram which I sent to Mr.
Stanton on the 22d. As it contains my fresh impressions, and has never
before been published, I give it here in full:
From FORTRESS MONROE, 1 P.M., _May 22, 1865_.
Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:
The two prisoners have just been placed in their respective
casemates. The sentries are stationed both within and without their
doors. The bars and locks are fastened, and the regular routine of
their imprisonment has begun. At precisely one o'clock General
Miles left with a tug and a guard from the garrison to go for Davis
and Clay. At half past one the tug left the Clyde for the fortress.
She landed at the engineers' wharf, and the procession, led by the
cavalrymen of Colonel Pritchard's command, moved through the water
battery on the east front of the fortress and entered by a postern
leading from that battery. The cavalrymen were followed by General
Miles, holding Davis by the right arm. Next came half a dozen
soldiers, and then Colonel Pritchard with Clay, and last the guard
which Miles took out with him. The arrangements were excellent and
successful, and not a single curious spectator was any where in
sight.
Davis bore himself with a haughty attitude. His face was somewhat
flushed, but his features were composed and his step firm. In
Clay's manner there was less expression of bravado and dramatic
determination. Both were dressed in gray, with drab slouched hats.
Davis wore a thin dark overcoat. His hair and beard are not so gray
as has been reported, and he seems very much less worn and broken
by anxiety and labor than Mr. Blair reported when he returned from
Richmond last winter. The parties were not informed that they were
not to be removed to the fortress until General Miles went on board
the Clyde, but they had before learned generally what was their
destination.
From his staff officers Davis parted yesterday, shedding tears at
the separation. The same scene has just been renewed at his parting
from Harrison, his private secretary, who left at one o'clock for
Washington. In leaving his wife and children he exhibited no great
emotion, though she was violently affected. He told her she would
be allowed to see him in the course of the day. Clay took leave of
his wife in private, and he was not seen by the officers. Both
asked to see General Halleck, but he will not see them.
The arrangements for the security of the prisoners seem to me as
complete as could be desired. Each one occupies the inner room of a
casemate; the window is heavily barred. A sentry stands within,
before each of the doors leading into the outer room. These doors
are to be grated, but are now secured by bars fastened on the
outside. Two other sentries stand outside of these doors. An
officer is also constantly on duty in the outer room, whose duty is
to see his prisoners every fifteen minutes. The outer door of all
is locked on the outside, and the key is kept exclusively by the
general officer of the guard. Two sentries are also stationed
without that door, and a strong line of sentries cuts off all
access to the vicinity of the casemates. Another line is stationed
on the top of the parapet overhead, and a third line is posted
across the moats on the counterscarps opposite the places of
confinement. The casemates on each side and between these occupied
by the prisoners are used as guard rooms, and soldiers are always
there. A lamp is constantly kept burning in each of the rooms. The
furniture of each prisoner is a hospital bed, with iron bedstead,
chair and table, and a movable stool closet. A Bible is allowed to
each. I have not given orders to have them placed in irons, as
General Halleck seemed opposed to it, but General Miles is
instructed to have fetters ready if he thinks them necessary. The
prisoners are to be supplied with soldiers' rations, cooked by the
guard. Their linen will be issued to them in the same way. I shall
be back to-morrow morning.
C. A. DANA.
Before leaving Fortress Monroe, on May 22d, I made out for General Miles
the order here printed in facsimile:
[Illustration: Fortress Monroe May 22, 1865.
Brevet Major General Miles is hereby authorized and directed to
place manacles and fetters upon the hands and feet of Jefferson Davis
and Clement C. Clay Jr, whenever he may think it advisable in order to
render their imprisonment more secure.
By order of the Secretary of War.
C. A. Dana. A. Secretary of War.]
This order was General Miles's authority for placing fetters upon Davis
a day or two later, when he found it necessary to change the inner doors
of the casemate, which were light wooden ones, without locks. While
these doors were being changed for grated ones, anklets were placed on
Davis; they did not prevent his walking, but did prevent any attempt to
jump past the guard, and they also prevented him from running. As soon
as the doors were changed (it required three days, I think), the anklets
were removed. I believe that every care was taken during Mr. Davis's
imprisonment to remove cause for complaint. Medical officers were
directed to superintend his meals and give him everything that would
excite his appetite. As it was complained that his quarters in the
casemate were unhealthy and disagreeable, he was, after a few weeks,
transferred to Carroll Hall, a building still occupied by officers and
soldiers. That Davis's health was not ruined by his imprisonment at
Fortress Monroe is proved by the fact that he came out of the prison in
better condition than when he went in, and that he lived for twenty
years afterward, and died of old age.
I hurried back to Washington from Fortress Monroe to be present at the
grand review of the Armies of the Potomac and Tennessee, which had been
arranged for May 23d and 24th. I reached the city early in the morning.
The streets were all alive with detachments of soldiers marching toward
Capitol Hill, for it was there that the parade was to start. Thousands
of visitors were also in the streets.
May 23d was given up to the review of the Army of the Potomac, and by
nine o'clock General Meade and his staff, at the head of the army,
started from the Capitol. Soon after, I joined the company on the
reviewing officers' stand, in front of the White House, in just the
place which the reviewing stand now occupies on inauguration days.
President Johnson had the central position on the platform. Upon his
right, a seat was retained for the commander of the corps undergoing
review. As soon as the corps commander with his staff had passed the
grand stand at the head of his troops, he rode into the grounds of the
White House, dismounted, and came to take his position at the right of
Mr. Johnson, while his troops continued their march. When all his men
had passed, he gave up his place to the commander of the next corps in
the column, and so on. Next to the corps commanders were seated
Secretary Stanton and Lieutenant-General Grant. On the left of the
President was Postmaster-General Dennison and, on the first day of the
parade, while the Army of the Potomac passed, Major-General Meade; and
on the second day, while the Army of the Tennessee passed, Major-General
Sherman. The other members of the Cabinet, many army officers, the
assistant secretaries in the different departments, and a number of
guests invited by the President and the secretaries, were grouped around
these central personages.
On the 24th, when Sherman's army was reviewed, I sat directly behind Mr.
Stanton at the moment when General Sherman, after having passed the
grand stand at the head of his army, dismounted and came on to the stand
to take his position and review his soldiers. As he had to pass
immediately in front of Secretary Stanton in order to reach the place
assigned to him on the President's right, I could see him perfectly. I
watched both men closely, for the difficulty between Stanton and Sherman
was at that moment known to everybody.
The terms upon which Sherman in April had accepted the surrender of
General Joseph E. Johnston's army in North Carolina went beyond the
authority of a military commander, and touched upon political issues. It
is true that these terms were made conditional upon the approval of the
Government; nevertheless, Mr. Stanton was deeply indignant at the
general for meddling with matters beyond his jurisdiction. No doubt his
indignation was intensified by his dislike of Sherman. The two men were
antagonistic by nature. Sherman was an effervescent, mercurial,
expansive man, springing abruptly to an idea, expressing himself
enthusiastically on every subject, and often without reflection. Stanton
could not accommodate himself to this temperament.
When the memorandum of the agreement between Johnston and Sherman
reached Stanton, he sent Grant to the general in hot haste, and then
published in the newspapers, which need not have known anything of the
affair, a full account of the unwise compact, and an indignant
repudiation of it by the Government. Naturally this brought down a
furious attack upon Sherman. All his past services were forgotten for a
time, and he was even called a "traitor." The public quickly saw the
injustice of this attitude; so did most of the men in the Government,
and they hastened to appease Sherman, who was violently incensed over
what he called Stanton's insult. I think he never forgave the Secretary.
When, on May 19th, he reached Washington with his army, which he had
marched northward across the battlefields of Virginia, he refused to
have anything to do with Stanton, although Grant tried his best to bring
about a reconciliation and the President and several members of the
Cabinet showed him every attention.
I was, of course, curious to see what General Sherman would do in
passing before Mr. Stanton to take his place on the stand. The general
says in his Memoirs that, as he passed, Stanton offered his hand and he
refused to take it. He is entirely mistaken. I was watching narrowly.
The Secretary made no motion to offer his hand, or to exchange
salutations in any manner. As the general passed, Mr. Stanton gave him
merely a slight forward motion of his head, equivalent, perhaps, to a
quarter of a bow.
In May I had been asked to become the editor of a new paper to be
founded in Chicago, the Republican. The active promoter was a Mr. Mack,
and the concern was organized with a nominal capital of five hundred
thousand dollars. Only a small part of this was ever paid up; a large
block of the stock was set aside as a bonus to induce a proper man to
become the editor. Mr. Mack had offered the post to me, and, through the
influence of the Hon. Lyman Trumbull and other prominent men of
Illinois, I was persuaded to accept it. In deciding on the change, I had
arranged to stay in Washington until I could finish the routine
business upon which I was then engaged, and until Mr. Stanton could
conveniently spare me. This was not until the 1st of July. On the first
day of the month I sent to the President my resignation as Assistant
Secretary of War, and a few days later I left the capital for Chicago.
FOOTNOTE:
[E] The secret cipher key was a model consisting of a cylinder, six
inches in length and two and one half in diameter, fixed in a frame, the
cylinder having the printed key pasted over it. By shifting the pointers
fixed over the cylinder on the upper portion of the frame, according to
a certain arrangement previously agreed upon, the cipher letter or
dispatch could be deciphered readily. The model was put in evidence at
the trial.
INDEX.
Army of the Cumberland reorganized, 126.
Augur, General, and the spy, 183;
in command at Washington, 244.
Baltimore merchants arrested, 236.
Banks, General, besieges Port Hudson, 80.
Bates, Edward, impressions of, 171.
Beauregard, General, 222.
Blair, Montgomery, character, 170, 231.
Booth, J. Wilkes, 281.
Bragg, General, driven across the Tennessee, 104;
maneuvers to reach Chattanooga, 107-111;
evacuates Lookout Mountain, 148;
retreats, 151.
Burnside, General, shut up in Knoxville, 135;
character, 138;
forces, 138;
repulses Longstreet, 154;
relieved by Sherman, 154;
transferred to command of Ninth Army Corps, 191.
Cairo, the claims commission, 12.
Campbell, Judge, negotiations with President Lincoln, 266, 270.
Canada, proposed Confederate expedition from, 243.
Cedar Creek, 248.
Champion Hill, 53.
Chase, Salmon P., impressions of, 169.
Chattanooga, defense of, 120;
battle, 143.
Chickamauga, 111.
Cipher dispatches, 22;
Confederate, 280.
Cold Harbor, 208.
Conkling, Roscoe, 17, 177, 263.
Cotton speculation, 17.
Crittenden, General, censured for conduct at Chickamauga, 122;
relieved, 126.
Dana, Charles A., resigns from the Tribune, 1;
first meeting with Lincoln, 2;
early correspondence with Stanton, 4-11;
commissioner of War Department, 21;
at the front with Grant, 30 _et seq._;
gets a horse, 45;
assistant adjutant general, 82;
Assistant Secretary of War, 103;
with the Army of the Cumberland, 105 _et seq._;
at Chattanooga, 132;
interview with Burnside at Knoxville, 138;
on duty at Washington, 156 _et seq._;
relations with Stanton, 159;
with the Army of the Potomac, 189 _et seq._;
with Sheridan in the valley, 248 _et seq._;
at Richmond, 263;
last interview with Lincoln, 274;
becomes editor of the Chicago Republican, 290.
Davis, Jefferson, capture, 282;
imprisonment, 284.
Drouillard, Captain, 116.
Early, General, menaces the capital, 228;
withdraws, 232.
Everett, Edward, 182.
Five Forks, 263.
Foster, General J. G., supersedes Burnside, 191.
Frémont, General, 5, 6.
Garfield, General, 118.
Grand Gulf, attack on, 42.
Granger, General Gordon, in command at Nashville, 105;
at Chickamauga, 119;
at Missionary Ridge, 149;
fails to relieve Burnside, 152.
Grant, General, impressions of, 15, 61;
conduct at Shiloh criticised, 15;
plan for Vicksburg campaign, 30;
self-control, 43;
invests Vicksburg, 56;
asks re-enforcements, 80;
enters Vicksburg, 99;
rapid mobilization of his army, 101;
at Chattanooga, 133;
at Missionary Ridge, 148;
made general in chief of the United States army, 186;
crosses the Rapidan, 187;
maneuvers against Lee, 200-207;
at Cold Harbor, 208;
charges of butchery, 209;
in camp at Cold Harbor, 213;
marches on Petersburg, 217 _et seq._;
prepares for siege, 224.
Halleck, General, obstructs Grant's plans, 156;
Grant's chief of staff, 186;
character, 187.
Hancock, General, his energy, 190;
at Spottsylvania, 195;
advancing to Richmond, 201;
at Cold Harbor, 208.
Herron, General, 70, 87.
Hooker, General, ordered to Lookout Valley, 134;
at Lookout Mountain, 147.
Hovey, General, 63, 217.
Hudspeth, Mrs., gives evidence in conspiracy trial, 279.
Humphreys, General, 192.
Hunter, General, defeats Jones, 229;
Grant's defense of, 233.
Jackson, entered by United States army, 52.
Johnson, Andrew, 105;
urges punishment of rebels, 269.
Johnston, General J. E., threatens Grant during siege of Vicksburg,
83, 84, 289.
Lee, General R. E., defeated in the Wilderness, 193;
maneuvers against Grant, 201-207;
Grant's estimate of, 215;
outwitted by Grant, 222;
driven from Petersburg, 263;
surrender, 271.
Lincoln, President, impressions of, 171-185;
relations with his cabinet, 171;
as a politician, 174-181;
his mercifulness, 183;
visits the lines before Petersburg, 224;
re-election, 260;
seeming flippancy, 261;
in Richmond after surrender, 266;
propositions to Confederates, 267;
assassinated, 274.
Logan, General, 53, 67.
Longstreet, General, 119, 139.
Lookout Mountain, 147.
McClellan, dissatisfaction with, 8;
absurd claims for, 9.
McClernand, General, commands movement on Grand Gulf, 32;
his annoying delays and inefficiency, 59, 89;
removal, 90.
McCook, General, censured for conduct at Chickamauga, 122;
relieved, 126.
McPherson, General, in movement on Grand Gulf, 41;
at Raymond, 51;
ability, 58;
springs the mines before Vicksburg, 91.
Meade, General, commands army of the Potomac, 189;
character and ability, 189;
before Petersburg, 221;
difficulties with subordinates, 226.
Milliken's Bend, 86.
Mississippi, reopening of, 30.
Missionary Ridge, 148.
"Morse," case of, 235.
Negro troops, their bravery, 86, 220.
Nevada, why admitted, 174, 175.
Newspaper correspondents, trouble with, 215.
New York and Chicago, plans for burning, 241.
Ord, General, supersedes McClernand, 90.
Parsons, Colonel, 253.
Pemberton, General, defeated at Champion's Hill, 53;
retreat and losses, 55;
asks for terms, 95;
humiliation, 96;
surrenders Vicksburg, 99.
Porter, Admiral, runs the Vicksburg batteries, 36;
character, 85.
Porter, General, halts fugitives at Chickamauga, 116.
Port Gibson, 44.
Presidential campaign of 1864, 260.
Railroads seized by the Government, disposition of, 255.
Rawlins, Colonel J. A., and the Confederate Mason, 54;
character, 62, 72.
Raymond, engagement at, 51.
Richmond surrendered, 263;
evacuated, 264.
Rosecrans, General, his delays, 104;
occupies Chattanooga, 107;
concentrates his army, 110;
at Chickamauga, 111;
prepares to defend Chattanooga, 120;
indecision and incapacity, 123, 127;
transferred to Department of the Missouri, 131.
Schofield, General, troops transferred, 252.
Secret service, 235 _et seq._
Sedgwick, General John, 190.
"Selby" and "Leenea" letters, 276, 277.
Seward, Wm. H., impressions of, 168.
Shepley, General, military governor of Richmond, 267, 270.
Sheridan, General, at Chickamauga, 116;
at Chattanooga, 145;
at Missionary Ridge, 150;
major-general, 248;
affection of the army, 249;
wins at Five Forks, 263.
Sherman, General, impressions of, 29;
commands a corps in Grant's army, 31;
destroys public property in Jackson, 53;
before Vicksburg, 57;
in pursuit of Johnston, 84;
ordered to join the forces at Chattanooga, 136;
bridges the Tennessee, 146;
at Missionary Ridge, 148;
relieves Burnside at Knoxville, 154;
letter on the relief passes, 165;
difficulties with Stanton, 289.
Smith, General A. J., 64, 95, 97.
Smith, General "Baldy," 206, 207, 208, 219.
Spottsylvania, 195.
Stanton, E. M., early correspondence with Dana, 4-11;
forbids army speculations in cotton, 20;
gives complete authority to Grant, 52;
appearance and character, 157;
relations with his subordinates, 159;
friction with Blair, 170;
arrests the Baltimore merchants, 236.
Strouse, Congressman, case of, 159.
Table of Union losses, 210.
Thomas, General, heads off the Confederates from Chattanooga, 111;
holds the field at Chickamauga, 118;
his high qualities and Stanton's esteem, 124;
supersedes Rosecrans, 131;
charge of his troops at Missionary Ridge, 150.
Thompson, Jacob, 239, 273.
"Turkey movement," 252.
Vicksburg, campaign plans, 25, 30;
batteries run, 36;
attack on, 56;
siege, 57, 78-99;
surrender, 99.
Virginia Legislature, negotiations with President Lincoln, 267.
Wallace, General Lew, 229, 231.
War Department, immense business, 161.
Warren, General, 190, 202, 206, 209.
Washburn, General, 71.
Washington, panic at, 229.
Watson, P. H., and the forage fraud, 162.
Weitzel, General, in command at Richmond, 264, 266, 270.
Welles, Gideon, impressions of, 170.
Wilmot, David, 163.
Wilson, General J. H., 137, 227.
Wright, General, 191, 207, 208.
THE END.
* * * * *
Transcriber's note:
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals.
Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been
retained except in obvious cases of typographical error.
End of Project Gutenberg's Recollections of the Civil War, by Charles A. Dana