[1] See Debates in Congress.
[2] Marshall, Speech in Washington on the Nomination of Breckenridge and
Lane, p. 3.
[3] Speech of John Stephenson on the state of the Union in the House of
Representatives, January 30, 1861.
[4] Bartlett, "Presidential Candidates in 1860," pp. 344-345.
[5] Speech of Hon. J. C. Breckenridge delivered at Ashland, Kentucky, p. 9.
[6] Speech of J. C. Breckenridge on Executive Usurpation, July 16, 1861.
[7] "The Frankfort Commonwealth," August 21, 1861.
[8] These were some of the most intellectual and aristocratic men of the
State. Collins exaggerates, however, when he says that few leading men
opposed secession. See Collins, "History of Kentucky," I, 82.
[9] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 36.
[10] Ibid., 36.
[11] Ibid., 37.
[12] Hart, "Slavery and Abolition," 65, 178, 234; Turner, "Rise of the New
West," 77.
[13] Report of the American Historical Association, 1893, pp. 219-221.
[14] Burgess, "Civil War and the Constitution," I, 30.
[15] Ibid.
[16] McMaster, "History of the United States," VIII, 426-427.
[17] Rhodes, "History of the United States," III, 391.
[18] Rhodes, "History of the United States," VII, 392.
[19] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 158-179.
[20] _House Journal_, 1861, Governor's Message, p. 10.
[21] Ibid., 11.
[22] _House Journal_, 1861, Governor's Message, p. 12.
[23] Ibid., 14.
[24] Letter of John J. Crittenden to Gen. McClellan.
[25] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 42.
[26] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," p. 45.
[27] _House Journal_. 1861, p. 33.
[28] Ibid., 34.
[29] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 57.
[30] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 58-62.
[31] Ibid., 58.
[32] _House Journal_, 1861, p. 6.
[33] Ibid., 94.
[34] Nicolay and Hay, "Life of Lincoln," IV, 233.
[35] Smith, "History of Kentucky," 610; Shaler, "History of Kentucky," 243.
[36] Smith says in describing the period of 1861: "It were well nigh
certain that if a sovereignty convention could have been called at any time
before the formation of the Union sentiment and policy into action and
life, the state would have been carried off into the act of secession as
Virginia and Tennessee were by the sense of sympathy and kinship toward the
South." Shaler thinks the same. He says: "There is reason to believe that
this course (neutrality) was the only one that could have kept Kentucky
from secession. If what had been unhappily named a Sovereignty Convention
had been called in 1861; if the state had been compelled by the decision of
a body of men who were acting under the control of no constitutional
enunciation, the sense of sympathy and kinship with the Southern states,
such as would easily grow up under popular oratory in a mob, would probably
have precipitated action." Speed, however, is doubtless right in saying all
this is mere assertion and that there was no danger of secession after the
people had a chance to transfer their will to the government. Shaler,
"Kentucky," p. 240; Smith, "History of Kentucky," p. 610.
[37] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 93-98.
[38] Collins, "History of Kentucky," I, 243.
[39] _The Frankfort Commonwealth_, July 19; Aug. 19, 21, 23; Nov. 10, 20,
23; and Dec. 11, 1861; _The Yeoman Weekly_, May 10; June 21, 22; July 8,
1861; _Daily Louisville Democrat_, Sept. 7 and Oct. 8, 1861.
[40] _House Journal_, 1861, 240.
[41] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 192.
[42] War Records, Serial 108, p. 37; Serial 127, p. 234; Serial 110, pp.
44-64, and Serial 110, p. 71.
[43] Nicolay and Hay, "Life of Lincoln," IV, 237.
[44] Shaler, "History of Kentucky," 261.
[45] _House Journal_, 1861, p. 122.
[46] Speed, "The Union Cause in Kentucky," 300 _et seq_. See despatches
and letters given in same.
[47] Rhodes, "History of the United States," III, 392.