[1] Quillin, "The Color Line in Ohio," 18.
[2] "Tyrannical Libertymen," 10-11; Locke, "Antislavery," 31-32;
Branagan, "Serious Remonstrance," 18.
[3] Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861," 230-231.
[4] Constitution, Article I, Sections 2, 6.
[5] Laws of Ohio, II, 63.
[6] Laws of Ohio, V, 53.
[7] Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 41, 42.
[8] Warden, "Statistical, Political and Historical Account of the United
States of North America," 264.
[9] Quillin, "The Color Line in Ohio," 32.
[10] The Census of the United States, from 1800 to 1850.
[11] Flint's Letters in Thwaite's "Early Western Travels," IX, 239.
[12] Cist, "Cincinnati in 1841," 37; _Cincinnati Daily Gazette_, Sept.
14, 1841.
[13] Ibid.
[14] United States Census, 1850.
[15] _Ohio State Journal_, May 3, 1827; _African Repository_, III, 254.
[16] Abdy, "Journal of a Tour in the United States," III, 62.
[17] Jay, "Miscellaneous Writings on Slavery," 27, 373, 385, 387;
Minutes of the Convention of the Colored People of Ohio, 1849.
[18] Barber, "A Report on the Condition of the Colored People of Ohio,"
1840.
[19] Proceedings of the Ohio Antislavery Convention, 1835, 19.
[20] Ibid.
[21] Proceedings of the Ohio Antislavery Convention, 1835, 19.
[22] _African Repository_, V, 185.
[23] _African Repository_, V, 185.
[24] For a lengthy account of these efforts see Woodson's "The Education
of the Negro Prior to 1861," 245, 328, 329; and Hickok, "The Negro in
Ohio," 83, 88.
[25] Fairchild, "Oberlin: Its Origin, Progress and Results."
[26] Howe, "Historical Collections of Ohio," 356.
[27] _The Southern Workman_, XXXVII, 169.
[28] For a full account see Howe, "Historical Collections of Ohio,"
225-226.
[29] Barber, "Report on the Condition of the Colored People in Ohio,"
1840, and _The Philanthropist_, July 14 and 21, 1840.
[30] These facts are taken from A. D. Barber's "Report on the Condition
of the Colored People in Ohio" and from other articles contributed to
_The Philanthropist_ in July, 1840.
[31] In this case I have taken the statements of Negroes who were
employed in this capacity.
[32] _The Philanthropist_, July 14 and 24, 1840; and May 26, 1841.
[33] Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 89.
[34] _The Philanthropist_, July 14 and 21, 1840.
[35] _The Philanthropist_, July 21, 1840.
[36] _The Cincinnati Daily Gazette_, September 14, 1841.
[37] _The Philanthropist_, July 21, 1840.
[38] Ibid.
[39] _The Cincinnati Daily Gazette_, September 14, 1841.
[40] A detailed account of these clashes is given in _The Cincinnati
Daily Gazette_, September 14, 1841.
[41] _The Cincinnati Daily Gazette_, September, 1841.
[42] A very interesting account of this riot is given in Howe's
"Historical Collections of Ohio," pages 226-228.
[43] It was discovered that not a few of the mob came from Kentucky.
About eleven o'clock on Saturday night a bonfire was lighted on that
side of the river and loud shouts were sent up as if triumph had been
achieved. "In some cases." says a reporter, "the directors were boys who
suggested the point of attack, put the vote, declared the result and led
the way."--Cin. Daily Gaz., Sept. 14, 1841.
[44] Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 90 et seq.
[45] Laws of Ohio, XL, 81.
[46] Ibid., LIII, 118.
[47] The Convention Debates.
[48] Special Report of the United States Commissioner of Education,
1871, page 372.
[49] Laws of Ohio.
[50] Ibid., LIII, 118.
[51] _The New York Tribune_, February 19, 1855.
[52] Lyell, "A Second Visit to the United States of North America," II,
295, 296.
[53] _The Weekly Herald and Philanthropist_, June 26, 1844, August 6,
1844, and January 1, 1845.
[54] The Cincinnati Directory of 1860.
[55] Foote, "The Schools of Cincinnati," 92.
[56] _The Weekly Herald and Philanthropist_, August 23, 1844.
[57] Special Report of the United States Commissioner of Education, 372.
[58] Simmons, "Men of Mark," 490.
[59] A white slaveholder, a graduate of Amherst, taught in this school.
See _Weekly Herald and Philanthropist_, June 26, 1844.
[60] These facts were obtained from oral statements of Negroes who were
living in Cincinnati at this time; from M. R. Delany's "The Condition of
the Colored People in the United States"; from A. D. Barber's "Report on
the Condition of the Colored People in Ohio," 1840; and from various
Cincinnati Directories.
[61] Delany, "The Condition of the Colored People in the United States,"
92.
[62] The Cincinnati Directory for 1860.
[63] For the leading facts concerning the life of Robert Gordon I have
depended on the statements of his children and acquaintances and on the
various directories and documents giving evidence concerning the
business men of Cincinnati.