Sophism that money paid to public functionaries comes back like
rain on the citizens exposed, 430.
Public services always extinguish private services of the same
kind, ‹ib.›
Public services leave no discretion to individuals, 432.
Example of this, ‹ib.›, ‹note›.
Take away control over services both rendered and received, 433.
Extinguish sense of responsibility, 434.
Give rise to public discontent, 434, 435.
Exclude competition, 435, 436.
Question is, what services should remain in the domain of
private exertion, what in that of public? 436.
Government action is legitimate only where intervention of force
legitimate, 437;
and legitimate only in the case of defence of liberty and
property, ‹ib.›;
and to ensure the predominance of justice, 438, 439.
When the State goes beyond this, it destroys liberty and
property, which are placed under its safeguard, ‹ib.›
Province of Government confined to what involves public
security, taking care of common property, and levying
contributions for public service, 440.
Circumscribing the province of Government does not enfeeble, but
strengthen it, 441.
Example of the United States, 442.
Slavery and protection in America active causes of revolution,
‹ib.›
Revolution of February, remarks on, 444.
‹Sismondi, M. de›, referred to, 184.
His doctrine on wealth and value controverted, 187.
His false theory on the relations of capitalist and labourer,
384.
‹Smith, Adam›, wrong in representing value as residing only in
material substances, 91.
His distinction between roductive and unproductive labour has
led to errors, ‹ib.›
His account of the influence of exchange on labour commended,
105.
Wrong in representing the principle of value as residing in
materiality and durability, 136.
Quoted and controverted on the subject of value, 156.
Opinions on landed property quoted, 252.
‹Social Motive Force› described and explained, 495-503.
Personal interest is the social motive force which leads us to
shun evil and seek after good, 495.
Attraction towards happiness and repulsion from pain, the
mainspring of the social mechanism, 496.
This impulsive force is under direction of our intelligence, and
intelligence may err, ‹ib.›
The laws of responsibility and solidarity lend assistance to
repress error and injustice, 497.
Attempts of the Socialists to substitute devotion and
self-sacrifice for personal interest, as the social motive
force, combated, 498, 499.
Socialist works and writers referred to, 500-503.
‹Social Problem›, demands solution, 33, 34.
Solution to be found in liberty, not in constraint, 35.
The man who demonstrates that the good of each tends to the good
of all, as the good of all tends to the good of each, will have
resolved the social problem, 118.
‹Socialists› differ from Economists in regarding man’s interests as
antagonistic, 35.
Socialist works referred to, 64, and ‹note›.
‹Society›, mechanism of, 48.
Gives the humblest mechanic more in one day than he could
himself produce in many ages, ‹ib.›
Study of, the business of Political Economy, 51.
In social state our powers exceed our wants, 98.
‹Solidarity› is collective responsibility, 488.
Not of legislative creation, as represented by Rousseau, 488,
489.
The philosophers of the last century did not believe in it, 489.
Instances in which individuals suffer from the errors or faults
of others—this is the law of solidarity, 489, 490.
Responsibility is not exclusively personal, but is shared and
divided, 490.
Society, in turn, suffers from the errors or faults of
individuals, and the law of solidarity comes to check such
actions, 491.
Solidarity, like responsibility, is a progressive force, and
resolves itself into repercussive or reflected responsibility,
‹ib.›
To enable those who suffer from another’s acts to react against
them, connexion between cause and effect should be known, 492.
Not always known, from the circumstance that the first effect
may seem good, though all the subsequent consequences are bad,
‹ib.›