Relations of Political Economy with Morals, Politics, and
Legislation, 513, ‹note›.
‹Population›, laws of, cannot be comprised in a brief formula, 400.
Vindication of Malthus, and of the general doctrine of his Essay
on Population, 397, 400.
If, as wealth increases, the number among whom it is to be
divided increases more rapidly, absolute wealth may be greater,
but individual wealth will be less, 401.
Malthus has reduced the principle to the formula that population
tends to keep on a level with the means of subsistence, 402.
This principle not new; every writer on such subjects since
Aristotle has proclaimed it, ‹ib.›
Enunciated by Sir James Steuart thirty years before the
appearance of the Essay on Population, ‹ib.›, ‹note›.
Nature has taken greater care of species than of individuals, in
order to insure the perpetuity of races, 402.
Instances of this in the vegetable kingdom, ‹ib.›;
and in animals whose life is of a type more akin to
vegetables, 402, 403.
Advancing in scale of social life, means of reproduction
bestowed with greater parsimony, ‹ib.›
In the human species, reproductive faculty less powerful than in
any other, ‹ib.›
But, physically, man does not escape the law of a tendency to
multiplication beyond the limits of space and nourishment, ‹ib.›
Difference between the physiological power of multiplying and
actual multiplication, ‹ib.›
Malthus inquired in what period of time mankind would double, if
space and food were unlimited, 404.
But as this hypothesis is never realized, theoretical must be
shorter than actual period, ‹ib.›
Different rates of increase in different countries according to
estimate of M. Moreau de Jonnès, 403.
Such differences not the result of physiological causes, but of
external obstacles, 404.
New sources of local wealth lead invariably to increase of
population, ‹ib.›