young trunks white-mottled, on old brown, smoothish or checked into
rough plates. Leaves 2-5 in. long, evergreen, the undersides densely
white downy beneath, becoming smooth, with a white bloom; nerves
parallel, conspicuous beneath. Fruit acorn-like but the cup scales
almost prickly. Range: Mts. of sw. Ore. and n. Coast Ranges of Calif.;
also in the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa Co. The wood is hard and strong,
used for furniture and interior construction. The bark is highly
valuable for tanning; it is stripped in May, June, and July. This
magnificent tree resembles a chestnut in leaf, flower, and the cup of
its acorn, but is oak-like in its shape and nut. Popularly often called
“Sovereign Oak.”
[Illustration]
WHITE OAK
(_Quercus alba_)
Shape short-trunked, with very broad rounded top; 50-70 ft. tall. Bark
light gray, broken by shallow fissures into long, thin, flaky scales.
Branches wide-spreading. Leaves reddish brown in autumn. Range: s. and
w. N.E. to centr. Fla. and e. Tex., through the s. Gt. Lakes region to
se. Minn. The wood is strong, tough, heavy and durable, and is used for
boat-building, interior finish, agricultural implements, barrels and
clapboards. The bark is valued in tanning. VALLEY OAK (_Quercus lobata_)
called also Maul Oak, Weeping Oak, and Roble, is a magnificent tree of
Calif. with wide spreading, drooping branches. Leaves with more numerous
(7-11) lobes, dark green above, gray-downy beneath: bark on old trunks
furrowed into squarish, corky, gray segments.
[Illustration]
POST OAK
(_Quercus stellata_)
Shape short-trunked, with broad, dense, round head; 60-100 ft. tall.
Bark grayish brown, deeply fissured. Branches horizontal. Twigs brown.
Leaves thickish, rough to touch above, gray downy below. Range: On the
coast plain and piedmont of the Gulf States, n. to s. N.E., and up the
Gt. Valley to Mo. and Ia., up the Ohio to Pa. The wood is heavy, hard,
durable, but difficult to season; used for ties. The acorn is edible,
like that of the White Oak, when boiled, and was used as a coffee
substitute in the Confederate States. OREGON OAK (_Quercus Garryana_) is
similar but with shorter leaves (2-5 in. long) and light gray bark. It
is the finest timber oak from Wash. to Calif.
[Illustration]
OVERCUP OAK
(_Quercus lyrata_)
Shape a symmetrical, round topped head; up to 100 ft. tall. Branches
inclined to droop, rather short. Leaves shiny above, white downy
beneath, turning a deep cardinal red in autumn. Range: Swamps and river
bottoms, coast plain and piedmont from the Gulf States to s. N. J., and
up the Gt. Valley to Neb., Ill., and Ohio. The wood is like that of the
White Oak and similarly used. BUR OAK (_Quercus macrocarpa_) is similar
but the leaves broader, 5-8 in. long, maroon in autumn. Branches very
wide-spreading; bark light grayish-brown, deeply furrowed. Acorn large,
the rim of the cup almost bur-like. N. S. and w. N. E. through N. Y. and
w. of the Alleghenies to n. La., e. Tex. and the Rockies. A noble tree
once forming park-like groves in the Middle West in which the pioneers
easily drove horse and wagon, built their first cabins and pastured
their cattle.
[Illustration]
BASKET OAK
(_Quercus Prinus_)
Shape a round topped, dense head; up to 100 ft. tall. Trunk massive.
Bark scaly, light gray. Branches stout, wide spreading. Leaves rather
rigid, 4-8 in. long, grayish downy beneath. Range: Gulf States and n. in
the Mississippi basin to Mo. and the Wabash R. Along the coast plain and
piedmont to Del. This is a most imposing tree in the South. It is used
in basketry, for ties and other rough construction. YELLOW CHESTNUT OAK
(_Quercus Muehlenbergii_) is similar, but with a narrow head, narrower
leaves, thicker and shorter acorn. Tex. to s. Minn. and through the
forest belt of the Middle West and limestone Alleghenies (Ala. to N. Y.)
Also down the Potomac and Hudson to tidewater. The glossy foliage and
handsome stature make this an impressive tree, especially in the Middle
West.
[Illustration]
SWAMP WHITE OAK
(_Quercus bicolor_)
Shape broad topped, 60-90 ft. tall. Bark light grayish brown, scaly.
Leaves white down beneath, turning yellow brown or orange red in autumn.
Range: s. N. E. to Gt. Lakes region and Minn., s. to Tex. and Fla. The
wood is valuable like that of the White Oak but the tree is not so
handsome. It is easily distinguished by its bark and the numerous twigs.
ROCK CHESTNUT OAK (_Quercus montana_) is a massive tree with dark brown,
ridged bark and foliage similar to the above but larger, glossy above
and not downy beneath except in youth. Acorn large, lustrous, and
handsome. Foliage in autumn yellow to dull orange. Throughout the
Appalachian range from the Catskills and mts. of N. J. to Ala. and in
the upper Ohio valley and w. N. Y. This noble tree forms stately groves
in the southern mountains.
[Illustration]
SOUTHERN LIVE OAK
(_Quercus virginiana_)
Shape short trunked, the very broadly spreading branches making a crown
wider than high; 40-50 ft. tall. Bark dark brown, rough, deeply
furrowed, the ridges a grayer brown. Leaves evergreen, thick, 2-4 in.
long, paler beneath with very fine down. Range: Coast plain from Tex.
(and far up the Rio valley) to the Gt. Dismal Swamp and Mobjack Bay, Va.
The wood is light golden brown, beautiful, very hard to work, used for
ornamental interior finish on ships. With the immense spread of its
branches this noblest, most picturesque tree of the far South forms
gracious park-like groves. The Spanish Moss dripping from its boughs
adds to its dreamy charm. CANYON LIVE OAK (_Quercus chrysolepis_) is
similar but has pendulous branches, the leaves bluish rather than olive
green. This is the finest evergreen oak from Ore. to Calif.
[Illustration]
WILLOW OAK
(_Quercus Phellos_)
Shape with a conical crown; to 80 ft. tall. Trunk stocky. Bark deep
ruddy brown, shallowly seamed. Leaves glossy above, lighter beneath.
Range: Gulf States and n. in the Gt. Valley to Ky., around the coast to
Long Island. But for its acorns, small as they are, they would scarcely
be recognized as an oak from its leaves. A favorite shade tree in S.
cities. LAUREL OAK (_Quercus imbricaria_) is very similar, with larger,
broader leaves, the under surface downy. Pa. to Ga., w. to s. Wisc., e.
Neb., and Ark. COAST LIVE OAK (_Quercus agrifolia_) is a striking tree
with evergreen, holly-like leaves and very long, slender little acorns
in shallow cups. Grows 90 ft. tall or may be a mere shrub. Centr. and s.
Calif. DESERT LIVE OAK (_Quercus hyopleuca_) differs from Coast Live Oak
in having leaves white downy beneath, the margins not spiny-toothed. W.
Tex. to s. Ariz.
[Illustration]
RED OAK
(_Quercus borealis_)
Shape round headed; 50-150 ft. tall. Trunk usually extensively branching
about 15 ft. from the ground. Bark on young parts gray brown; on trunk
dark brown and finally broken by shallow furrows into long, straight,
flat faced ridges. Twigs rather slender, red. Leaves paler beneath, in
autumn turning a rich maroon red. Range: N.S. and the St. Lawr. and Gt.
Lakes basins (exc. L. Superior) throughout the forest belt of the Middle
West, s. to w. Tex. and centr. Tenn., s. on the mts. to Ga. Not a
valuable timber tree. SPANISH OAK (_Quercus falcata_) is important for
its good tan bark. Leaves long and narrow, with 5-7 deep, narrow,
scythe-shaped lobes, gray downy beneath. Acorn only ½ in. long, half
buried in its cup. Gulf States and up the Mississippi to s. Ind., around
the coast to N. J.
[Illustration]
SWAMP SPANISH OAK
(_Quercus palustris_)
Bark dark brown with gray patches, scored with shallow, short, vertical
furrows. Branches horizontal and finally somewhat drooping. Twigs
numerous, slender. Leaves 3-5 in. long, paler beneath and tufted in the
axils of the veins with fine hairs. Autumn foliage a rich cardinal red.
Range: Chiefly lowlands of the Ohio Valley sw. to Okla. and Kans., ne.
through Pa. to Del., s. N. Y. and the lower Connecticut valley. A fine
tree reaching 100 ft. tall. PIN OAK (_Quercus coccinea_) differs in
having its leaves truncate at base, and its acorn cup hemispherical
instead of saucer-shaped. Foliage brilliant cardinal red in autumn. S.
Me. to Fla., w. to Tex. and Ia. YELLOW OAK (_Quercus ellipsoidalis_) is
very similar to Swamp Spanish Oak; the bark is smooth and gray, the
stature small; cup gray; leaves yellowish brown in Fall. S. Mich. to
Man. and Ia.
[Illustration]
BLACK OAK
(_Quercus velutina_)
Trunk massive. Bark deep gray or sepia (the inner bark bright orange
yellow) very rough and thick, broken into short, thick, corky, cross
scored ridges. Twigs reddish mottled with gray, stout. Leaves dull
whitish olive beneath, turning dull brownish or orange or red in autumn.
Range: s. and w. N. E. to w. Ont. and Minn., s. to n. Fla., e. Tex., and
e. Kans. One of the finest and largest of all our oaks, 50-160 ft. tall.
The bark is rich in tannin and the yellow dye, quercitron is derived
from the inner bark. CALIFORNIA BLACK OAK (_Quercus Kelloggii_) differs
in having downy winter-buds and leaves without tufts in the axils of the
veins. Acorn only ½-¾ in. long. A very fine, wide-spreading, ornamental
tree. Ore. to Calif. It may reach 100 ft. high, and has a broadly round
topped head.
[Illustration]
WATER OAK
(_Quercus nigra_)
Shape, with a conical head; 30-80 ft. tall. Bark smooth above but on old
trunks brownish gray, rough ridged. Leaves shining on both sides, but
paler beneath, with hair tufts in the axils of the veins, often
evergreen. Range: Swamps and bottomlands, Gulf States n. in the
Mississippi basin to Ky., around the coast to Del. BLACK JACK OAK
(_Quercus marilandica_) is a small, slim-stemmed tree with rough black
bark and thick, short, contorted branches; the leaves are broad, thick,
lustrous olive green above, rusty hairy beneath, wedge-shaped at base,
very broad near the tip by reason of the big obtuse lobes, middle lobe
just a wedge-shaped point. Acorn small, globular, half covered by the
thick scaled cup. Foliage yellow russet in fall. A characteristic rather
stunted tree of uplands. S. States and Mississippi Valley and s. Gt.
Lakes region and up the coast to Long Island.
[Illustration]
BROAD LEAVED CUCUMBER TREE
(_Magnolia acuminata_)
Shape oblong, 50-90 ft. tall. Bark grayish brown, broken into small thin
scales, the ridges narrow and braiding. Buds silky. Leaves on the
undersides paler and slightly downy; 6-10 in. long. Flowers about 2 in.
long, tulip-shaped, slightly fragrant, blooming in late May. Range:
Chiefly the Appalachians, w. to s. Ill. and Ark., n. to w. N. Y., and n.
shore of L. Erie, s. to s. Ala. This handsome tree is chiefly valued as
an ornamental but the wood is used occasionally where tensile strength
is not required. BROAD LEAVED UMBRELLA TREE (_Magnolia tripetala_) has
thin leaves 18-20 in. long, clustered at the ends of the stout greenish
brown twigs, making an umbrella-like effect. Flowers creamy,
ill-smelling, appearing in May. A small tree with smooth gray bark with
blister-spots. N. C. to Ark. and especially along the Appalachians from
Ala. to Pa.
[Illustration]
EVERGREEN MAGNOLIA
(_Magnolia grandiflora_)
Shape broadly pyramidal, symmetrical; to 90 ft. tall. Trunk short,
thick. Bark brown-gray, finally rough with short thin scales. Buds
large, silky. Leaves evergreen, leathery, glittering above, rusty downy
beneath. Flowers 6-8 in. across, water-lily-like, fragrant with waxy
petals that fall one by one. Range: Low grounds near the coast from se.
N. C. to Tex. and up the Mississippi to Ark. Not centr. and s. Fla. This
beautiful ornamental tree is cultivated far beyond its range in the
wild. The flowers bloom from April to June in the South, in midsummer in
the North. SWEET BAY MAGNOLIA (_Magnolia virginiana_) is a small
straggling tree, very similar, but the leaves much smaller and thinner,
with dense white down beneath; flowers also smaller. Gulf and S.
Atlantic states, n. in swamps near the sea to Magnolia, Mass.
[Illustration]
TULIP TREE
(_Liriodendron tulipifera_)
Shape with a small pyramidal head; up to 190 ft. tall. Trunk straight
and often massive (to 10 ft. thick) sometimes clean of branches for 100
ft. Bark brownish gray with short, deep vertical furrows and rounded
ridges. Branches slender, curved, the lower drooping; twigs erect,
shining brown, many bearing the flowers like candelabra. Leaves turning
rich gold or russet in autumn. Flowers 3-4 in. across, blooming in May
and June. Range: Southern States (exc. Tex., Okla. and s. Fla.) to s.
parts of Wis., Mich., Vt. Also n. centr. Mass. and n. shore of L. Erie.
By lumbermen called “Yellow Poplar” on account of its restless leaves
and yellow wood, this lively tree is probably the most valuable American
timber tree (aside from the Conifers) and certainly the tallest in the
eastern States. The wood is light, soft, but not readily shrinking or
splitting, used for boat building, shingles and boxes.
[Illustration]
GREAT LEAVED MAGNOLIA
(_Magnolia macrophylla_)
Shape broadly spreading, to 50 ft. tall. Trunk slender. Bark light gray,
divided into minute scales and shallowly furrowed. Buds silky. Leaves
1-3 ft. long, clustered at the tips of the branches, white-downy
beneath. Flowers bell shaped, 8-12 in. across, blooming in May and June.
Range: Gulf States to Ark. and e. Ky. Rare in w. N. C. This tropical
looking tree, with astonishing great leaves and flowers, has no value
but an ornamental one. EAR LEAVED UMBRELLA TREE (_Magnolia Fraseri_) is
a slender little tree with smooth brown bark, smooth, lustrous, deep
green leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, broadest near the end,
with two little ear-like lobes near the narrowed base. Flowers 3-9 in.
broad, creamy, sour-smelling, in May and June. Chiefly in the s.
Appalachians (Ky. and Va. to Ala.) and s. to the Gulf (Miss., Fla.)
[Illustration]
CALIFORNIA LAUREL
(_Umbellularia californica_)
Shape short trunked, with a dense crown, making a broad based, dome
shaped thick tree 50-60 ft. tall. Bark drab or brown. Leaves evergreen,
aromatic, thick, 3½-4½ in. long. Fruit olive-like, reddish or
brown-purple when ripe, 1-1½ in. long; seed large. Range: Coast ranges
from Ore. to s. Calif., also on the w. slopes of the Sierra Nevada. A
magnificent unique tree, often forming groves of great beauty in cañons
and mountain valleys. The wood is heavy, hard, strong, intricately
patterned and is used for turned articles, especially furniture and
interior finish. In the early lumbering days it was employed for the log
railways and ox yokes. The seed, as sweet as chestnuts, was eaten
roasted by the Indians. A decoction of the leaves is used for an
insecticide.
[Illustration]
SASSAFRAS
(_Sassafras officinale_)
Shrub or tree up to 120 ft. tall. Trunk reaching 7 ft. in diameter. Bark
becoming very rugged, brown, broken into braided twisted ridges on young
trees cracked into short blocks. Branches very crooked, ascending. Twigs
bright green, very limber, the bark mucilaginous as are the Leaves which
are paler beneath, aromatic when crushed, turning orange and scarlet in
autumn. Flowers appearing with the leaves in early spring, greenish
gold, the sexes on separate trees. Fruit a “stone-fruit”, very handsome
slate blue on a thick red stalk, in Aug. Range: S. States to s. N. E.,
centr. Mich. and s. Ont., e. Ia. and Kans. The fragrant wood is used in
boat building and cooperage. Oil of sassafras, used in medicine, is
distilled from the bark and sassafras tea, brewed from the leaves, is a
rustic spring tonic.
[Illustration]
SWEET GUM
(_Liquidambar styraciflua_)
Shape broad headed, 40-140 ft. tall. Trunk massive. Branches ascending
above, horizontal below, often corky ridged on the twigs. Bark gray
brown, deeply furrowed vertically, the ridges broad, flat and scaly.
Twigs bright green. Leaves fragrant when crushed, turning deep yellow or
rich red in autumn. Fruit a hard, spherical head, often persistent all
winter, most of its chambers empty of fertile seeds. Range: s. States n.
to Mo., and, near the coast, through the Middle Atlantic States to se.
Conn. This curious tree, often contorted and ungraceful, attains its
greatest development in the Mississippi basin. Its hard, heavy wood is
used for the outside finish of houses, for flooring, barrels and cabinet
making, and from the resinous sap a fragrant oil is distilled, used for
catarrhal troubles and as a basis for chewing gum.
[Illustration]
PAWPAW
(_Asimina triloba_)
Shrub or low tree, up to 40 ft. tall. Trunk at most 1 ft. thick. Bark
dark brown marked with large ash colored blotches. Leaves 6-12 in. long.
Flowers borne singly, about 1½ in. across, with 6 fleshy maroon or
purple petals and 3 reflexed green sepals, blooming March-April. Fruit
fleshy, 3-5 in. long, by 1-1½ in. thick, weighing 6-12 ounces, the skin
brown, finally black. Range: s. states to se. Neb., s. Mich., Ont.,
rarer up the Atlantic seaboard to e. Pa. The leaves of this curious
little tree are unpleasantly scented while the flowers smell like those
of red Trillium or Strawberry Bush. The fruit is generally ripe about
the time of the first frosts: it is in condition to eat when the skin
turns black and warps away from the flesh, and that of certain
individual trees may be excellent, as custardy fruits go.
[Illustration]
JUNEBERRY
SHADBUSH
SERVICE TREE
(_Amelanchier canadensis_)
Shape narrowly round-topped, up to 40 ft. high. Bark gray, with sepia
brown striping, becoming furrowed into flat scaly ridges on old trees.
Leaves turning rusty red in autumn. Flowers blooming while the leaves
are just expanding (March-May,) similar to those of apple or hawthorn,
but the petals strap-shaped and more graceful. Fruits edible, similar to
those of hawthorn. Ripe in summer. Range: Me. to Ga., Ia., La., and Mo.
In N.E. this is a mere shrub, but it becomes quite a fine tree
southward. In the s. Appalachians it is very beautiful when in flower.
It is believed in New England to flower when the shad begin to swim up
stream. The name of Service Tree or “Sarviss Tree” in the Appalachians
is a corruption of the old English name for the Service Tree of Europe
which is, in turn probably only a rustical attempt at the Latin name,
_Sorbus_.
[Illustration]
COMMON SYCAMORE PLANE
(_Platanus occidentalis_)
Shape broadly round topped, 50-150 ft. tall. Trunk massive, up to 13 ft.
thick, becoming our most ponderous tree, except the Sequoias. Bark
smooth, peeling in roundish, thin, brittle plates, leaving blotches of
white, green, and tan. Leaves 4-9 in. wide, turning russet in autumn.
Fruit a soft spherical head of nutlets embedded in hairs, green becoming
light brown. 2-4 balls together. Range: Throughout the e. U.S.A. except
s. Fla. and the far north. The wood of this picturesque river-bank tree
is heavy, coarse-grained and strong but short-lived and warping. It is
used for cigar boxes and interior finish. CALIFORNIA SYCAMORE (_Platanus
racemosa_) differs in having 5-7 fruiting heads together, and very
deeply cut leaves with narrow lobes; the upper parts are usually bone
white. Coast ranges and interior valley of centr. and s. Calif.
[Illustration]
AMERICAN CRABAPPLE
(_Malus coronaria_)
Shape with broadly hemispherical, irregular top, 18-30 ft. tall. Trunk
usually forking in a shrubby way. Bark fissured, dark red-brown, scaly.
Branches contorted, twiggy, and often thorny. Leaves lobed or un-lobed,
finally more or less smooth on both sides, turning yellow or purplish in
autumn, or nearly evergreen in the South. Flowers white or pink,
fragrant, in late spring. Fruit greenish or yellowish, waxy, fragrant,
hard and sour. Range: N. Y. to Fla., Miss., Mo. and Ill. When in full
flower this is one of the loveliest of all trees. The fruits are
unexcelled for making jellies and conserves. IOWA CRAB (_Malus ioensis_)
has leaves downy on the undersides, Minn. to Tex., Mo., and Ind. OREGON
CRAB (_Malus fusca_) has leaves pale, downy, and finally rusty beneath;
fruits becoming purple-black, Alaska to Cal., Coast Ranges.
[Illustration]
BLACK CHERRY
(_Prunus serotina_)
Shape narrowly oblong, to 100 ft. tall. Trunk stout and straight. Bark
at first smooth, glossy, mahogany red, becoming finally covered with
innumerable small scales. Twigs bright red. Leaves thickish, shining
above, clear yellow in autumn, with a dark red gland near the stalk.
Flowers from March-June. Fruit dark red becoming black with purple
flesh. Range: N.S. to N.D., Tex. and Fla. and, in a slightly different
variety, N. Mex. and Ariz., in mt. cañons. This stately, beautiful
species is one of the most valued timber trees of the country. The
strong wood, on exposure to air, turns dark as mahogany and is often
employed as a substitute for it, being popular in cabinet work and
veneering. The bitter bark yields a good cough syrup.
[Illustration]
PIN CHERRY
(_Prunus pennsylvanica_)
Shape narrowly ovoid at the top, or rarely broadly rounded; up to 40 ft.
tall. Bark ruddy, shiny brown, smooth or nearly so, with numerous
horizontal lines or dots, becoming rather rough and “curly” on old
trees. Twigs slim, glossy, sparingly dotted. Leaves rather sparse,
drooping like those of the peach, the margin undulating paler beneath.
Flowers appearing with the leaves (April-May) or even before them. Fruit
about the size of a pea, on a long stalk, ruby red and translucent, very
sour. Range: Lab. to B.C. s. to Colo., Ia. and Pa., and on the mts. to
Tenn. and N. C. A mere shrub in the north, this is quite a fine little
tree in the s. Appalachians. WILD PLUM (_Prunus americana_) has
thorn-like twigs, flowers appearing before the leaves in early spring,
white and frail and very fragrant; fruit in summer red, about ⅞ in.
thick, sweet but tough-skinned. Conn. to Fla. and Colo.
[Illustration]
KENTUCKY COFFEE TREE
(_Gymnocladus dioica_)
Shape broadly oval at the top, up to 100 ft. tall. Bark grayish, rough
with firm prominent scales. Trunk columnar, often branchless for 70
feet. Branches in winter appearing stump-like. Twigs bright yellow.
Leaflets pale yellow green below, margins slightly curled under. The
leaves appear very late (May) and, turning clear yellow in autumn, drop
early. Flowers in summer, the sexes on separate trees. Pods hanging
unopened on branches all winter; a sweet pulp between the bean-like
seeds. Range: w. N. Y. through the s. Gt. Lakes region to the Missouri;
w. of the Alleghenies to Miss. and Okla. This strange, lovely tree is
perhaps rarer in the wild than in cultivation. The beans were formerly
used for “coffee,” and the wood is employed for posts, ties, and
furniture, because it is so durable.
[Illustration]
BLACK LOCUST
(_Robinia Pseudoacacia_)
Shape rather narrowly oblong, up to 80 ft. tall. Bark grayish to
blackish, with very high, sinewy, braiding ridges. Twigs armed with
spines sometimes 1 in. long. Leaves very thin, dull dark blue green,
paler beneath, turning yellow in autumn. Flowers in May and June,
fragrant. Pods persistent long after leaf-fall. Range: Appalachians, Pa.
to Ga., and in Okla. and Ark. Widely planted and naturalized elsewhere.
The wood of this favorite street and lawn tree is hard and durable, used
for ship-building, fence posts and turnery. The bark of the roots is
valued in pharmacy. CLAMMY LOCUST (_Robinia viscosa_) is at most a small
tree, with very slender trunk: twigs and leaf stalks sticky hairy.
Widely planted for its superb rose red, odorless flowers. In the wild
confined to w. N. C. and e. Tenn.
[Illustration]
HONEY LOCUST
(_Gleditsia triacanthos_)
Shape with a broad, flat topped head, up to 140 ft. tall. Bark dark
gray, scaly. Twigs zigzag, with swollen joints. Spines red to brown, in
leaf axils or on stem and branches. Leaves turning yellow in autumn.
Flowers in June, intensely fragrant. Pods many-seeded, pulpy within,
contracting by cork-screw twists in withering. Range: from w. slopes of
Alleghenies (Pa. to Ala.) across the Gt. Valley to Neb. and Kans., n. to
Wis. and Mich. and w. N. Y., s. to ne. Tex. The durable wood is used for
railroad ties and farm implements. Because of its bee-haunted flowers
and airy foliage, this is a favorite farm tree, cultivated far beyond
its range in the wild. WATER LOCUST (_Gleditsia aquatica_) of the Gulf
States, up the Gt. Valley to Mo., Ky. and Ind., along the coast to N.
C., differs in its broader, oblique leaflets and its 2-seeded, oval,
pulpless pod.
[Illustration]
SUGAR MAPLE
(_Acer saccharum_)