THE SOWER OF TARES.
The 1st of January, 1643, had hardly dawned, when the town servant
Jüchziger presented himself before the new acting-Burgomaster, Herr
Jonas Schönleben.
'Respected Herr Burgomaster,' he began humbly, 'permit the most
unworthy of all your servants to be first in wishing you a happy new
year, and congratulating you on the honour you have now attained. The
new year promises to be a very hard one, and your new office will be
harder still. I thank God that in these difficult times we are so
happy as to have your worship for our Burgomaster.'
'I am obliged to you, Jüchziger,' replied Schönleben feelingly. 'I am
obliged to you for all your kind wishes. Yes, these are indeed hard
times in which I undertake the management of public business. The care
of more than sixty thousand souls is laid on me at a time when even a
Solomon would have had need of all his wisdom. This thought has been
much in my mind, and last night I followed the wise king's example,--I
commended myself earnestly to God, praying Him to teach me the right,
and then to give me strength and courage to do it.'
'To maintain the right with strength and courage against all comers,
against friends as well as foes,' said Jüchziger. 'For, alas! how many
are there who would be only too glad to interfere with your worship's
rights as Burgomaster, and put all your wise intentions aside to carry
out their own selfish schemes,--men who would be only too glad, in a
word, to leave you the mere name of acting-Burgomaster, and nothing
more. I am quite sure it is your worship's kindly heart that has made
you give ear to them until misfortune is hanging over the town, and the
citizens and the rest are all bemoaning themselves, while your
worship's false friends raise their heads like snakes, as they are, to
sting you the moment your worship's back is turned.'
Schönleben stood silent, gazing thoughtfully on the ground.
'Did either your worship or any of our other worthy magistrates give
orders for every armed journeyman to receive a gulden a week and two
pounds of bread a day?' continued Jüchziger in an injured tone; 'or
that on this very New Year's Day, eight hundred Freiberg citizens
should tear up the pavement in the streets of their own city to protect
the houses from the Swedish cannon? Do you know, respected Herr
Burgomaster, that that young Swedish turncoat who was so impudent to
you in the St. Peter's Tower, and demanded to be made a citizen, has
been admitted by the commandant into the City Guard, contrary to all
custom and right? Who will guarantee that the pretended Saxon is not
really a spy, plotting to betray the city into the hands of the Swedes
the first chance he gets?'
'Is this really so?' asked Schönleben with displeasure.
'If you doubt my word, your worship can easily see for yourself,'
replied Jüchziger. 'The fellow struts about the streets every day in
his Defensioner's uniform, until he nearly runs himself off his legs.'
'Tell Badehorn, the captain of the City Guard, to meet me here in an
hour's time,' said Schönleben angrily; 'and bid him be ready to explain
why he has admitted a stranger among his men in this irregular way.'
'The soldier,' continued Jüchziger, 'risks nothing in war but just his
life. The citizen risks a great deal more, for he has a wife and
children, hearth and home. When a town is taken, the soldiers are
either made prisoners of war or allowed to march out unhurt; it is into
the citizen's house that the enemy comes, to ill-use his wife,
children, and servants. These Swedes now are pressing the siege of our
town so hard that we cannot possibly hold out for long. They say that
even if Torstenson offers us fair terms, the commandant means to refuse
them without even asking your worship anything about it, and so to give
the town up to be stormed and pillaged. Now I, in my humble way,
should have thought your worship's voice ought to count for something
in this matter. Your worship knows what is for the good of the town a
great deal better than a soldier of fortune that has only been here a
few weeks.'
The Burgomaster made no reply. His thoughtful air, however, as he
stood absently drumming on the window-pane, showed that the
mischief-maker had not spoken in vain. By way of striking while the
iron was hot, Jüchziger continued: 'As I was on my way to your
worship's house this morning, I saw the Herr Burgomaster Richzenhayn
going to call on the commandant, no doubt meaning to offer him a new
year's greeting. Are you going to do the same, most noble sir, or
don't you think a Burgomaster of the free city of Freiberg--which, with
refugees, now counts over sixty thousand souls--is at least as good a
man as the commander of two hundred and ninety soldiers?'
Schönleben clasped his hands behind his back, and paced slowly and
thoughtfully up and down his room.
If any reader mentally charges the author with exaggeration here, he
does him an injustice. The writer has had many opportunities of
knowing officials, both of high and low degree, who were, quite
unconsciously to themselves, tools in the hands of their servants, the
latter being permitted a freedom of speech that would never have been
tolerated in equals. Such servants have always had the knack of making
themselves indispensable, while preserving an outward appearance of the
deepest humility; and thus it has often come to pass that a lord has
been made to discharge a shaft aimed by his humble vassal.
When Jüchziger's crafty eye saw that the arrow he had thus been
pointing was, so to speak, ready to be loosed from the bow, he adroitly
changed the subject of conversation to something that lay much nearer
his heart.
'You are aware, respected Herr Burgomaster,' he began again in a
wheedling tone, 'that when I entered on my office I married the widow
of Schmidt, my predecessor. I did it partly out of compassion for the
poor woman, and partly to save the town the expense of keeping her and
her son, who is now a boy of fourteen years old. My wife, a woman five
years older than myself, all at once went stone blind, so that now I am
forced to have a servant to wait on her. I had the good fortune to
apprentice the boy to Mistress Blüthgen, the carpenter's widow, but his
mother has petted and pampered him until he is a good-for-nothing, lazy
young rascal. And now that the workshops are closed and the craftsmen
and journeymen all take their turn at military duty, the boy's mistress
threatens to send him home and put me to the expense of keeping
him,--me that scarcely knows which way to turn for bread to feed my
wife and her servant! The worst of it is that all my wife's little
property, a small house outside the Peter Gate, has been levelled with
the ground by order of Burgomaster Richzenhayn, and I have never had a
single kreuzer[1] for my loss. The house was worth three hundred and
fifty gulden.[2] Gracious Herr Burgomaster, take me and my small
family under your powerful protection, help me to get proper
compensation for my house, and I shall be your grateful servant all the
days of my life.'
'My dear Jüchziger,' interposed Schönleben, 'be assured I will do all I
can. The times are so bad that the town will want all its strength,
and all its money, to defend itself against the Swedes, and we shall
have to leave our private interests in the background for a while; but
I will see that you suffer no actual want through this misfortune.'
Jüchziger concealed the disappointment he felt on hearing these words,
thanked the Burgomaster for his kind intentions, and took his leave.
'Do not forget to send Badehorn here!' Schönleben called after him as
he went out. In a comparatively short time he made his appearance
again.
'Captain Badehorn presents his respectful compliments to the Herr
Burgomaster, and begs to inform his worship that he cannot have the
honour of waiting on him at the time mentioned.' Here Jüchziger
discreetly paused.
'And why not?' asked Schönleben, starting up. 'Are the ties of
obedience that bind citizen to magistrate broken already?'
'He cannot come,' continued Jüchziger, 'because the orders of
Commandant von Schweinitz forbid it. They are every instant expecting
an attack to be made by the Swedes, and the commandant has ordered
every man to remain at his post.'
'Ah, of course! That is quite a different thing,' said Schönleben, as
his angry brow grew smooth again. 'Badehorn could not act otherwise,
and it becomes my duty to go and see him if I want my question
answered.'
When Burgomaster Schönleben left his house somewhat later in the day,
the death-like stillness that reigned throughout the usually busy city
weighed on his spirit. Not a clock was striking, not a bell rang out
its joyful peal in welcome to the new year. Only at long intervals did
he see a human being pass along the street, and then it was in fear and
haste. On the other hand, as he went on his way, he saw at various
points large bodies of men standing silent in their ranks, waiting the
call of duty and the word of command. Here were the vigorous
journeymen of the different trades, and the stalwart country-people;
there the trusty miners, some with nondescript weapons, others armed
with pick-axes, mattocks, and long guns, or provided with ladders and
great buckets of water, in readiness for an alarm of fire. In the
streets adjoining the Erbis and Kreuz Gates, bustling activity was the
order of the day. Hundreds of tireless workers were tearing up the
paving of the roadways, while women and children carried away the
stones, and piled them against the houses. Not a creature complained
of the cold, though it was by no means small.
As Schönleben drew near to the city wall and the Kreuz Gate, one
helmeted head after another came into view, rising above the
battlements, and there was a certain comfortable sense of security in
the knowledge that they were the heads of the armed citizens mounting
guard. Men standing still feel the cold severely, and accordingly huge
fires had been built in some of the sheltered corners, round which the
armed burghers stood chatting, each with his firelock ready to hand.
On inquiring for Captain Badehorn, Schönleben was told that the captain
had been summoned by the commandant, and that the lieutenant of the
City Guard, Peter Schmohl, had command of the Defensioners in the
absence of his superior officer. Schönleben tried to make out the
Swedish deserter among the Defensioners present, but was obliged to
return home without having done so. Hardly had he turned his back on
the fortifications, when the Swedish cannon opened fire on the Peter
Gate and the neighbouring defensive works. After firing a score of
shots, however, Torstenson sent to the commandant, demanding the
surrender of the town. He had, he said, paraded his army and fired a
salute in his honour; should any further resistance be offered, he
would the next day attack the town more vigorously, and destroy it.
The commandant sent a polite but firm refusal, and on the following day
Torstenson fulfilled the first part of his threat by opening a terrible
fire against the town. In six hours his artillery discharged over
thirteen hundred shots, by which the Peter Gate, the adjoining tower,
and a portion of the city wall were all severely injured, while many
shells, and a perfect hailstorm of large stones, passed over the
ramparts into the town itself. Then the enemy drew near with flying
colours, bringing ladders, for the purpose of scaling the ramparts. By
way of rendering their task easier, they exploded their first mines,
which, however, did not accomplish all that was expected from them.
Meantime the besieged, on their part, were by no means idle. To
prevent the storming of the breach at the Peter Gate, two cannon were
planted in Peter Street, the gaps in the ramparts were hastily
repaired, the bastions and inner defences of the gate itself were
strengthened, while large quantities of hand-grenades and other
ammunition were laid in readiness. Thus prepared, the citizens
confidently awaited the threatened attack, which, however, did not take
place, partly, it was supposed, because of a violent snow-storm that
came on, and partly through the failure of the mines. Scarcely had the
Swedish troops withdrawn in the evening, when the besieged made a
sortie, in which the miners cleared the moat of the rubbish that
encumbered it, and picked up a considerable number of cannon-balls,
which they carried into the town as valuable booty.
The Swedes maintained their fire throughout the whole of that evening,
and far into the night, to prevent the Freibergers from rebuilding
their fortifications; in the course of this firing a miner and a
forester were killed in the city, and several others among the
defenders severely wounded. On the next day, January 3d, the firing
was renewed with heavy siege-guns in addition to the lighter pieces,
and a second mine was sprung, making a breach seventy feet wide in the
city wall. As soon as this result had been achieved, the Swedes, to
the number of two hundred, delivered their first assault against the
Peter Gate. The fighting, however, only lasted about a quarter of an
hour, and ended in the complete repulse of the besiegers.
During the lull that followed, Jüchziger arrived at the house of
Burgomaster Schönleben, to announce that Colonel von Schweinitz wished
to speak with him, and requested his worship to come to him at once for
that purpose.
Jüchziger's tone and look were carefully calculated to provoke the
Burgomaster's pride, and Schönleben made a sign for the messenger to
withdraw. 'Am I his slave?' he broke out angrily, as soon as the man
was out of hearing. 'Have I not every bit as good a right to send for
him as he has to send for me? I will soon let him know which of us has
the best right to command here!'
But when the first heat of his anger had spent itself, quieter thoughts
began to prevail.
Schönleben was at heart far too noble and conscientious a man to
sacrifice the welfare of a great city, entrusted to his keeping, to a
sense of his own offended dignity. 'One must not be too particular,'
he said to himself, 'about an affront from a rough old soldier; after
all, he may wish to speak about some matter of importance. At all
events, I will just go and hear what he has to say.'
With thoughts like these working in his mind, Schönleben betook himself
to the commandant, who laughed boisterously as he shook hands with his
visitor, and began at once with: 'Torstenson has already sent a third
time to demand the surrender of the city, as if he thought he had
knocked us into a cocked hat by that assault we repulsed so easily. He
has been kind enough, too, to remind me that Breisach, Regensburg,
Gross-Glogau, and Leipzig have all been besieged and taken by the
Swedes, and to add that it is quite out of the question for a badly
fortified place like Freiberg to withstand his power. We are not to
count on any assistance, and if I reject his present kind offers he
will take the place by storm, and will not spare even the babe at its
mother's breast.'
'And what answer do you propose to send to all this, Herr Colonel?'
asked Schönleben. 'I suppose you sent for me to see what my opinion
might be?'
'Not a bit of it, my dear Schönleben, I assure you,' replied von
Schweinitz, laughing. 'The Swede has received his answer some time
since, and there was not the smallest need to trouble you in any way
about the matter. The enemy has received from me, take my word for it,
the only possible answer a soldier could send to such a demand, and I
now want to consult with you about pushing matters a little farther.'
'But,' said Schönleben in an offended tone, 'I should have thought that
as acting-Burgomaster I ought at least to have had a word to say where
the weal or woe of the thousands of families under my care was at
stake. Pray, what is to happen when you and your soldiers are all
killed, the citizens and other combatants worn out with their excessive
duties in this bitter weather, the walls destroyed, the gates taken by
storm, and the Swede bursts in at last to put his threats into
execution?'
'What!' cried Schweinitz, astounded by this sudden outburst. 'Is it
the Burgomaster of the loyal city of Freiberg I hear speaking such
words as these?'
'Undoubtedly it is,' replied Schönleben; 'and when Leipzig chose of her
own free will to open her gates to the Swedish forces, she was not
branded as disloyal. I am not speaking now of surrender, but of my
absolute right to have at least one word in all that concerns Freiberg.'
'Listen to me, Herr Schönleben,' said Schweinitz roughly, 'and hear my
fixed determination. Our illustrious prince and lord, John George of
Saxony, has entrusted to me, George Hermann von Schweinitz, the defence
of this city of Freiberg, with orders to hold it to the last man. That
being so, I stand in no need of advice from you, either now or at any
other time. As commandant, I am here to give orders, and you are here
to obey them. Whoever talks to me of surrender shall be considered a
traitor to his country, and treated accordingly. Basta!'[3] And
Schweinitz emphasized the close of his speech by a thundering blow of
his fist on the table before him, and turned his back on the
Burgomaster in high dudgeon. Schönleben himself, as he took his
departure and returned home, was quite as angry a man as the indignant
warrior.
'God is my witness,' said the Burgomaster to himself, when, somewhat
later, he was thinking the matter over more quietly, 'that neither
cowardice nor disloyalty to my prince made me speak as I did. But when
I think that the town may yet share the awful fate that befell
Magdeburg, then indeed I set the well-being of my thousands of
fellow-citizens far above my own reputation for valour. Alas! who can
give my fearful heart any assurance about these things?'
[1] A small German copper coin.
[2] A gulden is now worth about two shillings English.
[3] Enough.