it, and profitable only to the soldiers they employed. The command of
the Venetian troops had now passed to the great condottiero Bartolommeo
Colleoni, a man quite as brave and devoted to the Republic as
Gattamelata had been, and for employing whom the other Italian states
envied her. When his contract with Venice had been executed, the
Florentines succeeded in engaging him; but the incredible rivalry
amongst the divers Italian states to obtain his services at last led to
a treaty by which it was agreed that he should be sent against the Turks
at the joint expense of them all. Of course this was not carried out,
and perhaps no one ever expected that it could be. Moreover, Colleoni
did not live long, and dying at a comparatively early age, he left all
his fortune to the Republic on condition that it should be used for a
campaign against the Turks, and that a statue should be set up to
himself in the Square of Saint Mark’s.
[Sidenote: _Statue of Bartolommeo Colleoni, attributed to Verrocchio,
Piazza SS. Giovanni e Paolo._]
With amazing dishonesty and admirable indifference to his wishes, Venice
used his money for a war against the Duke of Ferrara; and the monument,
which must indeed be admitted to be one of the finest equestrian statues
in existence, was placed m the little square of San Giovanni e Paolo.
In spite of the treaty with the Sultan, Venice was obliged to spend no
less than twelve hundred thousand ducats in defending her possessions
against the Turks during five years; and the Mussulmans crossed Dalmatia
and appeared in Friuli, to the general consternation of Europe. It is
said that at this time the only ally upon which Venice could count was
the King of Persia, whose interest it was to check the progress of
Turanian invasion. Every one knows that although the Persians are
Mohammedans, they belong to a sect which entertains a profound aversion
for that of the Turks.
One of the principal episodes in this somewhat desultory warfare was the
siege of Scutari in Albania, to possess which the Conqueror was willing
to sacrifice any number of men. The place itself was very strong, but
contained only about two thousand and five hundred persons, between
mercenaries, citizens, and women. The Sultan brought eighty thousand men
against them, whom he divided into four watches, each of twenty
thousand, and each under orders to fight during six hours out of the
twenty-four. The assault upon the breach, which was soon made, was
therefore continuous; yet the heroic Antonio da Lezze, by dividing his
little force in a similar manner, succeeded in resisting the enemy
during thirty-six hours, and the slaughter was so terrific that Mohammed
determined to give up the attempt and to starve the town till it
surrendered. He had lost over twenty-five thousand men.
[Sidenote: _Smedley, II. chap. xiii._]
[Sidenote: _1478._]
Smedley, quoting Sabellico, says that the continued storm of arrows
discharged by the assailants during two days and a night was something
almost indescribable; a wretched cat that tried to steal across an
exposed roof was shot through by eleven arrows at once; in many places
three and four arrows had struck in precisely the same spot, splitting
one another in succession, and during several months after the Turks had
withdrawn, the shafts they had shot supplied kitchens, baths, and ovens
with firewood.
[Sidenote: _Rom. iv. 382._]
The heroic little city held out against famine and artillery during
eleven months, and when at last Venice had made peace with the Sultan on
condition that the garrison should be allowed to leave the town with its
arms and baggage, Antonio da Lezze marched out with four hundred and
fifty men and one hundred and fifty women, all that was left of the
little force which had successfully resisted the greatest conqueror of
the age during the greater part of a year.
It is almost needless to say that the Republic treated the hero with her
usual vile ingratitude, and that Da Lezze was imprisoned for a year and
banished for ten because certain of the surviving inhabitants of Scutari
accused him of having written to Venice that the town
[Illustration: ENTRANCE TO S. ZACCHARIA]
was short of provisions when there was still a considerable store.
The impulse of conquest which had led the Turks so far was now almost
exhausted, and when Mohammed the Conqueror died, the moment would have
been favourable for driving the Turks out of the Archipelago,
especially as the throne of the
[Sidenote: _1483. Defence of Brescia, Tintoretto; Hall of Great
Council._]
Osmanlis was disputed by a number of claimants. But Venice was exhausted
by her many struggles, and the sovereigns of other European states were
only too ready to sacrifice the interests of Christianity at large to
[Sidenote: _1484. Taking of Gallipoli, Tintoretto; ceiling, Hall of
Great Council._]
their private ends. The result was that the Republic, finding herself
alone, made another ignominious peace with the Turks. But even now she
had no rest, for she was at war with the Duke of Ferrara, who enjoyed
the protection of the Pope. The latter exhausted every diplomatic means
to induce Venice to withdraw; but the only result was that the Republic
recalled its ambassador from Rome. Sixtus IV. now excommunicated Venice,
and attempted to send notice of
[Sidenote: _1484. Victory of Vittor Soranzo over the men of Este,
Tintoretto; Hall of Great Council._]
the excommunication by the political agent whom the Venetian ambassador
had left in Rome. That official, however, declined to take the message,
and the pope sent a special envoy, who was to present himself at the
palace of the Patriarch. But the prelate succeeded in avoiding him by
feigning illness, so that official notice
[Sidenote: _1484. Defeat of the Duke of Ferrara, Francesco Bassano;
ceiling, Hall of Great Council._]
of the interdict never reached the Signory, a result which delighted the
Venetians and proportionally scandalised all other Catholics. Venice
gave formal notice to the Emperor, the King of France, the King of
England, the Duke of Burgundy, and the Duke of Austria, that she
appealed against the excommunication to a future council, and meanwhile
no further attention was paid to the interdict. It was, in fact, removed
by the next Pope, Innocent VIII., who had no especial reason for
maintaining it.
The Republic had to deal at this time with internal troubles as well as
external difficulties. It happened that two men of the same name and
family were successively elected to be doges, and that the house in
question was one of those known as ‘the new.’ For the aristocracy
divided itself into two classes, of which ‘the old’ included only the
families of tribunitian descent, who considered themselves vastly
superior to all the rest. Nevertheless, the younger houses succeeded in
keeping the ducal honour to themselves for more than two hundred years.
In 1450 sixteen of these families had solemnly sworn never to allow the
election of any doge from amongst the elder houses, and sixty-eight
years had already passed since one of the latter had been chosen. On the
death of Marco Barbarigo it was noised abroad that the old houses were
about to make a determined effort to recover the desired dignity.
Agostino Barbarigo was elected with some difficulty, and it was quite
clear that there were now two hostile factions in the Venetian
government which were more occupied with their party spites than with
what concerned the welfare of the Republic.
It was a period of contradictions in Venetian history, for while the
State seemed to be often gaining territory it was frequently losing
influence and undermining the sources of its own wealth; and, on the
whole, the loss during the fifteenth century considerably exceeded the
profit.
It was at this time that Venice accomplished that remarkable piece of
juggling which ended in the annexation of Cyprus.
[Sidenote: _b. 1454, d. 1510. Smedley, II. chap. xiv._]
[Sidenote: _1489._]
[Sidenote: _Finding of the relic of the Cross in the Grand Canal, said
to contain the portrait of Caterina Corner, crowned, by Gentile Bellini;
Accademia, Room XV._]
Caterina Corner, or Catharine Cornaro, as we are accustomed to call her,
was the niece of a Venetian noble who lived in Cyprus, and she had
married Jacques de Lusignan, an illegitimate son of the last king of the
island. Less than two years after her marriage, when she was about to
become a mother, her husband suddenly died, bequeathing his kingdom to
the child that should be born. The infant that came into the world was a
son indeed, but only lived a few months, and as Catharine’s husband had
grasped the throne by driving out his half-sister, who was legitimate,
his widow now had great difficulty in maintaining her position against
the rightful heir, whose name was Charlotte, and who was married to the
powerful Duke of Savoy. Catharine had no choice but to place herself
under the protection of Venice, and the Republic, as usual when it
undertook to help a friend in distress, began by hoisting its own flag
on the citadel. With great skill the queen was gradually forced, in the
course of fifteen years, into the position of resigning her little
kingdom altogether into the hands of the Republic. In exchange she was
to receive a considerable income and an estate at Asolo, where she could
keep up the forms of a small court, still retaining her royal title. She
was brought to Venice, and was received with the utmost pomp and
display, and she retired quietly to Asolo, to spend the rest of her life
in the society of the most distinguished philosophers and men of letters
of the century.
Venice laid hands on all possible aspirants to the throne of Cyprus, men
and boys, women and girls; the latter were consigned to convents, from
which they were only allowed to go out occasionally with an escort. The
young men were closely watched and their expenses defrayed by the
Republic, and the boys were educated to be good Venetians.
So Venice got Cyprus, and for the sake of that little possession the
Republic appears to have sacrificed the opportunity of helping Columbus
to discover America. The fact has been denied, discussed, and asserted
again by historians, but a document has been discovered by M. Urbain de
Gheltof which, if genuine, puts an end to all doubt. That scholar has
found in a private archive in Venice the copy of a letter to a Venetian
noble written by Christopher Columbus from Palos, just before sailing to
discover America. I translate the short document, in which the simple
character of the Genoese explorer finds full expression:--
Very magnificent Sir--As your Republic did not think it was to its
interest to accept my offers, and as all the hatred of enemies
conspired to thwart me everywhere, I threw
[Sidenote: _Urbain de Gheltof, Letter of Christ. Col._]
myself into the arms of the Lord my God. And He, by the
intercession of His Saints, brought it about that the most clement
King of Castile, in his generosity, should help me to carry out my
plan of conquering a new world.
Thus, praise be to the Lord my God, I obtained command of vessels
and men, and I am presently going to sail towards this yet unknown
land which God inspires me to seek. I thank you for all your
kindness to me, and beg you to pray for me.
COLUMBO CRIST.
Written from PALOS, _August 1, 1492_.
The Venetians may not have very deeply regretted their refusal to help
the Genoese navigator, but they were made to suffer acutely by the
Portuguese discovery of the route to India by the Cape of Good Hope. For
Portugal now imported by sea direct to Lisbon the rich merchandise of
the East, of which the Venetians had hitherto enjoyed a monopoly, but
for the passage of which they paid heavy duties to the Sultan. The
supremacy of Venetian navigation was over, and a more daring race of
seamen ventured voyages in distant and unknown oceans whither they were
not followed by the old-fashioned mariners of the Mediterranean. It was
in vain that the Republic proposed to the Sultan Bajazet a commercial
alliance by which both powers might have profited; the Turk could not
understand that the ruin of Venetian trade must impoverish the whole
Archipelago and Constantinople itself. Instead of an alliance, a renewal
of hostilities ensued, in the course of which Lepanto fell into the
hands of the Turks, either because the garrison was insufficient or
because the Venetian admiral,
[Illustration: THE PIAZZETTA, MISTY MORNING]
Grimani, was not equal to the service required of him.
[Sidenote: _Marin Sanudo, III. chap. iii. 105._]
He shared the fate of almost all native-born Venetian commanders, and
was brought home laden with chains so heavy that he could not have
walked across the Piazzetta from the landing-place to his prison if he
had not been held up by his son, who was a Cardinal. He was confined in
one of the worst cells, surnamed ‘Forte,’ the Strong, and his sufferings
were such, according to Sanudo, who kept his journal at the time, that
the Cardinal appeared before the Signory one day to beg, as a favour,
that his father might be executed rather than made to die by inches in
his dungeon.
The people, as often happened, were quite of the opinion of their
masters, that to be beaten in fight was a shameful crime, and a savage
song about the unlucky Grimani was bawled in the streets--
Antonio Grimani, ruin of Christians, rebel of Venice!
May you be eaten by dogs,
By dogs and their pups,
You and your sons,
Antonio Grimani, ruin of Christians!
But it was of small use to torment the poor man and to make songs upon
him. Venice was forced to make a commercial treaty with the Portuguese,
to save herself from ruin.
Then came Charles VIII. of France and descended into Italy with fire and
the sword, and Venice was drawn into new and disastrous Italian wars. So
ended the fifteenth century.
THE DOGES OF VENICE
(ACCORDING TO ROMANIN)
NOTE.--_The Venetian year began on March first, whence the frequent
discrepancies between the dates given by different writers. In this
work every effort has been made to bring all dates under the usual
reckoning._
I. Paolo Lucio Anafesto elected 697 d. 717
Seat in Heraclea.
II. Marcello Tegaliano “ 717 “ 726
III. Orso Ipato “ 726 “ 737
(murdered). Seat in Malamocco.
(From 737 to 742, military governors called ‘Magistri Militum.’)
IV. Teodato Orso elected 742-755
(blinded and deposed).
V. Galla Gaulo “ 755-756
(blinded and exiled).
VI. Domenico Monegario “ 756-764
(blinded and deposed).
VII. Maurizio Galbaio “ 764 d. 787
VIII. Giovanni Galbaio and his son Maurizio “ 787-804
(both deposed).
IX. Obelerio with his sons Beato and Costantino “ 804 d. 811
(the father put to death as a traitor).
X. Agnello Partecipazio “ 811 “ 827
Seat henceforth in Rialto.
XI. Giustiniano Partecipazio “ 827 “ 829
XII. Giovanni Partecipazio I. “ 829-836
(deposed).
XIII. Pietro Tradonico “ 836 d. 864
(murdered).
XIV. Orso Partecipazio I. “ 864 “ 881
XV. Giovanni Partecipazio II. “ 881-888
(abdicated).
XVI. Pietro Candiano I. “ 888 d. 888
(killed in battle with pirates).
XVII. Pietro Tribuno “ 888 “ 912
XVIII. Orso Partecipazio II. (Badoer) “ 912-932
(abdicated and died a monk).
XIX. Pietro Candiano II. “ 932 d. 939
XX. Pietro Partecipazio (Badoer) “ 939 “ 942
XXI. Pietro Candiano III. “ 942 “ 959
XXII. Pietro Candiano IV. “ 959 “ 976
(murdered).
XXIII. Pietro Orseolo I. “ 976-978
(abdicated and died a monk, with the reputation of a saint).
XXIV. Vital Candiano “ 978-979
(abdicated and became a monk).
XXV. Tribuno Memmo “ 979 d. 991
XXVI. Pietro Orseolo II. “ 991 “ 1008
XXVII. Ottone Orseolo “ 1008-1026
(exiled to Constantinople).
XXVIII. Pietro Centranigo “ 1026-1032
(driven out).
XXIX. Domenico Flabianico “ 1032 d. 1043
XXX. Domenico Contarini “ 1043 “ 1071
XXXI. Domenico Selvo “ 1071 “ 1085
XXXII. Vital Falier “ 1085 “ 1096
XXXIII. Vital Michiel I. “ 1096 “ 1102
XXXIV. Ordelafo Falier “ 1102 “ 1118
(died in the Hungarian war).
XXXV. Domenico Michiel “ 1118 “ 1130
XXXVI. Pietro Polani “ 1130 “ 1148
XXXVII. Domenico Morosini “ 1148 “ 1156
XXXVIII. Vital Michiel II. “ 1156 “ 1172
(killed).
XXXIX. Sebastian Ziani “ 1172 “ 1178
XL. Orio Mastropiero “ 1178-1192
(abdicated and became a monk).
XLI. Enrico Dandolo “ 1192 d. 1205
(died in Constantinople).
XLII. Pietro Ziani “ 1205-1229
(abdicated).
XLIII. Jacopo Tiepolo “ 1229-1249
(abdicated).
XLIV. Marin Morosini “ 1249 d. 1253
XLV. Renier Zeno “ 1253 “ 1268
XLVI. Lorenzo Tiepolo “ 1268 “ 1275
XLVII. Jacopo Contarini “ 1275-1280
(abdicated).
XLVIII. Giovanni Dandolo “ 1280 d. 1289
XLIX. Pietro Gradenigo “ 1289 “ 1311
L. Marin Zorzi “ 1311 “ 1312
LI. Giovanni Soranzo “ 1312 “ 1329
LII. Francesco Dandolo “ 1329 “ 1339
LIII. Bartolommeo Gradenigo “ 1339 “ 1343
LIV. Andrea Dandolo “ 1343 “ 1354
LV. Marin Falier “ 1354 d. 1355
(beheaded April 17).
LVI. Giovanni Gradenigo “ 1355 “ 1356
LVII. Giovanni Dolfin “ 1356 “ 1361
LVIII. Lorenzo Celsi “ 1361 “ 1365
LIX. Marco Corner “ 1365 “ 1368
LX. Andrea Contarini “ 1368 “ 1383
LXI. Michel Morosini “ 1383 “ 1384
LXII. Antonio Venier “ 1384 “ 1400
LXIII. Michel Steno “ 1400 “ 1413
LXIV. Tommaso Mocenigo “ 1413 “ 1423
LXV. Francesco Foscari “ 1423-1457
(deposed, and died a few days later).
LXVI. Pasquale Malipiero “ 1457 d. 1462
LXVII. Cristoforo Moro “ 1462 “ 1471
LXVIII. Niccolò Tron “ 1471 “ 1474
LXIX. Niccolò Marcello “ 1474 “ 1474
LXX. Pietro Mocenigo “ 1474 “ 1476
LXXI. Andrea Vendramin “ 1476 “ 1478
LXXII. Giovanni Mocenigo “ 1478 “ 1485
LXXIII. Marco Barbarigo “ 1485 “ 1486
LXXIV. Agostino Barbarigo “ 1486 “ 1501
LXXV. Leonardo Loredan “ 1501 “ 1521
LXXVI. Antonio Grimani “ 1521 “ 1523
LXXVII. Andrea Gritti “ 1523 “ 1538
LXXVIII. Pietro Lando “ 1538 “ 1545
LXXIX. Francesco Donato “ 1545 “ 1553
LXXX. Marcantonio Trevisan “ 1553 “ 1554
LXXXI. Francesco Venier “ 1554 “ 1556
LXXXII. Lorenzo Priuli “ 1556 “ 1559
LXXXIII. Girolamo Priuli “ 1559 “ 1567
LXXXIV. Pietro Loredan “ 1567 “ 1570
LXXXV. Aloise (Luigi) Mocenigo “ 1570 “ 1577
LXXXVI. Sebastian Venier “ 1577 “ 1578
LXXXVII. Niccolò Da Ponte “ 1578 “ 1585
LXXXVIII. Pasquale Cicogna “ 1585 “ 1595
LXXXIX. Marin Grimani “ 1595 “ 1606
XC. Leonardo Donà “ 1606 “ 1612
XCI. Marcantonio Memmo “ 1612 “ 1615
XCII. Giovanni Bembo “ 1615 “ 1618
XCIII. Niccolò Donà “ 1618 “ 1618
XCIV. Antonio Priuli “ 1618 “ 1623
XCV. Francesco Contarini “ 1623 “ 1624
XCVI. Giovanni Corner “ 1624 “ 1630
XCVII. Niccolò Contarini “ 1630 “ 1631
XCVIII. Francesco Erizzo “ 1631 d. 1646
XCIX. Francesco Molin “ 1646 “ 1655
C. Carlo Contarini “ 1655 “ 1656
CI. Francesco Corner “ 1656 “ 1656
CII. Bertuccio Valier “ 1656 “ 1658
CIII. Giovanni Pesaro “ 1658 “ 1659
CIV. Domenico Contarini “ 1659 “ 1674
CV. Niccolò Sagredo “ 1674 “ 1676
CVI. Aloise Contarini “ 1676 “ 1683
CVII. Marcantonio Giustiniani “ 1683 “ 1688
CVIII. Francesco Morosini “ 1688 “ 1694
CIX. Silvestro Valier “ 1694 “ 1700
CX. Aloise Mocenigo “ 1700 “ 1709
CXI. Giovanni Corner “ 1709 “ 1722
CXII. Aloise Sebastian Mocenigo “ 1722 “ 1732
CXIII. Carlo Ruzzini “ 1732 “ 1735
CXIV. Luigi Pisani “ 1735 “ 1741
CXV. Pietro Grimani “ 1741 “ 1752
CXVI. Francesco Loredan “ 1752 “ 1762
CXVII. Marco Foscarini “ 1762 “ 1763
CXVIII. Aloise Mocenigo “ 1763 “ 1779
CXIX. Paolo Renier “ 1779 “ 1788
CXX. Ludovico Manin “ 1788-1797
(abdicated with the aristocratic government).
TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL DATES IN VENETIAN HISTORY
A.D.
421 (about) Venice founded by fugitives from Aquileia, Altinum, and
Padua. (According to tradition on March 25, 421, at noon.)
697 Paulus Lucas Anafestus of Heraclea chosen as first Doge.
809 Pepin, son of Charlemagne, attempts to take Venice and is
defeated.
828 (about) The body of Saint Mark is brought to Venice, and he is
proclaimed protector of the Republic in place of Saint
Theodore.
959 (about) The brides of Venice and their dowries are carried
off by Istrian pirates.
975 The first basilica of Saint Mark is destroyed by fire.
998 Pietro Orseolo is acclaimed as Doge of Venice and Dalmatia.
998 The Emperor Otho III. visits Venice secretly.
1009 Venice is ravaged by the plague.
1099 Venetians defeat the Pisans off Rhodes.
1123 Defeat of the Turks at Jaffa.
1123 The Doge Domenico Michiel takes Tyre.
1167 Venice joins the Lombard League, with Verona, Padua, Milan,
Bologna, and other cities.
1172 Institution of the Great Council, in which membership is
open and elective.
1177 The Emperor Frederick Barbarossa makes submission to
Pope Alexander III. at Venice.
1177 The ceremony of the Espousal of the Sea by the Doge
instituted.
1202 (Oct. 8) The Venetian fleet sets out for the Fourth Crusade under the
Doge Enrico Dandolo.
1204 (April 12) Constantinople taken by the Venetian and French forces.
1277 Membership in the Great Council limited to those of
legitimate birth.
1297 Closure of the Great Council, in which membership becomes
a privilege of the nobles.
1300 Conspiracy of Marino Bocconio.
1310 Conspiracy of Marco Quirini and Bajamonte Tiepolo.
1335 Permanent institution of the Council of Ten.
1348 Venice loses half her population by the plague.
1354 Conspiracy of Marino Faliero.
1379-80 War of Chioggia.
1404-54 During this time Venice possesses herself, on the mainland,
of Padua, Ravenna, Verona, Treviso, Vicenza,
Brescia, Bergamo, Feltre, Belluno, Crema, and Friuli.
1405 Carlo Zeno takes Padua from Carrara.
1426 League with Florence concluded. Brescia surrenders to the
allied forces, the Venetian troops being commanded by
Carmagnola.
1428 Bergamo surrenders to Carmagnola.
1432 (May 5) Carmagnola executed as a traitor to the Republic.
1437 Erasmo da Narni, nicknamed Gattamelata, is made commander
of the Venetian army.
1449 Bartolommeo Colleoni is commander of the Venetian forces.
1453 (May 29) Constantinople taken by the Turks. Many Venetians are
massacred and much Venetian property destroyed.
1477 Scutari, besieged by the Turks, is successfully defended by
Antonio da Lezze.
1489 Venice annexes Cyprus, leaving Catharine Cornaro the empty
title of its Queen.
1508 League of Cambrai, between the Emperor Maximilian, Pope
Julius II., Louis XII. of France, and Ferdinand of Aragon.
1571 (Oct. 7) Battle of Lepanto won by the allied fleets of Venice, Genoa,
the Holy See, and Spain, commanded respectively
by Sebastiano Venier, Andrea Doria, and
Marcantonio Colonna, under Don John of
Austria as commander-in-chief.
1574 Visit of Henry III. of France.
1575-7 Venice, swept by the plague, loses
one-fourth of her population,
Titian among them. Church of the
Redentore built to commemorate its cessation.
1577 (Dec. 20) Fire destroys the Hall of the Great Council, with many
magnificent works of art.
1630 Another visitation of the plague, commemorated by the Church
of the Salute.
1715-18 The Turks wrest from Venice Crete and the Peloponnesus.
1784 Angelo Emo, the last Venetian leader,
humbles the Bey of Tunis.
1788 Election of the 120th and last Doge, Ludovico Manin.
1796 The ceremony of the Espousal of the Sea by the Doge takes
place for the last time.
1797 (April 18) General Bonaparte, by the treaty of Campo-Formio, cedes
to Austria the Venetian provinces
between the Po, the Oglio,
and the Adriatic, in exchange for Romagna,
with Ferrara and Bologna.
1797 (May 12) The Doge Ludovico Manin abdicates, and the Great Council
accepts the Provisional Government required by General
Bonaparte.
1798 (Jan. 18) The Austrian garrison takes possession of Venice.
1866 (Oct. 19) Austria cedes Venice to Napoleon III., who transfers it to
Victor Emanuel II., King of Italy.
BOOKS CONSULTED
ALBERI, E. Relazioni degli ambasciatori Veneti. 15 vols.
ANONYMOUS. Monumenti artistici e storici delle Provincie venete
descritti all’ Arciduca Ferdinando Massimiliano d’Austria da una
commissione.
Archivio storico italiano, serie i. vol. viii.
Archivio Veneto, part i. voi. xi. 1871.
Ateneo Veneto (1865) (see below, CARRER).
BASCHET, ARMAND. Les Archives de Venise. Souvenirs d’une mission. Les
Archives de Venise. Histoire de la Chancellerie secrète.
BEMBO. Delle istituzioni di beneficenza nella città e provincia di
Venezia.
BONNAL. Chute d’une République. Venise d’après les archives secrètes de
la République.
BROWN, H. F. Life on the Lagoons.
Venetian Studies. Venice. An historical Sketch of the Republic.
BROWN, RAWDON. Venetian Archives, with special reference to English
History.
CARRER. Anello di sette gemme o Venezia e la sua storia.
CECCHETTI. Sull’ istituzione dei magistrati della R. Veneta fino al
secolo XIII. (Ateneo Veneto for 1865).
Di alcuni dubbi nella storia di Venezia.
La R. di Venezia e la Corte di Roma nei rapporti della Religione. 2
vols.
Di alcuni appunti per la storia della medicina.
Il mercato delle erbe e del pesce a Venezia.
CICOGNA, EMANUELE. Iscrizioni Veneziane.
Della bibliografia Veneziana.
Cronaca Altinate (published by the Abbé Rossi in the Archivio storico
Ital. vol. viii. series i.).
DA CANAL, MARTIN. Ibid.
DALMEDICO. Canti del popolo Veneziano.