9. Colin's Labor evangelica, published in Madrid, 1663; a new edition,
in three volumes, and greatly enriched by notes and was published by
Pablo Pastells, S. J. (Barcelona, 1900-1902).
10. See B. and R., vol. 33, pp. 233-235. The original says the
ransom included 150 chickens; hence 450, an error due again to
Amoretti.
11, Conquistas do las Islas Fillpinas (Madrid, 1698). There is no
doubt of the frequency of inter-island trade among the peoples of the
Philippines at an early period. Trade was stimulated by the very fact
that the Malay peoples, except those who have been driven into the
mountainous interiors, are by their very nature a seafaring people. The
fact of an inter-island traffic is indicative of a culture above that
possessed by a people in the barbarian stage of culture. Of course,
there was considerable Chinese trade as well throughout the islands.
12. This estimate is somewhat high. A writer in speaking of the
population of Manila, the metropolis of the Philippines then as now,
about 1570 says that its population scarcely reached 80,000, instead
of the 200,000 reported.
13 Licentiate Pedro de Rojas, of the Manila Audiencia, in a letter
to Felipe II, June 30, 1586--Vol.6, pp. 265-274 says (p. 270):
"If there were no trade with China, the citizens of these islands,
would be richer; for the natives if they had not so many tostons,
would pay their tributes in the articles which they produce, and
which are current, that is, cloths, lampotes, cotton, and gold.--all
of which have great value in Nueva España. These they cease to
produce because of the abundance of silver; and what is worse and
entails more loss upon your Majesty, is that they do not, as formerly,
work the mines and take out gold". The old records contains numerous
references to the decline of the native industries of the Philippines
after the arrival of the Spaniards and the increase of Chinese trade.