Charles II. on passing through Bodmin, is said to have observed, that
“this was the politest town he had ever seen, as one half of the houses
appeared to be _bowing_, and the other half _uncovered_.” Since the days
of Charles, the houses are altered, but the inhabitants still retain
their politeness, especially at elections.
Vol. I.--12.
[Illustration: ~Ancient British Pillar, Valle Crucis Abbey, North
Wales.~]
Who first uprear’d this venerable stone,
And how, by ruthless hands, the column fell,
And how again restor’d, I fain would tell.
*
A few years ago, an artist made a water-colour sketch of this monument,
as a picturesque object, in the romantic vicinage of Llangollen; from
that drawing he permitted the present, and the following are some
particulars of the interesting memorial.
Mr. Pennant, during his “Tour in Wales,” entered Merionethshire, “into
that portion for ever to be distinguished in the Welsh annals, on
account of the hero it produced, who made such a figure in the beginning
of the fifteenth century.” This tract retains its former title,
“Glyndyfrdwy,” or the valley of the Dee. It once belonged to the lords
of Dinas Brân. After the murder of the two eldest sons of the last lord,
the property had been usurped by the earl of Warren, and that nobleman,
who appears to have been seized with remorse for his crime, instead of
plunging deeper in guilt, procured from Edward I. a grant of the
territory to the third son, from whom the fourth in descent was the
celebrated Owen Glyndwr.[85]
In this valley, about a quarter of a mile from Valle Crucis Abbey, Mr.
Pennant found the present monument. It was thrown from its base, and
lay in the hedge of a meadow. He figures it by an engraving of the
pillar in an upright position, showing the fracture of the lower part as
it then appeared in relation to the square socket-stone, its original
supporter. Mr. Pennant calls it the “remainder of a round column,
perhaps one of the most ancient of any British inscribed pillar now
existing;” and he thus proceeds:--
“It was entire till the civil wars of the last century, when it was
thrown down and broken, by some ignorant fanatics, who thought it had
too much the appearance of a cross to be suffered to stand. It probably
bore the name of one; for the field it lies in is still called
‘Llwyn-y-Groes,’ or the Grove of the Cross, from the wood that
surrounded it. It was erected at so early a period, that there is
nothing marvellous if we should perceive a tincture of the old idolatry,
or at least of the primeval customs of our country, in the mode of it
when perfect.
“The pillar had never been a cross; notwithstanding folly and
superstition might, in later times, imagine it to have been one, and
have paid it the usual honours. It was a memorial of the dead; an
improvement on the rude columns of Druidical times, and cut into form,
and surrounded with inscriptions. It is among the first lettered stones
that succeeded the ‘Meinihirion,’ ‘Meini Gwyr,’ and ‘Llechau.’ It stood
on a great tumulus; perhaps always environed with wood, (as the mount is
at present,) according to the custom of the most ancient times, when
standing pillars were placed ‘under every green tree.’
“It is said that the stone, when complete, was twelve feet high. It is
now reduced to six feet eight. The remainder of the capital is eighteen
inches long. It stood enfixed in a square pedestal, still lying in the
mount; the breadth of which is five feet three inches; the thickness
eighteen inches.
“The beginning of the inscription gives us nearly the time of its
erection, ‘Concenn filius Cateli, Cateli filius Brochmail, Brochmail
filius Eliseg, Eliseg filius Cnoillaine, Concenn itaque pronepos Eliseg
edificavit hunc lapidem proavo suo _Eliseg_.’
“This Concenn, or Congen, was the grandson of Brochmail Yseithroc, the
same who was defeated in 607, at the battle of Chester. The letters on
the stone were copied by Mr. Edward Llwyd: the inscription is now
illegible; but, from the copy taken by that great antiquary, the
alphabet nearly resembles one of those in use in the sixth century.
“One of the seats of Concenn and Eliseg was in this country. A township
adjacent to the column bears, from the last, the name of Eglwyseg; and
the picturesque tiers of rocks are called Glisseg for the same reason.
The habitation of this prince of Powys in these parts was probably Dinas
Brân, which lies at the head of the vale of Glisseg. Mr. Llwyd
conjectures that this place took its name from the interment of Eliseg.”
Mr. Pennant continues to relate that “There are two ways from this
pillar: the usual is along the vale, on an excellent turnpike road
leading to Ruthyn; the other is adapted only for the travel of the
horsemen, but far the more preferable, on account of the romantic views.
I returned by Valle Crucis; and, after winding along a steep midway to
the old castle, descended; and, then crossing the rill of the Brân,
arrived in the valley of Glisseg; long and narrow, bounded on the right
by the astonishing precipices, divided into numberless parallel strata
of white limestone, often giving birth to vast yew-trees; and, on the
left, by smooth and verdant hills, bordered by pretty woods. One of the
principal of the Glisseg rocks is honoured with the name of
Craig-Arthur; another, at the end of the vale called Craig y Forwyn, or
the Maiden’s, is bold, precipitous, and terminates with a vast natural
column. This valley is chiefly inhabited (happily) by an independent
race of warm and wealthy yeomanry, undevoured as yet by the great men of
the country.”
The “Tour in Wales” was performed by Mr. Pennant in 1773; and his
volume, containing the preceding account of the “Pillar of Eliseg,” was
published in 1778. In the following year, the shaft was reared from its
prostrate situation on its ancient pedestal, as appears by the following
inscription on the column, copied by the artist who made the present
drawing of the monument.
QUOD HUJUS VETERIS MONUMENTI
SUPEREST
DIU EX OCULIS REMOTUM
ET NEGLECTUM
TANDEM RESTITUIT
T. LLOYD
DE
TREVOR HALL
A.D.
M.DCC.LXX.IX.
It is not in my power to add more respecting this venerable memorial of
early ages than, that, according to a printed itinerary, its
neighbourhood is at this time further remarkable for the self-seclusion
of two ladies of rank. At about two miles’ distance is an elegant
cottage, situated on a knoll, the retreat of lady Elizabeth Butler and
Miss Ponsonby; who, turning from the vanity of fashionable life, have
fixed their residence in this beautiful vale.
[85] His quarrel with Howel Sele forms an article in the _Every-Day
Book_, vol. ii. p. 1021-1032.
* * * * *
~Hard Fare.~