4. =Nominative of address.= A noun that is used in addressing a person
or thing, is in the =nominative case of address=; as, _Man_, thy years
are few.
5. =Nominative absolute.= A noun that is not related to any other word
in the sentence is in the =nominative absolute case=; as, The _day_
being bright, I went for a drive.
6. =Object of a verb.= A noun or pronoun on which the action expressed
by a verb ends, is called the grammatical =object= of the verb; as, I
broke my _pen_.
7. =Object of a preposition.= A noun or pronoun which a preposition
connects in sense to some other word in the sentence, is called the
=object= of the preposition; as, He came from the _country_.
8. =Indirect object.= A noun or pronoun that is used to show _to_ or
_for_ whom or what something is done, is called the _indirect_ object;
as, He gave _me_ a watch. The word _watch_ is the _direct_ object of
_gave_.
9. =Possession.= A noun that is used to denote ownership is in the
=possessive= case; as, My _friend’s_ hat is missing.
10. =Adverbial object.= A noun that is used like an adverb to express
_time_, _distance_, _weight_, or _value_, is called an =adverbial
objective=; as, He walked five _miles_. It is worth eight _dollars_.
11. =Retained object.= When an active verb, taking two objects, is
changed into the passive voice, one object becomes the subject of the
passive verb, but the other is _retained as object_; as, He was forgiven
his _offence_.
12. =Cognate object.= When the objective has a similar or cognate
meaning to that of the verb, it is called a =cognate object=; as, She
sung us a _song_.
13. =Predicate objective.= When a noun is in the predicate relation to
an objective subject, it is called a =predicate objective=; as, I know
him to be an honest _man_.
14. =An objective predicate.= A noun that completes the meaning of a
transitive verb and describes its object, is called an =objective
predicate=; as, They elected him _president_. The verbs _call_, _make_,
_appoint_, _choose_, _elect_, and those of like nature, take the
=objective predicate=.
* * * * *
=LESSON LVII.=