describes as those of an Ionic temple; there is nothing however,
(that we can perceive), in the disposition of what still exists of
their plan to authorise such a conclusion; and we have considered
them the remains of a palace or other residence of more than
ordinary importance. The three remaining columns appear to have
formed part of a colonnade extending itself round the courtyard,
which has already been described as situated above an extensive range
of cisterns; remains of tesselated pavement are still observable
in the court-yard, and the walls which inclose it are very decided;
the columns have been raised on a basement of several feet in height,
as will be seen in the vignette in which they are represented.
‘Without these, to the northward, are ranges of fallen columns of
much larger dimensions than those we have just mentioned.’
Hamilton also has figured the Ionic columns, which he considers
as dating from a late epoch when not a tradition of true beauty
remained. He stigmatises them as clumsy and badly chiselled, and
he did not see in the whole place any fragments of sculpture or
architecture in a good style of art.[297]
Bruce’s drawing contains only the three columns, without accessories
of any kind. To return to his narrative:—
The Welled Urfa, a clan of no great consequence in force, but rich
in cattle, who occasionally pitch their tents there for the sake of
the grass, if it can be so called, are masters of Ptolometa. From
this neighbourhood, west to Bengazi, by Tochara, Byrsus, &c., are
the Ouagheer, of no great force either. On the other side of the
mountains to the east are Dursha, a thievish tribe, consisting of
about 800 foot and 200 horse. Thieves from these Moors kept us in
alarm all night, but, not having time to increase their numbers,
they proceeded only so far as to attempt to rob our horses. In the
forenoon we decamped about eleven, having taken our measurements
and designs, and took refuge with the Ouagheer. Great rains having
fallen for nine days, the grass in and about Ptolometa was nearly
a foot high, but the corn had not yet appeared.
In calm weather vessels, chiefly French, have loaded at Ptolometa
both wheat and oats, but this year famine was everywhere.
This is the only city of the Cyrenaicum that has any considerable
remains of architecture standing. We finished our drawings on December
30. On the north-west side of the city are the very large quarries
from which the stone for building the city was taken. We see with
surprise the large blocks which were raised for the architraves and
other principal parts of the building. Large grottos in the form of
houses are cut into these rocks, and on the side of one of them,
among other designs, the amusement of the quarriers, is hewn a
frontispiece of an Ionic temple, touched with considerable spirit
and intelligence, about four feet high.
Here we met a small Greek vessel unloading corn, belonging to an
island not far from Crete; and here we received bad news, that the
Welled Ali, the Arabs that mostly occupy the whole country between
this and Alexandria, were at war amongst themselves, and had plundered
the caravan of Morocco going to Mecca, that great dearth or famine
had been at Derna, and the plague had followed it, that that town,
divided into upper and lower, were at war among themselves, and
that the Welled Habeeb were at war with the Arabs of Ptolometa,
where we now were, and that we could pass no further.
This torrent of many woes was irresistible; we determined to stay
no longer, but to fly from this inhospitable coast, and thus save
to the public at least the knowledge we had already acquired for them.
We embarked on board the Greek caique very ill-armed and accoutred. We
sailed by the dawn of day from Ptolometa in as favourable and pleasant
weather as I ever saw at sea. A light and steady breeze, though not
perfectly fair, promised a short and agreeable voyage, but the wind
soon turned so fresh that our vessel with her large latine sails
and without ballast, fell vastly to leeward; we turned prow upon
Bengazi, and not far from shore we struck upon a rock, which went
fairly through the vessel, and she, as it were, sat down upon it. The
wind providentially calmed, but there was still a great swell at sea.
Two boats were still astern and had not been hoisted in. M‘Cormack,
my Irish servant, had been a sailor on board the ‘Monarch’
before he deserted to the Spanish service; he and the other, who
had likewise been a sailor, presently unlashed the largest boat and
we all three got down into her, followed by a multitude of people
whom we could not hinder, and there was indeed something bordering
on cruelty in preventing poor people from using the same means that
we had done for preserving their lives.
The most that could be done was to get loose from the ship as soon
as possible, and two oars were prepared to row the boat ashore.
I had stripped myself to an under-waistcoat and linen drawers, a silk
sash or girdle was wrapt round me; a pencil, small pocket-book and
watch were in my breast pocket; two Moorish and two English servants
followed me, the rest wisely abode by the wreck.
The vessel had in it a number of poor people, men, women and children,
flying from famine, who all got over the ship’s side into the boat
likewise—they were too many, it is true, but who was to hinder
them? We were not twice the length of the boat from the vessel before
a wave nearly filled her. I saw our fate was to be decided by the
next wave that was rolling in upon us, and satisfied that some woman,
child, or helpless man would lay hold upon me, entangle my arms, and
weigh me down, I cried to my servants, ‘We are all lost, follow
me if you can swim,’ and I let myself down in the face of the
wave. Whether that or the next swell filled the boat I know not. I
was a good, strong and practised swimmer, in the flower of life,
full of health and exercise, and I suppose at the time one of the
strongest men in the world.
All this, however, which might have availed me much in deep water,
was not sufficient when I came into the surf. I received a violent
blow on my breast with the eddy wave and reflux; it seemed to be
with a billet of wood, and threw me upon my back and made me swallow
a considerable quantity of water, which almost suffocated me.
I avoided the next by dipping my head and letting the wave go over. I
found myself exceedingly weary and exhausted, but the land was close
at hand.
A large wave floated me up, and I endeavoured, but in vain, to
prevent myself from going back again into the surf. My heart was
strong but my strength was failing, by being involuntarily twisted
about and struck on the face and breast by the surf. After some
further struggle before I gave myself up, I sank in the reflux of the
tide, to see if I found ground, and I touched the sand with my feet,
though the water was still deeper than my head. The strength of ten
men was infused into me by this discovery; I fought manfully, taking
advantage of floating only upon the influx of the wave, and preserving
my struggle to hinder me from coming back. I was almost insensible,
for I had drunk a great deal of water fetching breath. When I found
my hands and knees upon the sand, I fixed my nails and knees fast,
and was no longer carried back by the reflux. I had perfectly lost
my recollection and understanding, and having crawled so far as to
be out of the reach of the tide on the dry sand, I suppose, fainted,
for I was totally insensible.
In this critical situation the Arabs, who live two short miles from
the shore, came down in crowds to plunder the vessel.
One of the boats was thrown ashore, and they had belonging to them
some others. There was yet one with the wreck, which scarcely appeared
with its gunwale above water.
The first thing that wakened me from the semblance of death was a
blow with the butt-end of a lance, shod with iron, on the juncture
of my neck with the back-bone, which gave me violent pain. It was
very providential it was not with the point, for the small, short
waistcoat I had upon me, all in Turkish fashion, made the Arabs
believe I was a Turk. After many kicks, blows and curses they stript
me of the little clothing I had, and left me naked.
The boat had come ashore, another boat had been there, and a number
of these savages had gone aboard to rifle the vessel, which was full
of water, and fast going to pieces; everybody was brought ashore
and all were stript naked as I had been.
After the discipline I had undergone, I had walked or crawled up
among some white sandy hillocks, where I sat down; luckily the weather
was warm, though it promised to be colder as the evening drew on.
There was great danger to be apprehended if I approached the tents
where the women were, while I was naked, for in this case it was
very probable I would receive another bastinado something worse than
the first.
I was so confused that I could not recollect I could speak to them
in their own language, and now only it came into my mind that by
the gibberish, in imitation of Turkish, the Arab had uttered to me
in mockery, while he was beating and stripping me, he took me for
a Turk, to which, in all probability, my ill usage was owing.
An old man and a number of young ones came up to me where I
was sitting. I gave them the salute _Salam Alicum_, to which none
answered but one, a young man, who only repeated ‘Salam Alicum’
in a tone as if wondering at my impudence. The old man asked me
whether I was a Turk, and what I had to do there? I said I was no
Turk, but a poor Christian physician, a Derwich, that went about the
world seeking to do good for the love of God, and was flying from
famine, which I had found in that country, and was going to Greece,
where I might get bread. He asked me whether I was not a Candiot
or Cretan? I said I had never been in Crete, but came from Tunis,
and was going there to seek bread, having lost everything in the
shipwreck of that vessel. I said this in so despairing a tone of
voice that there was no doubting left with the Arab that it was true.
A ragged, dirty barrican was immediately thrown over me, and I
was ordered up to the tent, where there was a great spear thrust
through at one end of it, a mark of sovereignty. There I saw the
Sheikh of the clan, who, being in peace with the Bey, after many such
questions as those I have mentioned, offered me a plentiful supper,
of which all my servants partook, none having perished. A multitude
of consultations ensued, of which I freed myself in the best way
I could by alleging all my medicines were lost, in hopes to engage
some of them to seek for my sextant at least, but all to no purpose;
so that after staying two days amongst them, the Sheikh clothed me
anew, gave us all the clothes we had been stripped of, and camels
and a conductor to Bengazi, where we arrived on the evening of the
second day.
Thence I sent a compliment to the Sheikh, and with it a man from
the Bey, entreating that he would use all possible means to fish up
some of my cases, and send me word, assuring him that he would not
miss a handsome reward.
Promises and thanks were returned, but I never heard further of my
instruments. All we recovered from the Arabs was a silver watch of
Ellicot’s, its works taken out and broken to pieces, some pencils,
and a Turkish leather small portfolio, in which was the sketch of the
measure of Ptolometa; my pocket-book too was found, but my pencils
were lost, being in a silver case, and so were all my astronomical
observations since I came from Tunis.
There was lost my sextant and parallactic instrument, one timepiece,
one reflecting telescope, and an acromatic one, a book with many
drawings, a copy of M. de la Caille’s ‘Ephemerides,’ which I
very much regretted, having a great many manuscript marginal notes,
the small camera obscura, some guns and pistols, a blunderbuss and
several other articles.
We found at Bengazi a small French sloop, the master of which had
often been at Algiers when I was consul there. I had even, as he
remembered, done him some little service, for which, contrary to the
usage of that sort of folk, he was still very grateful. He had come
there loaded with corn, and was going somewhere up the Archipelago or
towards the Morea; the cargo he had brought was but a mite compared
to the necessities of the place; it only relieved the soldiers for
a time, and many people of all ages and sexes were still dying daily.
The harbour of Bengazi was full of fish, and we caught a great
quantity of many excellent kinds every day with a small net. We
fished, too, a multitude with the line, enough to have maintained a
larger number of people than our family; we had vinegar and pepper,
and some stores of onions. We had little bread, it is true; but
still our industry kept us very far from starving. I endeavoured to
instruct these wretches; gave them packthread and some coarse hooks,
with which they could have subsisted easily with attention, and the
smallest pains; but they would rather starve in multitudes, striving
to pick up single grains of corn spilt upon the sand from the bursting
of the sacks, or the inattention of the bearers unloading the vessels,
than take pains to watch one hour with the floating tide for fish,
where, after taking one, they were sure to be masters of multitudes
till high water.
The captain of this small vessel lost no time; he had done his
business well, and he was returning for another cargo, yet he offered
me what part of his funds I needed with great frankness.
We sailed with a fair wind and in four or five days’ easy weather
we landed at Canea, a small port on the western end of the island
of Crete, where the French carry on a considerable trade in oil for
their soap manufactories. I found myself ill there after the bathing
I had got at Ptolometa, and not a bit better of the beating, signs
of which I bore long afterwards.
It was one way of curing the whiteness of the skin, at which they
were very much surprised, and though it did not confine me to the
house, or hinder me from visiting that famous island, a violent
pain in my side and down my back had taken away a great deal of my
strength and activity. Sometimes I thought it was a muscular pain
from cold or over-exertion; sometimes I thought it arose from a
violent blow received from a stick while they were stripping me,
as upon a change of weather I have felt it at times to this day.
Here ends Bruce’s narrative of his travels in the Barbary States;
the remainder of his notes have reference to his excursions in Syria,
especially to his visits to Baalbec and Palmyra. The drawings of
Roman remains there are in no way inferior to those I have attempted
to illustrate, but they do not come within the scope of the present
work. These ruins have, moreover, been so fully described by other
writers, and so frequently visited by the modern traveller, that they
do not possess the freshness or interest attaching to the others,
many of which are almost as little known at the present day as they
were before Bruce’s visit a century ago.
[Decoration]
[Illustration: _Plate XXIX._
FAC-SIMILE OF BRUCE’S M. S. (_See page 10_.)]
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 287: The Cyrenaica comprised the Greek cities of Barca,
Teuchira, Hesperis and Apollonia, the port of Cyrene. Under the
Ptolemies, Hesperis became Berenice, Teuchira was called Arsinoe,
and Barca was entirely eclipsed by its port, which was raised into
a city by the name of Ptolemais. The country was at that time called
the Pentapolis, from its five cities above mentioned.]
[Footnote 288: See the rumour regarding this petrified city, reported
by Peyssonnel. Peyss., ap. Dur. de la Malle, i. p. 52.]
[Footnote 289: A species of Tarantula.]
[Footnote 290: Anciently Teuchira, subsequently Arsinoe, one of the
five cities which composed the Pentapolis. Pacho (1827) states that
the town was surrounded by a wall, forming an irregular enclosure of
about two miles in circumference, flanked with towers at its angles,
probably the fortifications built by Justinian. M. della Cella, in
1817, described two ruins, one with an inscription encircled by a
garland of laurels, and the other evidently a temple to Bacchus. See
also Beechey, p. 354, _et seq._, where is a chart of Teuchira.]
[Footnote 291: Consult Beechey, chap. xii.]
[Footnote 292: See Beechey, p. 257, who has also given an illustration
of it.]
[Footnote 293: Illegible in original.]
[Footnote 294: No other sketch but that before mentioned exists in
the Kinnaird collection.]
[Footnote 295: This inscription has since been removed in a very
mutilated condition to Paris.]
[Footnote 296: Pacho, _Relation d’un Voyage dans la Marmarique, la
Cyrénaique, &c., pendant 1824-25_. Paris, 1857; p. 178, Pl. lxviii.;
lix., fig. 1; lxxii.]
[Footnote 297: Hamilton’s _Wanderings in North Africa_, p. 144.]
INDEX.
* * * * *
ABDULLA ibn Säad, 65
Abou el-Mohadjera, 65
Acouba, 178
Adanäa, 55
Ad Mercuriam, 113
Agbia, 214
Ain Amara, 37
— el-Amba, 102
— Ayat, 137, 139
— Barbar, 32, 34
— Bedjen, 101
— Beida, 100, 113
— Djougar, 135
— Edjah, 214
— Ghorab, 173
— Jeleed, 287
— Kemellel, 101
— Khenchla, 98
— Meimoun, 95
— Shabrou, 113
— Tunga, 227
— Yakoot, 56
— Youkous, 113
Aioun el-Hedjeb, 165
Akalat Heneshia, 164
Akbou, 119, 120
Aleppo pines, 194, 212
Ali Cherif, 119, 120
Alpha grass, 174
Amadis, 271
Amakin, 243
Amamra, 58
Amer Cheraga, 43
Ammædara, 189
Amphitheatre of El-Djem, 156
Ampsaga, 48
Andalusian Moors, 136, 230
Apollonia, 283
el-Arbäa, 73
Arches, 159
el-Aria, 42-44
Ariana, 132
Aquæ Regiæ, 178
Aquæ Tacapitanæ, 269
Aqueduct of Carthage, 129, 130
— of Cherchel, 23, 28
— of Tunis (Spanish), 140
Arab invasion of Africa, 178, 279
Arab tents, 213
Araditanum, 149
Arsinoe, 283, 285
Ash, of the Atlas, 121
Aspinwall, Mr., 15
Assuras, 207
Aures, Kaid of, 76
Aures Mountains, 58, 62, 66, 68, 70
Augustine, St., 31
Ausum, 119
Azib-esh-Sheikh, 120
Azrou, 118
Azrou-n-Tehour, 121
BAALBEC, Bruce’s drawings of, 294
Bab el-Goos, 136
— Khalid, 135
Babor, Mount, 122
Bacax, 40
el-Badja, 233
el-Baghäi, 100
Bagradas, 141
Bahira Gournata, 122
Bahiret el-Arneb, 265
— Cedret ed-dib, 269
— Sebkha, 66
— es-Sers. See _Sers_
el-Baiadha, 255
el-Bali, 79
Balugani, Luigi, 3, 6, 8, 49, 207
Barca, 283, 287
Barota, 170
Barrington, Hon. Daines, 7, 10
Bartolomeo, Don, 49
Bas el-Bab, 231
Bastion de France, 249, 260
Batna, 61
Bears, 252
Beetles, 165
el-Beidha, 75
Beit el-Hadjar, 194
Belad er-Ramel, 242
Bel Hanneish, 189
Belisarius, 47, 64, 130
Bengazi, 283, 285, 287, 291, 293
Beni Abbas, 114, 116
— Illilten, 122
— Mahenna, 253
— Melekeuch, 119
— Moumenein, 58
— Saleh, 253
— Teourigh, 122
— Zeed, 269
Bent Saida, 135
Berbers, 63, 64, 253
Bedeau, General, 68
Berbrugger, M., 27
Berenice, 283
Betoum, 91
Bey of Tunis, 128, 129, 140, 147, 148
Biban, 116
Bilingual Stone of Dougga, 221, 224
Bir en-Noosf, 268
Bisica Lucana, 229
Bizerta, 128, 142, 144, 146
Boisredon, Comdt., 66
Bone, 31
Boni, 115
Bordj el-Aioun, 259
— Bou Arreredj, 114
— Ibrahim, 214
— Medjana, 114, 115
Bou Dhiaf, 58, 81, 83, 92
— Hammama, 95
— Koberain, 53
— Merzoug, 113
— Radeh, 149
— Rouman, 105
— Salem, 233
— Seliah, 212
— Shater, 142
— Shemma, 270
— Zeina, 58, 75
Bruce appointed Consul-General at Algiers, 15
— visits Pæstum, 16
— leaves Algiers, 21
— arrives at Constantine, 50, 112
— — — Physgeah, 58
— — — Tattubt, 52
— — — Taggou Zeina, 52
— visits the Medrassen, 56
— — the Aurès Mountains, 58
— — Lambessa, 58, 71
— — Timegad, 83
— — Baghai, 100
— — Tebessa, 103
— — Carthage, 128
— — Aqueduct of Carthage, 132
— — Zaghouan, 136, 138
— — Tunis, 149, 153, 273, 277
— — El-Djem, 157, 159, 273, 275
— — Sbeitla, 181
— — Hydra, 188
— — Sbiba, 192
— — Mukther, 194, 198
— — Zanfour, 207, 211
— — Kef, 210
— — Lorbus, 211
— — Zowarin, 211
— — Dougga, 217
— — Ain Tunga, 227
— — Medjez el-Bab, 231
— — Tabarca, 250
— — Feriana, 265
— — Gaffsa, 267
— — Tozer, 267
— — Chott el-Djerid, 268
— — Nefzowa, 269
— — Gabes, 269, 275
— — Matamata, 272
— — Djebel Abeide, 273
— — Djerba, 275
— — Tripoli, 276, 278
— — Lebidah, 283
— — Bengazi, 283, 293
— — Ras Sem, 285
— — Ptolometa, 288
— shipwrecked near Bengazi, 291
— sails for Crete, 294
— antiquities collected by, 11
— Itinerary of, 21
— manuscripts of, 2, 9, 10, 11
— drawings of, presented to King, 5, 9
— drawings of, exhibited at Institute of British Architects, 7
— at Graphic Society, 7
— by the Queen at Society of Antiquaries, 9
Bruce, number of drawings made by, 4
Bucawash, 112
Buffaloes, wild, 146
Bugeaud, village of, 33
CACTUS, 165
Callitris quadrivalvis, 81
Canal of Gabes, proposed, 271
Cape Negro, 240, 245, 249
Capsa, 267
Carthage, 128
— aqueduct of, 129, 130
Castellum Medianum, 114
Catada, 131
Caterpillars, 98
Catherwood, Mr., 223
Cattan, 272
Caves of Djebel Thaya, 39
— of Nefsa, 240
Cedars, 95, 96, 188
Cephala, 285
Cerastes, 286
Chachias, 136
Chanzy, General, 61
Charles V., 150, 167, 248
Chausæ, 270
Chawia, 62, 67
Chellata, 119, 121
Chelma, 175
Cherchel, 24, 29
— aqueduct of, 23, 28
Chott el-Djerid, 268, 271
— el-Gharsa, 271
Christianity, extinction of, 178
Chouchat er-Ramel, 82
Cirta, 47
Cleveland, Captain, 20
Cockerell, Mr. C. M., 8
Col de Chellata, 121
Collins, M., 130
Constantine, 47
Cookery of Kabyles, 117
— in Tunis, 215, 233
Copper mines of Ain Barbar, 38
— of Teboul, 259
Coral fishery, 248
Cork trees, 255
Couscousou, 80
Cows, wild, 287
Crete, 294
Cumming Bruce, Major, 2, 7, 11
Cuffra, 287
Cyrenaica, 283
Cyrene, 283
DABDABA, 269
Daharet-Foua, 66
Daly, Mons. César, 8, 31, 36, 39, 117
Dar el-Bey, Tunis, 148
Dastugue, General, 61, 70, 81
Date trees, 76
Degeuche, 267
Derna, 287, 291
Dhahar el-Baidha, 173
Dhiffa, 80
Diana Veteranorum, 9, 53
Dihya bent-Tabita, 66
Disforesting, effects of, 34, 154, 179, 191, 226
Diss Grass, 174
Djama, 212
Djebel Abeide, 272, 273
— Arbet, 267
— Asker, 272
— Atatfa, 255
— Azim, 56
— Berd, 73
— Bou Arif, 56
— Bou Dreicen, 91
— Chellia, 93
— Debagh, 38
— Deir Sabah, 205
— Demmer, 273
— Djougar, 130
— Edough, 31, 32, 255
— Gerioun, 52
— Hanneish, 188
— Ishkul, 145
— Kharouba, 91
— Kulb-Raha, 235
— Lazarak, 77
— Mahmel, 62, 79, 81
— el Melah, 269
— Mesaood, 211
— Mestiri, 112
— es-Sakhera, 232
— Serdsum, 98
— Skarna, 193
— Tebaga, 269
— Tella, 142
— Tesbent, 101
— Thaya, 39, 252
— Tirmis, 75
— Trozza, 173, 205
— Usmir, 265
— Zaghouan, 130, 135
— Zana, 142
el-Djem, 9, 156, 273, 275
Djerba, 118, 272, 275
Djilma, 175
Djougar, 135
Djurdjura, 115, 121
Dogs, Arab, 213
Dolmens. _See_ Megalithic remains
Donaldson, Professor, 7, 12, 223
Dougga, 216
Douglas, Dr., 5, 7
Dowarets, 273
Dowary, 267
Dragons of the Atlas, 141
Drid tribe, 188, 210, 212
Dundas, Mrs. Whitely, 12
Dupuis, Mr., 150
Dursha, 290
Duveyrier, 271
Dyeing red caps, 137
EASTERN question, 257
Ebilla, 265
Edough, 31, 32, 255
Enf en-Neser, 52
Escort, exactions of, 165
— required in Tunis, 163
FATNASSA, 268, 269
Fedj bou-Ghareb, 43
Feggara, 275
Fennick, 269
Feriana, 265, 266
Fezzan, 287
Fig-tree, 121
Firis, 91
Fisgiah, 52
Fish, at Bengazi, 293
— in Lake of Bizerta, 144
— in Lake of Ishkul, 145
— in rivers, 180
el-Fonduk, 141
Fontaine des Princes, 33
Forests, destruction of, 34, 154, 179, 191, 212, 226
Fort National, 122, 123
Foum Kosentina, 91
Frashish tribe, 175
Frontiers of Algeria, 257, 258
GABES, 270, 271, 275
Gaddems, 272
Gaffsa, 267
el Geläa in Aures, 98
el-Geläa of the Beni Abbas, 115, 116
Geläa Adjmar, 188
Geläat es-Senan, 188
Geldaman, 120
Genseric, 31, 279
Geryoun, 53
Ghaara, 269
Ghar el-Djamäa, 41
el-Gharfa, 214
Ghomara, 253
Gilimer, 31, 64, 130
Gildon, Count, 85
Girfah, 44
Gobal, 266
Gouseba, 192
Gray, Sir James, 16
Grain baskets, 117
Gregorius, 177, 279
Grenneh, 288
Guebilli, 269
Guelma, 36
Guerah el-Hout, 259
HADJAR eth-Theldj, 39
Hadjarat en-Noosf, 269
Hadrumetum, 150
Halifax, Lord, 15
Hamada Oulad Ayar, 194
el-Hamma, 267, 269
Hammam Meskoutin, 32
Hamilton, Mr. W., 8
Hanach ben Abdulla es-Sanani, 103
Hanencha, 103
Haracta, 53-113
Hassan bin Naäman, 66
Henchir Merabba, 164
Henna, 271
Henneisha, 269
Hesperides, 285
Hesperis, 283
Himyarite kings of Yemen, 63
Hippo Regia, 31
— Diarrhytus, 142
Hockey, game of, 139
Hot springs, 266
Hydra, 188
Hunter, Dr., 5
ICHERRIDHEN, 123
Ifrikos, 63
Ighil Ali, 118
Inland Sea, 271
Iron mines, 34
JÄARA, 270
Jerboas, 165-286
Jibbeleah, 273
Jol, 24
Jowassi, 287
Juba I., 24
Juba II., 24, 25
Jugis Aqua, 267
Julia Cæsarea, 23
Julian, Count, 65
Juniperus macrocarpa, 80, 179
KABYLE hospitality, 122
— industries, 119
— schools, 118, 121
Kabyles of Tunis, 238
el-Kahina, 65, 66, 157
el-Kaläa, 98
el-Kantara of Constantine, 48
Karatonis, 152
el Kasr, 257
Kasr el-Aioun, 166
Kasr el-Ghoula, 49, 50
Kasr el-Mahdjouba, 43
Kasr Saeed, 147
el-Kef, 188, 205, 210
Kef er-Rai, 193
Kef Omm et-Taboul, 259
Kerouan, 65, 166
Ketena, 272
Khamisa, 215
el-Khanaba, 42
Khanga Kef et-Toot, 239
Khangat el-Hadeed, 255
Kheir-ed-deen, General, 129, 140, 147, 214
Khenchla, 66
Khomair, 238, 243, 251, 253
Khouans, 53
Kingston, Earl of, 6, 127, 129, 142, 163, 196, 199, 206, 221, 239
Kirke, Mr. R., 20
Kirna Mons, 145
Kiss, 259
Kisser, 207, 211
Koceila, 65
LA CALLE, 249, 259
el-Lahs, 205
Lake of Bizerta, 144
— of Ishkul, 145
— of Marks, 268
Lalla Khadidja, 122
Lambessa, 60, 70
Laradam, 81
Lashash, 58
Latin words in Chawia language, 68
Lebidah, 283
Lead mines, 32, 34, 245, 259
Leithon, 285
Leptis, 278
— Magna, 283
Lerneb, 265
Lions, 96, 179, 188, 194, 226, 252
Lomellini, 248
Long and short bond, 218
Lorbus, 211
Lotophagi, 275
Lotus, 270, 275
Lowdeah, 268
Lybian inscriptions, 200, 205
Lybia Tripolitana, 278
MACARTHY, Monsieur, 27
Mactar, 197
Madghes, 58
Magaran, 135
Magherawa, 205
Mahadjiba, 43
Makhsin, 212
Malich, 99
Mampsuras, 79
Manouba, 132
Marad, 287
Marbles, Numidian, 111, 220
Maretba, 266
Marfa, 58
Mascula, 98
Massinissa, 58
Matamata, 272, 273
Mater, 145
Mauritania, divisions of, 24
el-Mechebka, 49
Medjerda, 140, 141, 229
Medjez-el-Bab, 231
Medrassen, 56
Megalithic remains in Aures, 82, 92
— at Mahadjiba, 44
— — Roknia, 39
— — Sigus, 112
— — Tarafana, 42
Mekna, 242, 243
Meksour Mediouna, 175
Melagou, 95
Melew, 265
Melghigh, 62
Menäa, 75
Meninx Insula, 275
el-Mensof, 268
Menzel, 154, 269, 270
Menzel Djemil, 142
Merabba, 164
Mercury mines, 78
Mesrata, Cape, 285
Metz, 120
Milliary columns, 214, 229
Mineral springs, 146
Minorca, 16
Miskiana, 113
Moawia ibn el-Hodeidj, 65, 142
Mohammed bin Abbas, 76
Mohammedan conquest, 65
Mohammedia, 149
el-Mokrani, 114, 115, 116, 118
Monastir (in Tunis), 150
— (at Bengazi), 285
Morocco, pilgrims from, 276, 288, 291
Mouchez, Capitaine, 271, 272, 276
el-Murag, 285
Murkäa, 75
Mukther, 195, 197
Mustowah, 53
NASABATH, 119
Neardie, 59
Nefsa, 239
Nefta, 272
Nefzowa, 269
Negro, Cape, 240, 245, 249
Nememchas, 101, 181, 267
Nesse-e-deep, 269
Norte, 275, 276
Noughir, 95
Nowader Ahmama, 78
OEA, 278
Okba ibn-Nafa, 55, 65, 150, 166
Okkaf, game of, 139
Olive-trees, 121, 140, 156, 226
Omm el-Ashera, 92
Omm et-Taboul, 259
Ostriches, 190
Oudena, 133, 149
Ouagheer, 290
Oued Abdi, 62, 75, 77
— el-Abiad, 62
— el-Ahmer, 75, 92, 244, 254
— Announa, 37
— el-Asood, 226
— Barbar, 244
— Bou Hamdan, 39
— Cherf, 39
— Dellai, 166
— Djilma, 175, 179
— Djoumin, 145
— el-Ferd, 272
— Froor, 257
— el-Hatab, 188, 192
— el-Hamma, 98
— Khallad, 214, 216, 226
— el-Kebir (Algiers), 119
— — (Tunis), 243, 244, 247
— el-Khezoun, 94
— Madhir, 58
— Maghir, 116
— Malah (Nefsa), 240
— — (Testour), 232
— Merg-el-leil, 173
— Beni Mesaoud, 119
— Meskiana, 105
— Mihran, 197
— Milian, 132
— en-Nissa, 56
— Rubooäa, 91
— er-Roumel, 48
— Sabon, 197
— es-Sahel, 116, 119
— es-Sahila, 244
— Sbeitla, 175, 179
— Shabrou, 105, 112
— Sherita, 165
— Shershera, 172
— Siliana, 212, 229
— Soumam, 119
— Taga, 81, 82, 91
— Tessäa, 214
— Tinga, 145
— ez-Zan, 244
— Zanfour, 206
— Zenati, 43
— ez-Zergäa, 206, 232, 233, 244
Ougela, 287, 288
Oulad Abd en-Noor, 53
— Abdi, 58
— Ali, 211, 212, 287, 291
— Amran, 179
— Aoun, 212
— Ayar, 194, 227, 232
— Azooz, 81
— Aissa, 113, 116, 117
— Daood, 83
— Habeeb, 291
— Hamadoosh, 116
— Hassan, 188, 192
— Mehenna, 192
— Seel, 188
— Sendasini, 173
— Sidera, 255
— Sidi Abid, 267
— Sidi bou Ghanim, 188, 253
— Touaoun, 211
— Urfa, 290
— Yagoube, 210, 211, 269
Outa el-Kebir, 141
— es-Seghir, 141
PALMYRA, 294
Palus Tritonidis, 268, 269
Panthers, 252, 269
Papua Mons, 31
Parisot, Capitaine, 271
Paterson, General, 59
Pentapolis, 283
Petrified city, 285
Pigeons, sacred, 196
Pinus haleppensis, 179, 188
Piranese, 5
Pistachia Atlantica, 91
Plague, 245, 260, 285
Portes de Fer, 116
Prisons, 235
Pseudopenias, 285
Ptolemy, of Mauritania, 24
Ptolemais, 283
Ptolometa, 288, 289
RAE, Mr. Edward, 261
er-Raheia, 192
Railways in Tunis, 237
Ramel es-Safra, 242
Randon, General, 105
Ras Sem, 285
Ras Takoush, 32
Reade, Sir Thomas, 221
Red-deer, 190, 252
Roknia, 39
Roudaire, Capitaine, 271
ES-SABALA, 140
Sabra, 171
Sabrata, 278
Sand, country of, 242, 245
San Pietro, 250
Ste. Cecile, 38
Saheb et Tabäa, 140
es-Sahel, 154
Salah Bey, 49
Sallecta, 161
Salt lakes, 165
Sanäa, 103
Sambat, 269
Sbeitla, 6, 177, 191
Sbiba, 177, 191
Sebkha es-Sedjoumi, 128
Selas tribe, 173
Sem, Ras, 285
Seniore, 43
Serpents, monstrous, 141
— tame, 273
Sers, plain of, 205, 210, 211, 212, 213
Setif, 114
esh-Shabiah, 212
Shaw, Dr., 15
Shells, fossil, 145
Shineny, 270
Shipwreck at Bengazi, 261, 265, 291
Sicca Venerea, 189, 210
Sidi Abd el-Azeez, 188
— Abou Dabous, 193
— Ahmed ez-Zair, 193
— Aich, 266
— Akesh, 32
— Ali ben Ahsan, 128
— Ali ben Oune, 266
— Ali ben Salem, 172
— Ali el-Mareghani, 122
— Ali Hassan, 146
— Bel-Khair, 78
— ben Aissa, 169
— ben Oune, 269
— bou Firnan, 254
— Bougeise, 112
— bou Hadid, 142, 144
— el-Henni, 165
— el-Houni, 143
— Mohammed Khultoom, 94
— Moëlla, 193
— Mohammed esh-Shabi, 213
— Naser, 164
— Teleely, 266
Si Ismaïl, 96
— Mustafa, 94
— Zerdoud, 32
Siga, 58
Signs, 39, 113
Sirocco, 194, 214
Sisara, 145
Siwah, 287
Snakes, water (_see_ Serpents), 180
Société Générale Algérienne, 113
Solomon Strategos, 64, 85, 99, 100, 105
es-Sook, 77
Sook el-Arbäa, 42
Sook et-Toork, 243
Sournah (Tebessa), 102
— (Constantine), 45
Soumar, 122
Soumat el-Hamara, 266
Spizzichino, Signor, 143
Strange, Sir Robert, 5-16
Sufes, 177, 191
Sufetula, 177, 192
Susa, 150
Syphax, 58
Syrtis Major, 283
— Minor, 273
TABARCA, 242, 243, 245, 247
Tabarcini, 250
Ta-Babor, 122
Tafna, 259
Taghit, mines of, 78
Tagoost, 75
Taggou-Zeinah, 53
Tamgout Lalla Khadidja, 122
Thamugas, 84
Tarafana, 42
Tarantula, 286
Tattubt, 52
Tazmalt, 119
Tazou-garet, 101
Tebessa, 64, 103, 189, 265
Teboursouk, 213, 215
Tegeuse, 267
Telegraphs in Tunis, 267
Telemeen, 269
Tenoucla, 265
Tents, Arab, 213
Testour, 229
Teuchira, 283, 288
Teyonis, Cape, 285
Tezzoute, 58
Thala, 265, 266
Thelepte, 265
Theniet Ain esh-Shair, 81
— el-Abid, 78
— er-Ressas, 81
Thibkah, 269
Thignica, 227
Thompson, Consul, 19
Thubursicum Bure, 215
— Numidarum, 141
Thugga, 216
Thunodronum, 139
Thurlow, Lady, 1
Thuyas, 80
Thysdrus, 156
Tibilis, 37, 40
Tide in Gulf of Gabes, 270, 271
Ti-farasain, 72
Ti-filkouth, 122
Tiges, 267
Ti-keshwain, 77
Tili-jouen, 121
Timegad, 8, 83
Timbuctoo, 267, 287
Tingitana, 24
Tirourda, 122
Tisurus, 267
Tizairt, 118
Tizi-Bart, 121
Tizi-Zijan, 78
Tobulbu, 272
Tochara, 288
Tombeau de la Chrétienne, 23, 25
Toujan, 273
Tozer, 267
Travel in Tunis, difficulty of, 147, 198, 210
Tricameron, 133
Tripoli (Africa), 177, 276, 278, 283
Tripoli (Syria), 288
Tritonis, Lake (Gabes), 269
— — (Bengazi), 285
Tuburbo, 228
Tucca Terebinthina, 197
Tunis, 128, 275
Tusca, 244, 258
Tymphes, 102
UTHINA, 132, 133
Utica, 142
VACCA, 234
Valière, M., 17
Vandals, 32, 47, 59, 64, 105, 133
Vapour baths of Djebel Trozza, 173
Vicus Augusti, 171
WADHAHA, 92
el-Wadi, 285
Wargummah, 275, 276
Warwick, Lord, 5
Wild boars, 269
Wood, Mr., 128, 155, 170, 238
Wurglah, 267
YEMEN, invasion of Africa by the Tobbas of, 63
Youkous, 112
ZAGHOUAN, 128, 129, 135, 138
Zaila, 287
Zainah, 53
Zama, 218
Zana, 53
Zanfour, 211
Zaratt, 272
Zaouiat Susa, 154
Zebeel, 287
Zeian, Lake of, 285
Zeina, 118
Zeghalma, 188
Zemoul, 52
Zereega, 272
Zeugitana regio, 136
Ziganiah, 113
Zikak, 73
Zoheir ibn Keis el-Belowi, 65
Zouarin, 210
Zucchara, 135
LONDON: PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET
Transcriber's note:
pg viii Changed: ZAGOHUAN to: ZAGHOUAN
caption in Plate II. Changed: FAC SIMILIE to: FAC SIMILE
pg 299 Changed: — Bel-Khair to: — Bel-Khair, 78
Minor changes in punctuation have been done silently.
Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.
Roman inscription ligatures without unicode equivalent have been
transcribed as their component letters enclosed in curly braces.
Letter characters in inscriptions depicted as partial or incomplete
are indicated with '~'.