unsatisfactory. The experience of the bar-tender is more than the
learning of the lexicographer. _Cobbler_, indeed, is well explained as
compounded of wine, sugar, lemon, and sucked up through a straw; but
of _cocktail_ we only learn that it is a compounded drink much used in
America. The etymologies given are generally satisfactory. _Julep_ is
from گلاب rose water. _Mull_ from _mulled_, erroneously taken as a past
participle. According to Wedgwood, _mulled_ is a form of _mould_, and
_mulled_ ale is funeral ale, _potatio funerosa_. _Nogg_ is from _noggin_,
signifying a pot, and then the strong beer which it contains. _Negus_ is
commonly known to have been the invention of Col. Francis Negus in the
reign of Anne. _Punch_ is of course from the Hindustani پانچ, signifying
5, from its five original ingredients, to wit, _aqua vitæ_, _rose water_,
_sugar_, _arrack_, and _citron juice_. A very unsatisfactory derivation
of _Sangaree_ is from the Spanish _sangria_, the incision of a vein.
_Shrub_ is clearly the Arabic شرب or syrup. _Smash_, explained curtly as
“iced brandy and water.” (_Slang_) is probably from the smashing of the
ice; while _sling_ seems evidently to be from the German _schlingen_, to
swallow.
[98] The verdict of François Guislier du Verger, the master-distiller in
the art of chemistry at Paris, in his _Traité des Liqueurs_, in 1728, is
altogether unfavourable to what he calls _Le Ponge_. “It is,” he says,
“an English liqueur, and a man must be English to drink it; for I think
it cannot be to the taste of any other nation in the world. It upsets
the stomach, provokes the bile, and violently affects the head. How,
indeed, can it be otherwise, seeing that it is composed of white wine,
Eau de vie, citrons, a little sugar, and bread crumbs.” And then follows
the observation: “If water were put instead of Eau de vie, with an equal
quantity of wine, a citron, and four ounces of sugar, a liqueur suitable
to every one would be the result, a liqueur which would do as much good
as the other does harm.”
[99] Such at least is the signification of _sangaree_ as far as American
drinks are concerned. But _Sang-gris_ is said by Bescherelle to be a
mixture of tea in wine amongst the sailors of the North. Perhaps the name
is taken from the colour. It recalls David Garrick’s “Why, the tea is
as red as blood.” In the West Indies it is made of Madeira, water, lime
juice, and sugar. Spices are sometimes added. Pinckard’s “West Indies,”
i. 469.
[100] _Shrub_ is called _santa_ in Jamaica. It is made in the West Indies
with rum, syrup, and orange-peel.
[101] The Slang Dictionary, however, defines _Sling_ as a drink peculiar
to Americans, generally composed of gin, soda-water, ice, and slices of
lemon. At some houses (understand public) in London _gin slings_ may be
obtained. Francatelli has an exquisite note on _Gin Sling_, which he
directs to be sucked through a straw. “I fear that very genteel persons
will be exceedingly shocked at my words; but when I tell them that the
very act of imbibition through a straw prevents the gluttonous absorption
of large and baneful quantities of drink, they will, I make no doubt,
accept the vulgar precept for the sake of its protection against sudden
inebriety.”
[102] Aromatic tincture: Ginger, cinnamon, orange peel, each 1 oz.;
valerian, ½ oz.; alcohol, 2 quarts. Macerate for fourteen days and filter
through unsized paper.
[103] Those who wish to investigate the antiquity of beer may find ample
matter to supply their desire in a work commonly attributed to Archdeacon
Rolleston, entitled, “Οινος Κριθινος, _a dissertation concerning the
origin and antiquity of barley wine_.” Oxford, 1750.
[104] Much has been written on the comparative merits of wine and
beer. Perhaps as good a remark as any on this subject was made by a
modern tradesman who, wishing to sell both, explained that, while
strongly advocating the introduction of wine, he did not at all intend
to depreciate the merits of our national beverage, beer. Where, he
continued, plenty of out-door exercise is taken, and little intellectual
effort is demanded, good beer is perhaps the most wholesome of all
drinks; and therefore he advised the “labouring man,” who could not
probably afford to buy wine, to drink beer, while others, who might be
supposed able to afford wine, were warned that they could not drink beer
with impunity.
[105] The world has little altered since the time of Martial (i. 19).
“_scelus est jugulare Falernum,_
_Et dare Campano toxica sæva mero._”
[106] This is the sweet potato, introduced into Europe before the common
potato.
[107] For an interesting account of this, vid., Dr., Charnock’s _Verba
Nominalia_.
[108] _Beajus_, which in Malay signifies a wild man.
[109] Roggewein’s _Voyage Round the World_.
[110] According to Kotzebue, old women chew, as in the South American
_chica_—let us hope this cannot be correct—and little girls spit on it to
thin the paste. Kotzebue’s _New Voyage Round the World_, vol. ii., p. 170.
[111] From the old French _Pallir_, to become vapid, lose spirit. Washy
stuff.
[112] See second part of _Westminster Drollery_, 1672.
[113] General Monk’s receipt is given in the _Harleian Miscellany_, i.,
524. London, 1744.
[114] “Mum’s the word,” etc.
[115] _Der Bierbrauer_, Prag., 1874.
[116] Hamilton’s _Account of Nepaul_.
[117] Pinckard’s _Notes_, p. 429.
[118] Robertson’s _History of America_, ii., 7.
[119] This is the beverage in general use. Titsingh’s _Japan_. Some
writers have connected it with our “_sack_.”
[120] When cold, it is said to produce _serki_, a species of fatal colic.
[121] For this list we are indebted to the courtesy of Messrs. Gow,
Wilson & Stanton, 13, Rood Lane, London, E.C.
[122] Messrs. William, James & Henry Thompson, 38, Mincing Lane London.
[123] Messrs. Gow, Wilson & Stanton.
[124] In September, 1890, a small parcel of Flowering Pekoe fetched, at
public sale, 36_s._ per lb., and this price has been largely exceeded on
former occasions.
“A parcel of tea from the Oriental Bank Estates Company’s Havilland
Estate in Ceylon was sold at auction in Mincing Lane yesterday for £17
per lb., or over one guinea an ounce.”—_Standard_, May 6th, 1891.
“A small lot of Golden Tip Ceylon tea from the Gartmore Estate was sold
by auction in Mincing Lane yesterday to the Mazawattee Ceylon Tea Company
at £25 _10s._ per lb.”—_Standard_, May 8th, 1891.
[125] Messrs. Wm. Jas. and Hy. Thompson.
[126] _Joannis Petri Maffeii Bergomatis, e Societate Jesu, Historiarum
Indicarum_, etc. _Florentiæ_, 1588.
[127] _Delle Cause della grandezza delle Città_, etc., del Giovanni
Botero. _Milano_, ed. 1596, p. 61.
[128] _Divers Voyages et Missions du P. Alexandre de Rhodes, en la Chine,
& autres Royaumes de l’Orient_, etc. _Paris_, 1653, p. 49.
[129] Catharine of Braganza, wife of Charles II.
[130] Portugal.
[131] The Works of Thomas Brown, ed. 1708, vol. iii., p. 86.
[132] His friend Tyers parodied the last phrase as “_te_ inviente die,
_te_ decedente.”
[133] _Relation du voyage de la Mer du Sud, aux côtes du Chily, et
du Pérou, fait pendant les années 1712, 13, 14_, par Amédée François
Frezier. _Paris_, 1716, 4ᵒ.
[134] _Joyfull Newes out of the newe founde Worlde_, etc. Englished, by
Jhon Frampton, _Marchaunt_, 1577, fol 101 b.
[135] Garden beds in which seeds are planted.
[136] Lima.
[137] Tschudi travelled in Peru, 1838-1842.
[138] _Travels in Peru_, by C. R. Markham, 1862, p. 237.
[139] In 1861, the cesto of Coca sold at 8 dollars in Sandia. In Huanaco
it was 5 dollars the aroba of 25 lbs.
[140] Ed. 1879, p. 363.
[141] _A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea, etc., by
John Barbot, etc. Now first printed from his original MS., 1732._
[142] Part 2, Section 5.—Mem. 1, Sub. 5.
[143] For a list of 500 Coffee Houses, see Appendix to _Social Life in
the Reign of Queen Anne_, by John Ashton.
[144] _Memoirs and Observations in his Travels over England_, etc.
[145] _A Brief Description of the excellent Vertues of that Sober and
Wholesome Drink called Coffee._ 1674, s. sh. fol.
[146] _The Mineral Water Maker’s Manual for 1866_, from which many
receipts are taken with thanks.
[147] Twaddell’s Hydrometer. From 11 to 12 lbs. sugar to the gallon
should give something near this specific gravity.
[148] A sufficient quantity.
[149] About 8½ lbs. loaf sugar to the gallon of water should produce this
S. G.
[150] An extract made from orange flowers.
[151] Or Butyric Ether, known as Essence of Pine-apple.
[152] Jargonelle Ether.
[153] Beware, however, of one compound ether, which gives the taste of
cinnamon, and is, Ethyl Perchlorate. This mixture is _explosive_!!!
[154] Raspberries.
[155] The form of this thanksgiving is very nearly akin to that said on
the occasion of eating any of the five kinds of cooked food from which
the _challah_ is due.
[156] Arist., _Metaph._, i., 3.
[157] Seneca, _Nat. Quæst._, iii., 13.
[158] _Ibid._, iv., 13.
[159] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxiii., 24.
[160] p. 220.
[161] Other authorities concerning this remarkable drinking fountain are
Nieremberg (_Occult. Philos._, ii., 350), Clavijo, Cairasio, and Dapper.
[162] _Harper’s New Monthly Magazine_, xi., p. 499.
[163] The mushroom used by the Chukchees is described by Lansdell,
_Through Siberia_, ii., 269, as “spotted like a leopard, and surmounted
by a small hood—the fly agaric, which here has the top scarlet, flecked
with white points. It sells for three or four reindeer.” So powerful
is the fungus that the native who eats it remains drunk for several
days. Half a dozen persons may be successively intoxicated by a single
mushroom, but every one in a less degree than his predecessor. Goldsmith,
_Chinese Philosopher_.
[164] Another description is, “Ale mixed with pepper and honey.”
[165]
Quem quicunque parum moderato gutture traxit,
Haud aliter turbat quam si mera vina bibisset.
—Ovid, _Metam._, xv., 329.
[166] The Hindustani گهي.
[167] A corruption of the Turkish يوغرت _Yughurt_.
[168] Lockman’s _Travels of the Jesuits_, i., 218.
[169] P. Alex. de Rhodes, _Voyages et Missions_. P. de Marini, _On the
Kingdom of Tonquin_.
[170] A word which, according to the _Glossarium Suiogothicum_,
originally meant simply bread and butter. It now comprehends anchovies
and other antepasts.
[171] So called probably from its being overgrown with fennel (μαραθρῶν
in Strabo, 160).