which it returned on the night of April 12–13 to attack near Locon on
the 13th. It held a sector in that region until its relief by the 220th
Division on May 6–7.
2. The division rested at Courrieres for three weeks. On May 26 it
relieved the 39th Division west of Vieux Berqum. Here it remained until
July 4, when it was relieved by the 207th Division.
SOMME.
3. The division moved to the area northwest of Tournai early in July.
There it rested and received drafts until its return to line northeast
of Martinpuich on August 26. The division fell back on Flers (27th),
Beaulencourt (1st), Villers au Flos (2d), Ruyaulcourt (3d), southwest of
Havrincourt (7th). It was withdrawn from line on September 10 after
losing 700 prisoners.
4. It was out of line for four weeks and unconfirmed reports indicated
its presence at Metz. However, it again appeared in line on the Cambrai-
St. Quentin front on October 10, north of Montay. It fought around Le
Cateau until the end of the month when it was withdrawn from line north
of Robersart. About the fourth of November the division was back in line
at Locquignol and in the closing days of the war it fell back to
Maubeuge.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The division was rated as first class. It was not used in any of the
major offensives of 1918.
44th Landwehr Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────
│ 1916 │ 1917
─────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────
Infantry. │Rosenberg. │93 Ldw. │44 Ldw. │81 Ldw.
│ │382 Ldw. │ │93 Ldw.
│ │ │ │382 Ldw.
─────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────
Cavalry. │ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Artillery. │ │Art. Command:
│ │ 270 F. A. Rgt.
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Engineers and│ │(444) Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ │ 411 T. M. Co.
│ │
│ │ 544 Tel. Detch.
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Medical and │ │274 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│ │360 Field Hospital.
│ │Vet. Hospital.
│ │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Transports. │ │M. T. Col.
─────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────
─────────────┬─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────
│ 1918 │ 1918
─────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────┼──────────────┬──────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────
Infantry. │44 Ldw. │81 Ldw. │ (?) │81 Ldw.
│ │93 Ldw. │ │93 Ldw.
│ │382 Ldw. │ │382 Ldw.
─────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────┼──────────────┴──────────────
Cavalry. │3 Sqn. 2 Uhlan Rgt. │3 Sqn. 2 Uhlan Rgt.
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Artillery. │134 Art. Command: │134 Art. Command:
│ 4, 5, 6, and 8 Abtl. 254 │ 61 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ Ldw. F. A. Rgt. │
│ 828 and 837 F. A. Btries. │ 822 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 1268 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 1321 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Engineers and│(444) Pion. Btn.: │444 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ 2 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist. │ 4 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist.
│ Pions. │ Pions.
│ 4 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist. │ 244 Searchlight Section.
│ Pions. │
│ 411 T. M. Co. │544 Signal Command:
│ 544 Tel. Detch. │ 544 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 63 Wireless Detch.
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Medical and │274 Ambulance Co. │274 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│268 Field Hospital. │360 Field Hospital.
│360 Field Hospital. │
│Vet. Hospital. │
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────
Transports. │M. T. Col. │
─────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────
HISTORY.
(81st Landwehr Regiment: 18th Corps District—Grand Duchy of Hesse and
Hesse—Nassau. 93d Landwehr Regiment: 4th Corps District—Prussian Saxony.
382d Landwehr Regiment: 7th Corps District—Westphalia.)
1916.
LORRAINE.
1. The 44th Landwehr Division was formed in April, 1917, by the grouping
of the 44th Landwehr Brigade (93d and 382d Landwehr Regiments) and the
81st Landwehr Regiment. The latter regiment had been successively
attached to the 39th Reserve Division (area of St. Dié until the spring
of 1916), to the Bavarian Ersatz Division (near Verdun until the end of
1916) and finally to the 54th Division (Flirey).
2. The 44th Landwehr Brigade, called the Rosenberg Brigade until July,
1916, united in December, 1915, on the left bank of the Moselle, the 1st
Landwehr Ersatz Regiment, afterwards the 382d Landwehr Regiment
(formerly attached to the Norroy Brigade) and the 93d Landwehr, former
Von Gundlach Regiment of the Graudenz Corps, formed from two of the six
surplus Landwehr battalions of the 4th Corps District and of the 38th
Landwehr Brigade Ersatz Battalion (Hanover), identified Jeandelize in
June, 1915. It was attached to the 8th Ersatz Division at the beginning
of 1916.
3. The 44th Landwehr Brigade held the Moselle front on the left bank of
the river until it was transformed into the 44th Landwehr Division.
1917.
BOIS LE PRÊTRE.
1. The formation of the 44th Landwehr Division in April, 1917, had no
effect upon the position of the elements which entered into its
composition. They continued to hold the left bank of the Moselle (Bois
le Prêtre) until October, 1917.
2. In this sector the 44th Landwehr Division gave signs of its presence
only by a few unimportant raids.
UPPER ALSACE.
3. On October 13, 1917, the 44th Landwehr Division was relieved from
Bois le Prêtre, entrained on the 16th at Arnaville, Pagny, Bayonville,
and was transferred to Alsace, detraining at Sierentz and Bartenheim.
During the night of the 18th–19th it went into line on both banks of the
Rhône-Rhine Canal.
On November 7 the division suffered some losses at Schoenholz.
VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.
Composed for the most part of elderly men accustomed to holding calm
sectors, the 44th Landwehr Division is the antithesis of an attack
division. However, it knows how to organize and maintain a position and
there is reason to believe that it would do well on the defensive.
Each of its regiments possesses an assault troop.
1918.
1. The division held the Altkirch sector throughout 1918 until the
armistice. The sector remained absolutely quiet.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The division was rated as fourth class.
45th Reserve Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │89 Res. │209 Res. │89 Res. │209 Res. │89 Res. │209 Res.
│ │212 Res. │ │212 Res. │ │212 Res.
│90 Res. │210 Res. │90 Res. │210 Res. │90 Res. │210 Res.
│ │211 Res. │ │211 Res. │ │211 Res.
│ 17 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 17 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 17 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │45 Res. Cav. Detch.│45 Res. Cav. Detch.│45 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │45 Res. F. A. Regt.│45 Res. F. A. Rgt. │45 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│45 Pion. Co. │45 Res. Pion. Co. │45 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │45 Res. Pont. Engs.│90 Res. Pion. Co.
│ │ │245 T. M. Co.
│ │ │45 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │45 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │90 Res. │210 Res. │90 Res. │210 Res.
│ │211 Res. │ │211 Res.
│ │212 Res. │ │212 Res.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │45 Res. Cav. Detch.│45 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │(?) Art. Command: │45 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ │
│ 45 Res. F. A. Rgt.│1 Abt. 20 Ft. A.
│ │ Rgt. (1, 2, and 4
│ │ Btries.).
│ │773 Light Am. Col.
│ │839 Light Am. Col.
│ │1210 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│II/21 or 345 Pion. │345 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ Btn.: │
│ 6 Co. 21 Pions. │ 6 Co. 21 Pions.
│ 45 Res. Pion. Co. │ 45 Res. Pion. Co.
│ 245 T. M. Co. │ 245 T. M. Co.
│ 294 Searchlight │ — Searchlight
│ Section. │ Section.
│ 23 Res. │445 Signal Command:
│ Searchlight │
│ Section. │
│ 445 Tel. Detch. │ 445 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 141 Wireless
│ │ Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │527 Ambulance Co. │527 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│75 Res. Field │76 Res. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│76 Res. Field │77 Res. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│77 Res. Field │445 Vet. Hospital.
│ Hospital. │
│Vet. Hospital. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │732 M. T. Col. │732 M. T. Col.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
HISTORY.
(2d Corps District—Pomerania.)
1914.
1. The 45th Reserve Division (forming the 23d Reserve Corps with the
46th Reserve Division) belongs to the series of divisions formed between
August and October, 1914. It received its training at the Jueterbog
Camp, entrained on October 12, and detrained at Alost in Belgium.
YSER.
2. On October 21, 1914, the 45th Reserve Division was engaged in the
battle of the Yser in the vicinity of Noordschoote-Steenstraat, and
suffered serious losses in the course of the battles, which were
prolonged until November (from Oct. 15 to Nov. 11 52 officers and 1,669
men in the 212th Reserve Infantry Regiment, according to the Official
List of Casualties).
3. In December elements of the division were in line in the vicinity of
Bixschoote.
1915.
FLANDERS.
1. The division remained in Belgium and in the vicinity of Armentières
during the entire year of 1915 and the first half of 1916.
2. On April 22, 1915, it attacked in the Steenstraat sector and occupied
the village of Lizerne, which counter attacks obliged it to abandon.
1916.
FLANDERS.
1. The 45th Reserve Division continued to occupy the zone north of Ypres
(Steenstraat-Boesinghe) until March 3, 1916. The 209th and 212th Reserve
Infantry Regiments were temporarily detached (from the end of January to
the beginning of March) and assigned to the 26th Division in the
Becelaere sector.
MESSINES.
2. On March 12 the division took over the sector of Messines, south of
Ypres. Until the month of September it did not take part in any
important action.
SOMME.
3. At the beginning of September it was withdrawn from Flanders, sent to
the Somme, and engaged in the sector of Thiepval-Martinpuich (Sept. 9 to
24). On September 15 it withstood the British attack between Courcelette
and Thiepval, where it lost very heavily.
OISE.
4. After a short rest in the vicinity of Bapaume the division was sent
to the Noyon area. It transferred the 209th Reserve Infantry Regiment to
the 207th Division, a new formation. At the beginning of October it went
into line on the left bank of the Oise at Tracy le Val. In the interval,
in order to fill up its regiments, it had to borrow from the Landsturm
battalions of the 2d Corps District (men of the Landsturm 2d Btn.,
trained and untrained from the classes 1892 to 1894).
1917.
1. January 22, 1917, the 45th Reserve Division left the sector of Tracy
le Val for the Sissonne Camp, and received training there for three
weeks. Its regiments had been practically re-formed. Between September
24, 1916, and February 21, 1917, the 210th Reserve Infantry Regiment had
received 79 noncommissioned officers and 1,522 men.
2. On February 12 it went into the sector Osly-Courtil-Chevillecourt,
west of Soissons. In March it retired in the direction of Coucy le
Château; it was put in reserve (Mar. 20 to Apr. 10) in the area north of
Laon.
AISNE-CHEMIN DES DAMES.
3. On April 10, in anticipation of the French attack, the elements of
the division were concentrated near Filain. On the 7th the 210th Reserve
Infantry Regiment was in action south of the Ailette Canal (east of
Vauxaillon). The other regiments were sent west of the Oise-Aisne Canal
toward Braye en Laonnois. All the units underwent the attack of April
16, and were relieved between April 20 and 22, having suffered very
heavy losses.
4. Concentrated and reorganized north of Laon (Crecy sur Serre), the
division again went into action near the Oise-Aisne Canal (Froidmont
Farm-Malval Farm, on May 3). Its losses were again very severe during
the new French attack of May 5. It was withdrawn from the front on the
6th.
VERDUN.
5. Transferred to the vicinity of Conflans and reorganized, the division
went into line on the Côtes de Meuse (Calonne les Éparges) on May 27.
6. After three months in the sector on the Côtes, the 45th Reserve
Division entrained at Conflans (Sept. 26) for Flanders.
FLANDERS.
7. On September 22 it went into position in the Zonnebeke sector as a
counterattacking division. Elements of the division were engaged on
October 1 (Polygon wood), on the 4th (Zonnebeke), and from the 9th to
the 12th as reinforcements on the Passchendaele front. After the British
attack of October 12 the division, very much exhausted by these battles,
was relieved.
VERDUN.
Transferred to the rear of the Côtes de Meuse, sent into line on the
heights northeast of St. Mihiel in November; it was sent to the vicinity
of Bohain in December.
RECRUITING.
Mixed at the time of its formation (1 Hanseatic Regiment), the 45th
Reserve Division was recruited almost entirely from Pomerania, in theory
at least, after its reduction to three regiments. Like the other units
recruited from this province (4th Division), at the end of 1915 and
several times since then, it has received a relatively large proportion
of elderly men (1892 to 1894 classes, trained and untrained).
VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.
The 45th Reserve Division fought well on the Somme. It put up a vigorous
defense on the Aisne in the course of its two engagements of April 16
and May 6, 1917.
The Pomeranians, who formed the greater part of its effectives, have a
military reputation to sustain. However, according to the statements of
prisoners, when the 212th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the Verdun
front to Flanders it refused to attack on September 30, 1917. (British
Summary of Information, Oct. 4.)
1918.
ST. QUENTIN.
1. Toward the end of January the division relieved the 36th Division
near Faye (north of St. Quentin), the latter division side slipping
toward the south. It remained here and took part in the initial attack
of the Somme offensive; it was withdrawn about the 24th of March. It was
not entirely withdrawn on that date, however, for besides still having
some elements in line, the rest of the division was in close support as
a “follow up” division. In this fighting it lost heavily.
MONTDIDIER.
2. A few days later it went to rest in the Montdidier area. Early in
April it entered line near Assainvillers (east of Montdidier), where it
was identified on the 6th, and was relieved by the 206th Division on the
18th, going to rest and refit in the region of Vouziers.
AISNE.
3. On the 1st of June the division was in reserve northeast of Fère en
Tardenois, and on the 3d it reinforced the front near Chaudun (southwest
of Soissons); it was relieved by the 23d Division and went to rest near
Oulchy le Château (west of Fère en Tardenois).
MARNE.
4. The allied counteroffensive having started on July 18, the division
was hurried into line near Montron (east of La Ferté Milon) to meet it.
Here it was heavily engaged and suffered severe losses. It was relieved
by the 26th Division on July 27.
5. It did not have an opportunity to rest, however, for it relieved the
201st Division north of Fère en Tardenois two days later. It was
relieved on August 3, and went to rest in the Maubeuge region. It was
identified here on the 23d, but a few days afterwards, the Germans
fearing an American attack in Alsace, it was dispatched to the vicinity
of Muelheim, where it arrived prior to September 3.
CHAMPAGNE-ARGONNE.
6. The division entrained on the 24th for Flanders, but was ordered to
detrain when it reached St. Morel (south of Vouziers) on the 26th and
remained there until midnight. Then the 212th Reserve Regiment entered
line in the Aire valley near Baulny, while the remainder of the division
moved farther to the west and entered line to the north of Fontaine en
Dormois (northeast of Suippes). On October 8 these elements came to the
east and the division was in line as a whole northwest of Châtel
Chéhéry. It was withdrawn on the 25th and went to rest in Lorraine in
the vicinity of Conflans (southwest of Briey).
7. On the 4th of November it came back into line near Woël (northeast of
St. Mihiel); it was still here on the 11th.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The 45th Reserve has been considered a second-class division. Heavily
engaged on the Somme (three times), on the Aisne, against the Allied
counteroffensive, and in the battle of the Meuse-Argonne, it has done a
great deal of heavy fighting during 1918, without, however, ever
particularly distinguishing itself. It suffered exceedingly heavy
losses. Early in September, the 212th Regiment received as a draft the
397th Regiment of the disbanded 222d Division. About the 16th of October
it received a very large draft of replacements among which were a
considerable number of elements of decidedly Bolshevistic tendencies.
Men deserted to the rear, to the enemy, and quite a few were punished
for insubordination to officers, and some for refusing to fight. The
morale of the whole division was very low.
45th Landwehr Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬───────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────
Infantry. │45 Ldw. │107 Ldw. │45 Ldw. │107 Ldw.
│ │133 Ldw. │ │133 Ldw.
│ │350 Ldw. │ │350 Ldw.
─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────
Cavalry. │ (?) │4 Sqn. Gd. (Saxon) Cav.
│ │ Rgt.
│ │23 Drag. Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Artillery. │Art. Command: │498 F. A. Rgt.
│ 408 F. A. Rgt. │1027 Light Am. Col.
│ │1043 Light Am. Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Engineers and│(445) Pion. Btn.: │183 Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │
│ 4 Res. Co. 22 Pions. │4 Landst. Co. 9 C. Dist.
│ │ Pions.
│ 345 T. M. Co. │221 Searchlight Section.
│ 545 Tel. Detch. │545 Signal Command:
│ │ 545 Tel. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Medical and │Ambulance Co. │639 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│355 Field Hospital. │355 Field Hospital.
│Vet. Hospital. │45 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Transports. │562 M. T. Col. │
─────────────┴───────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────
HISTORY.
(19th Corps District—Saxony.)
1917.
1. The 45th Landwehr Division was formed on the Eastern Front in April,
1917. The 107th Landwehr Regiment was taken from the 35th Reserve
Division; the 133d Landwehr Regiment from the 92d Division; and the
350th Landwehr from the 91st Division, after having been a part of the
88th Division.
VOLHYNIA.
2. Until February, 1917, the 45th Landwehr Division occupied a sector in
Volhynia, near the Kovel-Rovno railroad.
VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.
The 45th Landwehr Division has been on the Eastern Front since its
formation. It appears to have only a mediocre offensive value.
1918.
UKRAINE.
1. In February, 1918, the division advanced toward Kiev. A man of the
133 Landwehr Regiment wrote from the Wolczek Camp (southeast of Kovel)
on the 15th of March: “Our regiment continues its march forward. It is
said to have suffered heavy losses. We are fighting against the
Bolsheviks; the Ukrainians are on our side.” Divisional headquarters
were at Poltava in April.
2. In May the three regiments of the division were in the vicinity of
Kharkov. The division was again identified here on October 13.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The division was rated as fourth class.
46th Reserve Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │91 Res. │213 Res. │91 Res. │213 Res. │91 Res. │213 Res.
│ │214 Res. │ │214 Res. │ │214 Res.
│92 Res. │215 Res. │92 Res. │215 Res. │92 Res. │215 Res.
│ │216 Res. │ │216 Res. │ │216 Res.
│ 18 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 18 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 18 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │46 Res. Cav. Detch.│46 Res. Cav. Detch.│46 Res. Cav. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │46 Res. F. A. Rgt. │46 Res. F. A. Rgt. │46 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│46 Res. Pion. Co. │46 Res. Pion. Co. │46 Res. Pion. Co.
Liaisons. │ │ │
│ │46 Res. Pont. Engs.│1 Res. Co. 25
│ │ │ Pions.
│ │ │246 T. M. Co.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │46 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │46 Res. Ambulance │
Veterinary.│ │ Co. │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Attached. │ │ │60 Anti-Aircraft
│ │ │ Section.
│ │ │3 Balloon Sqn.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────