vicinity of Riga, at the end of March, 1917. The 6th Landwehr Brigade,
which entered into its composition, had belonged to the 1st Landwehr
Division (former Jacobi Division), then had become independent when the
latter left the Riga front to go to Volhynia. It is then that the
addition of the 10th Landsturm Battalion to the Mitau group made the 22d
Landwehr Division from the 6th Landwehr Brigade.
COURLAND.
2. From April to October, 1917, the 22d Landwehr Division remained on
the Riga front (vicinity of Olai).
VOLHYNIA.
3. In October, it was transferred to the west of Kachovka (Volhynia),
where it remained until February, 1918.
VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.
The 22d Landwehr Division remained on the Russian front from the time of
its formation, March, 1917.
1918.
UKRAINE.
1. In February, 1918, the 22d Landwehr Division advanced into the
Ukraine, where it was between Kiev and Koursk on the 24th of March. On
May 9 the division was near Jitomir. The 219th Field Artillery Regiment
was at Kiev on the 24th of May. On September 7 the division was
identified near Stochod.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The division was rated as fourth class.
23d Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │45. │100 Gren.│45. │100 Gren.│45. │100 Gren.
│ │101 Gren.│ │101 Gren.│ │101 Gren.
│46. │108 Fus. │46. │108 Fus. │ │108 Fus.
│ │182. │ │182. │ │
│ 12 Jag. Btn. │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │20 Hus. Rgt. │ │18 Hus. Rgt. (3
│ │ │ Sqns.).
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │23 Brig.: │23 Brig.: │23 Brig.:
│ 12 F. A. Rgt. │ 12 F. A. Rgt. │ 12 F. A. Rgt.
│ 48 F. A. Rgt. │ 48 F. A. Rgt. │ 48 F. A. Rgt.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│ │1 Pion. Btn. No. │1 Pion. Btn. No.
Liaisons. │ │ 12: │ 12:
│ │ Field Co. 12 │ 1 Co. 12 Pions.
│ │ Pions. │
│ │ 23 Pont. Engs. │ 23 T. M. Co.
│ │ 23 Tel. Detch. │ 23 Pont. Engs.
│ │ │ 23 Tel. Detch.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │ │
Veterinary.│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │45. │100 Gren.│45. │100.
│ │101 Gren.│ │101.
│ │108 Fus. │ │108.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │3 Sqns. 20 Hus. │1 Sqn. 20 Hus. Rgt.
│ Rgt. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │23 Art. Command: │23 Art. Command:
│ 12 F. A. Rgt. │ 12 F. A. Rgt.
│ │ 1 Abt. 19 Ft. A.
│ │ Rgt. (1 and 3
│ │ Btries.).
│ │ 891 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 959 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 1100 Light Am.
│ │ Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│(1/12) Pion. Btn.: │23 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ 1 Co. 12 Pions. │ 1 Co. 12 Pions.
│ │
│ 3 Co. 12 Pions. │ 3 Co. 12 Pions.
│ 6 Co. 12 Pions. │ 23 T. M. Co.
│ 23 T. M. Co. │ 125 Searchlight
│ │ Section.
│ 23 Tel. Detch. │23 Signal Command:
│ │ 23 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 12 Wireless Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │30 Ambulance Co. │30 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│114 Field Hospital.│114 Field Hospital.
│Vet. Hospital. │117 Field Hospital.
│ │23 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │M. T. Col. │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
HISTORY.
(12th Corps District—Saxony.)
1914.
BELGIUM.
1. The 23d Division, on mobilization, was a part of the 12th Army Corps
with the 32d Division (2d Army, Von Hausen). It detrained on August
9–11, 1914, at Eifel, north of Treves, and entered Belgium on the 18th
by the north of Luxemburg.
MARNE.
2. It went into action on August 23 at Dinant, crossed the Meuse on the
24th, entered France on the 26th, went to the west of Chalons and took
part in the battle of the Marne on September 7 at Sompuis (west of Vitry
le Francois).
AISNE.
3. The 23d Division, with the 2d Army Corps, established itself in the
area northwest of Rheims.
1915.
AISNE.
1. The division held the front Craonne-Berry au Bac until July, 1916. In
this sector the losses were very slight.
2. In March, 1915, some of its elements were in Champagne for a short
time. In April, the 182d Infantry Regiment was taken for the 123d
Division (a new formation).
1916.
SOMME.
1. On July 3, 1916, at the beginning of the Franco-English offensive,
the 23d Division detached some elements of the 101st and 108th Regiments
to reinforce the divisions engaged in the attack (region of Sovecourt-
Vermandovillers).
2. From the end of July and until the 1st of September the 100th
Grenadier Regiment was incorporated in a new division (Franke Division),
which held the front from Deniecourt to Vermandovillers.
3. The other regiments of the 23d Division continued to occupy the
sector of Craonne-Berry au Bac until the end of August.
4. On September 4 the 101st and 108th Regiments, coming from Berry au
Bac, were sent to the Somme. They suffered considerable losses.
5. About September 15 the 23d Division was regrouped with its normal
elements (the Franke Division being dissolved) and received 2,700 men as
replacements (men of the Landstrum called in April and May and young men
of the 1917 class, most of them having had not more than two or three
months’ service. The 12th Company of the 100th Grenadier Regiment
received at least 108 men as replacements on September 20).
6. From October 1 to 6 the 23d Division went back into line between the
Chaulnes Railroad and the south of Vermandovillers. It again lost very
heavily during the time it remained in line until October 20. (The 2d
Company of the 108th Riflemen received, on Oct. 27, replacements of at
least 97 men, most of whom were returned wounded and convalescents.
Since Sept. 17 it had received at least 198 newcomers; the same holds
true for the 4th Company of the 104th Grenadier Regiment).
7. Relieved about October 25, the division was sent to a sector in the
Roye (Beuvraignes) area in November.
1917.
CHAMPAGNE.
1. It occupied this sector (between Armancourt and Roye) until the
moment of the German retirement and retired to St. Quentin on March 25,
1917.
2. Relieved and sent to rest at the beginning of April in the Sedan
area, it went up in the middle of the month to the sector in Champagne
between Hill 232 (east of Nauroy) and the Suippe.
3. On April 19 the 101st and 108th Infantry Regiments counterattacked
energetically and in very good order between the Teton and the Suippe
and obtained some local success for a short time. On April 20 the 100th
Infantry Regiment went into action in its turn.
4. Upon the conclusion of these operations, the 23d Division took up its
position on the new front (west of Auberive) and remained there until
the beginning of December, after making up for the heavy losses suffered
in April. At the beginning of January, 1918, the 23d Division went to
occupy the sector of Loivre, northwest of Rheims, and in February the
sector of Courcy.
RECRUITING.
The 23d Division is purely Saxon.
VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.
The 23d Division is very good.
It lost very heavily at the time of the offensive, April, 1917, in
Champagne, but still appeared good.
1918.
In February, 1918, the morale of the division seemed high.
1. The division continued in the sector northwest of Rheims (Courcy-
Brimont) until about February 20, where it was relieved by the 213th
Division and moved toward the Somme front.
2. It was transported to Neufchatel on the 23d. From there it proceeded
by stages to north of Guise (Esqueheries, La Neuville-le-Dorengt). It
rested and underwent training in this area until March 18. It marched by
night toward the front by way of Bohain, Fresnoy le Grand (where the
Kaiser inspected it), Le Verguier (evening of Mar. 21–22).
BATTLE OF THE SOMME.
3. The division followed the advance in third line from March 22 to 29
through Holnon, Beauvois, Athies, St. Christ, Chaulnes, Rosieres,
Beaucourt en Santerre. It was engaged from March 29 to April 3
(Mezieres, Villers aux Erables, La Neuville Sire Bernard). Its advance
continued to a line east of Mailly-Rainval, Sauvillers. It was in second
line from April 2 to 7, when it returned to line near Grievesnes until
April 13. The division’s losses were estimated to have been about 70 per
cent in the fighting.
CHAMPAGNE.
4. When withdrawn from the Somme, on the 13th, the division was moved to
Champagne and took over a quiet sector east of Auberive on the 31st,
which it held until June 6. While in line the division was
reconstituted.
5. The division rested in the vicinity of Bazoches from June 5 to 15,
undergoing intensive training. It came into line on the night of June
19–20 at St. Pierre Aigle, relieving the 45th Reserve Division. It was
retired from the front at Villers Cotterets about July 1. It rested near
Braisne until the 12th, when it marched toward the Marne front (Foret de
Ris) on July 12.
SECOND BATTLE OF THE MARNE.
6. It reinforced the battle front southwest of Dormans on the 15th. It
crossed the Marne east of Courcelles north of Sawigny and advanced to La
Chapelle Monthodon. On the 17th it was checked and rolled back by the
Foret de Fere to Fresnes (south of Fere en Tardenoise, July 26).
ARTOIS.
7. The division was withdrawn about the end of July and went to Chimay
to rest. On August 13 it entrained and moved to the Douai area via
Valenciennes, where it came into line on August 24 southwest of Arras.
The British attack forced it to give way to the line Beugny-Morchies,
with a loss of 700 prisoners. On the 5th the division withdrew from
line.
8. The division rested until September 27, when it appeared in line
northeast of Bixschoote, southeast of the forest of Houthulst. After
five days of heavy fighting it was withdrawn from line. Eight hundred
prisoners were taken from the division. It was at rest near Gits until
the 14th, when it was again engaged north of Roulers until October 20.
On that date it passed to second line southeast of Ghent, where it was
again in contact with the Allies on November 8. The last identification
was at Sommersaeke, Aecke, on November 9.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The division was rated as a third-class division. Its use in two
offensives of 1918 and its constant employment on active sectors in the
last six months of the war would seem to warrant a higher rating.
At the end the effectives of the division was very much reduced.
23d Reserve Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1914 │ 1915 │ 1916
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │45 Res. │100 Res. │45 Res. │100 Res. │45 Res. │100 Res.
│ │ Gren. │ │ Gren. │ │ Gren.
│ │101 Res. │ │100 Res. │ │101 Res.
│46 Res. │102 Res. │46 Res. │102 Res. │46 Res. │102 Res.
│ │103 Res. │ │103 Res. │ │103 Res.
│ 12 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 12 Res. Jag. Btn. │ 12 Res. Jag. Btn.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Cavalry. │Res. Hus. Rgt. (3 │ │Res. Hus. Rgt.
│ Sqns.). │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │23 Res. F. A. Rgt. │23 Res. F. A. Rgt. │23 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │ (6 Btries.). │
│ │32 Res. F. A. Rgt. │32 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ │ (6 Btries.). │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│ │(?) Res. Co. 2 │4 Field Co. 2 Pion.
Liaisons. │ │ Pion. Btn. No. │ Btn. No. 12.
│ │ 12. │
│ │23 Res. Pont. Engs.│2 Res. Co. 2 Pion.
│ │ │ Btn. No. 12.
│ │23 Res. Tel. Detch.│223 T. M. Co.
│ │ │
│ │ │23 Res. Pont. Engs.
│ │ │
│ │ │23 Res. Tel. Detch.
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │ │ │
Veterinary.│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │ │ │
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
─────────────┬───────────────────┬───────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────┼─────────┬─────────
│Brigade. │Regiment.│Brigade. │Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────
Infantry. │45 Res. │100 Res. │46 Res. │100 Res.
│ │ Gren. │ │
│ │102 Res. │ │102 Res.
│ │392. │ │392.
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────
Cavalry. │2 Sqn. Res. Hus. │2 Sqn. 18 Res. Hus.
│ Rgt. (Saxon). │ Rgt.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Artillery. │118 Art. Command: │118 Art. Command:
│ │
│ 23 Res. F. A. Rgt.│ 23 Res. F. A. Rgt.
│ (9 Btries.). │
│ │ 1 Abt. 15 Res. Ft.
│ │ A. Rgt.
│ │ 875 Light Am. Col.
│ │ 1002 Light Am.
│ │ Col.
│ │ 1003 Light Am.
│ │ Col.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Engineers and│323 Pion. Btn.: │323 Pion. Btn.:
Liaisons. │ │
│ │
│ 4 Co. 12 Pions. │ 4 Co. 12 Pions.
│ │
│ 2 Res. Co. 12 │ 4 Res. Co. 22
│ Pions. │ Pions.
│ 5 Res. Co. 12 │ 223 T. M. Co.
│ Pions. │
│ 223 T. M. Co. │ 133 Searchlight
│ │ Section.
│ 423 Tel. Detch. │423 Signal Command:
│ │ 423 Tel. Detch.
│ │ 143 Wireless
│ │ Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Medical and │270 Ambulance Co. │270 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ (Sax.). │
│520 Ambulance Co. │4 Res. Field
│ │ Hospital.
│4 Res. Field │8 Res. Field
│ Hospital. │ Hospital.
│8 Res. Field │423 Vet. Hospital.
│ Hospital. │
│423 Vet. Hospital. │
─────────────┼───────────────────┼───────────────────
Transports. │721 M. T. Col. │721 M. T. Col.
─────────────┴───────────────────┴───────────────────
HISTORY.
(12th Corps District—Saxony.)
1914.
BELGIUM-ARDENNES-CHAMPAGNE.
1. The 23d Reserve Division, forming on mobilization the 12th Reserve
Corps, with the 24th Reserve Division, was a part in 1914 of the 3d
German Army (Von Hausen). It detrained on August 12–13 at Wengerohr
(Coblentz-Treves line), remained for a few days on the frontier north of
Luxemburg, and entered Belgium on the 19th. It crossed the Meuse at
Antree, below Dinant (Aug, 23), and entered France on the 27th by way of
Phillipville (Marienburg and Couvin). It went across Champagne by
Chateau Porcien, Tagnon, and Le Chatelet (Sept. 1), went to the east of
Rheims, crossed the Marne east of Epernay, and reached the railroad from
Sezanne to Vitry le Francois between Vassimont and Sommesous on
September 8.
MARNE.
2. Engaged in the battle of the Marne, on the extreme right of the 3d
Army, the 23d Reserve Division suffered heavy losses (Sept. 8–9).
CHAMPAGNE.
3. It retired, by way of Mourmelon, to the region of Moronvilliers
Auberive and took up its position there (end of September).
1915.
CHAMPAGNE.
1. The 23d Reserve Division occupied the Champagne front (Auberive
sector) until the month of July, 1916.
2. On September 25 it received the French offensive, which caused it
very heavy losses. At this time the 103d Reserve Infantry Regiment was
detached from the 23d Reserve Division and assigned to the Liebert
Division. In October it rejoined the 23d Reserve Division after being
reorganized. Its losses in the Champagne battle had been 140 killed, 751
wounded, and 1,369 missing. On October 2 at least 115 men had been sent
to the 8th Company of the 103d Infantry Regiment as replacements.
1916.
1. The 23d Reserve Division was relieved from the sector of Auberive-St.
Souplet sector between July 15 and 20, 1916, and transferred to the
north of Peronne.
SOMME.
2. It was engaged in the battle of the Somme (north of Hem to the Monacu
Farm) until August 12–14. The 100th Reserve Grenadier Regiment lost
1,700 men there (letter). The 7th Company of the 103d Infantry Regiment
received at least 113 men as replacements between August 1 and 17.
ARTOIS.
3. After a rest in the vicinity of Douai, the division was sent south of
Lens (Angres-Souchez from the beginning of September to Oct. 20). Its
composition was modified by the substitution of the 392d Infantry
Regiment, formed by men taken from various Saxon regiments, for the 103d
Reserve Infantry Regiment.
SOMME.
4. About the middle of October it was again on the Somme (north of
Gueudecourt). It remained there for five weeks and suffered very little.
ARTOIS.
5. Relieved from the Somme on December 3 and 4 the 23d Reserve Division
remained at rest for a few days near Cambrai, and then took over the
sector east of Arras (between Roclincourt and Beaurains). The 101st
Reserve Infantry Regiment was transferred to a new Saxon Division, the
119th, and the 23d Reserve Division was reduced to three regiments.
1917.
1. The division occupied the Artois front during the winter of 1916–17.
2. It was withdrawn at the end of March to go to Belgium.
FLANDERS.
3. Sent to rest in the Bruges area for a fortnight; it then went in line
for a month north of Ypres (calm sector).
4. It was in reserve in June and then went to the front on July 10
between the railroad from Ypres to Staden and the Ypres-Roulers
Railroad. In the course of its relief (July 31) it suffered heavily from
the bombardment which preceded the British attack.
5. Retained in Flanders, it took part on September 22 in the fighting in
the Passchendaele sector and underwent the British attack of September
26, which caused it heavy losses. (The 2d Company of the 100th Reserve
Infantry Regiment was reduced to 25 men.)
RUSSIA.
6. After five days in line the 23d Reserve Division was relieved and
transferred to Russia, where it arrived on October 8.
7. It appeared in the Vilna area between October 10 and 17. In the
middle of November it was identified near Postavy, where it still was at
the end of January, 1918.
RECRUITING.
The 23d Reserve Division is purely Saxon.
VALUE—1917 ESTIMATE.
The 23d Reserve Division was not seriously engaged during the first half
of 1917, but has suffered heavily since that time.
After the losses which it suffered in July, 1917, it received mediocre
replacements (elderly men and returned convalescents.)
If one adds to that the heavy losses which it suffered at Passchendaele
in September, and in its four months’ stay on the Eastern Front, one may
rest assured that the morale and general quality of the division had
diminished in value for more than a year. (British Summary of
Information, Feb., 1918.)
1918.
ARTOIS.
1. In March the division was transferred to the Western Front. It
entrained near Dvinsk on March 16 and traveled via Vilna-Koenigsberg-
Marienburg-Schneidemuhl-Berlin-Hanover-Menden-Krefeld-Aix la Chapelle-
Hasselt-Louvain-Brussels-Courtrai-Lille, and detrained at Libercourt (16
km. south of Lille) on March 22. It left for the front on March 26.
It came into line in the Oppy sector on March 28. In the attack on this
day all three regiments of the division suffered heavy casualties. The
division continued in line in the vicinity until about June 25.
FLANDERS.
2. When relieved in the Arras sector the division marched north and
relieved the 15th Reserve Division near Calonne sur la Lys about June
27. In later August the division extended its sector to the south to
include the front southwest of Vielle Chapelle, southeast of Merville
and east of Laventie.
The division held this front through August and September. On September
30 the resting regiment of the division—the 100th Reserve Regiment—was
sent up to reenforce the Ypres front. It was engaged for two weeks in
the vicinity of Ledeghem. In October the division was engaged in the
Little area until about the 20th. It was taken out of line north of
Tournai and sent to relieve the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division on the
night of October 22–23 at Octeghem. It remained in line until a few days
before the armistice. The last identification was at Audenarde on
November 2.
VALUE—1918 ESTIMATE.
The division was rated as third class. Its record of more than eight
months’ constant service in line in fairly active sectors indicated
considerable power of resistance.
23d Landwehr Division.
COMPOSITION.
─────────────┬───────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────
│ 1917 │ 1918
─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────
│ Brigade. │ Regiment. │ Brigade. │ Regiment.
─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────
Infantry. │14 Ldw. │27 Ldw. │13 Ldw. │26 Ldw.
│ │26 Ldw. │ │27 Ldw.
│ │66 Ldw. │ │66 Ldw.
─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────┼─────────────┴─────────────
Cavalry. │ (?) │6 Sqn. 10 Hus. Rgt.
│ │43 Res. Cav. Detch.
│ │91 Ldw. Cav. Rgt.
│ │ (Schutz.).
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Artillery. │Art. Command: │
│ 103 F. A. Rgt. │
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Engineers and│(423) Pion. Btn.: │1 Landst. Co. 7 C. Dist.
Liaisons. │ │ Pions.
│ 347 Pion. Co. │264 Searchlight Section.
│ (323) T. M. Co. │283 Searchlight Section.
│ 523 Tel. Detch. │112 Searchlight Section.
│ │523 Signal Command:
│ │ 523 Tel. Detch.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Medical and │558 Ambulance Co. │558 Ambulance Co.
Veterinary.│ │
│70 Res. Field Hospital. │99 Field Hospital.
│Vet. Hospital. │70 Res. Field Hospital.
│ │106 Res. Field Hospital.
│ │523 Vet. Hospital.
─────────────┼───────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────
Transports │M. T. Col. │760 M. T. Col.
─────────────┴───────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────
HISTORY.
(4th Corps District—Prussian Saxony.)
1917.
1. The 23d Landwehr Division, formed at the end of April, 1917, in the
Argonne, was composed of the independent 13th Landwehr Brigade (26th and
27th Landwehr Regiments) and of the 66th Landwehr Regiment taken from
the 5th Landwehr Division. This latter division furnished the staff of
its infantry brigade (14th Landwehr Brigade).
2. After being assigned to the 23d Landwehr Division, the 13th Landwehr
Brigade occupied the sector of Boureuilles north of Vienne la Ville in
the Argonne. It was in the Argonne from September 1914.
RUSSIA.
3. Almost as soon as it was formed the 23d Landwehr Division was
transferred to the Eastern Front (entraining of the 26th Landwehr
Regiment on May 19). Itinerary: Carignan-Liége—Coblentz-Cassel-Halle-
Cottbus-Gnessen-Graudenz-Koenigsberg-Chavli-Poneviej. Going into line
about May 25 in the vicinity of Illukst (Courland) the division remained
in this sector until February, 1918. It was too much weakened to
contribute replacements to the division destined to operate in France,
as, for example, the 87th Division. On December 28 the 1st and 2d
Companies of the 347th Infantry Regiment each received some 75 to 80 men
from the 23d Landwehr Division.
VALUE.
The 23d Landwehr Division is composed entirely of elderly men; in May
1917, the recruit depots of the division furnished men from 40 to 46
years of age. At the end of 1917 the best elements had been taken for
use on the Western Front.
1918.
DVINSK.