THE SECOND SAILING
The next day the Prince of Orange re-entered Helvoetsluys attended by
four maimed ships, the rest having been utterly scattered and dispersed
by the fearful storm; he then, though giddy and scarce able to stand
through seasickness, proceeded, with a serene composure, to go from ship
to ship animating his discomfited followers, and refused to be put on
shore, lest it should be taken as a sign that he was discouraged in his
enterprise and intended to postpone his sailing till the spring.
For the next week the great ships of war with tattered sails and broken
masts came creeping out of the ports and creeks where they had taken
shelter to join the fleet at Helvoetsluys.
Many of the horses had been thrown overboard to save the others, and one
transport had been lost on the coast of Ireland, but there was no
further damage, and the Prince by his great constancy, enthusiasm,
spirit, and courage soon had all repaired and made fit, though he caused
it to be put in the Dutch Gazette that he was utterly confounded and his
forces so broken by the storm that he could not possibly sail before
April, and copies of these Gazettes he saw were smuggled into England,
where they were read by King James, who was mightily pleased by this
news--and said it was no wonder since the Host had been exposed a week,
and thereupon he withdrew all the concessions that the reported coming
of the Prince had frightened him into, and so showed plainly that fear
and not desire had wrung them from him; and both the relaxing and the
tightening of his rule were fatally too late for his fortunes, for men
had no longer any trust in his word or sincerity, and half the great
lords were pledged to the Prince, and the greater number thought there
could be no salvation save in his coming, so gave no heed to the actions
of the King, but watched the weather-cocks and prayed for a Protestant
wind.
Within Whitehall was a medley of priests and women, mingled with some
honest gentlemen who really were loyal to the Kingship and the House of
Stewart, and who were in no way listened to, and silent courtiers who
were pledged to William, about the stern foolish King who alternated
between weak hesitation and self-confident obstinacy.
Sunderland had kept the business of the Kingdom together, and now
Sunderland was gone everything fell into bewildering chaos; the King,
distracted between the advices of M. Barillon and the fears of Father
Petre, the tears of the Italian Queen and the sullen coldness of his
nobles, bitterly regretted Sunderland, whose intrigues he had not as yet
any glimpse of. There was a fine fleet the King might have relied on,
and the Admiral, Lord Dartmouth, was loyal enough, but the Duke of
Grafton, son of the late King, and a rude handsome rake, went down
privately to Plymouth and extorted a secret promise from most of the
Captains that they would not fight for a Catholic King against a
Protestant Prince.
The Army was gathered on Hounslow Heath with the object of overawing the
capital, and the advice of those spirited gentlemen who were truly
desirous to see the King retain his dignities was that he should put
himself at the head of it and so advance to meet the invader.
But the spirit that had inspired James when he was rowed with his flag
through the fires of Solebay had long left him; his courage had been the
mere flash of youth and noble blood; he was old now, and his soul sank
before danger; the terrors of his father's fate, the miseries of his own
exiled youth, came upon him with horrible vividness; he let disasters
crowd down upon him, and clung to his priests and his faith with the
despair of stupidity.
Meanwhile the Prince of Orange, having taken a second leave of his wife
and the States, sailed with great pomp, the sound of trumpets, the
flutter of flags, and the discharge of artillery, from Helvoet, having
been but eleven days repairing his ships, replacing his horses, and
reassembling his fleet, and having, by the serenity of his behaviour,
the unfaltering decision of his actions, the wisdom of his proposals,
snatched glory from disappointment, as was ever the way of this Prince.
The little advice packets that darted out from the coast of England to
watch his movements reported that he was making for the north, in which
direction, with a brisk gale in his sails, he indeed steered for twelve
hours; but when the night fell and the advice packets had hastened home
with news, the Prince signalled to his fleet to tack about, which it
did, and, with all the sail it could spread, put before the wind to the
westward, and under a fair sky bore for the coasts of Devon.
This ruse had its full effect, for Lord Feversham, who commanded the
English troops, was bid march northwards, and all the cattle were
ordered to be driven from the coasts of Yorkshire.
With the next dawn the Dutch van made the Channel, along which it
stretched for twenty miles in full view of England and France, the
shores of both these countries being covered with spectators who viewed
a sight such as had not been seen in these waters since the great Armada
crossed these seas, a hundred years before.
The magnificence of this procession of mighty ships, which took seven
hours to pass, going at their full speed before a strong east wind, the
strength and purpose that they symbolized, the power of the Religion,
once despised and oppressed, but that now was able to split the world
into factions, whose name showed beneath the arms of Orange, that family
which of all others had been most distinguished in the defence of
liberty, the sheer pomp of war in the great vessels with their guns,
flags, and netting, their attendant ships and companies of soldiers on
board, the prestige of the man who led this daring expedition, all
combined to thrill the hearts of those who watched, whether on the
French or English coasts, whether they uttered curses or blessings,
prayers for failure or success.
About noon, they then being in Calais roads, the Prince gave orders to
lay by, both to call a council of war and to strike terror into the two
watching nations by displaying his strength in this narrow sea.
Accordingly he himself changed to the foremost vessel, taking with him
his own standard, and there waited for the rest of the armament to come
up, which they presently did, and formed into one body, sixteen ships
square, only a league at each side, from either shore, and when they
were drawn up, the Prince, from that ship which was nearest the English
coast, signalled that the two famous forts of Calais and Dover were to
be saluted, which was done at the same moment with great thunder of the
deep-mouthed artillery, which was an astonishing spectacle that there
should be in Dover Straits a fleet so huge that it could salute these
two forts at the same time and be but a league from either. There was
something awful in the sound of this warlike courtesy, to the ears of
both nations, and some awe and terror mingled with their admiration as
the smoke obscured the green dancing waves.
From Dover Castle there was no reply, the doubt of England being
expressed in this silence; but from Calais came a proud answering salute
as from a mighty foe who honours himself by the formalities of respect
to his adversary, and the Prince standing on the upper deck amid the
slow-clearing gunpowder vapour flushed to hear again the French guns who
had last spoken to him among the heights of St. Denis, ten years ago.
At the council of war now held it was decided that the disposition of
the fleet should be changed, for news had come that the English, who lay
at the Gunfleet, were making full endeavours to overtake and fight the
Dutch, for though Lord Dartmouth knew that half his officers were
pledged to the Prince, and his men very doubtful of engaging in the
cause of the King, yet he resolved to use his utmost powers to prevent
the landing of His Highness, for he was under personal obligations to
James, who had always treated him more as a friend than a subject, and
was filled with an honourable desire to serve His Majesty in this
crisis.
The Prince, knowing this from my Lord Grafton, was eager to avoid a
conflict, for however well disposed the English sailors might be to his
religion and person, he wisely suspected that a nation so proud, and in
particular so jealous of their prestige on the sea, would, when faced in
order of battle with those people whom they had so often and so recently
fought, forget everything save the desire to achieve a victory over that
Republic which alone disputed with them the over-lordship of the ocean.
For this reason His Highness had given Admiral Herbert the command of
his armament, that the English might salve their arrogance by the
thought that an Englishman led this invading force; yet he secretly
believed that the names of Herbert and Russell would not prove so potent
a motive for peace, as the sight of the foreign flags, jacks, and
haughty ships would prove an incentive to rage in the bosoms of the
British, who could endure, it seemed, any hardship but the idea of
foreign dominion.
Therefore it was decided that the Prince and the transports with the
troops should continue to lead the van with three ships of war to guard
him, and so, sailing down the Channel, make the coast of England, in the
west, and that the bulk of the fleet should remain in the van ready to
engage the English should they leave their station and venture into the
open straits.
But this, though it was the thing he most longed to accomplish, Lord
Dartmouth found impossible, for that east wind so favourable to the
hopes of the Prince was a tyrant to him and held him helpless abreast of
the Long Sands, with his yards and topmasts down incapable of purchasing
his anchors, while he beheld some of the Dutch vessels pass within his
very sight making triumphantly for the coast he was bidden protect while
his ships rode at their station useless as a fishing fleet.
And this was in some part the fault of my Lord Dartmouth, who cursed the
wind in a passion of misery, for he had ignored the advice of His
Majesty, who was a knowing man in naval affairs, which was to anchor
east of the Gallopper, so that his ships might be free to move which way
they pleased, instead of which he acted on his own sense, which was not
equal to the King's advice; as was proved, for the scouts, who were left
at the Gallopper, captured a Dutch transport, and if they had been
greater in strength might have served the whole body of the invader the
same.
Now in full sight of the shores of these two countries, England and
France, the Dutch fleet performed their evolutions, with the pomp of
war, the discharge of artillery, the music of trumpets and drums, and
the salutes of the entire armament to the ship which carried the Prince
and his standard as she made her way to the van; and this all under a
blue sky crystal-clear that reflected in the tumbling waves lashed by
the strong high English wind a hundred tints of azure and water-green,
above which the smoke hung in light vapours.
The Prince, under full sail, made for Torbay, which was large enough to
contain a great number of the transports, but the Dutch pilot, not being
just in his reckoning, went past both that port and the next, which was
Dartmouth. The third port was Plymouth, but this being a naval station
and a well-fortified place, the Prince was by no means inclined to risk
a landing there, since he was not certain of the disposition of the
inhabitants towards him, and his great object on land, as on sea, was to
avoid a combat, since his sole argument for interfering in the affairs
of England was the wish of the English themselves and the invitation of
their principal nobles, as he had acknowledged in his Declaration, and
it would give a very ill look to this claim of his if his landing was
opposed by a bloody fight.
Yet to tack about to enter Torbay was attended by almost equal danger,
since the wind had changed, and Lord Dartmouth with his entire fleet had
left Long Sands and was now under full sail in pursuit.
The Prince, distracted by these conflicting considerations, knew not
what course to take, and was tortured by the most cruel anxiety, since
to either advance or retire might be followed by misfortunes fatal to
his whole design.
While he was still undecided as to what orders to give and which risks
to choose, the wind changed in an instant to the south, which had the
effect of bringing the Prince within a few hours into Torbay and forcing
the English Admiral back to Long Sands.
It being the 4th of November when the Prince saw the cliffs of Devon and
the great natural harbour overlooked by the tourelles and towers of
Brixham and Torquay, he was anxious to effect a landing there, because
it was both his birthday and the anniversary of his marriage, and so he
put off in a cock boat with a few of the English nobles and M. Bentinck,
and came ashore at Brixham, where there were none but fishermen to
receive him, the which stood about staring half in admiration, half in
awe, thinking maybe of Monmouth's landing not so far off nor so long
ago, and how the county had suffered for it under the executions of my
Lord Chief Justice.
The Prince called for horses, which were being landed as fast as might
be where the water was shallower; yet it was not possible to make the
landing effectual till the morrow, and but few of the transports were
able to land that night.
The Prince, who had well studied the map of England, resolved to march
to Exeter and there wait the coming of his English friends; but for this
night the wooden tent that he used in war was put up in a neighbouring
field, to the great amazement of the country-folk, who had never beheld
anything of this nature.
The friends and followers of the Prince being gathered about him to
congratulate and flatter, among them came his chaplain, Dr. Burnet,
expounding in his usual talkative excitement on the marvellous success
of the expedition.
The Prince was more than ordinarily cheerful, and spared the rebuke with
which he usually checked the meddling enthusiast.
He gave the Englishman his hand, and looking round the darkening
landscape said, with a smile--
"Well, doctor, what do you think of predestination now?"