1--English Broad Axe. 2--Compass. 3--Compass with Chalk Holder.
4--Chalk Line on Roller. 5--Compass. 6--Axe for Holes. 7--Ruler.
8--Tongue on Ruler 1-1/2 ft. 9--Dutch Ruler. 10--Tongue on Ruler for
Ship layout. 11--Swedish Cutting Axe. 12--Trimming Hatchet. 13--Hook
for removing old calking. 14--English Adz. 15--Adz. 16--Swedish or
Dutch Adz. 17--English Handsaw. 18--Handsaw with Handle. 19--Mallet.
20--Hammer. 21--Claw Hammer. 22--Circle Saw. 23--Auger. 24--Dutch
Brace Auger. 25--English Wood Chisel. 26--Wood Chisel. 27--English
Mallet. 28--Gouge. 29--Swedish Mallet. 30--Gouge. 31--Gouge.
32--Gouge. 33--Calking Mallet. 34--Calking Tool. 35--Spike Iron.
36--Calking Tool. 37--Calking Mallet. 38--English Gouge. 39--Calking
Iron. 40--Lubricating Tool, also for removing pitch. 41--Hook for
removing oakum or old calking. 42--Calking Iron. 43--Calking Iron.
44--Tool used to clean out seams. 45--Calking Iron. 46--Calking
Iron. 47--Scraper.]
[Illustration: Shipwrights Drawing, 1586
From Pepysian MSS in Magdalene College, Cambridge, England.]
[Illustration: H.M.S. _Mediator_, a Virginia Sloop of about
1741, Purchased for the Royal Navy in 1745
Drawn by H. I. Chapelle from Admiralty Records.]
[Illustration: Sloops in the York River between Yorktown and
Gloucester Point
From an original drawing, 1755.]
[Illustration: Chesapeake Bay Log Canoe under construction
From Brewington's _Chesapeake Bay Log Canoes_.]
[Illustration: A Virginia Pilot Boat with a view of Cape Henry
From _Naval Chronicle_, 1815.]
[Illustration: American Schooner off Coast of Virginia, 1794
From a watercolor by G. Tobin in the National Maritime Museum,
London.]
[Illustration: British Schooner
From a painting of Curacao, 1785.]
[Illustration: Seventeenth-Century Shipyard in England
From the Science Museum, South Kensington, London.]
[Illustration: Careening Ships in England, 1675
From the Science Museum, South Kensington, London.]
[Illustration: English Ketch, about 1700
From R. C. Anderson's _Sailing Ships_.]
[Illustration: Brigantine, about 1720
From Williams' _Sailing Vessels of the Eighteenth Century_.]
[Illustration: Brig
From Williams' _Sailing Vessels of the Eighteenth Century_.]
[Illustration: Snow
From Williams' _Sailing Vessels of the Eighteenth Century_.]
[Illustration: Small Galley-built Vessel, Ship-rigged, 1714
From the Archives in the Custom House, London.]
[Illustration: SS _United States_, Built at the Newport News
Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. Latest shipbuilding in Virginia,
to compare with Seventeenth-Century Craft
Photograph by W. T. Radcliffe.]