in like manner.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent.,
currency of the island, imposed on similar terms.
BARBADOES.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be remitted
to the author.
BERMUDA.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 15 per cent. on the value of
such reprints, imposed on the like conditions, a deduction of 5
per cent. on the amount to be made, for the remuneration of the
officers collecting the duty.
BAHAMAS.—A duty of 20 per cent. on the value of the publisher’s
wholesale price; nine-tenths of the amount collected to be paid
to the proprietors of the Copyright on their application to the
Governor.
NEWFOUNDLAND.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be paid
over to the author.
ST. CHRISTOPHER.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be
remitted in like manner.
ANTIGUA.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 25 per cent. to be applied in
like manner, 5 per cent. to be deducted for remuneration of the
treasurer collecting the duty.
ST. LUCIA.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be applied
in like manner, without deduction.
CANADA.—An _ad valorem_ duty not exceeding 20 per cent.
imposed, to be applied in like manner.
BRITISH GUIANA.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent., after
deducting 5 per cent., to be remitted to the author.
ST. VINCENT.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be applied
in similar manner.
MAURITIUS.—A poundage of 20 per cent. to be paid, to be
deposited in the Colonial Treasury, there to be kept at the
disposal of the British authors of such works.
GRENADA.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be remitted
for the benefit of the author.
JAMAICA.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 15 per cent. An _ad valorem_
duty of 20 per cent.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be
applied in similar manner.
NEVIS.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 15 per cent. to be applied to
the benefit of the author, after deducting 5 per cent. for the
remuneration of the treasurer collecting the duty.
NATAL.—An _ad valorem_ duty of 20 per cent. to be remitted to
the registered proprietor of the Copyright.
EXAMINATIONS BY CUSTOMS’ OFFICERS.
The officers of Customs are compelled to discharge various duties beyond
those connected with the collection and protection of the Revenue. Among
others they have to take care that foreign goods, on their importation,
do not bear the mark or brand of any British maker, or such marks or
brands as would be likely to give them a British character. All goods so
marked and branded are, by 16 and 17 Vict., cap. 107, sec. 44, prohibited
to be imported into this country. Cases are constantly occurring where
such goods have to be dealt with by the Customs’ authorities. In some
instances the goods are confiscated, in others the brands or labels are
ordered to be removed, upon which the goods are delivered to the owner,
either with or without fine; and in other cases they are ordered to be
returned to the port whence they were imported. But why should this duty
devolve upon the Customs’ officers? It is an extremely disagreeable one,
involving much trouble to the department and vexation to importers. If
a manufacturer or dealer in this country infringes the right of another
by using his mark or brand, he has his remedy in a court of justice;
but he has no right to enter a factory or warehouse, to open packages
and make an indiscriminate search, with or without grounds of suspicion
that his brands have been placed on the contents of the packages. Yet,
practically, this is really the case with regard to the Customs’ right
of search for prohibited marks and brands. Why not let the goods pass
without reference to brands or marks? Leave the owner of the marks to his
remedy in law; and the vendor of the goods bearing such forged or false
brands to the risk and penalty which he thus incurs. In this case the
fraudulent dealer only will be the sufferer, while the innocent will be
saved the vexation of having his goods pulled about at the Custom-house;
and the Customs department will be relieved of an extremely disagreeable
and troublesome duty. As to the brand, not those of any particular maker,
but in their general character purporting the goods to be of British
manufacture, but very little harm can result to any particular interest
from the use of such marks. It will take something more substantial than
such mere fictions to ruin the trade of the country; but if better goods,
even if they be of foreign origin, can be obtained at the same prices as
those paid for British, then so much the better for the consumer. Would
it not be well, also, to relieve the Customs officers of the duty of
searching for pirated works under the Copyright Act? Why not deal with
the vendors here of such works, if reprinted abroad, in like manner as if
reprinted here?
THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BOOK TRADE.
The following figures, extracted from a recent Parliamentary Return,
while they show a highly satisfactory ratio of increase, will probably
convince the commercial reader that the International Book Trade of
Christendom is yet in its infancy, and, perhaps, that the swaddling-bands
and close confinement of monopoly should be exchanged for a freer and
more natural system of nursing and protection:—
BOOKS PRINTED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, EXPORTED THEREFROM.
---------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------
COUNTRIES | QUANTITIES. | DECLARED VALUE.
to which Exported. +-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
| 1828. | 1848. | 1868. | 1828. | 1848. | 1868.
---------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
| Cwts. | Cwts. | Cwts. | £ | £ | £
Foreign Countries:— | | | | | |
United States | 605 | 3,158 | 18,379 | 14,612 | 47,955 | 184670
Other Foreign | | | | | |
Countries | 1,449 | 2,003 | 10,540 | 33,319 | 30,678 | 181350
---------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
Total | 2,054 | 5,161 | 28,919 | 47,931 | 78,633 | 366020
+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
British Possessions:—| | | | | |
Australia | 148 | 1,968 | 18,583 | 3,933 | 27,249 | 148413
British North America| 364 | 1,131 | 6,919 | 8,178 | 15,156 | 64139
Other British | | | | | |
Possessions | 1,552 | 4,026 | 6,987 | 41,072 | 71,114 | 105671
+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
Total | 2,064 | 7,125 | 32,489 | 53,183 | 113519 | 318223
+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
Aggregate of Foreign | | | | | |
Countries and | | | | | |
British | | | | | |
Possessions | 4,118 | 12,286 | 61,408 | 101114 | 192152 | 684243
---------------------+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------
QUANTITIES and VALUE, with the Weights and Moneys rendered into English
Equivalents, of Printed Books Imported into and Exported from the United
Kingdom and Foreign Countries in the latest Year for which Returns have
been received and the Tenth Year previous thereto:—
--------------------------+-------------------+---------------------
COUNTRIES. | Imported (for | Exported
| Home Consumption).| (Domestic Produce).
+---------+---------+---------+-----------
| Cwts. | £ | Cwts. | £
--------------------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
United Kingdom[12] { 1858 | 5,971 | 83,598 | 12,286 | 192,152
{ 1868 | 10,695 | 137,580 | 61,480 | 684,243
| | | |
Russia[13] { 1857 | Not | 100,718 | Not | Not stated
{ 1867 | stated | 73,588 | stated | 18,813
| | | |
Sweden[13] { 1856 | Not | 6,938 | Not | 1,697
{ 1866 | stated | 8,780 | stated | 3,569
| | | |
Zollverein { 1856 | 21,098 | Not | 38,275 | Not
{ 1866 | 31,485 | stated | 67,376 | stated
| | | |
Holland { 1857 | 4,349 | 46,126 | 2,437 | 38,363
{ 1867 | 7,228 | 76,659 | 3,555 | 37,714
| | | |
Belgium { 1856 | 5,612 | 69,750 | 4,063 | 52,228
{ 1866 | Not | 97,040 | Not | 48,760
| stated | | stated |
| | | |
France { 1857 | 5,438 | 95,224 | 38,542 | 510,352
{ 1867 | 11,942 | 201,280 | 40,887 | 522,374
| | | |
Spain[13] { 1854 | Not stated | 2,060 | 19,383
{ 1864 | 1,924 | 8,323 | 674 | 8,929
| | | |
Italy 1865 | 6,108 | 56,464 | 1,678 | 15,375
| | | |
United States { 1857 | Not | 181,980 | Not | 57,843
{ 1867 | stated | 246,539 | stated | 71,386
--------------------------+---------+---------+---------+-----------
[12] Part Re-Exported.
[13] For these Countries the Total Imports and Exports are stated.
The total weight of the Book Trade of Christendom appears to be less
than 200,000 cwts., which, taken at 1 lb. per volume, makes only about
20,000,000 of volumes, about a fourth part of which is sent from this
country to the North American and Australian “Markets.”
The _Beehive_, of 31st July, has an article on the meeting referred to in
the Prefatory Note. The following is an extract, to which three notes are
respectfully subjoined:—
... But to abolish all protection to original inventions would
be, as Mr. Paterson justly contended, to hand over all the
profits arising from such inventions to the capitalist.[14]
This speaker would make the granting of Patents free from
charge, and lay a tax on the profits of the contrivance
patented. Mr. Macfie, the Member for Leith, made a decided hit
when he pointed to the absence of royalties abroad, while at
home they lie upon us with a crushing weight; and, if we cannot
find ease without following the example of Switzerland in
abolishing Patent-Laws, and of Holland and Germany by declaring
against them, there will be no help for it.
But when Mr. Macfie “denies that the inventor has any exclusive
right to his invention,” he makes an assertion that it is in
the power of any inventor practically to disprove. Say that
A has found out an invention of value, or, which is the same
thing for the purpose of argument, thinks he has; he meets
with the Member for Leith, who says, “Come, my fine fellow,
out with that invention of yours, for the general good; you
have no exclusive right to it.” What would A be likely to say
in reply? “Haven’t I? Let me choose to keep it to myself, and
who can hinder me?” While, however, it is perfect nonsense
to deny a man’s right to the ideas of his own mind,[15] the
practical question is another thing; and it behoves us all to
remember that we are members of one society, and that a society
called at least Christian. Nevertheless, if A is to make his
contribution to the general good, all the rest of the alphabet
are bound to reciprocate his liberality.[16]...
[14] For capitalist, if there were no Patents, why not say _consumer_?
[15] It is _exclusive_ right, not at all his personal right, to use, and
right to conceal, if he has the will and power, that is denied.
[16] These concluding sound reflections are eminently suggestive.
INDEX.
Abuse of Patents, 39, 46, 47
Agricultural Interest Concerned, 51
ARMSTRONG, Sir W., C.B.
See also “Quotations”, 237
_Austria_, 47, 51
Authors’ Motives, 298
Stamp, 297
Interest, 293
Bad working of our Patent System in Prussian Eyes, 189
_Baden_, 192
_Bavaria_, 331
“Beehive”, 332
_Belgium_, 66, 124, 193, 198, 201, 209, 213, 278, 331
BENARD, M., 124, 150, 175
BERGMANN, VAN ZINNICQ, 196, 223
BISMARCK, Count VON, his Message on Patents, 185
_Brunswick_, 192
Buying up Patents, 27, 39, 41, 43, 112, 139
_Canada_, Copyright in, 307, 309
_Canadian_ Parliament, Correspondence on Copyright, 316
Patent-Law, 290, 297
Capitalists, 26, 43, 73, 206, 240, 257
CHEVALIER, M., 164
CASES AND ILLUSTRATIONS:—
Alpaca, 38
Aluminium, 37
Aniline, 169, 177
Bicycles, 203
_Bleu Francais_, 171
Boot-heels, 37
Bullets, 266
Buttons, 38
Candles, 27
Capsules, 34
Carding Machines, 138
Colour, 66
“Cock-spurs”, 41
Cooking, 46
Copper, 284
Ether-spray, 268
Filters, 29
Fireplaces, 283
Flour, 51, 52, 100
Food, 19
Fuel, 283
Fulling, 20
Gas, 106, 234
Gloves, 38
Gun-cotton, 47
Guns, 206
Heating, 283
Iron-trade, 34, 50, 166, 171, 256, 284, 285
Lamps, 273
Linen-trade, 54
Machinery, 31, 54
Manures, 233
Medical, &c., 19, 268
Peat, 234
Pencils, 173
Photography, 169, 218
Pyrites, 235
Quinine, 177
Railways, 283
Railway Pins, 268
Safety, 19, 40
Screw Propeller, 45, 97, 256, 275
Sewing Machines, 32, 41, 283
Shale Oils, &c., 99, 253
Shipbuilding and Equipping, 43, 44, 46, 78, 79
Shirt-frills, 37
Shot, 44
Spine-bags, 269
Spinning, 283
Steam Boilers and Engines, 19, 28, 97, 102, 169, 255, 261, 283
Sugar, 19, 53, 54, 65
Sulphuric Acid, 255
Telegraphs, 36, 38, 97, 136, 274, 283
Umbrellas, 38
Ventilating, 283
Weaving, 145
Civilisation Impugned, 75
Classification of Patents, 19, 87, 97, 283
Cobden Club Prize Essay, 305
_Colonies_, 19, 48, 64, 297, 326
_Colonies of France_, 325
Combination Inventions, 29, 101, 103
Commerce, Chamber of, _Cologne_, 272, 279
_Glasgow_, 116
_Holland_, 203
_Liverpool_, 22, 213, 231, 249, 278
_Manchester_, 24
_Prussia_, 185, 215, 278
_United Kingdom_, 277
Commercial Societies opposed to Patents, 185, 203, 204
Commission, Royal, 22, 24, 28, 34, 42, 51, 59, 66, 104, 109, 114,
189, 211, 212, 228, 231, 235, 246, 249, 252, 258, 267
Committee of 1829, 20, 22, 23, 24
1851, 22, 38, 211
Community has Claims on Inventors, 14, 119
Competition, its Place and Power, 156, 162, 276
Conditions in Early Patents, 15
Consumers get Benefit of Inventions, 71, 289
_Continental_ Patent Systems, 90
Copyright Amendment Tendencies, 320
Bill for Fine Arts, 320
Compared with Patent-right, 10, 95, 110, 117, 200, 206, 208, 210,
221, 228, 238, 241, 243, 254, 255, 264
International, 293, 305
“Verein,” a, 297
Cost of Patents, 24, 25, 38, 40, 62, 189
Crown Not Liable to Pay for Patents, 104
Custom-house Officers, What they have to Do, 141, 321
Danger of Losing Pre-eminence in Manufactures, 91, 245
Debate in Parliament, 9, 201, 208, 231, 251
DE BRUYN KOPS, 202, 223
Decorations Suggested, 86
Development a Feature of the Patent System, 16, 18
Disrepute, Patenting falling into, 83, 168
Dormant Patents, 44
Doubts as to Benefit of Patent System, 44, 57, 109
Duties on Books, 309, 310, 318, 326
“Economist, The”, 254
Economists of _Germany_, 66, 215, 278
_Europe_, Feeling against Patents in, 211
_European_ Copyright, Americans obtain through Canada, 307
Examination before Granting Patents, 187, 189, 252, 259, 266, 269, 270
Exceptional Rewards for Great Inventions, 94, 114
Excise, Proposal to Employ, on behalf of Authors, 318, 319, 326
Exclusive Property, None should be in Inventions, 129
Exorbitant Demands of Patentees, 27, 31, 32, 41, 46, 50, 51, 53, 166
Expatriation of Frenchmen by Patents, 179
Expediency the only Ground for Patents, 232, 238, 271
Expired Patent, An, 31
“_Exploitation_” required in France, 133
“_Expropriation_”, 81, 142
Extravagance of Patents as a Recompense, 78, 265
Favours, Patents are, 10, 224
FOCK, Minister of the Interior in the Netherlands, 219, 224
Foreigners, How Favoured, 90, 275, 308
Number of Patents in United Kingdom, 68
_France_, 66, 193, 197, 199, 200, 211, 227, 325, 332
Copyright Convention with, 325
Free Trade, 47, 48, 73, 81, 164, 228, 232, 245
Frivolous and Petty Inventions, 26, 30, 33, 37, 44, 96, 101, 206,
253, 260, 266, 270, 284
GEFKEN, 224
_Germany_, 185, 192, 193, 214, 220, 230, 274, 275, 279, 332
Economists of, 66, 249
GODEFROI, 207, 223
Guilds, 197, 203
HEEMSKERK AZN, 198, 220, 224
_Hesse_, 192
Honours for Inventors, 86
HOUTEN, VAN, 204
Improper Patents, 38, 55, 268, 284
Improvements, Minor, 36, 37, 170
Retarded by Patents, 39, 58, 114, 272, 281
Inconvenience Caused by Patents, 20, 26, 46, 48, 104
_India_, 48
Infringements, 34, 112, 272
Unconscious, 29, 44, 103, 204, 261
Injury done to Patentees by Patents, 29, 121, 255, 260, 273
International Arrangements, 86, 293, 296, 305
Invalid Patents, 32, 39, 235, 237
Inventions Independent of Patents, 119, 136
Inventor, The “First and True”, 16
Inventors’ Institute, 287
Who are They?, 248, 288
_Ireland_, 15, 19, 53, 295, 324
_Italy_, 324, 332
JOHNSTON, ANDREW, Esq., M.P., 239
Judges and Jury in Patent Trials, 107
Law of Patents in America, 282
Copyright, 298, 310, 313
Patents, How Administered, 12, 33, 107, 109
Patents in _France_, 175, 216
Patents in _Holland_, 202, 215
Officers of the Crown, 105, 266
Lawyers, Many Opposed to Patents, 93
LENTING, 225
Library of Patent-office, 289
Licences, 13, 38
Compulsory, 42, 246, 262
High Charges for, 48, 50, 51
Refusal of, 40, 41, 53, 103
Litigation, Costly, 34, 43, 100, 111, 260
Dilatory, 33, 105, 253
Occasioned or Required by Patents, 30, 32, 34, 52, 105, 121, 180,
201, 234, 237, 253, 285
Loss of Inventions by Abolition Improbable, 107, 119
Losses by Patents, 42, 43
MACFIE, Speech of Mr., 9, 213, 251
Manufacture, What is Meant by?, 16, 59, 282
Manufacturers dislike Patents, 9, 30, 248, 251, 262
Injustice Done to, 71, 238
Medals Proposed, 85
Merits, Certificates of, 85
Meritorious and Unmeritorious Patents, 97
MILL, J. S., his Arguments for Patents, 69
Appealed to, 75
Monopoly, Antipathy to, 11, 16, 21, 26
Injurious, 28, 36
Restrictions on, Necessary, 15
the Essence of a Patent, 10, 219, 232, 244, 272
Multiplication of Patents, 25, 37, 44, 45, 203
Musical Copyright, 315
MUSPRATT, E. K., Esq., 231
Nature, Order of, opposed to Monopoly of Ideas, 9, 76
Neglect of Patents by Patentees, 54
_Netherlands_, 50, 196, 200, 225, 236, 280, 332
New Books seldom Seen by Poor, 294
Number of Patents, 18, 19, 97, 283
in other Countries, 50, 192
Obstructiveness of Patents, 27, 36, 44, 59, 102, 112, 122, 163, 171,
203, 206, 226, 227, 237, 253, 255, 257, 270, 281
Occupation, Right of First, 207
Operatives as Witnesses, 92
Injured by Patents, 63, 239, 247, 286
Seldom get New Books, 294
Origin of the Patent System in England, 11
PALMER, Sir ROUNDELL, M.P., 93
Parliament, 11, 21, 236
Patent Act of 1852, 25, 48
Laws cannot be much Improved, 67, 91, 187, 205, 217, 246, 252, 263,
333
Office, 289
System, Demands of, on Manufacturers, 76, 226
Patentees, Limit in Number of, 16
Who should be, 13
Patenting for Self-Protection, 28, 33, 165
Patents a Bad Stimulus, 62, 78, 120
an Anachronism, 123, 171, 255
are a Power to Restrain Others, 10, 111, 186
do more Harm than Good, 115, 273
Overtask Inventors’ Time and Powers, 79
Uncertain as a Lottery, 23, 42, 111, 260, 273
Used as Advertisements, 38
Perpetuity of Property in Patents, 133, 281
Poor Inventors, 42, 58, 62, 111, 237, 257, 262, 267
Prejudices in Favour of Patents, 254
Prices, Patents should not Raise, 21
Raised by Patents, 48, 54, 55, 178, 272
Principles, Patenting of, 274
Priority of Patenting, 113, 118
Processes are now Patented, 13, 14, 19
Profits of Patentees, 30, 34, 37, 52, 61
Go to Parties who have Little Claim, 35, 42, 52, 55, 61, 112, 191
Property, Exclusive Privileges are, 10
in Ideas, Knowledge, Modes, or Inventions, 9, 15, 95, 111, 116,
124, 167, 205, 242, 243, 254, 269, 324
in Land compared with that in Inventions, 132, 281
_Prussia_, 49, 50, 166, 171, 185, 192, 193, 201
QUOTATIONS FROM, OR REFERENCES TO:—
Abel, 33, 46, 68
Admiralty, 44, 60, 104
_Annalen de Norddeutschen Bundes_, 279
Armstrong, Sir W., 27, 28, 31, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 57, 82, 90,
103, 257, 258, 262
_Athenæum_, 309, 310
_Avenir Commercial_, 175
_Bacon’s Abridgment_, 17
Bastiat, 161, 276, 277
Barthel, _die Patent-frage_, 279
Bell, 238
Betts, 34
_Bismarck, Count von_, 185, 219
Blaine, Roberton D., 324
Boudron, Aug., 28
_Bookseller_, 307, 309
Bovill, 51
_Brande’s Dictionary_, 13
Brewster, Sir David, 69
Bright, Right Hon. John, 249
British Association, 65
Brunel, I. K., 36, 39, 43, 58, 212
Brunel, Sir M. I., 23, 42
Buller, Justice, 18
Bulwer’s Act, 298
Bunsen, 274
CAIRNS, Lord, 67, 249, 319
CAMPBELL, Lord, 64, 213
CARDWELL, Right Hon. E., 65
_Carpmael_, 38
_Chambers’s Cyclopædia_, 34
Chelmsford, Lord, 41
Chevalier, M., 73, 80, 164, 198, 210, 211, 220, 221, 249, 278
Clode, 46, 47
Cobden, Richard, M.P., 63, 249
Coke, Sir E., 16, 20, 21
Collier, Sir R., 251, 254, 266
Conté, 173
Continental Association for Social Sciences, 81
Cook and Wheatstone, 36
Coryton’s _Law of Letters-Patent_, 17, 18, 24
Crane, Sir F., 83
Crossley, Sir F., M.P., 38, 70
Crown Lawyers, 63
Cubitt, Sir W., M.P., 29, 57, 212
Curtis, 24, 28, 32, 282
Daguerre, 169, 209, 218
Daly, Michael, Esq., 326
Douglas, Sir Howard, 45
_Economist_, 251, 255
Economists of Germany, 64, 215
Edmunds, L., Esq., 68
_Engineer_, 50, 269, 282, 285
Erle, Sir W., 67
Eyre, C. J., 18
Fairbairn, W., 67
Fairrie, John, 56
Farey, 20, 39
Flachat, E., 277
Forster, Right Hon. W. E., 67
Foxwell, 32
Franklin, 172
French Academy of Sciences, 143, 177, 209
Fulton, 143, 238
Garnier, Joseph, 221
Government Establishments, 43, 104, 258
Graham, Sir James, 64
Granville, Earl, 63, 212
Grey, Earl, 65
Griffith, 45
Grotius, 15
Grove, Q.C., 31, 33, 35, 37, 43, 57, 67, 98, 274, 284
Guimet, 171, 182
Hale, W. S., 27
Hall, 43
Hatherley, Lord, 25, 67
_Harmonies Economiques_, 163, 276
Harrowby, Earl of, 64
Hawkins, Serjeant, 16
Heath, Justice, 17
Hills, F. C., 234
Hindmarch, _The Law of Patents_, 14, 17, 282
Hofmann, 177
Holden, 139
Howard, Hon., 53
Howard, M.P., 251, 254
Indian Trade, 47
Ingres, 174
Jamar, Minister of Works in Belgium, 209, 211
_Journal des Economistes_, 124, 281
_Journal of Jurisprudence_, 25, 67
Judges, 63, 212
Klostermann, Dr., 201, 221, 279
Krupp, 171, 206
Lamartine, 200
Lawes, 233
Lefroy, General, 46
Legrand, 65, 277
Le Hardy de Beaulieu, 124, 277, 281
Lennard, M.P., 23
Macfie, M.P., 258, 278
Master of the Rolls, 1851, 63
Maurice, 256
Maury, Lieut., 161
M’Culloch, 69
_Mechanics’ Magazine_, 297, 299
Mill, J. S., 69, 78, 80, 256
Morse, 274
Mundella, M.P., 251, 262, 267
Napoleon, 304
Neilson, 284
Newton, 32, 38, 41, 265
Niepce de St. Victor, 169, 209
Overstone, Lord, 67
Paillottet, 277
_Pall Mall Gazette_, 231
Palmer, Sir R., M.P., 93, 232, 251, 255, 259, 263, 265
Passy, 169
Peel, Sir R., M.P., 23
Percy, Dr., 284
Perkins, 177
Platt, M.P., 29, 30, 33, 40, 57, 103, 258
_Prècis d’Economie Politique_, 153
Purday, Esq., 312, 313
Ransomes, 29
Reeve, Registrar of Privy Council, 51
Reid, Colonel, 56, 212
Reissel, 275
Rendal, J. M., 26, 47
Renouard, 301
Reybaud, L., 138
Ricardo, M.P., 65, 212, 249
Roberts, Richard, 38, 39, 55
Robinson, Admiral, 45
Roche, M.P., 65
Russell, J. Scott, 28, 30, 34, 103, 258, 262
_Saturday Review_, 263
Savornel Lohman, 200
Sciences Sociales, Association des, 81
Simon, of Privy Council, 269
Smith, Adam, 69
Smith, Archibald, 65
Smith, M., Q.C., M.P., 28
_Social Science Association Proceedings_, 14, 32, 42, 243
Société d’Economie Politique, 164, 202
Somerset, Duke of, 44
_Sophismes Economiques_, 155
_Spectator_, 259
Spence, James, 27, 43, 58
Stanley, Lord, M.P., 67, 208, 218, 249, 251, 255, 259
_Stephens’ Commentaries_, 10
Stephenson, 238
Talfourd, Serjeant, 298
Tilliere, 81
Trades Union, 78
_Traité des Droits d’Auteurs_, 297
Tyndal, Chief Justice, 17
Vermeire, 276, 277, 279
Visvering, Professor, 200
Waddington, H., 67
Walkoff, 153, 154
War Office, 46, 60, 104
Watt, 171
Webster, Thomas, Q.C., 26, 31, 35, 36
West India Association, 48
Whittle, Lowry, 54
Wintgens, 219, 222, 224
Wolowski, Professor, 82, 221
Woodcroft, 15, 32, 37, 56, 87
Young, 101
Recompense, Futility of Inventors’ Claim for, 131
Registration of Improvements, 86, 270
Remedies Suggested, 37, 72
RENOUARD, 294, 301
Repealing of Patents, Rare, 35
Results of Bad Law, 175
Rewards, State, 71, 80, 84, 94, 114, 171, 238, 247, 274, 288, 333
_Rhine_ Countries, 230
Rights of Inventors a Modernism, 16
of the Community, 142, 206
ROGERS, Professor THOROLD, viii
Royalties under Patents are a Differential Duty, 51
are a Tax, 49, 74, 102
for Remunerating Authors, 293, 298, 315
Heavy to Patentees, 50, 274, 285
to Authors, see “Copyright”
Ruin of a Firm by Refusal of Patent Licences, 53
“Saturday Review”, 263
_Saxony_, 50
Scheme for International Patents, 250
for Modifying Patent System, 248
for Royalties to Authors, 296
Science, Men of, 36, 58, 64, 98, 168, 170, 176, 228
_Scotland_, 19, 82, 99, 283
Secrecy and Concealment, 40, 47, 56, 88, 114, 158, 194
Sentimentalism, 18, 123
Simultaneousness of Inventions, 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 54, 95, 113, 204,
209, 253, 261, 265
Smuggling of Books into _Canada_, 309
“Spectator”, 259
Speculation in Patents, 53, 112, 260, 275
STANLEY, Lord, M.P., 67, 109, 208
State is not Bound to Grant Patents, 10
its Duty, 76
makes Preposterous Concessions in Patents, 74, 78, 141
Statute of Monopolies Quoted, 11, 20, 21, 22, 47, 59, 60, 88, 282
Steps in Invention, 136, 147, 169, 253, 258