Federal Encampment at Blackburn's Ford on Bull Run, July 4, 1862. When
McClellan went to the Peninsula in March of 1862 he had expected all of
McDowell's Corps to be sent him as reënforcement before he made the final
advance on Richmond. But the brilliant exploits of Jackson in the
Shenandoah required the retention of all the troops in the vicinity of
Washington. A new army, in fact, was created to make the campaign which
Lincoln had originally wanted McClellan to carry out. The command was
given to General John Pope, whose capture of Island No. 10 in the
Mississippi had brought him into national importance. The corps of Banks,
Frémont, and McDowell were consolidated to form this new army, called the
"Army of Virginia." General Frémont refused to serve under his junior, and
his force was given to Franz Sigel, who had won fame in 1861 in Missouri.
This picture was taken about two weeks after the reorganization was
completed. The soldiers are those of McDowell's Corps. They are on the old
battlefield of Bull Run, enjoying the leisure of camp life, for no
definite plans for the campaign have yet been formed.
[Illustration: WHERE JACKSON STRUCK]
Cedar Mountain, Viewed from Pope's Headquarters. On the side of this
mountain Jackson established the right of his battle line, when he
discovered at noon of August 9th that he was in contact with a large part
of Pope's army. He had started from Gordonsville, Pope's objective, to
seize Culpeper Court House, but the combat took place in the valley here
pictured, some five miles southwest of Culpeper, and by nightfall the
fields and slopes were strewn with more than three thousand dead and
wounded.
[Illustration: IN THE LINE OF FIRE