M1 Further violence.—Attack on the Holy Father.—Murder of Monsignore
Palma.
1 In 1855 the Bonaparte family were without a name in that Europe
where they had possessed so many thrones. One man had compassion on
them, and acted generously, Pius VIII. welcomed them to his States.
A member of this family, Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon’s brother,
having always shown great faithfulness to the Holy See, Pius VIII.
conferred upon him the title of a Roman Prince and the principality
of Canino. Lucien’s son has not been gifted to walk in the footsteps
of his honorable father. Balleydier, in his history of the Roman
revolution, thus portrays him: “Versed in dissimulation, Charles
Bonaparte had, under the preceding Pontificate, acted two very
opposite characters. In the morning attending in the ante-chambers
of the Cardinals, in the evening at the Conciliabula of the secret
Societies, he labored to secure, by a double game, the chances of
the present and the probabilities of the future. He had often been
seen going piously to the Vatican even, to lay at the feet of
Gregory XVI. homage which his heart belied.” No doubt, in 1847 and
1848, he thought himself an abler man than his father, as he
marched, poignard in hand, at the head of the malcontents of Rome.
M2 The Pope abandoned by his people. The Pope protests against the
Socialist ministry and its acts.
M3 Unsettled state of the European nations.
M4 Pius IX. retires to Gaeta.
M5 Treacherous conduct of sworn servants of the Papacy.
M6 Sentiments and declarations of the Revolutionists.
M7 What the world thought of the proceedings at Rome.
M8 The Catholic Powers resolve to reinstate the Pope.
M9 Dutiful conduct of Ferdinand of Naples, towards the exiled Pope.
M10 Action of the Powers delayed. Prince Louis Napoleon repudiates the
conduct of the Prince of Canino.—Declares for the temporal
sovereignty.
M11 Several Powers undertake to restore the Pope. France sends an army
to Rome. Treachery of the Roman populace. Determination to besiege
Rome. The siege delayed by diplomatic manœuvres.
M12 Excesses of the Revolutionists.
M13 The King of Naples and the Spaniards offer to assist the French.
M14 Rome surrenders to the French.
M15 Colonel Niel despatched to Gaeta with the keys of the city.
M16 Letter of Pius IX. to General Oudinot.
M17 General Oudinot repairs to Gaeta and invites the Pope to return to
his Capital.
M18 The French Republic tries to coerce the Pope.—Letter to Colonel
Edgar Ney.
M19 Address of Montalembert to the National Assembly of France.
M20 The Municipality of Rome invites the Pope to return.
M21 The Pope returns to Rome.
M22 State of religion in countries affected by the Photian schism and
the Mahometan imposture.