[150] See Leges XII. tab. illustratæ a J. N. Funccio, p. 72. Gellius,
xx. 1.
[151] Scheffer de Re Vehiculari, Spanhem. de Præstant. Numismatum.
Amst. 1671, 4to, p. 613. Propertius, iv. 8. 23, mentions _serica
carpenta_.
[152] In my opinion the height here alluded to is to be understood as
that of the body, rather than that of the wheels, as some think.
[153] Codex Theodos. lib. xiv. tit. 12. and Cod. Justin. lib. xi. tit.
19.
[154] Lersner, Chronica der Stadt Frankfurt, i. p. 23.
[155] Sacrarum Cæremoniarum Romanæ Ecclesiæ Libri tres, auctore J.
Catalano. Romæ, 1750, 2 vols. fol. i. p. 131.
[156] See Cæremoniæ Episcoporum, lib. i. c. 11.
[157] Ludewig’s Erläuter. der Güldenen Bulle. Franc. 1719, vol. i. p.
569.
[158] Ludolf, Electa Juris Publici, v. p. 417.
[159] Ludolf, _l. c._
[160] Sattler, Historische Beschreibung des Herzogthums Würtemberg.
[161] Suite des Mémoires pour servir à l’Hist. de Brandenburg, p. 63,
where the royal author adds, “The common use of carriages is not older
than the time of John Sigismund.”
[162] Annal. Ferdin. V. p. 2199; and vii. p. 375.
[163] In Suite des Mém. pour serv. à l’Hist. de Brandenburg, p. 63, it
is remarked that they were coarse coaches, composed of four boards put
together in a clumsy manner.
[164] Rink, Leben K. Leopold, p. 607.
[165] Lünig’s Theatr. Cer. i. p. 289.
[166] Ludolf, v. p. 416. Von Moser’s Hofrecht, ii. p. 337.
[167] Lunig. Corp. Jur. Feud. Germ. ii. p. 1447.
[168] An attempt was made also to prevent the use of coaches by a law
in Hungary in 1523.
[169] Histoire des Antiquités de Paris, par Sauval, i. p. 187.
[170] Sauval; also Mezeray, Abregé Chron. de l’Histoire de France.
Amsterdam, 1696, iii. p. 167.
[171] This ordinance is to be found also in Traité de la Police, par De
la Mare, i. p. 418.
[172] Valesiana. Paris, 1695, 12mo, p. 35.
[173] Variétés Historiques, p. 96.
[174] Sauval says, “I shall here remark, that this was the first time
coaches were used for that ceremony (the entrance of ambassadors), and
that it was only at this period they were invented, and began to be
used.”
[175] L’Art du Menuisier-carossier, p. 457, planche 171.
[176] Stow’s Survey of London, 1633, fol. p. 70.
[177] Anderson’s Hist. of Commerce, iv. p. 180.
[178] Arnot’s Hist. of Edinburgh, p. 596.
[179] Twiss’s Travels through Spain and Portugal.
[180] Dalin, Geschichte des Reichs Schweden, iii. 1, p. 390 and 402.
[181] Bacmeister, Essai sur la Bibliothèque de l’Académie de S.
Pétersburg, 1776, 8vo, p. 38.
[182] Joh. Ihre, Glossarium Sueogothic. i. col. 1178. _Kusk_, a
coachman. It seems properly to denote the carriage itself. Gall.
_cocher_. Hisp. id. Ital. _cocchio_. Ang. _coach_. Hung. _cotczy_.
Belg. _goetse_. Germ. _kutsche_. The person who drives such carriages
is by the English called _coachman_, which in other languages is made
shorter, as the French say _cocher_, and the Germans _kusk_. It is
difficult, however, to determine whence it is derived, as we do not
know by whom these close carriages were invented. Menage makes it
Latin, and by a far-fetched derivation from _vehiculum_; Junius derives
it somewhat shorter from ὀχέω to carry. Wachter thinks it comes from
the German word _kutten_, to cover; and Lye from the Belgic _koetsen_,
to lie along, as it properly signifies a couch or chair.
[183] Ungrisches Magaz. Pressburg, 1781, vol. i. p. 15.
[184] Stephanus Broderithus says, speaking of the year 1526, “When the
archbishop received certain intelligence that the Turks had entered
Hungary, not contented with informing the king by letter of this event,
he speedily got into one of those light carriages, which, from the
name of the place, we call _Kotcze_, and hastened to his majesty.”
Siegmund baron Herberstein, ambassador from Louis II. to the king
of Hungary, says, in Commentario de Rebus Moscoviticis, Basil 1571,
fol. p. 145, where he occasionally mentions some stages in Hungary,
“The fourth stage for stopping to give the horses breath is six miles
below Jaurinum, in the village of _Cotzi_, from which both drivers and
carriages take their name, and are still generally called _cotzi_.”
That the word _coach_ is of Hungarian extraction is confirmed also by
John Cuspinianus (Spiesshammer), physician to the emperor Maximilian
I., in Bell’s Appar. ad Histor. Hungariæ, dec. 1, monum. 6, p. 292.
“Many of the Hungarians rode in those light carriages called in
their native tongue _Kottschi_.” In Czvittinger’s Specimen Hungariæ
Litteratæ, Franc. et Lips. 1711, 4to, we find an account of the service
rendered to the arts and sciences by the Hungarians; but the author
nowhere makes mention of coaches.
[185] In his Account of the German War, p. 612.
[186] Examples may be seen in Frisch’s German Dictionary, where it
appears that the beds which are used for raising tobacco plants are at
present called _Tabacks kutschen_, tobacco beds. This expression is
old, for I find it in Pet. Laurembergii Horticultura, Franc. 1631, p.
43.
[187] Roubo, p. 457. The historian, however, gives it no name.
[188] “_Berlin._ A kind of carriage which takes its name from the city
of Berlin, in Germany; though some persons ascribe the invention of it
to the Italians, and pretend to find the etymology of it in _berlina_,
a name which the latter give to a kind of stage on which criminals are
exposed to public ignominy.”--Encyclopédie, ii. p. 209.
[189] Nicolai Beschreibung von Berlin, Anhang, p. 67.
[190] At Rome, however, at a very early period, there appears to have
been carriages to be let out for hire: Suetonius calls them (i. chap.
57) _rheda meritoria_, and (iv. c. 39) _meritoria vehicula_.
[191] Charles Villerme paid in 1650, into the king’s treasury, for the
exclusive privilege of keeping coaches for hire within the city of
Paris, 15,000 livres.
[192] A full history of the Parisian _fiacres_, and the orders issued
respecting them, may be seen in Continuation du Traité de la Police.
Paris, 1738, fol. p. 435. See also Histoire de la Ville de Paris, par
Sauval, i. p. 192.
[193] An account of the manner in which these _brouettes_ were
suspended may be seen in Roubo, p. 588. He places the invention of
post-chaises in the year 1664.
[194] Anderson’s Hist. of Commerce.
[195] Haubers Beschr. von Copenhagen, p. 173.
[196] Twiss’s Travels through Spain and Portugal.