=Motto.= "That there may be a sound mind in a sound body."--Juvenal,
_Satires_, x. 356.
=117=: 21. =Ferments the humours.= It was an old medical notion that in
the body there are four _humours_ or fluids,--blood, phlegm, choler,
and bile,--and that health depended upon the due proportion and mixture
of these humours. This conception influenced popular language, after it
was in great part discarded by more accurate medical knowledge. It will
be noticed throughout this paper that Addison's hygiene is better than
his physiology.
=117=: 28. =Refining those spirits.= The name animal spirits was
given to a subtle fluid which, according to ancient medical notions,
permeated the body and served in some way as the medium of sensation
and volition. In its looser and more recent use the phrase means little
more than nervous energy or sometimes physical vivacity.
=118=: 3. =The spleen= was supposed to be the seat of melancholy or
fretfulness, hence was often used for the melancholy itself.
=118=: 5. =Vapours.= The blues, especially used of women.
=120=: 8. =Dr. Sydenham.= Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), the most noted
physician of his time, surnamed "the English Hippocrates."
=120=: 12. =Medicina Gymnastica=, _or a Treatise concerning the Power
of Exercise_, by Francis Fuller, published in 1704.
=120=: 14. =Exercise myself an hour every morning.= It may be doubted
whether Mr. Addison kept up this healthful practice. At all events,
like most of the fat club goers of the age, he gave evidence in his
later years of the need of more vigorous physical exercise, and he died
at the early age of forty-seven.
=120=: 23. =A Latin treatise of exercises.= _Artis Gymnasticae apud
antiquos_, by Hieronymus Mercurialis, Venice, 1569.