"I was born in 1862, September first. I got that off the Bible. My
father, he belonged to a doctor and the doctor, he was a kind of a wait
man to him. And the doctor learnt him how to read and write. Right after
the War, he was a teacher. He was ready to be a teacher before most
other people because he learnt to read and write in slavery. There were
so many folks that came to see the doctor and wanted to leave numbers
and addresses that he had to have some one to 'tend to that and he
taught my father to read and write so that he could do it.
"I was born in Tennessee, in Haywood County. My father was born in North
Carolina, so they tell me. He was brought to Tennessee. He was a slave
and my mother was a slave. His name was Washington Curry and my mother's
name was Eliza Douglass before she married. Her master was named John
Douglass and my father's master was named T.A. Curry, Tom Curry some
folks called him.
"I don't know just how many slaves Tom Curry owned. Lemme see. There was
my daddy, his four brothers, his five sisters. My father's father had
ten children, and my father had the same number--five boys and six
girls. Ten of us lived for forty years. My mother had ten living
children when she died in 1921. Since '21, three girls died. My father
died in 1892.
"My father's master had around a hundred slaves. Douglass was a richer
man than my father's master. I suspect he had two hundred slaves. He was
my mother's father as well as her master. I know him. He used to come to
our house and he would give mama anything she wanted. He liked her. She
was his daughter.
"My father's father--I can't remember what his name was. I know his
mother was Candace. I never did see his father but I saw my grandma. He
was dead before I was born. My mother's mother was named Malinda Evans.
Only one thing I remember that was remarkable about her. Her husband was
a free man named Mike Evans. He come from up North and married her in
slave time and he bought her. He was a fine carpenter. They used to hire
him out to build houses. He was a contractor in slave time. I remember
him well.
"After the War, he used to have white men getting training for the
carpenter's training under him. He was Grandma Evans' husband. He wasn't
my father's father. My father was born before Grandma Evans was freed.
All the rest of them were born afterward. They sold her to him but the
children all belonged to the Douglasses. He probably paid for her on
time and they kept the children that was born.
"The doctor was good to my father. Way after freedom, he was our family
doctor. He was at my father's bedside when father died. He's dead now.
"My father was a carpenter and a wait man (waiter). He was a finished
carpenter. He used to make everything 'round the house. Sometimes he
went off and worked and would bring the money back to his master, and
his master would give him some for himself.
"My mother worked 'round the house. She was a servant. I don't know that
she ever did the work in the field. My daddy just come home every
Saturday night. My father and mother always belonged to different
masters in slavery time. The Douglasses and the Currys were five or six
miles apart. My father would walk that distance on Saturday night and
stay there all day Sunday and git up before day in the morning Monday so
that he would be back home Monday morning in time for his work. I
remember myself when we moved away. That's when my memory first starts.
"I could see that old white woman come out begging and saying, 'Uncle
Washington, please don't carry Aunt Lize away.' But we went on away.
When we got where we was going, my mother made a pallet on the floor
that night, and the three children slept on the pallet on the floor.
Nothing to eat--not a bite. I went to bed hungry, and you know how it is
when you go to bed hungry, you can't sleep. I jerk a little nod, and
then I'd be awake again with the gnawing in my stomach. One time I woke
up, and there was a big light in the house, and father was working at
the table, and mama reached over and said, 'Stick your head back under
the cover again, you little rascal you.' I won't say what I saw. But
I'll say this much. We had the finest breakfast the next morning that I
ever ate in all my life.
"I used to hear my people talk about pateroles but I don't reckon I can
recall now what they said. There is a man in Washington named Bob
Sanders. He knows everything about slavery, and politics too. He used to
be a regular politician. He is about ninety years old. They came there
and got him about two year ago and paid him ten dollars a day and his
fare. Man came up and got him and carried him to the capitol in his car.
They were writing up something about Arkansas history.
"I have been married fifty-seven years. I married in 1881. My wife was a
Lemons. I married on February tenth in Tennessee at Stanton. Nancy
Lemons.
"I went to public school a little after the war. My wife and I both went
to Haywood after we were married. After we married and had children, we
went. I took a four-years' course there when it was a fine institution.
It's gone down now.
"I was the oldest boy. We had two mules. We farmed on the halves. We
made fifteen bales of cotton a year. Never did make less than ten or
twelve.
"I have been in the ministry fifty-three years. I was transferred to
Arkansas in 1883 in the conference which met at Humboldt. My first work
here was in Searcy in 1884.
"I think the question of Negro suffrage will work itself out. As we get
further away from the Civil War and the reconstruction, it will be less
and less opposition to the Negro's voting. You can see a lot of signs of
that now.
"I don't know about the young people. They are gone wild. I don't know
what to say about them.
"I think where men are able to work I think it is best to give them
work. A man that is able to work ought to be given work by the
government if he can't get it any other way."
Interviewer: Mrs. Bernice Bowden
Person interviewed: Lyttleton Dandridge
2800 W. Tenth Street, Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Age: 80
"I was told I was born in '57 in East Carroll Parish, Louisiana.
"Oh, I can remember before the War broke out. Yes ma'am, I had good
owners. Old master and mistress was named James Railey and Matilda
Railey. I called her mistress.
"I remember one time my father carried me to Natchez on Christmas to
spend with his people. His parents were servants on a plantation near
Natchez.
"I remember two shows I saw. They was the Daniel Rice shows. They was
animal shows but they had em on a boat, kind of a flatboat. We didn't
have trains and things like that--traveled on the big waters.
"I remember when we refugeed to Texas in '63. They raised tobacco there.
"We got free in '65 and the Governor or somebody ordered all the owners
to take all the folks back that wanted to go.
"All the young folks, they had them in Tyler, Texas makin' bullets. My
father had the care of about fifty youngsters makin' bullets.
"Old master had two plantations in Louisiana and three in Mississippi.
He was a large slaveholder.
"When we got back to Louisiana from Texas, ever'thing was the same
except where the levees had been cut and overflowed the land.
"Old master died before the War broke out and my mistress died in '67.
"My father died in Texas. That left my mother a widow. She spent about
two weeks at the old home place in Louisiana. She pulled up then and
went to Natchez to my father's people. She made two crops with my young
master. His name was Otie Railey. Help her? Well, I was comin'. I had
one brother and one sister.
"In '68 she worked with a colored man on the shares.
"I started to school in '67. A colored man come in there and established
a private school. I went in '67, '68, and '69 and then I didn't go any
more till '71 and '72. I got along pretty well in it. I know mine from
the other fellows. I can write and any common business I can take care
of.
"We had two or three men run off and joined the Yankees. One got drowned
fore he got there and the other two come back after freedom.
"My mother worked for wages after freedom. She got three bales of cotton
for her services and mine and she boarded herself.
"In '74 she rented. I still stayed with her. She lived with me all her
life and died with me.
"I come over to Arkansas the twenty-third day of December in 1916.
Worked for Long-Bell Lumber Company till they went down. Then I Just
jobbed around. I can still work a little but not like I used to.
"I used to vote Republican when I was interested in politics but I have
no interest in it now.
"The younger generation is faster now than they was in my time. They was
more constrictions on the young people. When I was young I had a certain
hour to come in at night. Eight o'clock was my hour--not later than
that. I think the fault must be in the times but if the parents started
in time they could control them.
"I remember one time a cow got after my father and he ran, but she
caught up with him. He fell down and she booed him in the back. My
grandfather come up with a axe and hit her in the head. She just shook
her head and went off.
"Outside of my people, the best friend I ever met up with was a white
man."
Interviewer: Samuel S. Taylor
Person interviewed: Ella Daniels
1223 W. Eleventh Street, Little Rock, Arkansas
Age: 74, or over
[HW: Food Rationed]
"I was born in North Carolina, in Halifax County, in the country near
Scotland Neck. My mother's name was Nellie Doggett. Her name was Hale
before she married. My father's name was Tom Doggett. I never did see
any of my grand people.
"My mother's master was named Lewis Hale. He was a farmer. He was fairly
good himself but the overseers wasn't. They have mistreated my mother.
All I know is what I heard, of course; I wasn't old enough to see for
myself. My mother was a field hand. She worked on the farm. My father
did the same thing.
"My father and mother belonged to different masters. I forgot now who my
father said he belonged to. My father didn't live on the same plantation
with my mother. He just came and visited her from time to time.