MEGRIMS.

_Cause._--Unknown.

_Symptoms._--The horse suddenly stops; shakes the head; strange

stubbornness may be exhibited, followed by a desire to run into dangerous

places. Then ensues insensibility, accompanied by convulsions.

_Treatment._--Throw up on the first fit. Give a long rest, and try to

amend the constitution.

MELANOSIS.

_Cause._--Unknown. The disease only attacks gray horses which have become

white.

_Symptoms._--It appears as a lump of uncertain form, size, and situation.

The swelling, if cut into, discloses a cartilaginous structure, dotted

here and there with black spots. Do not use the knife unless the swelling

impede the usefulness, or should be peculiarly well placed for operation.

Feel the tail. A pimple on the dock is an almost certain sign of

melanosis, which disease affects the internal organ even more virulently

than it attacks the external parts. As melanosis proceeds, all spirit

departs, and the animal is at length destroyed as utterly useless.

_Treatment._--Let the tumor alone. Forbid all use of the curry-comb. Dress

very long and very gently with the brush only. Twice a week anoint the

body with animal glycerin, one part; rose-water, two parts.

NASAL GLEET.

_Causes._--Decayed molar tooth; kicks from other horses; injuries to the

frontal bones.

_Symptoms._--Distortion of the face; partial enlargement and softening of

the facial bones; irregular discharge of fetid pus from one nostril. The

discharge is increased, or brought down by feeding off the ground, or by

trotting fast.

_Treatment._--Surgical operation, with injection of a weak solution of

chloride of zinc. Also give daily a ball composed of balsam of copaiba,

half an ounce; powdered cantharides, four grains; cubebs, a sufficiency.

If the foregoing should affect the urinary system, change it for

half-drachm doses of extract of belladonna, dissolved in a wineglass of

water. Give these every fourth day, and on such occasions repeat the

belladonna every hour, until the appetite has been destroyed.

NASAL POLYPUS.

_Symptoms._--An enlarged nostril; a copious mucous discharge; signs of

suffocation, if the free nostril be stopped; a cough generally forces down

the growth.

_Treatment._--Surgical operation, which removes the tumor.

NAVICULAR DISEASE.

_Causes._--Frog pressure, and not shoeing with a leathern sole. The

unprotected foot treads on a rolling stone, and navicular disease is the

result.

_Symptoms._--Acute lameness; this disappears, but may come again in six

or nine months. Acute lameness is then present for a longer time, while

the subsequent soundness is more short. Thus the disease progresses, till

the horse is lame for life. The pain in one foot causes greater stress

upon the sound leg, and from this cause both feet are ultimately affected.

The foot is pointed in the stable. The bulk diminishes, while the hoof

thickens and contracts. The horse, when trotting, takes short steps, and

upon the toe, going groggily.

_Treatment._--Feed liberally upon crushed oats and old beans. Soak the

foot every other night in hot water. Afterward bandage the leg, fix on

tips, and having smeared the horn with glycerin, put on a sponge boot.

Rest very long--six months in the first instance--and then give three

months agricultural employment. In bad cases resort to neurotomy, but

do so upon the second attack of lameness; because continued disease

disorganizes the internal structures of the hoof, and also occasions the

sound foot to be attacked by navicular disease.

NEPHRITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS.

_Causes._--Bad provender, or niter in a mash, and long or fast work upon

the following day.

_Symptoms._--Hard, quick pulse; short breathing; pallid membranes; looking

at the loins; depressed head; roached back; hind legs straddling; scanty

urine; refusing to turn in the stall; and crouching under pressure on the

loins. Subsequently, pus is voided with the water. If the urine has a

fetid odor, if blood be present, if the pulse grows quicker, if pressure

gives no pain, and if the perspiration has a urinous smell, death is near

at hand. To be certain of nephritis, insert the arm up the rectum and move

the hand toward the kidneys.

_Treatment._--Rub mustard into the skin of the loins. Cover it over to

prevent it becoming dry. Apply fresh sheepskins as soon as these can be

procured. Inject warm linseed tea every hour. A ball composed of Croton

farina, two scruples; extract of belladonna, half a drachm; treacle and

linseed meal, a sufficiency, should be given immediately; one scruple

of calomel; one drachm of opium should be sprinkled on the tongue every

hour. A pail of linseed tea may be placed in the manger. Feed on linseed

tea, and mind the oats--when allowed--are very good. While the pain is

acute, give, thrice daily, a ball composed of extract of belladonna, half

a drachm; crude opium, two drachms; honey and linseed meal, of each a

sufficiency. When the pain is excessive, repeat the above ball every hour.

Should the pulse increase and become wiry, a scruple of aconite should be

thrown upon the tongue every half hour until the artery softens, or the

animal becomes affected with the drug.

No cure is to be expected; the disease may be arrested, but the kidney

must be left in an irritable state.

OCCULT SPAVIN.

_Cause._--Treading on a stone.

_Symptoms._--Sudden lameness, which never departs, but in the end becomes

very bad. The disease is always worse after work, and better after rest.

The foot is without disease, and the leg is not hot or painful; yet the

lameness continues and gets worse. The leg is snatched up in the walk, and

the foot is not turned outward.

_Treatment._--Get the horse into slings. Rub the front of the hock with an

embrocation composed of compound soap liniment, sixteen ounces; tincture

of cantharides, liquor ammonia and laudanum, of each two ounces. After

the joint is embrocated, wrap it round with flannel, held upon the hock

with elastic rings. Give three feeds of corn, a few old beans, and sweet

hay daily. After the horse bears upon the diseased limb, allow the slings

to remain for three months. Three months after it has left the slings,

put to gentle work, but mind the labor is not in any way exhausting.

The work must not be full till six months have elapsed. Keep the bowels

regular with bran mashes and green-meat. If all treatment fail, cast the

horse; retract the injured limb; make a small puncture, and inject one

ounce of dilute spirits of wine, in which half a drachm of iodine has been

dissolved. Place the horse in slings, and apply cold water to the hock.

When the pulse is quiet, feed very liberally.

OPEN SYNOVIAL CAVITIES.

_Causes._--The pride of gentility, which apes what is not, and tries to

pass off a horse with a ewe neck for an animal with a lofty crest. The

quadruped, being in pain and constraint, necessarily trips, and cannot

save itself from falling. Kicking in harness; running away and being run

into.

_Symptoms._--Air being admitted creates inflammation; inflammation causes

constitutional irritability. Bursæ are attended with least danger when

punctured; sheaths of tendons are more dangerous; joints are by far the

most serious. Judge which is opened by the extent of the wound and the

quantity of synovia released.

_Treatment._--Exercise gentleness toward the injured animal. Wash as was

directed for broken knees. Examine if there be any sac or bag into which

dirt could have entered. If one exists, place a large spatula under the

knee; then take a knife with a sharp point, but with its edge blunted

the two posterior thirds of its length; guard the point with a lump of

beeswax; introduce this into the sac and drive the point through the

bottom of the bag. An opening will thereby be created, through which

the pus and dirt will gravitate. If the probe enters the knee of the

flexed leg, unopposed, three-quarters of an inch, push it no farther; be

satisfied the cavity is opened.

OPEN SYNOVIAL JOINTS.

_Treatment._--Proceed in the first instance as for broken knees. Then

give a drink composed of sulphuric ether and laudanum, of each one

ounce; water, half a pint; look to the comfort. Should the eye rove, the

breathing be hard, ears active, and the horse start at sounds, hourly

repeat the drink before recommended, till these symptoms abate. Then place

in a stall and allow four drinks and two pots of stout daily. Use the

arnica lotion as for broken knees, during the first three and a half days.

At the end of that time turn the horse gently round in the stall, and let

it stand with its head toward the gangways. Place the slings before the

horse and leave the animal to contemplate them for half an hour. Then,

with extreme gentleness, fix them; but do not pull the cloth up to the

abdomen. Leave a pail of water suspended from one pillar, and feed from

a high trough, supported upon light legs. Let the horse be watched night

and day for the remainder of the week. When the animal is at ease in

the slings, these may be heightened till the cloth lightly touches, but

not presses, against the belly. With the slings change to the chloride

of zinc lotion, one scruple to the pint of water; have this frequently

applied during the day. It will coagulate the albumen and promote the

healing of the wound. The albumen will accumulate as a large ball in front

of the injury; do not touch it. Allow it to fall off. The cure is nearly

perfect when it falls. When pressure can be endured, the slings may be

removed; though the healing process should be confirmed before the animal

is allowed to stand near anything against which it could strike the knee.

OPERATIONS.

_Admit of no abbreviation; they should never be hastily undertaken; they

should be only resorted to after time has been allowed for thought, and

opportunity has been afforded for more than one perusal of the directions

detailed in this book._

OSSIFIED CARTILAGES.

_Cause._--Battering the foot upon hard roads.

_Symptoms._--Of little consequence in heavy horses unless accompanied with

ring-bone. The disease causes lameness in light horses used for fast work.

_Treatment._--Rest; liberal food; and small blisters to the foot

immediately above the sides of the hoof.

OVERREACH.

_Cause._--When a good stepper is very tired, this accident sometimes

happens--the coronet of the fore foot upon the outer side being severely

wounded by the inside of the hind shoe.

_Symptom._--A severe wound and a large slough, probably followed by a

false quarter.

_Treatment._--Feed liberally, and bathe the injury thrice daily with the

chloride of zinc lotion, one grain to the ounce of water.

PARROT-MOUTH.

_Cause._--Natural malformation.

_Symptoms._--Projecting upper teeth; an inability to graze or to clean out

the manger.

PARTIAL PARALYSIS.

_Cause._--Violent exertion.

_Symptom._--One hind leg gets in the way of the other, and threatens to

throw the animal down.

_Treatment._--A loose box; warm clothing; good grooming; warmth to loins;

regulate the bowels with mashes and green-meat; absolute rest. Give the

following ball night and morning: Strychnia, half a grain, (gradually work

this medicine up to one grain and a half;) iodide of iron, one grain;

quassia powder and treacle, a sufficiency.

PHLEBITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE VEIN.

_Cause._--Motion. Bleeding in the neck and turning out to grass; or from

either of the limbs, and then forcing the animal to walk.

_Symptoms._--The earliest indication is a separation of the lips of the

wound and the presence of a small quantity of thin discharge. A small

swelling then takes place, and the vein hardens above the puncture. Then

abscesses form along the course of the vessel. These mature, burst, send

forth a contaminated pus. The abscesses are united by sinuses. If these

signs are neglected, a dark discharge resembling decayed blood issues from

the numerous wounds and soils the neck. Dullness ensues; the brain becomes

affected; and the horse perishes phrenitic.

_Treatment._--Remove the pin and apply a blister. Another may be required.

In bad cases, blister must follow blister, but not be rubbed in. A little

oil of cantharides should be put over the sore with a paste-brush.

Place in a loose box and litter with tan; feed on slops, which require

no mastication. Let the horse remain there and be so fed for six weeks

subsequent to the cessation of all treatment. Then give a little exercise

at a slow pace, gradually augmented. At the end of three months the horse

may do slow work. But the horse should not wear a collar or go into the

shafts before the expiration of six months.

PHRENITIS.

_Cause._--Unknown.

_Symptom._--Heaviness, succeeded by fury in excess, but without any

indication of malice.

_Treatment._--Bleed from both jugulars till the animal drops. Then pin

up, and give a purgative of double strength. Follow this with another

blood-letting, if necessary, and scruple doses of tobacco; half-drachm

doses of aconite root; or drachm doses of digitalis--whichever is soonest

obtained. But whichever is procured must be infused in a pint of boiling

water, and, when cool and strained, it ought to be given every half hour

till the animal becomes quiet. But the probable result is by no means

cheering, even if death is by these means avoided.

PLEURISY.

_Causes._--Over-exertion; blows; injuries; cold.

_Symptoms._--These are quickly developed. The pulse _strikes_ the finger;

pain continuous; agony never ceases; horse does not feed. Body hot; feet

cold; partial perspirations. Muscles corrugated in places; cough, when

present, suppressed and dry; auscultation detects a grating sound and a

dull murmur at the chest. Pressure between the ribs produces great pain or

makes the animal resentful. The head is turned very often toward the side;

the fore foot paws; the breathing is short and jerking.

_Treatment._--Should be active. Bleed, to ease the horse; place in a loose

box; bandage the legs; leave the body unclothed. Give, every quarter of an

hour, a scruple of tincture of aconite in a wineglass of warm water. When

pulse has softened, give, every second hour, sulphuric ether and laudanum,

of each one ounce; water, half a pint. Do not bleed a second time. When

the pulse and pain are amended, introduce the steaming apparatus. Do

nothing for the bowels. Place luke-warm water within easy reach of the

head, and give nothing more while the disease rages. When the disease

departs, return with caution to full food. After the affection subsides,

blister throat and chest. If the horse is costive, administer enemas; or a

bundle of cut grass may be presented with the other food.

PNEUMONIA.

_Causes._--Fat; irregular work; and sudden exertion.

_Symptoms._--Breathing labored; oppressed pulse; partial consciousness;

giddiness. Standing with outstretched legs; head and ears dejected; coat

rough; extremities and body cold; visible membranes discolored; bowels

costive; feeling half dead; and general oppression.

_Treatment._--Bleed but once; take only blood sufficient to restore

consciousness; do not attempt to obtain blood, if the liquid flows black

and thick. Place in a loose box strown with damp tan; take off the shoes;

place water within easy reach; no food. If winter, clothe; then introduce

steam; when the steam is abundant, take off the clothes. Give solution

of aconite root, half an ounce; sulphuric ether, two ounces; extract of

belladonna, (rubbed down with half a pint of water,) one drachm. Repeat

the drink three times each day. When the pulse improves, withdraw the

aconite; when the breathing amends, abstract the belladonna; or increase

either as pulse or breathing becomes worse. Allow only hay tea, with a

little oatmeal in it, until the disease abates. On amendment, cautiously

increase the food. Lying down is the first sign of improvement. Do not

disturb the animal: it must require rest, having stood throughout the

attack.

POLL EVIL.

_Causes._--Hanging back in the halter; hitting the poll against the beam

of the stable door; blows on the head; and any external injury.

_Symptoms._--The nose is protruded and the head kept as motionless as

possible; the animal hangs back when it is feeding from the manger.

Pressure or enforced motion excites resistance. Swelling: the swelling

bursts in several places, from which exude a foul, fistulous discharge.

Pus has been secreted; confinement has caused it to decay; while motion

and fascia have occasioned it to burrow.

_Treatment._--Paint the part lightly with tincture of cantharides, or

acetate of cantharides. Do this daily till vesication is produced; then

stop. When the swelling enlarges, open the prominent or soft places. Allow

the pus to issue; then cut down on the wound till the seat of the disease

is gained. Use a proper knife, and include as many pipes as possible in

one clean cut. All others should join this. Empty out all concrete matter.

Wash the cavity with cold water. Excise all loose pieces of tendon and

all unhealthy flesh. Moisten the sore with the chloride of zinc lotion,

one grain to the ounce, and cover the wound with a cloth dipped in the

solution of tar. If the disease has burst, still include the pipes in

one smooth incision; clean out the concrete pus, and treat as has been

directed. Spare the ligament which lies under the mane; and work in a

breast-strap after recovery.

PRICK OF THE SOLE.

_Cause._--Generally the smith's carelessness when shoeing the horse.

_Symptom._--Great lameness.

_Treatment._--Withdraw the nails of the shoe. If one is wet, cut down on

that hole until the sensitive sole is exposed. If not very lame, treat

with lotion of chloride of zinc, one grain to the ounce of water. If very

lame, treat as if the injury were a suppurating corn.

PRURIGO.

_Cause._--Heat of body.

_Symptom._--Itchiness. The horse rubs off hair; but never exposes a dry,

corrugated surface.

_Treatment._--Take away some hay. Give two bundles of grass per day. Allow

two bran mashes each day till the bowels are open. Apply either of the

following washes: Animal glycerin, one part; rose-water, two parts. Or,

sulphuric acid, one part; water, ten parts. Or, acetic acid, one part;

water, seven parts. Drink: Liquor arsenicalis, one ounce; tincture of

muriate of iron, one ounce and a half; water, one pint--half a pint to

be given every night. Withdraw the drink a week after the disease has

disappeared. Allow a pot of porter and an extra feed of oats each day.

PUMICE FOOT.

_Cause._--An animal reared on marshy land, having high action, batters the

feet upon London stones.

_Symptoms._--Bulging sole; weak crust; strong bars, and good frog.

_Treatment._--The only relief possible is afforded by a bar shoe of the

dish kind, and a leathern sole. The constant use of equal parts of animal

glycerin and tar is also beneficial to the hoof.

PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA.

_Cause._--Unknown. Universal congestion.

_Symptoms._--The attack is sudden. The body, head, and limbs enlarge;

consciousness is partially lost. The horse stands, and the breathing is

quickened. Through the skin there exudes serum with blood. The nostrils

and lips enlarge, and part of the swollen tongue protrudes from the mouth.

The appetite is not quite lost, although deglutition is difficult. Thirst

is great.

_Treatment._--Bleed till the animal appears relieved. A second venesection

may be demanded, but it should be adopted with caution. Give half an

ounce of chloroform in a pint of linseed oil, in the first stage. Repeat

the dose in half an hour. No amendment following, give two ounces of

sulphuric ether in one pint of cold water. In half an hour repeat the

dose if necessary. Perform tracheotomy to ease the breathing. Incise the

protruding tongue. Squeeze out the fluid and return the organ to the

mouth. Should the skin slough, bathe the part with solution of chloride of

zinc, one grain to the ounce of water.

QUITTOR.

_Causes._--Confined pus from suppurating corn; or prick of the sole;

matter results, and this issues at the coronet. Or from injury to the

coronet, generating pus, and this burrowing downward, as it cannot pierce

the coronary substance. The secretion may also penetrate the cartilage,

and thus establish sinuses in almost every possible direction.

_Symptoms._--The horse is very lame. The animal is easier after the

quittor has burst. Probe for the sinuses. If, after the superficial

sinuses are treated, among the creamy pus there should appear a dark speck

of albuminous fluid, make sure of another sinus, probably working toward

the central structures of the foot.

RHEUMATISM.

_Cause._--Generally follows other disorders, as influenza, chest

affections, and most acute diseases. Very rarely does it appear without a

forerunner.

_Symptoms._--Swelling of particular parts, generally the limbs; heat and

acute lameness. The disorder is apt to fly about the body. The synovia is

always increased when the joints are attacked. The pulse and breathing are

both disturbed by agony.

_Treatment._--Lead into a loose box; fill the place with steam. (See page

313.) Get ready the slings; put the belly-piece under the horse, but do

not pull it up so as to lift the legs from the ground. Keep the steam

up for one hour. Then have several men with cloths ready to wipe the

animal dry; mind they are perfectly silent. Next rub into the diseased

parts the following: Compound soap liniment, sixteen ounces; tincture of

cantharides, liquor ammonia, and laudanum, of each two ounces. Afterward

incase the limbs in flannel. (See page 314.) Then give a bolus composed of

powdered colchicum, two drachms; iodide of potassium, one drachm; simple

mass, a sufficiency. Should the attack succeed upon other diseases, the

diet must be supporting, everything being softened by heat and water.

Next morning repeat the steaming, and give calomel, a scruple; opium, two

drachms. At night steam again, and repeat the first bolus. Should the

horse be fat, withdraw all corn, if the strength can do without it.

RING-BONE.

_Cause._--Dragging heavy loads up steep hills.

_Symptoms._--A roughness of hair on the pastern and a bulging forth of

the hoof. A want of power to flex the pastern. An inability to bring the

sole to the ground only upon an even surface. Loss of power and injury to

utility.

_Treatment._--In the first stage apply poultices, with one drachm of

camphor and of opium. Afterward rub with iodide of lead, one ounce;

simple ointment, eight ounces. Continue treatment for a fortnight after

all active symptoms have subsided, and allow liberal food and rest; work

gently when labor is resumed.

RING-WORM.

_Symptoms._--Hair falls off in patches, exposing a scurfy skin. The scurf

congregates on the bare place about the circumference, which is apt to

ulcerate.

_Treatment._--Be very clean. Wash night and morning, and afterward apply

the following ointment: Animal glycerin, one ounce; spermaceti, one ounce;

iodide of lead, two drachms. Many other things are popular. For a detailed

list of these, see the body of the book. A drink is likewise of use when

employed with the ointment. Liquor arsenicalis, one ounce; tincture of

muriate of iron, one ounce and a half; water, one quart. Mix, and give

every night half a pint for a dose. Should the ulceration prove obstinate,

apply permanganate of potash, half an ounce; water, three ounces. Or,

chloride of zinc, two scruples; water, one pint. Moisten the parts with a

soft brush six times daily. Feed well, and do not work for one month.

ROARING.

_Causes._--The bearing-rein; the folly of fashion.

_Symptom._--A noise made at each inspiration.

_Treatment._--No remedy. The cabman's pad is the only alleviation: that

conceals and does not cure the disease.

RUPTURE, OR STRICTURE OF THE ŒSOPHAGUS.

_Cause._--The use of the butt-end of a carter's whip, which either rends

the lining membrane of or ruptures the gullet.

_Symptom of Rupture._--The body becomes distended with gas, and death

ensues. _Of Rent Membrane._--This induces a disinclination to feed, as the

first symptom. A stricture is formed. Excessive hunger. Distention of the

tube. A large sac is developed out of the stretched membrane above the

stricture. Then, after feeding, the animal fixes the neck, and returns

the masticated food through the mouth and nostrils. Accompanying loss of

condition and failure of strength.

_Treatment._--Feed on prepared soft food: though the horse is generally

not worth its ordinary keep at the stage when this is required.

SANDCRACK.

_Causes._--Bad health, provoking imperfect secretion. Treading for any

length of time upon a very dry soil.

_Symptoms._--Quarter crack occurs on light horses upon the inner side of

the hoof. It usually commences at the coronet, goes down the foot, and

reaches to the laminæ. Toe crack happens in heavy wheelers, and is caused

by digging the toe into the ground when dragging a load up hill. From the

sensitive laminæ, when exposed, fungoid granulations sometimes sprout,

which, being pinched, produce excessive pain and acute lameness.

_Treatment._--Always pare out the crack, so as to convert it into a

groove. When the crack is partial, draw a line with a heated iron above

and below the fissure. If granulations have sprouted, cleanse the wound

with chloride of zinc lotion, one grain to the ounce of water, and then

cut them off. Afterward place the foot in a poultice. Subsequently pare

down the edges of the crack while the horn is soft. Use the lotion

frequently. Draw lines from the coronet to the crack, so as to cut off

communication between the fissure and the newly-secreted horn. Shoe with

a bar shoe, having the seat of crack well eased off and also a clip on

either side. If the horse must work, lay a piece of tow saturated with the

lotion into the crack: bind the hoof tightly with wax-end. Tie over all a

strip of cloth, and give this a coating of tar. When the horse returns,

inspect the part. Wash out any grit with the chloride of zinc lotion. Feed

liberally on prepared food.

SCALD MOUTH.

_Cause._--Powerful medicine, which burns the lining membrane of the mouth.

_Symptom._--A dribbling of saliva, with constant motion and repeated

smacking of the lips.

_Treatment._--Give soft food, and use the wash recommended for aphtha.

SEEDY TOE.

_Cause._--Weakness, inducing an imperfect secretion of horn.

_Symptom._--A separation between the crust of the coronet and the soft

horn of the laminæ, commencing at the toe of the foot.

_Treatment._--Remove the shoe. Probe the fissure, which will be exposed.

Cut away all the separated crust. Throw up until the removed portion has

grown again. Feed liberally.

SIMPLE OPHTHALMIA.

_Causes._--Slashing with the whip over the head; hay-seeds falling into

the eyes; horses biting at each other in play; blows, etc.

_Symptoms._--Tears; closed eyelid; the ball of the eye becomes entirely or

partially white.

_Treatment._--Remove any foreign body; fasten a cloth across the forehead;

moisten it with a decoction of poppy-heads to which some tincture of

arnica has been added. If a small abscess should appear on the surface

of the eye, open it, and bathe with chloride of zinc lotion. Should

inflammation be excessive, puncture eye vein, and place some favorite food

on the ground.

SITFAST.

_Causes._--Ill health; badly-fitting saddle; too energetic a rider; loose

girths; ruck in the saddle-cloth.

_Symptom._--Like a corn on the human foot, but the hard, bare patch is

surrounded by a circle of ulceration.

_Treatment._--The knife should remove the thickened skin. Chloride of

zinc, one grain; water, one ounce, to the wound. Attend to the bowels.

Feed liberally; exercise well; and give, night and morning, liquor

arsenicalis, half an ounce; tincture of muriate of iron, three-quarters of

an ounce; water, one pint. Mix, and give.

SORE THROAT.

_Causes._--In colts, change from freedom to work, from the field to

the stable, is the cause. Sore throat, however, may be caused by close

stables, or be an indication of some greater disease.

_Symptoms._--Perpetual deglutition of saliva; want of appetite; inability

to swallow a draught of liquid--the fluid returning partly by the

nostrils, and each gulp being accompanied with an audible effort.

_Treatment._--Forbear all work; clothe warmly; house in a large,

well-littered, loose box. Gruel for drink; green-meat, with three feeds of

bruised and scalded oats, also beans, daily. If the bowels are obstinate,

administer a drink composed of solution of aloes, four ounces; essence of

anise seed, half an ounce; water, one pint. Should the throat not amend,

dissolve half an ounce of extract of belladonna in a gallon of water; hold

up the head: pour half a pint of this preparation into the mouth, and

in thirty seconds let the head down; do this six or eight times daily.

No improvement being observed, try permanganate of potash, half a pint;

water, one gallon: to be used as directed in the previous recipe. Still no

change being remarked, prepare chloride of zinc, three drachms; extract of

belladonna, half an ounce; tincture of capsicums, two drachms; water, one

gallon.

All being useless, give two pots of stout daily, and blister the throat.

No alteration ensuing, cast the horse, and mop out the fauces with a

sponge which is wet with nitrate of silver, five grains; water, one ounce.

Give a ball daily composed of oak-bark and treacle.

If none of these measures succeed, the throat must be complicated with

some other disease.

SPASM OF THE DIAPHRAGM.

_Cause._--Imprudently riding too far and too fast.

_Symptom._--Distress, and a strange noise heard from the center of the

horse.

_Treatment._--Pull up; cover the horse's body; lead to the nearest stable.

Give as soon as possible a drink composed of sulphuric ether, two ounces;

laudanum, one ounce; tincture of camphor, half an ounce; cold water or

gruel, one pint. Give four drinks, one every quarter of an hour; then

another four, one every half hour, and then at longer intervals as the

animal recovers. When first brought in, procure five steady and quiet

men; give a bandage each to four of them, and order them silently to

bandage the legs; give a basin and sponge to the other, and bid him sponge

the openings to the body. This done, and sweat and dirt removed, clothe

perfectly after the skin is quite dry.

SPASM OF THE URETHRA.

_Cause._--Acridity in the food or water.

_Symptoms._--Small and violent emissions; straddling gait. Roached back;

pain; total suppression of urine.

_Treatment._--Insert the arm up the rectum, and feel the gorged bladder.

Give, by the mouth, four ounce doses of sulphuric ether and of laudanum

mixed with a quart of cold water, and, as injection, mixed with three

pints of cold water. Repeat these medicines every quarter of an hour until

relieved. If no physic be at hand, open both jugular veins, and allow the

blood to flow until the horse falls. Should not the urine then flow forth,

insert the arm and press upon the bladder.

SPASMODIC COLIC--FRET--GRIPES.

_Causes._--Fast driving; change of water; change of food; getting wet;

fatiguing journeys; aloes; and often no cause can be traced.

_Symptoms._ _1st Stage._--Horse is feeding; becomes uneasy; ceases eating;

hind foot is raised to strike the belly; fore foot paws the pavement; the

nose is turned toward the flank, and an attack of fret is recognized. _2d

Stage._--Alternate ease and fits of pain; the exemptions grow shorter as

the attacks become longer; the horse crouches; turns round; then becomes

erect; pawing, etc. follow; a morbid fire now lights up the eyes. _3d

Stage._--Pains lengthen; action grows more wild; often one foot stamps on

the ground; does not feed, but stares at the abdomen; at last, without

warning, leaps up and falls violently on the floor; seems relieved; rolls

about till one leg rests against the wall; should no assistance be now

afforded, the worst consequences may be anticipated.

_Treatment._--Place in a loose box, guarded by trusses of straw ranged

against the walls. Give one ounce each of sulphuric ether and of laudanum

in a pint of cold water, and repeat the dose every ten minutes if the

symptoms do not abate. If no improvement be observed, double the active

agents, and at the periods stated persevere with the medicine. A pint of

turpentine, dissolved in a quart of solution of soap, as an enema, has

done good. No amendment ensuing, dilute some strong liquor ammonia with

six times its bulk of water, and, saturating a cloth with the fluid, hold

it by means of a horse-rug close to the abdomen. It is a blister; but its

action must be watched or it may dissolve the skin. If, after all, the

symptoms continue, there must be more than simple colic to contend with.

SPAVIN.

_Cause._--Hard work.

_Symptom._--Any bony enlargement upon the lower and inner side of the

hock. Prevents the leg being flexed. Hinders the hoof from being turned

outward. Causes the front of the shoe to be worn and the toe of the hoof

to be rendered blunt by dragging the foot along the ground. Leaves the

stable limping; returns bettered by exercise. Sickle hocks, or cow hocks,

are said to be most subject.

_Treatment._--View the suspected joint from before, from behind, and

from either side. Afterward feel the hock. Any enlargement upon the seat

of disease, to be felt or seen, is a spavin. Feed liberally, and rest

in a stall. When the part is hot and tender, rub it with belladonna and

opium, one ounce of each to an ounce of water. Apply a poultice. Or put

opium and camphor on the poultice. Or rub the spavin with equal parts of

chloroform and camphorated oil. The heat and pain being relieved, apply

the following, with friction: Iodide of lead, one ounce; simple ointment,

eight ounces.

SPECIFIC OPHTHALMIA.

_Cause._--The fumes of impure stables.

_Symptoms._--A swollen eyelid; tears; a hard pulse; sharp breathing; a

staring coat; a clammy mouth; the nasal membrane is inflamed or leaden

colored; the lid can only be raised when in shadow. The ball of eye

reddened from the circumference; the pupil closed; the iris lighter than

is natural. The disease may change from eye to eye; the duration of any

visitation is very uncertain; the attacks may be repeated, and end in

the loss of one or both eyes. If one eye only is lost, the remaining eye

generally strengthens.

_Treatment._--Remove from the stable and place in a dark shed. Open the

eye vein, and puncture the lid if needed; put a cloth saturated with cold

water over both eyes. If the horse is poor, feed well; if fat, support,

but do not cram; if in condition, lower the food. Sustain upon a diet

which requires no mastication. Give the following ball twice daily:

Powdered colchicum, two drachms; iodide of iron, one drachm; calomel, one

scruple; make up with extract of gentian. So soon as the ball affects the

system, change it for liquor arsenicalis, three ounces; muriated tincture

of iron, five ounces. Give half an ounce in a tumbler of water twice

daily. See the stable is rendered pure before the horse returns to it.

SPLINT.

_Causes._--Early and hard work; blows, kicks, etc.

_Symptom._--Any swelling upon the inner and lower part of the knee of the

fore leg, or any enlargement upon the shin-bone of either limb. On the

knee they are important, as they extend high up. On the shin they are to

be dreaded, as they interfere with the movements of the tendons. All are

painful when growing, and in that state generally cause lameness.

_Treatment._--Feel down the leg. Any heat, tenderness, or enlargement is

proof of a splint. If, on the trot, one leg is not fully flexed, or the

horse "dishes" with it, it confirms the opinion. Time and liberal food are

the best means of perfecting them. When they are painful, poultice, having

sprinkled on the surface of the application one drachm each of opium and

of camphor. Or rub the place with one drachm of chloroform and two drachms

of camphorated oil. Periosteotomy (see _Operations_) is sometimes of

service. When a splint interferes with a tendon, the only chance of cure

is to open the skin and to cut off the splint, afterward treating the

wound with a lotion composed of chloride of zinc, one grain; water, one

ounce. To check the growth of a splint, rub it well and frequently with

iodide of lead, one ounce; simple ointment, eight ounces.

SPRAIN OF THE BACK SINEWS.

_Cause._--Cart-work upon a hilly country.

_Symptom._--Gradual heightening of the hind heel.

_Treatment._--The only possible relief is afforded by an

operation--"division of the tendons."

STAGGERS.

_Sleepy Staggers and Mad Staggers are only different stages of the same

disorder._

_Cause._--Over-gorging.

_Symptoms._--Excessive thirst; dullness or sleepiness; snoring; pressing

the head against a wall. Some animals perish in this state; others

commence trotting without taking the head from the wall, and such

generally die, but sometimes recover. Other horses quit the sleepy state;

the eyes brighten; the breath becomes quick. Such animals exhibit the

greatest possible violence, but without the slightest desire for mischief.

_Treatment._--Allow no water. Give a quart of oil. Six hours afterward

give another quart of oil, with twenty drops of croton oil in it, should

no improvement be noticed. In another six hours, no amendment being

exhibited, give another quart of oil, with thirty drops of croton oil in

it. After a further six hours, repeat the first dose, and administer the

succeeding doses, at the intervals already stated, until the appearance

changing indicates that the body has been relieved.

For the full development of the mad stage no remedies are of the slightest

avail.

STRAIN OF THE FLEXOR TENDONS.

_Cause._--Hard work on uneven ground, or the rider punishing a horse with

the snaffle and the spurs.

_Symptoms._--The animal goes oddly, not lame. The defective action will

disappear upon rest, but stiffness is aggravated by subsequent labor. Any

attempt to work the horse sound induces incurable lameness or contraction

of the tendons.

_Treatment._--Allow several hours to elapse before any attempt is made to

discover the disease. A small swelling, hot, soft, and sensitive, may then

appear. Bind round it a linen bandage, and keep it wet with cold water.

Have men to sit up bathing this for the three first nights; afterward

apply moisture only by day. Throw up the horse. Give four drachms of

aloes. Do not turn out, but allow two feeds of corn each day. Keep in a

stall, and do not put to work till more than recovered.

STRANGLES.

_Cause._--Something requiring to be cast from the system, so as to suit

the young body to a sudden change.

_Symptoms._--A slight general disturbance, which, however, remains. The

colt continues sickly. After a day or two, the neck becomes stiff, and a

swelling appears between the jaws. The enlargement at first is hard, hot,

and tender. A discharge from the nose comes on. The symptoms increase;

the throat becomes sore. Breathing is oppressed; coat stares; appetite is

lost; tumor softens, and, being opened, the animal speedily recovers.

_Treatment._--Neither purge nor bleed. Give all the nourishment that can

be swallowed. If all food is rejected, whiten the water, and a little

cut grass may tempt the colt. Corn, ground and scalded, may be offered,

a little at a time from the hand. No grooming; light clothing; ample

bed; door and window of loose box should be open. Gently stimulate the

throat with the following: Spirits of turpentine, two parts; laudanum,

one part; spirits of camphor, one part. Apply with a paste-brush morning,

noon, and night, until the throat is sore. After every application, take

three pieces of flannel, place these over the part, and bind on with an

eight-tailed bandage. So soon as the tumor points, apply the twitch, and

have one fore leg held up. Then open the swelling with an abscess knife.

It may be necessary to make another incision. There are other occasional

varieties of strangles, for which consult the substance of the work, pages

272, 273.

STRINGHALT.

_Cause._--Over-exertion.

_Symptom._--Raising both hind legs, one after the other, previous to

starting.

_Treatment._--None is possible.

SURFEIT.

_Cause._--Heat of body.

_Symptom._--An eruption of round, blunt, and numerous spots.

_Treatment._--If the pulse is not affected, the symptom may disappear in

a few hours. Look to the food. Abstract eight pounds of hay, and allow

two bundles of cut grass per day. Even increase the oats, but with each

feed give a handful of old crushed beans. The following drink will be of

service: Liquor arsenicalis, one ounce; tincture of muriate of iron, one

ounce and a half; water, one quart. Mix. Give daily, one pint for a dose.

_Symptom._--If a young horse has been neglected through the winter, the

surfeit lumps do not disappear. An exudation escapes; the constitution is

involved, and the disease is apt to settle upon the lungs.

_Treatment._--Do not take out. Keep the stable aired, and attend to

cleanliness. Feed as previously directed, and allow bran mashes when the

bowels are constipated. Administer the drink recommended above, night and

morning. Clothe warmly; remove from a stall to a loose box. Should the

pulse suddenly sink, allow two pots of stout each day. If the appetite

fail, give gruel instead of water, and present a few cut carrots from the

hand. The shortest of these cases occupy a fortnight.

SWOLLEN LEGS.

_Cause._--Debility.

_Treatment._--Place in a loose box. No hay for some weeks. Damp the

corn, and sprinkle a handful of ground oak-bark on each feed. Attend to

exercise. If the legs continue to enlarge, hand-rub them well and long.

TEETH.

_Cause._--A thickening of the membrane sometimes conceals the upper tushes

and provokes constitutional symptoms.

_Treatment._--Lance the membrane.

_Symptoms of Toothache._--Head carried on one side, or pressed against

the wall; saliva dribbles from the lips; quidding or partial mastication

of the food, and allowing the morsel to fall from the mouth. Appetite

capricious; sometimes spirit is displayed--then the horse is equally

dejected. The tooth dies; the opposing tooth grows long. The opposite

teeth become very sharp, from the horse masticating only on one side. The

long tooth presses upon the gum and provokes nasal gleet.

_Treatment._--Chisel off projecting tooth; file down the sharp edges of

the opposite teeth, and look to the mouth frequently.

TETANUS.

_Causes._--Cold rain; draughts of air; too much light; wounds.

_Symptoms._--The wound often dries up. The horse grows fidgety. Upon

lifting up the head, "the haw" projects over the eye. The tail is raised;

the ears are pricked; the head is elevated; the limbs are stiff; the body

feels hard. Any excitement may call up a fearful spasm.

_Treatment._--Give a double dose of purgative medicine. Place in solitude

and in quiet. Put a pailful of gruel and a thin mash within easy reach of

the head. Let nobody excepting the favorite groom approach the place; and

allow him to enter it only once a day.

THOROUGH-PIN.

_Cause._--Excessive labor.

_Symptom._--A round tumor going right through the leg, and appearing

anterior to the point of the hock. It is nearly always connected with bog

spavin.

_Treatment._--Never attack thorough-pin and bog spavin at the same time.

Relieve the thorough-pin first by means of rags, cork, and an India-rubber

bandage, cut so as not to press on the bog spavin. If the corks occasion

constitutional symptoms, use a truss to press upon the thorough-pin,

which, being destroyed, apply a perfect bandage and wetted cloths to the

bog spavin. When attempting to cure bog spavin, however, continue the

remedy to the thorough-pin, or the cure of one affection may reproduce the

other.

THRUSH.

_Cause._--Standing in filth, when it appears in the hind feet; navicular

disease, when seen in contracted feet.

_Symptoms._--A foul discharge running from the cleft of the frog. This

decomposes the horn. The surface of the frog becomes ragged, and the

interior converted into a white powder. The affection does not generally

lame; but should the horse tread on a rolling stone, it may fall as though

it were shot.

_Treatment._--Pare away the frog till only sound horn remains, or until

the flesh is exposed. Then tack on the shoe and return to a clean stall.

Apply the chloride of zinc lotion--three grains to the ounce of water--to

the cleft of the frog by means of some tow, wrapped round a small bit of

stick. When the stench has ceased, a little liquor of lead will perfect

the cure. For contracted feet pare the frog, and every morning dress once

with the chloride of zinc lotion; but do not strive to stop the thrush.

TREAD.

_Cause._--Fatigue and overweight.

_Symptom._--In light horses it occurs toward the end of a long journey.

The hind foot is not removed when the fore foot is put to the ground. The

end of the fore shoe consequently tears off a portion of the coronet from

the hind foot. In cart-horses, after the horse is fatigued, the load has

to be taken down a steep hill; the animal, being in the shafts, rocks to

and fro; the legs cross, and the calkin of one shoe wounds the coronet of

the opposite hoof.

_Treatment._--Bathe the sore with the chloride of zinc lotion, one grain

to the ounce of water. Continue to do this thrice daily; feed liberally. A

slough will take place, and the animal be well in about a month; the only

danger being the after-result of a false quarter.

TUMORS.

These are so various and of such different natures, that in every case a

surgeon should be consulted.

WARTS.

_Cause._--Unknown.

_Symptom._--There are three kinds of warts. 1st. Some are contained in a

cuticular sac, and, upon this being divided, shell out. 2d. The second

are cartilaginous and vascular. These grow to some size, and are rough on

the surface. They are apt to ulcerate. 3d. Consists of a cuticular case,

inclosing a soft granular substance.

_Treatment._--When of the first kind, slit up, and squeeze them out. The

second kind, excise and apply a heated iron to stop the bleeding. The

third kind are better let alone.

WATER FARCY.

_Cause._--Overwork and coarse feed, succeeded by periods of stagnation. It

is the warning that true farcy threatens the stable.

_Symptoms._--Load less and work less.

_Treatment._--Improve the diet, and never allow the horse to remain a day

in the stable without exercise. Saturate the swollen limb with cold water

every morning, and have it afterward thoroughly hand-rubbed until it is

perfectly dry. Should lameness remain after the first day, a few punctures

may be made into the limb, but only through the skin. Give the following

ball every morning: Iodide of iron, one drachm; powdered cantharides, two

grains; powdered arsenic, one grain; Cayenne pepper, one scruple; sulphate

of iron, one drachm; treacle and linseed meal, a sufficiency. Mix. The

delay even of a day in treatment is attended with danger in this disease.

WIND-GALLS.

_Cause._--Hard work.

_Symptoms._--Small enlargements, generally upon the hind legs and below

the hocks; no lameness; two wind-galls appear above the pastern, one

beneath that joint; after extraordinary labor, the round swellings

disappear and the course of the flexor tendons becomes puffy. Sometimes

continued irritation will cause the wind-galls to greatly enlarge, and

ultimately provokes their case to change into bone. During these changes

the horse is very lame.

_Treatment._--Fold pieces of rags; wet them; put these on the wind-galls;

place on the rags pieces of cork, and over the cork lace on an

India-rubber bandage. Mind this bandage is constantly worn, save when

ridden or driven by the proprietor. Rest is the only alleviation for the

change of structure.

WINDY COLIC.

_Causes._--Gorging on green food; but more commonly impaired digestion,

consequent upon severe labor and old age.

_Symptoms._--Uneasiness; pendulous head; cessation of feeding. Breathing

laborious; fidgets; rocking the body; enlargement of the belly; pawing.

Standing in one place; sleepy eye; heavy pulse; flatulence; the abdomen

greatly enlarged. Breathing very fast; pulse very feeble; blindness; the

animal walks round and round till it falls and dies.

_Treatment._--Three balls of sulphuret of ammonia, two drachms, with

extract of gentian and powdered quassia, of each a sufficiency, may

be given, one every half hour. Next, one ounce of chloride of potash,

dissolved in a pint of cold water, and mingled with sulphuric ether, two

ounces, should be horned down. In an hour's time, two ounces each of

sulphuric ether and of laudanum; half an ounce of camphorated spirits;

one drachm of carbonate of ammonia may be administered. No good effect

being produced, throw up a tobacco-smoke enema. As a last resort, procure

a stick of brimstone and light it. Remain in the stable while it burns,

or the sulphureous fumes may become too powerful for life to inhale

them. Continue this measure for two hours; then repeat the remedies

previously recommended. All being fruitless, a desperate resort may be

adopted. Puncture the abdomen with a trocar; but this operation can only

be named here; the reader must turn to the substance of the book for its

description.

WORMS

Are of four kinds: the Tænia, the Lumbrici, the Strongulus, and the

Ascarides.

The _Tænia_ mostly affect the young.

_Cause._--Starving the mare when with foal, and breeding from old animals.

_Symptoms._--Checked development; large head; low crest; long legs, and

swollen abdomen. Appetite ravenous; body thin; coat unhealthy; breath

fetid. The colt rubs its nose against a wall, or strains it violently

upward; picks and bites its own hair.

_Treatment._--Give spirits of turpentine. To a foal, two drachms; to a

three months' old, half an ounce; six months, one ounce; one year, one

ounce and a half; two years, two ounces; three years, three ounces; four

years and upwards, four ounces. Procure one pound of quassia chips; pour

on them three quarts of boiling water. Cause to blend with the turpentine

a proportionate quantity of the quassia infusion, by means of yolks

of eggs; add one scruple of powdered camphor, and give first thing in

the morning. Good food is essential afterward. Subsequently give every

morning, till the coat is glossy, liquor arsenicalis, from one to eight

drachms; muriated tincture of iron, from one and a half to twelve drachms;

extract of belladonna, from ten grains to two drachms; ale or stout, from

half a pint to a quart.

The _Lumbrici_ prey upon the old and the weakly.

_Treatment._--Tartarized antimony, two drachms; common mass, a sufficiency

to make one ball. Give one every morning.

The _Strongulus_, during life, is generally not known to be present.

The _Ascarides_ cause great itching posteriorly, which provokes the horse

to rub its hair off against the wall.

_Treatment._--Try injections of train oil for one week. Then use infusion

of catechu, one ounce to one quart of water. On the eighth morning,

give aloes, four drachms; calomel, one drachm. Tobacco-smoke enemas are

sometimes useful, and the following ointment may be placed up the rectum

night and morning: Glycerin, half an ounce; spermaceti, one ounce; melt

the spermaceti, and blend; when cold, add strong mercurial ointment, three

drachms; powdered camphor, three drachms.

WOUNDS.

A _lacerated wound_ is generally accompanied by contusion, but with little

hemorrhage. Shock to the system is the worst of its primary effects. The

danger springs from collapse. A slough may probably follow. The slough is

dangerous in proportion as it is tardy. The horse may bleed to death if

the body is much debilitated.

_Treatment._--Attend first to the system. Give a drink composed of

sulphuric ether and laudanum, of each one ounce; water, half a pint.

Repeat the medicine every quarter of an hour if necessary, or till

shivering has ceased and the pulse is healthy. A poultice, made of

one-fourth brewer's yeast, three-fourths of any coarse meal; or a lotion,

consisting of tincture of cantharides, one ounce; chloride of zinc, two

drachms; water, three pints, may be employed. When the slough has fallen,

apply frequently a solution of chloride of zinc, one grain to the ounce of

water; and regulate the food by the pulse.

An _incised wound_ produces little shock. The danger is immediate, as the

horse may bleed to death.

_Treatment._--Do not move the horse. Dash the part with cold water, or

direct upon the bleeding surface a current of wind from the bellows.

When the bleeding has ceased and the surfaces are sticky, draw the edges

together with divided sutures. When the sutures begin to drag, cut them

across. After copious suppuration has been established, bathe frequently

with the solution of chloride of zinc, one grain to the ounce of water.

An _abraded wound_ generally is accompanied by grit or dirt forced into

the denuded surface. The pain is so great, the animal may sink from

irritation.

_Treatment._--Cleanse, by squeezing water from a large sponge above

the wound, as was directed for broken knees, and allow suppuration to

remove any grit that is fixed in the flesh. Support the body, and use the

chloride of zinc lotion.

A _punctured wound_ is dangerous, as the parts injured are liable to

motion. On this account those above the stifle are very hazardous. Sinuses

form from the torn fascia opposing the exit of the pus; also because the

small hole in the skin generally bears no proportion to the internal

damage.

_Treatment._--Always enlarge the external opening to afford egress to all

sloughs and pus. Regulate the food by the symptoms, and use the chloride

of zinc lotion.

A _contused wound_, when large, causes more congealed blood than can be

absorbed. This corrupts, and a slough must occur or an abscess must form.

Either generates weakness, produces irritation, and may lead to fatal

hemorrhage. Or sinuses may form. Wherefore, such accidents are not to be

judged of hastily.

_Treatment._--When the contusion is slight, rub the part with iodide of

lead, one drachm of the salt to an ounce of lard. When large, divide the

skin, every eighth inch, the entire length of the swelling. Bathe the

injury with the chloride of zinc lotion, and support the body, as the

symptoms demand liberality in the matter of food.

In all wounds, gain, if possible, a large depending orifice, and cover the

denuded surfaces with a rag saturated with oil of, or in solution of, tar.

* * * * *

The author, having now concluded his labors, cannot forbear from repeating

the advice which was given to the reader at the commencement of the

present Summary--always appeal to the body of the work so soon as the

first danger has subsided. Many hints are therein contained which could

not be embodied in anything deserving to be entitled an abbreviation.

Ampler space there enables the writer to describe certain precautions and

to suggest various stratagems which, of course, would be out of place in

the pages where condensation was the professed characteristic. For these

reasons the reader is most earnestly recommended never to depend longer

upon the contents of the Summary, than the pressure of immediate danger

shall render imperative.

INDEX.

Abdomen, diseases of, 165.

Abdominal injuries, 184, 467.

ruptured diaphragm, 185.

ruptured spleen, 186.

ruptured stomach, 186.

intro-susception, 187.

invagination, 187.

strangulation, 188.

ruptured intestines, 188.

calculus, 188.

Abraded wounds, 425.

Abscess of the brain, 19, 467.

symptoms of, 20.

Acites, 178, 468.

symptoms of, 178.

treatment of, 179.

Acute dysentery, 172, 468.

cause of, 173.

symptoms of, 173.

treatment of, 174.

Acute gastritis, 147, 469.

causes of, 147.

treatment of, 148.

symptoms of, 149.

Acute laminitis, 367, 469.

cause of, 368.

symptoms of, 369.

treatment for, 370.

Albuminous urine, 218, 470.

All kinds of treatment have been tried for tetanus, 32.

Alphabetical summary, 465.

Alteration in shape consequent upon tetanus, 31.

Aphtha, 73, 470.

treatment of, 73.

Attention to the feeding of horses most important, 20.

Back sinews, clap of, 302, 477.

sprain of, 303, 507.

Bandage for punctured abdomen, 432.

Best treatment for megrims, 26.

Blood spavin, 328, 470.

Bloody urine, 215, 486.

Bog spavin, 318, 470.

Bots, 152, 470.

causes of, 152.

Brain, abscess of, 19.

and nervous systems: their accidents and diseases, 17.

disease of, 17.

Breaking down, 304, 470.

cause of, 304.

treatment for, 305.

Broken knees, 404, 471.

contusion generally accompanies, 405.

cause of, 406.

proper mode to wash, 407.

how to probe, 408.

treatment for, 410.

Broken wind, 254, 472.

cause of, 255.

symptoms of, 256.

treatment for, 257.

Bronchocele, 119, 473.

remedies for, 119.

Bronchitis, 125, 472.

symptoms of, 126.

remedies for, 127.

Bruise of the sole, 353, 473.

Buying a captain, 84.

Calculi, 213, 473.

Canker, 358, 474.

cause of, 359.

symptoms of, 359.

treatment for, 361.

Capped elbow, 324, 474.

Capped hock, 321, 474.

Capped knee, 321, 475.

Cartilages, ossified, 366, 495.

Cataract, 54, 475.

kinds of, 54.

preventive for, 54.

no remedy for complete, 56.

use of belladonna in, 56.

no medicine can cure, 57.

Cavities, synovial, open, 412, 494.

Chest, the diseases of, 121.

Choking, 110, 475.

causes of, 111.

different kinds of, 111.

high, most important, 111.

remedy for, 112.

low, 113.

Chronic dysentery, 175, 476.

cause of, 175.

symptoms of, 176.

treatment of, 177.

Chronic gastritis, 150, 476.

symptoms of, 150.

treatment of, 151.

Chronic hepatitis, 158, 477.

Clap of the back sinews, 302, 477.

Cold, 84, 477.

its causes, 84.

symptoms of, 85.

treatment of, 85.

Colic, windy, 199.

spasmodic, 194, 505.

cause of, 194.

symptoms of, 196.

treatment for, 197.

Congestion in the field, 121, 478.

remedy for, 122.

Congestion in the stable, 123, 478.

remedy for, 125.

Corns, 349, 478.

causes of, 349.

old and new, how to distinguish, 350.

treatment for, 352.

Contused wounds, 427.

Cough, 99, 479.

symptoms of, 99.

treatment for, 100.

medicines for, 101.

Countenance of a horse with hydrophobia, 27.

Cracked heels, 250, 479.

cause of, 250.

symptoms of, 252.

treatment for, 252.

Crib-biting, 162, 480.

symptoms of, 163.

treatment of, 164.

Curb, 306, 480.

cause of, 308.

treatment for, 307.

Curb-chain may injure the jaw, 72.

Cystic calculus, 214.

Cystitis, 209, 480.

causes of, 211.

symptoms of, 210.

treatment for, 210.

Diabetes insipidus, 217, 481.

causes, 217.

treatment for, 217.

Diaphragm, spasm of, 145, 504.

Disease of the heart, 143.

Division of the tendons, 457.

Division of the tendons, the necessity for, how provoked, 458.

how to perform, 459.

after-treatment required for, 460.

Do not whip a runaway horse, 19.

Dropsy of the abdomen, 178.

Dysentery, acute, 172.

chronic, 175.

Enteritis, 165, 481.

causes of, 165.

symptoms of, 167.

mode of making sure that it is present, 169.

treatment of, 170.

Excoriated angles of the mouth, 64, 481.

causes of, 64.

treatment for, 66.

Expression of a horse changed by repeated attacks of megrims, 25.

Extirpation of the eye, 59.

Eye, fungoid tumors in, 57.

Eyes, the diseases of, 42.

Face of a horse with hydrophobia, 27.

False quarter, 345, 482.

cause of, 345.

treatment for, 346.

Farcy, 282, 482.

cause of, 282.

symptoms of, 283.

Feeding a horse with chronic tetanus, 33.

Feet, their diseases, 330.

Fever in the feet, 367.

Filled legs, 239.

Fistulous parotid duct, 394, 482.

its causes, 395.

symptoms of, 396.

treatment for, 397.

Fistulous withers, 391, 483.

its causes, 391.

symptoms of, and treatment for, 392.

Flatulent colic, 199.

Foot, prick of, 354, 498

pumice, 339, 499.

Fret, 194, 505.

Fungoid tumors in the eye, 57, 483.

symptoms of, 57.

horrible alternatives left by, 58.

Gastritis, acute, 147.

chronic, 150.

Glanders, 274, 483.

cause of, 274.

symptoms of, 276.

Gleet, nasal, 91, 491.

Grease, 242, 484.

prevention of, 242.

nature of, 242.

cause of, 244.

symptoms of, 245.

treatment for, 247.

Gripes, 194, 505.

Gutta serena, 38, 485.

causes of, 38.

symptoms of, 39.

peculiarities of, 40.

effect upon the optic nerve, 40.

Harness horses most subject to megrims, 24.

Hay rack, evils of its general position, 44.

Heart, disease of, 143, 485.

Heels, cracked, 250.

Hematuria, 215, 485.

symptoms of, 215.

treatment for, 216.

Hepatitis, chronic, 158.

causes of, 158.

treatment for, 160.

Hide-bound, 231, 486.

treatment for, 232.

Highblowing, 94, 486.

Horse quickly learns to recognize the voice of its owner, 19.

How to treat a runaway horse, 19.

Hydrophobia, 27, 486.

symptoms of, 27.

treatment for, 28.

Hydrothorax, 139, 486.

symptoms of, 140.

treatment of, 141.

Incised wounds, 424.

Idiopathic tetanus, 29.

causes of, 30.

Impediment in the lachrymal duct, 61, 487.

causes of, 62.

treatment for, 62.

Inflammation of the kidneys, 204, 492.

of the bladder, 209, 480.

of the vein, 398, 496.

Influenza, 181, 487.

probable cause of, 181.

symptoms of, 182.

treatment of, 183.

Injuries, 385.

of the abdomen, 184.

to the jaw, 69, 488.

the snaffle may cause, 70.

but often does produce, 70.

treatment for, 71.

produced by London stables, 35.

Jaw, injuries to the, 69, 488.

Joints, synovial, open, 418, 494.

Kidneys, inflammation of, 204, 492.

Knees, broken, 404.

Lacerated eyelid, 60, 488.

cause of, 60.

treatment for, 61.

Lacerated tongue, 74, 488.

causes of, 77.

treatment of, 77.

Lacerated wounds, 423.

Lameness, 330.

treatment for, 330.

mode of progression when in different feet, 333.

Laminitis, acute, 367.

subacute, 375, 489.

Lampas, 67.

an imaginary disease, 67.

Larva in the skin, 233, 489.

cause of, 233.

cure for, 234.

Laryngitis, 101, 488.

cause of, 101.

symptoms of, 102.

treatment of, 102.

Lash, effect of on the eye of the horse, 43.

Laying open the sinuses of a quittor, 462.

how to accomplish, 462.

intention of, 463.

Lice, 232, 489.

Limbs, the diseases of, 286.

Liver, the diseases of, 145.

London stables, 35.

Luxation of the patella, 325, 490.

Madness, 27.

Mad staggers, 20.

Mallenders and sallenders, 249, 490.

treatment for, 249.

Mange, 220, 490.

causes of, 221.

symptoms of, 223.

treatment for, 225.

Megrims, 24, 491.

a form of epilepsy, 24.

when the attacks may appear, 24.

symptoms of, 25.

Melanosis, 259, 491.

symptoms of, 259.

treatment for, 260.

Mode of feeding a horse with chronic tetanus, 33.

Mouth, the, its accidents and diseases, 64.

excoriated angles of, 64.

roof of, may be injured by the bit, 71.

the disease of, 64.

Nasal gleet, 91, 491.

its causes, 91.

its treatment, 92.

Nasal polypus, 88, 492.

its nature, 88.

its treatment, 88.

Navicular disease, 377, 492.

seat of, 377.

causes of, 378.

symptoms of, 379.

treatment for, 382.

Nephritis, 204, 492.

causes of, 205.

symptoms of, 206.

treatment for, 207.

Nervous system, its accidents and its diseases, 17.

Neurotomy, 451.

its results, 451.

manner of performing, 452.

Nostrils, the diseases of, 84.

their accidents and their diseases, 84.

Occult spavin, 308, 493.

cause of, 309.

symptom of, 309.

treatment for, 310.

Open synovial joints, 418, 494.

primary treatment for, 418.

general treatment for, 419.

Open synovial cavities, 412, 494.

cause of, 412.

nature of, 413.

what is generally spoken of as, 415.

treatment for, 415.

Operation of no use in abscess of the brain, 20.

Operations, 434, 495.

aids to fetter the horse for, 440.

Ophthalmia, simple, 42, 503.

specific, 46, 506.

Optic nerve, the effect of gutta serena upon, 41.

Osseous deposits, 286.

Ossified cartilages, 366, 495.

Overreach, 349, 495.

treatment for, 349.

Parotid duct, fistulous, 394.

Parrot-mouth, 66, 495.

evils of, 67.

no cure for, 67.

Partial paralysis, 36, 496.

symptom of, 36.

the disease of fast horses, 37.

generally past all cure, 37.

the only hope of remedy for, 37.

Patella, luxation of, 325, 490.

Periosteotomy, 449.

the intention of, 449.

its advantages considered, 450.

Phlebitis, 398, 496.

experiment with regard to, 399.

cause of, 400.

symptoms of, 401.

treatment for, 402.

Phrenitis, 17, 496.

seldom is perceived approaching, 18.

symptoms of its approach, 18.

remedies for the early symptoms of, 18.

Physic of no use in abscess of the brain, 20.

Pleurisy, 136, 497.

symptoms of, 137.

treatment of, 138.

causes of, 139.

Pneumonia, 130, 497.

doubts concerning, 131.

symptoms of, 131.

treatment of, 132.

Poll evil, 385, 498.

its causes, 386.

symptoms of, 387.

treatment for, 388.

Polypus, nasal, 88, 492.

Prick of the foot, 354, 498.

Profuse staling, 215, 481.

Prurigo, 226, 499.

symptoms of, 226.

treatment of, 227.

Pumice foot, 339, 499.

causes of, 339.

symptoms of, 340.

treatment for, 341.

Punctured wounds, 426.

Purgative and quiet, best remedies for tetanus, 32.

Purpura hemorrhagica, 265, 499.

symptoms of, 265.

treatment for, 266.

Quarter, false, 345.

Quidding, 79.

Quiet and a strong purgative, the best remedies for tetanus, 32.

Quittor, 354, 500.

cause of, 355.

symptoms of, 355.

treatment for, 357.

sinuses of, laying open, 462.

Rack, hay, evil of its general position, 44.

Rheumatism, 312, 500.

cause of, 312.

symptoms of, 312.

treatment for, 313.

Ring-bone, 298, 500.

cause of, 298.

symptoms of, 298.

treatment for, 300.

Ring-worm, 227, 501.

symptoms of, 227.

treatment for, 228.

Roaring, 106, 501.

chronic, is a serious affair, 106.

causes and effects of, 106.

remedy for, 109.

Roof of the mouth may be injured by the bit, 71.

Rupture of œsophagus, 115, 501.

how caused, 116.

Sallenders, 249, 490.

Sandcrack, 342, 502.

causes of, 342.

symptoms of, 342.

treatment for, 343.

Scald mouth, 82, 502.

causes of, 82.

symptoms of, 83.

treatment of, 83.

Seedy toe, 346, 503.

treatment for, 347.

Shying, 42.

Simple ophthalmia, 42, 503.

nature of, 43.

causes, 43.

treatment of, 45.

symptoms of, 45.

Sinuses of a quittor, laying open, 462.

Sitfast, 240, 503.

cause of, 241.

treatment for, 241.

Skin, diseases of, 220.

Sole, bruise of, 353, 498.

Sore throat, 96, 503.

symptoms of, 97.

treatment for, 97.

Spasm of the diaphragm, 145, 504.

symptoms of, 145.

treatment of, 146.

Spasm of the urethra, 212, 504.

causes of, 212.

symptoms of, 212.

treatment for, 213.

Spasmodic colic, 194, 505.

causes of, 194.

symptoms of, 196.

treatment for, 197.

Spavin, 286, 505.

cause of, 287.

symptoms of, 288.

treatment for, 293.

how to examine for, 291.

occult, 308, 493.

Specific diseases, varieties of, 254.

Specific ophthalmia, 46, 506.

eyes supposed most subject to, 47.

small stables the cause of, 47.

symptoms of, 48.

contrasted with simple ophthalmia, 49.

treatment for, 50.

preventive for, 51.

terminations of, 51.

Splint, 294, 506.

cause of, 294.

symptoms of, 296.

treatment of, 297.

Sprain of the back sinews, 303, 507.

cause of, 303.

treatment for, 304.

Staggers, 20, 507.

treatment for, 22.

origin of, 20.

sleepy, 22.

Strain of the flexor tendon, 300, 508.

Strangles, 267, 508.

cause of, 268.

symptoms of, 268.

treatment for, 269.

a bad kind of, 272.

Stringhalt, 33, 509.

symptom of, 33.

cause of, 35.

Stomach, the, diseases of, 145.

Stricture of œsophagus, 116, 501.

its effects, 117.

Subacute laminitis, 375, 489.

W. Percival's account of, 375.

treatment for, 376.

Summary, alphabetical, 465.

Surfeit, 229, 509.

treatment for, 230.

a severe kind of, 230.

treatment for, 230.

Swollen legs, 239, 509.

symptoms of, 239.

treatment for, 240.

Synovial cavities, open, 412, 494.

joints, open, 418, 494.

Tapping the chest, 141.

Teeth, disease of, 78, 509.

symptoms of their disease, 80.

treatment of, 81.

Tendons, division of, 457.

Tetanus, 28, 510.

Thorough-pin, 319, 510.

Throat, its accidents and diseases, 96.

sore, 96, 503.

the diseases of, 96.

Thrush, 363, 510.

cause of, 363.

treatment for, 364.

Toe, seedy, 346, 503.

Toothache, 80.

Tooth, components of, 79.

Tracheotomy, 443.

how to perform, 445.

Traumatic tetanus, 29.

causes of, 29.

test for, 30.

Tread, 348, 511.

causes of, in light and heavy horses, 348.

treatment for, 348.

True cause of stringhalt, 35.

Tumors, 237, 511.

natures of, 238.

Tushes, a cause of sickness, 78.

Tympanitis, 199.

Universal spasm is tetanus, 30.

Urethra, spasm of, 504.

Urethral calculus, 215.

Urinary organs, diseases of, 204.

Vein, inflammation of the, 398, 496.

Warts, 235, 511.

kinds of, 236.

treatment for, 236.

Water, certain death, after over-gorging, 21.

Water farcy, 262, 512.

cause of, 262.

symptoms of, 263.

treatment for, 264.

Wheezing, 94, 486.

Wind-galls, 315, 512.

symptoms of, 316.

treatment for, 317.

Windy colic, 199, 512.

causes of, 199.

symptoms of, 200.

treatment for, 201.

Withers, fistulous, 391.

Worms, 190, 513.

cause of, 190.

symptoms of, 191.

treatment for, 192.

Wounds, 423, 514.

lacerated, 423.

their treatment, 427.

incised, 424.

their treatment, 428.

abraded, 425.

their treatment, 430.

punctured, 426.

their treatment, 430.

contused, 427.

their treatment, 431.

THE END.

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+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Transcriber Notes: |

| |

| P. 10. Changed 'necesssity' to 'necessity'. |

| P. 36. Changed 'stinghalt' to 'stringhalt'. |

| P. 49. Changed 'eolor' to 'color'. |

| P. 54. Changed 'miscroscope' to 'microscope'. |

| P. 71. Changed 'the roof the mouth' to 'the roof of the mouth'. |

| P. 98. Changed 'aniseseed' to 'aniseed'. |

| P. 98. Changed 'but, spite of' to 'but, in spite of'. |

| P. 105. 'larnyx to rise', changed 'larnyx' to 'larynx. |

| P. 119. 'cause of its orign', changed 'orign' to 'origin'. |

| P. 123. 'of there be any want', changed to 'if there be any want'. |

| P. 130. 'making any impresssion', changed 'impresssion' to |

| 'impression'. |

| P. 147. 'the personal appearace', changed 'appearace' to |

| 'appearance'. |

| P. 163. 'acting similiarly', changed 'similiarly' to 'similarly'. |

| P. 177. 'Choloroform Half an ounce.', changed 'Choloroform' |

| to 'Chloroform'. |

| P. 310. 'the lesson' changed to 'the lesion'. |

| P. 414. Image 2. 'synovial heath', changed 'heath' to 'sheath'. |

| P. 444. 'sugeons' changed to 'surgeons'. |

| Fixed various punctuation. |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+