silver, 232
_See also_ Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama.
Central Powers. _See_ Germany, Austria-Hungary.
Cerium ores, _See_ Monazite.
Ceylon, graphite, 280-283 mica, 286
Chalk, 83, 398
Chamberlin, T. C., 217
Chamberlin, T. C., and Salisbury, R. D., 415
Chance, H. M., 367, 368
Chert, use for abrasives, 267, 268, 270
Chile, borax, 275, 276
bromine, 277
coal, 116
copper, 197-199, 203
iron, 155, 161, 162, 164, 171
manganese, 176
nitrates, 100, 101-104
phosphates, 105, 106
potash, 112
silver, 232
sulphur, 109-110
Chile, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64, 261
China, antimony, 247-248, 249
arsenic, 250, 251
bismuth, 252
coal, 115, 116, 127, 154
iron, 154, 160, 164, 165, 171
petroleum, 128
salt, 294
silver, 232
tin, 260
tungsten, 183, 184
China, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
"Chloriding" for silver ores, 314
Chrome (or chromite) ores, 178-180, 307, 365-366, 398
Clarke, F. W., 13, 17, 18
Classification of mineral deposits, 27-59
of mineral lands, 309-311
of mineral materials, adjustment of scientific to commercial names,
356
Clays, 18, 85, 91-92, 398
Cle Elum, Washington, iron ores, 58
Cleavage, 26
Cleveland district, England, iron ores, 161
Clifton-Morenci district, Arizona, copper ores, 38, 198
Climate, as a factor in exploration, 315
effect of in formation of bauxites, 246
Clinton iron ores, 9, 52-53, 163, 166-167, 218, 313, 317
Coal, conservation of, 365, 366-382
European international situation, 116-117, 386, 387, 393, 400-403
general economic and geologic features, 56, 115-127, 309, 397
reserves, 116, 360-361, 366-367
Cobalt district, Ontario, arsenic, 251
cobalt, 255
silver ores, 232, 234-235, 308, 316
use of coefficient to estimate future output, 322
Cobalt ores, 254-255, 398
Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, lead-silver ores, 39, 45, 211, 212-213,
216, 234
Coke, 118-119
Colloids, content of in clays, 92
Colombia, coal, 116
emeralds, 289, 293
gold, 222
platinum, 238
Colombia, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
"Colorado," 313
Colorado, arsenic, 250
asphalt and bitumen, 152
bismuth, 253
coal, 117
fluorspar, 194
gold, 222, 230
graphite, 281
lead, 211, 212
molybdenum, 186
oil shales, 150
petroleum, 133
silver, 234
tungsten, 183, 184
turquoise, 293
uranium and radium, 264-265, 266
vanadium, 187-188
zinc, 216, 219-220
Commercial and political control of mineral resources, 65, 387, 388
_See also_ under individual resources.
Common rocks, as mineral resources, 80-94
Comstock Lode, Nevada, silver ores, 235-236, 308
Congo. See Belgian Congo
Connecticut, basalt, 82
diatomaceous earth, 269
tourmaline, 293
Conover, Julian D., 12
Conservation, 359-382, 393-395
application of economic geology to, 1-2
of coal, 366-382
of common rocks, 81
of human energy, 362
international aspects, 362-363, 375, 376-377, 393-395
of petroleum, 137-139
Conservation Commission of Canada, 367
Contact metamorphism, 20, 24, 25-27, 36-37
_See also_ Igneous after-effects.
Contracts, classification of earth materials in, 356-357
Copper ores, 9, 36-50, 51-52, 55, 197, 209, 307, 308-309, 313-314, 318,
396
Cornwall, England, tin ores, 42, 260, 262, 263
uranium and radium ores, 264
Corocoro, Bolivia, copper ores, 206
Corundum, 267-268, 270, 398
Costa Rica, manganese, 176
"Cracking" processes for refining petroleum, 137, 139
Cripple Creek district, Colorado, gold ores, 230
Cuba, chromite, 179
copper, 197
iron, 8-9, 50, 58, 96, 155, 160, 163, 171-173, 313, 349
manganese, 175
nickel, 181
petroleum, 128
Cuyuna Range, Minnesota, manganese ores, 175, 177
Cycle, erosion or topographic, 6-7
Cyclic nature of ore concentration, 7-8, 47-48, 56, 169, 201, 205, 208,
325
Cyprus, asbestos, 271, 272
Dams, geologic problems involved in construction, 414
Davis, W. M., 408
Death Valley, California, borax deposits, 276
Degree of economic geology, 427-428
Denmark, cement, 87
chalk, 83
grinding pebbles, 268
Depletion of mineral deposits, as factor in valuation and taxation,
331, 337, 339
Depth as a factor in mineral deposition, 43, 49, 58-59
Diamond dust, 267, 268, 398
Diamonds, 289-292, 316, 317
Diatomaceous earth, 267, 269, 398
Diorite, 82
Dolomite, 23, 192
Domes, occurrence of oil in. _See_ Anticlines.
Domes, salt and sulphur, Gulf Coast, 110, 298
Drilling, exploration of mineral deposits by, 320-321
Drilling records, public registration of, 305-306
Ducktown, Tennessee, copper ores, 204
Dutch East Indies, natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128, 129
tin, 260
use of coefficient to estimate tin reserves, 322
Dutch Guiana, bauxite, 243
Dutch West Indies, phosphates, 105, 106
Dynamic metamorphism, 25-26
East Africa, mica, 286
East Indies. See Dutch East Indies.
Eckel, E. C., 404
Economic Liaison Committee, 406
Egypt, petroleum, 128
phosphates, 104
Eiserner Hut, 313
Electrical conductivity, use in exploration of mineral deposits, 319
Ely, Nevada, copper ores, 41, 203
Emeralds, 289, 291, 293
Emery, 267-268, 270, 397, 398
Emmons, W. H., 43
Empire, Colorado, molybdenum ores, 186
Energy resources, 115-153
accelerating production of, 64, 130-131, 361, 366-367
Engineering, application of economic geology to, 2, 413-419
England. _See_ Great Britain
Enrichment, secondary, 7-8, 25, 46-50.
_See also_ under Copper ores, silver ores, etc.
Epigenetic ore deposits, use of term, 32, 36
"Equated Income" method of taxation, 335-336
Erosion, relation to oxide zones, 47-48
Erosion cycle, description of, 6-7
Ethics, questions of, 430-431
Europe, coal and iron situation under terms of Peace Treaty, 400-403
Expert witnesses, use of geologists as, 349-355, 357-358
Exploitation of mineral deposits, functions of geologist, 326-327
Exploration of mineral deposits, 301-327
effect of ownership laws on, 347-349
effect of taxation on, 339-341
quantitative aspects of, 321-322, 324-326
relation to international conditions, 395-396
Extralateral rights, litigation affecting, 349-355
Extrusive rocks, formation of, 19
Federated Malay States. _See_ Malay States.
Feldspar, 16, 86, 268-269, 397
Ferro-alloy minerals, 156-158, 173-196, 307, 362-363, 365-366, 393-394,
397-398
Ferroboron, 275
Ferrocerium, 288
Ferrochrome, 178
Ferromanganese, 173-174
Ferromolybdenum, 186
Ferrosilicon, 195
Ferrotitanium, 190
Ferrotungsten, 182-183
Ferrovanadium, 187
Ferrozirconium, 189
Ferruginous chert, 167
Fertilizer minerals, 99-114
Field work for students of economic geology, 425-426
Flint linings for tube mills, 269
Florida, fuller's earth, 279
phosphates, 105, 107
titanium, 190, 191
zirconium, 189
Flowage, rock, 25, 26
Fluorspar, 193-194, 397
Foothill district, California, copper ores, 204
Formosa, petroleum, 128
Foundations, application of geology to, 413
France, antimony, 247, 249
arsenic, 250-251
asphalt and bitumen, 152
barite, 272
bauxite, 242, 245
cement, 87
chalk, 83
coal, 115-117, 127
coal and iron situation under Peace Treaty, 400-403
fluorspar, 194
grinding pebbles, 268
gypsum, 283
iron, 154, 160-162, 163, 166-167, 402-403
manganese, 176
millstones and buhrstones, 269
molding sand, 84
oil shales, 150
phosphates, 104, 105
potash, 111-113
salt, 294
talc, 299
vanadium, 187
zinc, 214
France, control of various minerals in other countries, 64, 104-105,
178, 180, 210, 215, 222, 238, 247, 261, 280
laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343
relative position in regard to supplies of minerals, 399
Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, zinc ores, 215-216, 220
"Freestone," 84
French Guiana, bauxite, 242
Fuel ratio of coal, defined, 120
Fuller's earth, 278-279, 397
Gabbro, 19, 82
Gale, Hoyt S., 111
Galena dolomite, Wisconsin, zinc ores, 217
Galicia, petroleum, 128, 129
potash, 112
Ganister, 84, 91, 195
Garnet, 267, 268, 270, 398
Gas, natural, 57, 151
Georgia, asbestos, 271, 272
barite, 273
bauxite, 243, 245
corundum, 270
fuller's earth, 279
marble, 83
Georgia granite, volume change in weathering of, 21
Germany, arsenic, 250-251
barite, 272-273
bismuth, 252
borax, 275, 277
bromine, 277, 278
cadmium, 253, 254
cement, 87
coal, 115-117, 127, 400-403
copper, 9, 52, 197-198, 206
fluorspar, 194
gypsum, 283
iron, 154, 160-162, 402-403
lead, 54-55, 210-211
lignites, 379, 402
millstones and buhrstones, 269
nitrates, manufactured, 101-102
petroleum, 128
potash, 111-112
salt, 294, 297
silver, 232
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
uranium and radium, 264
zinc, 54-55, 214-215, 216
zirconium, 189
Germany, control of various minerals in other countries, 64, 174, 183,
189, 198, 211, 215, 222, 232, 257, 261, 271, 288, 387
participation of government in mineral trade, 388
relative position in regard to supplies of minerals, 399
Geysers, 72
Gilbert, Chester G., 123
Gilbert, Chester G., and Pogue, Joseph E., 119, 134, 138
Gilpin County, Colorado, uranium ores, 266
Glacial geology, application to railroad building, 418
application to road materials, 91, 418
Glacial soils, 95
Globe, Arizona, copper ores, 198
Gneissic structure, 26
Gogebic district, Michigan, iron ores, 312, 318, 325-326
Gold, monetary reserves, 223
Gold Coast, West Africa, manganese, 176
Gold ores, 36-50, 51, 221-230, 308-309, 313-314, 397
Goldfield, Nevada, alunite, 41-42, 114
bismuth, 253
gold-silver ores, 36, 39, 230, 308
Gossan, 47, 109, 173, 313
Government ownership and control. _See_ Nationalization.
Governments, participation in mineral ownership and international
trade, 388-390
Granite, 17, 19, 82, 90
Graphite, 279-283, 398
Graphite Association, Southern, 405
Gravel, sand and, 84-85
Gray, F. W., 368
Great Basin, Nevada, covering of mineral deposits by lavas, 311-312
gold-silver ores, occurrence in a metallogenic province, 308
tungsten ores, 185
Great Britain, arsenic, 250
barite, 272
cadmium, 253
cement, 78
chalk, 83
clay, 85
coal, 115-117, 126, 127
fluorspar, 193-194
fuller's earth, 278-279
grindstones and pulpstones, 269
gypsum, 283
iron, 154, 160-161, 163
manganese, 176
salt, 294
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
uranium and radium, 264
Great Britain, control of various minerals outside of British Isles,
64, 101, 104-105, 132, 152, 165, 178, 181, 183, 198, 210, 214,
222, 225, 232, 242, 247, 252, 256-257, 260, 275, 280
income taxes on mineral properties, 337, 339
laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343
participation of government in mineral trade, 388
relative position, in regard to supplies of minerals, 399
tendencies toward nationalization, 346
Great Plains, lignite, 118
pumice, 268
Greece, chromite, 178-179
emery, 268, 270
magnesite, 191-193
zinc, 214
Greenland, graphite, 280
Gregory, Herbert, 407, 413
Grimes, J. A., and Billingsley, Paul, 44
Grinding pebbles, 267, 268, 270, 398
Grindstones, 269
Ground-waters, composition of and relation to commercial use, 73-75
distribution and movement of, 68-72
influence in deposition of ore deposits, 41-42
relation to military operations, 78-79, 408, 410-411
relation to rock slides, 78, 416-417
source of, 68
Ground-water level, description of, 70
relation to oxide zone, 48
relation to zone of weathering, 22
Ground-water supply, relation of geology to, 75-76
Guano, 104, 106
Guatemala, chromite, 179
Guiana, bauxite, 242-243
Gulf Coast region, lignite, 118
petroleum, 132, 135, 137
salt, 298
sulphur, 110
_See also_ Louisiana, Texas, etc.
Gypsum, 100, 283-285, 397
Haas, Frank, 367, 369
"Head" of underground water, 71-73
Heikes, V. C., Butler, B. S., and Loughlin, G. F., 44, 55, 230
Highway building, application of geology to, 90-91
Holland, cement, 87
commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
_See also_ Dutch East Indies, etc.
Homestake Mine, South Dakota, gold ores, 229
Hones, 269
Hoover, Herbert C., 322
Hot springs, relation to ore-deposits, 40, 258-259
Hot waters, evidence of formation of ores by, 37-41
Huancavelica district, Peru, mercury ores, 258
Hudson River, physiographic problems in tunneling under, 415
Hudson's Bay, possible diamond field, 317
Humus, 94
Hunan Province, China, antimony ores, 249
Hungary, antimony, 247
natural gas, 151
_See also_ Austria-Hungary.
Hydrosphere, 18
Hypogene ores, use of term, 32-33
Idaho, coal, 117
lead, 39, 45, 209, 211, 212-213
monazite, 289
phosphates, 105
silver, 234
zinc, 214, 216
Idria, Austria-Hungary, mercury ores, 257
Igneous after-effects, ore-deposits formed as, 19-20, 36-46
Igneous rocks, formation of, 19
mineral deposits associated with, 19-20, 34-46
principal minerals of, 14-16
proportions of principal types, 17
relative abundance of, 17
weathering of, 20
Illinois, clay, 85
coal, 115, 117, 126
fluorspar, 194
limestone, 83
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
pyrite, 109
sand and gravel, 85
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
zinc, 216
Illinois Geological Survey, cooperative exploration for oil, 147, 306
Income tax, application to mineral properties, 336-339
India, bauxite, 242
India, bromine, 277
chromite, 178-179
coal, 115, 116
corundum, 268
diamond dust, 268
gypsum, 283
iron, 154, 164, 165
manganese, 174-176
mica, 286
monazite, 288, 289
petroleum, 128, 129
platinum, 238
salt, 294
zirconium, 189
Indiana, coal, 117, 126
hones, oilstones and whetstones, 269
limestones, 83
petroleum, 133, 135
Interest rate, as a guide in conservation, 364
choice of for valuation purposes, 233
limiting effect on acquirement of reserves, 334
International aspects of mineral resources, 2, 383-404
International Coal Commission, 387, 393, 402
International trade, in common rocks, 80
in minerals, 383-388
participation of governments, 388-390
Intrusive rocks, formation of, 19
Iowa, flint linings, 269
grinding pebbles, 268
gypsum, 284
zinc, 216
Ireland, bauxite, 242
Iron and coal, situation of western Europe under terms of Peace
Treaty, 400-403
Iron and steel, metallurgical processes, 158-159
Iron and steel industry, possible establishment on west coast of
United States, 155, 165
Iron cap, of sulphide deposits, 47, 109, 313
Iron ores, anti-conservational effect of war, 365
attempt to estimate reserves of continents, 322
exploration of in Lake Superior region, 323-326
general geologic and economic features, 8-9, 28, 34, 36, 47, 50,
52-53, 55-56, 58, 96, 153-156, 158-173, 397
litigation concerning Cuban, 349
metallogenic provinces and epochs, 308-309
outcrops, 312-313
taxation of in Lake Superior region, 335
use of magnetic surveys, 317-318
world reserves, 162-165, 360-361
Itabirite, 167
Italy, asbestos, 271, 272
asphalt and bitumen, 152
barite, 272
bauxite, 242
borax, 275
cement, 87
graphite, 280
manganese, 176
marble, 83
mercury, 256-257
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128
pumice, 268
salt, 294
sulphur, 109-110
talc, 299
zinc, 214-215
Italy, coal situation under Peace Treaty, 401
commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
relative position in regard to supplies of minerals, 399
Japan, arsenic, 250
cement, 87
chromite, 178-179
coal, 115, 117
copper, 197-198
gold, 222
graphite, 280
iron, 154, 160
manganese, 174
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128
silver, 232
sulphur, 109-110
tungsten, 183, 185
zinc, 214
Japan, control of various minerals in other countries, 64, 105, 154, 247
Jasper, 167
Java, manganese, 176
Jerome, Arizona, copper ores, 41, 47, 198, 204-205, 314
Joachimsthal, Bohemia, uranium and radium ores, 265
Joint Mineral Information Board, 406
Joplin district, Missouri, cadmium, 254
lead and zinc ores, 54-55, 209, 211, 214, 215, 216-219
Juneau, Alaska, gold ores, 229
Kansas, gypsite, 284
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
salt, 294
zinc, 215
Kaolin, 85, 398
Katamorphism, defined, 27, 57
Katanga, Belgian Congo, cobalt, 255
copper ores, 205
Kennecott, Alaska, copper ores, 36, 41, 47, 49, 200-201
Kentucky, asphalt and bitumen, 152, 153
coal, 117
fluorspar, 194
marble, 83
petroleum, 133
sandstone, 84
Kimberley, South Africa, diamonds, 291-292
Knox dolomite, Tennessee, zinc ores, 219
Korea, gold, 222
graphite, 280, 282
iron, 160
molybdenum, 186
tungsten, 183
Lacroix, Morris F., and Brooks, Alfred H., 404
Lake Superior copper ores, 36, 52, 200, 206
Lake Superior copper, silver, gold ores, occurrence in a metallogenic
province, 308
Lake Superior iron ores, 8, 47, 55-56, 160, 162, 163, 167-170, 309,
312-313
Lake Superior region, iron ore exploration in, 317-318, 323-326
Land grants in United States, retarding effect on exploration, 349
"Land-plaster", 100
Laterites, 172-173
Laws relating to mineral resources, 342-358
Lawton region, Pennsylvania, coal, 117
Lead and zinc, Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, 335-336
Lead ores, 36-50, 54-55, 209-213, 307, 308, 313-314, 361, 397
Leadville, Colorado, bismuth, 253
lead and zinc ores, 212, 216, 219-220
Leasing law, on public lands in western United States, 348
Leith, C. K., 323
Leith, C. K., and Mead, W. J., 45
Leith, C. K., and Van Hise, C. R., 56, 324
Lesher, C. E., and Smith, George Otis, 371, 372, 373, 375
Lignite, 118, 120, 122, 124
German development of, 379, 402
Lime, 82, 99-100, 397
Limestone, 15, 17, 23, 82-83, 89-90, 91
Lincolnshire district, England, iron ores, 161
Lindgren, W., 43
Lipari Islands, Italy, pumice, 268
Lithosphere, principal elements of, 13
principal minerals of, 14-16
principal rocks of, 16-17
Litigation, use of geologists in, 349-355, 357-358
Lode, application of legal term to diverse mineral deposits, 350
Long-wall system of coal mining, conservational aspect, 368
subsidence of overlying ground and resulting litigation, 357, 417
Longwy, France, iron ores, 161
Lorraine, iron ores, 52-53, 161-162, 163, 166, 364, 402-403
phosphate from Thomas slag, 104
Loughlin, G. F., Butler, B. S., and Heikes, V. C., 44, 55, 230
Louisiana, natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
salt, 298
sulphur, 110
Lower California, copper, 201
magnesite, 191-192
Luxemburg, coal situation under Peace Treaty, 401
iron ores, 160-162, 163
_See also_ under Lorraine, iron ores
Madagascar, corundum, 268
graphite, 280-282
Magmatic segregation, mineral deposits thus formed, 34-35, 59
Magmatic waters, evidence of formation of ores by, 37-41
Magnesite, 191-193, 397
Magnetic surveys in tracing mineral ledges, 317-318
Magnetite deposits, 34, 171, 191, 317-318
Maine, feldspar, 86
granite, 82
tourmaline, 293
Malay States, tin, 260-261
tungsten, 183
Manchuria, iron, 160
Mandatory countries, exploitation of minerals in, 390-391
Manganese ores, 47, 55, 173-178, 314, 386, 398
Mansfield shales, Germany, copper ores, 9, 52, 206
Mantle rock, 22
Mapimi, Mexico, arsenic production, 250
Marble, 83, 89-90
Marbut, Curtis F., 95
Marl, 83
Marquette district, Michigan, iron ore outcrops, 312
Maryland, diatomaceous earth, 269
serpentine, 83
Marysville, Utah, alunite deposits, 114
Mashing, 25-26
Massachusetts, granite, 82
serpentine, 83
McCoy, A. W., 142
Mead, Daniel W., 69, 77-78
Mead, W. J., 245
Mead, W. J., and Leith, C. K., 45
Mehl, M. G., 144
Menominee district, Michigan, iron ore outcrops, 312
Mercury ores, 40, 255-260, 398
Mesabi district, Minnesota, concentration of siliceous iron ores, 156
exploration for iron ores, 313, 318, 324, 325
Mesopotamia, petroleum, 128-130, 137, 391
Mesothorium, 288
Metallogenic provinces and epochs, 308-309
Metamorphic cycle and its relation to classification of mineral
deposits, 27-28
"Metamorphic rocks," defined, 27
Metamorphism, relation to economic geology, 10
use of principles of in exploration
for mineral deposits, 319-320
_See also_ Katamorphism, Anamorphism, Contact metamorphism,
Dynamic metamorphism, Weathering, etc.
Metasomatic replacement, 24
Metcalf-Morenci district, Arizona, copper ores, 38, 198
Meteoric waters, influence of in deposition of ore deposits, 25, 41-42
Mexico,
antimony, 247-248
arsenic, 250
cement, 87
copper, 197-198, 201, 203
gold, 222
graphite, 280-282, 283
lead, 210-211
magnesite, 191-192
mercury, 256, 258
molybdenum, 186
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128, 129, 137, 144
silver, 231-232, 233
vanadium, 188
zinc, 214-215
Mexico, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
Miami, Arizona, copper ores, 33, 47, 48, 198, 203, 208
Mica, 285-288, 398
Michigan,
bromine, 277
copper, 199
grindstones and pulpstones, 269
gypsum, 284
iron. _See_ Lake Superior iron ores, Gogebic district, etc.
limestone, 83
salt, 294, 297
Michigan, taxation of iron ores, 335
Midcontinent field, petroleum, 132, 135, 137, 141, 146
Military geology, preparation of textbook, 407
Military operations, relation of ground-waters to, 78-79
Millstones, 269
Minas Geraes, Brazil, iron ores, 52-53, 162, 165, 167, 313
Mineral deposits,
classification and general features of origin, 27-59
exploration and development, 301-327
origin as a factor in economic problems, 29-31, 322-323
outcrops, 311-317
secondary concentration, 46-50, 54-57
_See also_ under Iron ores, Copper ores, etc.
zonal arrangement, 42-45
Mineral industry,
basis for popular interest in, 328
"social surplus" of, 330
Mineral lands, classification, 309-311
Mineral paints, relative position of United States, 397
Mineral provinces and epochs, 308-309
Mineral resources,
conservation, 359-382
general quantitative considerations, 60-66
international aspects, 383-404
laws relating to, 342-358
nationalization, 345-347, 375-376, 377-378, 382
political and commercial control, 65
relative position of the United States in regard to supplies, 396-400
valuation and taxation, 328-341
world movement, 383-388
world reserves, 65-66
Mineralogy, relation to economic geology, 3
"Minette" iron ores, 158, 161, 166
Mining law, 342-358
Mining methods, control of by government or owners in interests of
conservation, 355
Minnesota,
granite, 82
iron. _See_ Lake Superior iron ores, Mesabi district, etc.
manganese, 175, 177
Minnesota, taxation of iron ores, 335
Mississippi Valley, cadmium, 254
lead and zinc ores, 54-55, 108, 211-212, 214, 215-219, 308, 313
Missouri, barite, 273-274
cadmium, 254
lead, 209, 211
silica for refractories, 195
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
zinc, 214, 215, 217-218
Molybdenum ores, 185-187, 397
Monazite, 288-289, 398
Montana, arsenic, 250-251
copper, 40, 42, 47, 49, 198-199, 201-203, 207, 208
gold, 222
graphite, 281, 283
manganese, 175, 176-177
petroleum, 133
phosphates, 105
sapphires, 293
silver, 42, 234, 237, 314
zinc, 42, 216, 219
Monte Amiata district, Italy, mercury ores, 257
Morenci-Metcalf district, Arizona, copper ores, 38, 198
Mother Lode district, California, gold ores, 229, 308, 316
Munitions Resources Commission of Canada, 404
Nancy, France, iron ores, 161
National Academy of Sciences, 407
National Conservation Commission, 367
National district, Nevada, antimony ores, 249
Nationalization of mineral resources 345-347, 375-376, 377-378, 382, 388
Natural abrasives, 267-270, 397
Natural gas, 57, 151
Nebraska, potash, 112, 114
Netherlands. _See_ Holland, Dutch East Indies, etc.
Nevada, alunite, 39, 41-42, 114
antimony, 247, 249
bismuth, 253
borax, 275, 276
copper, 41, 199, 203
diatomaceous earth, 269
gold, 36, 222, 230, 308, 311-312
graphite, 281
grinding pebbles, 268
mercury, 357
oil shales, 151
platinum, 239-240
silver, 36, 38, 234, 235-237, 308, 311-312
tungsten, 183
turquoise, 293
zinc, 216
New Almaden, California, mercury ores, 259
New Brunswick, gypsum, 283-284
New Caledonia, chromite, 178-179 nickel, 180-182
New Cornelia, Arizona, copper ores, 203
Newfoundland, iron ores, 52-53, 160, 166
laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 344
New Hampshire, fluorspar, 194
garnet, 268
mica, 287
New Idria, California, mercury ores, 259
New Jersey, arsenic, 250
basalt, 82
clay, 85
iron, 171
sand and gravel, 85
zinc, 215, 220
New Mexico, copper, 199, 203
fluorspar, 194
silver, 234
uranium and radium, 265-266
zinc, 216
New South Wales, Australia, bismuth, 252-253
coal, 115, 116
lead, 209, 210, 212
platinum, 238
zinc, 214, 216
New York,
arsenic, 250, 251
emery, 268, 270
garnet, 268
graphite, 281, 282
gypsum, 284
iron, 160, 162, 163, 171
limestone, 83
millstones and buhrstones, 269
petroleum, 132, 133
pyrite, 108
salt, 294, 297
sandstone, 84
talc, 299
New Zealand,
bismuth, 252
phosphates, 105
platinum, 238
tungsten, 183
New Zealand, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343
Nickel ores, 34-35, 180-182, 307, 308, 318, 398
Nitrates, 99-100, 101-104, 386, 392, 398
Nonesuch beds, Michigan, copper ores, 52, 206
North Africa,
iron, 156, 160, 161, 164
lead, 210
phosphates, 104, 105, 106
potash, 112
zinc, 214-215
North Carolina,
coal, 117
corundum, 268, 270
emeralds, 293
feldspar, 86
garnet, 268
granite, 82
mica, 287
monazite, 288, 289
rubies, 292
sand and gravel, 85
sapphires, 293
Northern Plains, coal, 118
Norway,
copper, 197-198
molybdenum, 186
nickel, 180
titanium, 190
zinc, 214
_See also_ Scandinavia.
Nova Scotia,
gypsum, 283-284
saddle-reef gold ores, 41
Oceania,
mercury, 258
phosphates, 105, 106
tin, 261
Ohio,
bromine, 277
clay, 85
coal, 117
grindstones and pulpstones, 269
gypsum, 284
hones, oilstones and whetstones, 269
limestone, 83
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 133
salt, 294
sand and gravel, 85
sandstone, 84
Oil. _See_ Petroleum.
Oil shales, 56, 139, 150-151
Oilstones, 269
Oklahoma,
asphalt, and bitumen, 152
gypsum, 284
lead, 211
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
zinc, 215
Ontario, Canada,
arsenic, 251
cobalt, 255
corundum, 270
mica, 286
nickel, 34-35, 180-182, 308, 312, 318
platinum, 238, 239
silver, 232, 234-235, 308, 316
talc, 299, 300
Ontario, Canada, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 344
Onyx marble, 83
Open-hearth process of steel making, 158-159
Ore deposits. _See_ Mineral deposits.
Oregon, borax, 275, 276
chromite, 179
mercury, 257
Origin of mineral deposits, as a factor in economic problems, 29-31,
322-323
Outcrops of mineral deposits, 311-316
Ownership laws, effect on exploration of mineral deposits, 347-349
relation of geology to, 349-355
Oxide zones, 22, 46-50, 313-314
_See also_ under Copper ores, Silver ores, etc.
Pablo Beach, Florida, titanium ores, 190-191
zirconium ores, 189
Pacific coast, possible establishment of iron and steel industry, 155,
165
Pacific coast province, coal, 117
Palegeography, relation to economic geology, 4
Paleontology, relation to economic geology, 4
Palestine campaign, use of geologic data, 409
Panama, manganese, 176
Panama Canal, slides, 416-417
Parker, E. W., and Campbell, M. R., 367, 370-371
Peace Conference, use of geologists in advisory capacity, 356, 406
Peace Treaty, coal and iron situation of western Europe under terms of,
117, 400-403
effect of terms on valuation problems, 335
Silesian lead and zinc ores, 210, 214
Pearls, 289-292
Peat, formation of, 123-124
Pegmatites, 19-20, 35, 39
Peneplains, formation of, 6
Pennsylvania, basalt, 82
clay, 85
coal, 115, 117, 126
flint linings, 269
graphite, 281
iron, 171
limestone, 83
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 133
sand and gravel, 85
sandstone, 84
serpentine, 83
silica for refractories, 195
slate, 85
Persia, petroleum 128-130, 137, 391
Peru, bismuth, 252
borax, 275
coal, 116
copper, 197-198
mercury, 258
molybdenum, 186
nitrates, 103
petroleum, 128, 137
phosphates, 106
silver, 232
tungsten, 183
vanadium, 187, 188
Petroleum, 57, 127-150, 307, 310, 386, 396, 398
Petroliferous provinces, 149, 308
Petrology, relation to economic geology, 3
Philipsburg, Montana, manganese and silver ores, 37, 175, 176-177, 237
Phosphates, 99-100, 104-107, 397
Physiography, general discussion and relations to economic geology, 6-10
_See also_ Topography.
Physiography, relation to bridge building, 413
relation to Hudson River tunnels, 415
relation to railway construction, 418
relation to river and harbor improvements, 414
Pisolites, 172
Pitch. _See_ Asphalt.
Pittman Silver Act, 233
Placers, formation of, 51
gold deposits in, 227
_See also_ Monazite, Platinum, Tin, Tungsten, and other minerals.
use in tracing mineral outcrops, 316-317
Plasticity of clay, 92
Platinum ores, 51, 237-240, 386, 398
Plumbago. _See_ Graphite.
Pogue, Joseph E., 100
Pogue, Joseph E., and Gilbert, Chester G., 119, 134, 138
Poland, lead and zinc, 210, 214
Political and commercial control of mineral resources, 65, 387-388
_See also_ under individual resources.
Porosity of rocks, 69, 141
Porphyry copper ores, 197, 199, 203
Portland cement. See Cement.
Portugal, arsenic, 250
copper, 197-198, 204
pyrite, 107-108
salt, 294
tungsten, 183
Potash, 86, 99-100, 111-114, 386, 398
Precious stones, 289-293, 398
Primary ore deposits, use of term, 32
Primary ores, relation to depth, 49
Propylitic alteration, 39, 236
Protore, use of term, 33, 48
"Proximate" analyses of coal, 120
Public domain, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources on,
343-344
Pulpstones, 269
Pumice, 267, 268, 270, 398
Puzzolan cement. See Cement.
Pyrite, 100, 107-109, 307, 386, 397
Pyrophyllite, 299
Quartz, as geologic thermometer, 38
geologic occurrence, 16, 38-39, 43, 45, 47, 168-169, 196
production and use, 84, 267, 269
Quartzite, 84, 91
Quebec, Canada, asbestos, 270-272
magnesite, 193
mica, 286
Quebec, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 344
Queensland, Australia, arsenic, 250
Quicksilver ores. _See_ Mercury ores.
Radium ores, 55, 263-266, 397
Railway construction, application of geology to, 417-418
Rambler, Wyoming, occurrence of platinum, 239
Ransome, F. L., 33, 208, 230
Ray, Arizona, copper ores, 33, 47, 48, 198, 203, 208
"Red Beds" copper ores, 9, 206
Registration, public, of drilling records, 305-306
Regulus, 247
Reparations Committee, 387, 393, 402
Replacement, metasomatic, 24
Reserves of mineral resources, 65-66, 359-363, 393-395
_See also_ under individual resources.
"Resource cost" of coal, reduction of in interests of conservation,
334, 375
Rhode Island, coal, 117
graphite, 281
Rhodesia, asbestos, 272
chromite, 178-179
Ries, H., and Watson, T. L., 413
Rio Tinto, Spain, copper ores, 204
pyrite, 108
Road building, application of geology to, 90-91, 418
"Rock flour," defined, 95
Rock slides, 78, 415-417
Rocks, common, as mineral resources, 80-84
Rocky Mountain region, coal, 117
petroleum, 132, 135
Room-and-pillar system of coal mining, modification for conservational
purposes, 368-369
Rottenstone, 267, 269
Roumania, graphite, 280
petroleum, 128, 129
Royal Ontario Nickel Commission, 181
Royalties on coal, reduction of in interests of conservation, 334, 375
Rubies, 289, 291-292
Russia, asbestos, 270-271, 272
cement, 87
chromite, 178-179
coal, 115, 127
copper, 197-198
gold, 222
iron, 155, 160-161, 163
manganese, 174-176
mercury, 256, 258
oil shales, 151
petroleum, 128-120, 137
phosphates, 104, 106
platinum, 238, 239
potash, 112
salt, 294
zinc, 214
Russia, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343
Russia, Asiatic, vanadium, 187
_See also_ Siberia.
Saar Basin, coal of, under Peace Treaty, 401
Salisbury, R. D., and Chamberlin, T. C., 415
Salt, 294-298, 397
Salt domes of Gulf Coast, 298
Sand, 15, 84, 267
Sand and gravel, 84-85
Sandstone, 15, 17, 23, 84, 90, 267, 269
Santa Rita, New Mexico, copper ores, 203
Sapphires, 289, 291, 293
Sargasso Sea theory, of deposition of lead and zinc sulphides, 217
Saxony, bismuth, 252
tin, 262
Scandinavia, molybdenum, 386
nitrogen-fixation plants, 102
Schistose structure, 26
Schlumberger, C., 319
Schuchert, Charles, 144
Schultz, Robert S., Jr., 417
Scotland, magnesite, 191
oil shales, 150
Searles Lake California, borax deposits, 276
potash deposits, 112, 113-114
Secondary enrichment, 7-8, 25, 46-50
_See also_ under Copper ores, Silver ores, etc.
Secondary ore deposits, use of term, 32
Sedigenetic deposits, use of term, 51
Sedimentary mineral deposits, unsolved problems, 9, 53, 56
Sedimentary rocks, formation of, 22-24, 96
mineral deposits associated with, 23, 51-57
principal minerals of, 15-16
proportions of principal types, 17
relative abundance of, 16
weathering of, 23
Sedimentation, relation to economic geology, 2
Segregation, magmatic, 34-35, 59
Sericitic alteration, 39
Serpentine, 83
Seward Peninsula, Alaska, tin ores, 261, 262
Shale, 15, 17, 23, 85, 90
Shasta County, California, copper ores, 204
Shipping Board, 356, 406
Siam, sapphires, 289, 293
tin, 260
tungsten, 183, 184
Siberia, emeralds, 293
gold, 222, 226
lead, 210
vanadium, 187
zinc, 214
Silesia, cadmium, 254
coal, under Peace Treaty, 401
lead and zinc ores, 54-55, 210, 211-212, 214-215, 216-218
Silica, 195-196, 267, 269
_See also_ Quartz, Quartzite, Sand, Sandstone, etc.
"Silt" (fine coal), use of, 370, 371
Silver ores, 36-50, 55, 231-237, 308, 313-314, 397
Silver Reef, Utah, deposits, 55
Slate, 85, 89
Slides, earth and rock, 78, 357, 415-417
Smelting capacity of world, 61
Smith, George Otis, 310, 367, 403
Smith, George Otis and Lesher, C. E., 371, 373, 373, 375
Smyrna, Turkey, emery, 268
Soapstone, 299-300
Societies, professional, standards of admission, 421-422, 428
Soils, classification, 97
composition, 96-97, 99
origin, 94-96
use of fertilizer minerals on, 99-101
use of geology in study of, 95-98
Sound waves, possible use in exploration, 319
South Africa, asbestos, 271, 272
cement, 87
coal, 116
cobalt, 255
copper, 197-198, 205
corundum, 268
diamond dust, 268
diamonds, 289, 291-292, 316
gold, 222-226, 228
iron, 154,164
mica, 286
tin, 260
vanadium, 187
South Africa, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343, 345
South America, cement, 87-88
coal, 116
lead, 210, 211
mercury, 258
zinc, 214
_See also_ under individual countries.
South America, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources,
343-344, 345
South Carolina, coal, 117
monazite, 288, 289
phosphates, 105, 107
South Dakota, gold, 222, 228, 229
quartzite, 84
tin, 262
tungsten, 183
Southern Graphite Association, 405
Southern Pacific Railway, litigation in regard to oil lands, 348
Spain, arsenic, 250
barite, 272
cement, 87
copper, 197-198, 204
garnet, 268, 270
iron, 154, 156, 160-161, 162, 163
lead, 210, 211-212
manganese, 174
mercury, 256-257, 259
phosphates, 104, 106
platinum, 238
potash, 111-113
pyrite, 107-108
salt, 294
silver, 232
sulphur, 109-110
zinc, 214-215
Spain, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
Spiegeleisen, 173-174
Springs, 72
Spurr, J. E., 43, 64, 403
Stassfurt, Germany, borax, 277
bromine, 278
potash, 111-112, 113, 296-297
salt, common, 296-297
Steel. _See_ Iron and steel
Stone. _See_ Building stone, Common rocks.
Storage of coal, 376
Stratigraphy, relation to economic geology, 4
Structural geology, relation to economic geology, 5
use of principles of in exploration for mineral deposits, 319-320
Structures of rocks, relation to earth stresses, 5
relation to topography, 7
Subsidence of ground over mining operations, geologic study of, 357, 417
Sudbury, Ontario, cobalt, 255
nickel ores, 34-35, 180-182, 308, 312, 318
platinum, 238, 239
Sulphide enrichment. _See_ Secondary enrichment.
Sulphur, 99-100, 109-111, 397
Sulphur Bank Springs, California, deposition of mercury by hot waters,
259
Supergene ores, use of term, 32, 33, 48
Surface water supplies, 76-78
Surface waters, application of geology to use of, 414
relation to excavation and construction, 78-79
Sweden, cement, 87
iron, 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163, 171
manganese, 176
phosphate from Thomas slag, 104
zinc, 214
_See also_ Scandinavia.
Switzerland, cement, 87
nitrogen fixation plants, 102
Syngenetic ore deposits, use of term, 32, 34, 51
Taconite, 167
Talc and soapstone, 299-300, 397
Tankage, use of phosphate content, 104
Tariffs, proposed, on mineral resources, 175-176, 179, 184, 192, 248,
257-258
Tariffs and duties, anti-conservational effect of, 362-363, 366, 375,
376, 393-394
Tasmania, bismuth, 252
platinum, 238
zinc, 214
Taxation of mineral resources, 1, 335-341
Tennessee, barite, 273
bauxite, 243, 245
copper, 204
flint linings, 269
marble, 83
petroleum, 132, 133
phosphates, 105, 107
zinc, 54-55, 216, 219
Terlingua district, Texas, mercury, 257, 259
Texas, asphalt and bitumen, 152
coal, 117
fuller's earth, 279
graphite, 281
gypsum, 284
mercury, 256, 257, 259
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135, 148
salt, 298
sulphur, 110
Thermal metamorphism. _See_ Contact metamorphism.
Thermal waters, 72
Thibet, borax, 275, 276
Thomas process of steel making, 158, 161
use of slag for phosphate content, 104, 106
Tin ores, 36-50, 51, 260-263, 307, 322, 386, 392, 398
Tintic, Utah, silver ores, 39, 42, 235, 251, 253
Titaniferous magnetites, 34, 171, 191
Titanium ores, 190-191, 398
Tonopah, Nevada, gold silver ores, 38, 234, 236-237, 308
Topographic cycle, description of, 6
Topography, relation to mineral deposits, 7-9, 314-315
relation to rock structures, 7
Tourmaline, 290, 293
Training in economic geology, 420-428
Transvaal, Africa, asbestos, 272
diamonds, 291
gold, 222, 223-225, 228
Trap-rock, 82
Travertine, 83
Treadwell Mine, Alaska, gold ores, 229
Trenches, military, application of geology to, 408, 410-411
Trinidad, asphalt, 152, 153
petroleum, 128
Tripoli, 267, 269, 398
Tungsten ores, 51, 182-185, 386, 398
Tunis, phosphates, 104-106
potash, 112
_See also_ North Africa.
Tunnels, application of geology to construction, 414-415
Turkey, borax, 275
chromite, 178-179
emery, 268, 270
Turquoise, 290, 293
Tuscany, Italy, borax deposits, 275
Umpleby, Joseph B., 383
Underground waters. See Ground-waters.
United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
United States, abrasives, natural, 267-270, 397, 398
aluminum, 242-245, 397
antimony, 247-248, 249, 398
arsenic, 250-251, 397
asbestos, 270-272, 398
asphalt and bitumen, 152, 397
barite, 273-274, 397
bauxite, 242-245, 397
bismuth, 252-253, 397
borax, 275, 276, 397
bromine, 277, 278, 397
cadmium, 253-254, 397
cement, 87-88, 397
chalk, 83, 398
chromite, 179, 398
coal, 115-118, 126, 127, 366-367, 397
common rocks, 82-88, 397
copper, 197-208, 396
corundum, 267-268, 270, 398
diatomaceous earth, 269, 398
emery, 267-268, 270, 397
feldspar, 86, 397
ferro-alloy minerals, general, 154-158
fertilizers, general, 100-101
fluorspar, 194, 397
fuller's earth, 278-279, 397
garnet, 268, 260, 398
gold, 222-230, 397
graphite, 279-283, 398
grinding pebbles, 268, 398
gypsum, 283-284, 397
iron, 158-163, 166-171, 397
lead, 209-213, 397
lime, 82-83, 397
magnesite, 191-193, 397
manganese, 174-177, 398
mercury, 256-259, 398
mica, 286-287, 398
mineral paints, 397
molybdenum ores, 186-187, 397
monazite, 288, 289, 398
natural abrasives, 267-270, 397, 398
natural gas, 151
nickel, 181, 398
nitrates, 102, 398
oil shales, 150-151
petroleum, 128-150, 396, 398
phosphates, 104-107, 397
platinum, 238-240, 398
potash, 112-114, 398
precious stones, 290, 292-293, 398
pumice, 268, 398
pyrite, 107-109, 397
salt, 294-298, 397
silica, 195-196
silver, 231-237, 397
stone, 82-88, 397
sulphur, 109-111, 397
talc, 299, 300, 397
tin, 261, 262, 398
titanium, 190-191, 398
tripoli, 269, 398
tungsten, 183-185, 398
uranium and radium, 264-266, 397
vanadium, 18, 188, 398
zinc, 214-220, 398
zirconium, 189, 398
United States, control of various minerals in other countries, 64, 102,
129, 152, 163-164, 165, 175, 180-181, 184, 187, 189, 191, 198,
222, 232, 238, 243, 261
laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343-345
quantitative feature of mineral production, 60-66
relative position in regard to supplies of minerals, 396-400
tendencies toward nationalization of mineral resources, 345-346
United States Bituminous Coal Commission, 376
United States Bureau of Mines, activities in the war, 406
literature or international mineral relations, 403
United States Geological Survey, activities in the war, 406, 407
classification of mineral lands, 310-311
employment by, 428
literature on international mineral relations, 403
United States Shipping Board, 356, 406
Uranium ores, 55, 263-264, 397
Utah, arsenic, 250, 251
asphalt and bitumen, 152
bismuth, 253
copper, 37, 42, 47, 55, 199, 203, 204, 207, 208, 314
gold, 222, 314
lead, 42, 211, 212
manganese, 55
oil shales, 151
phosphates, 105
potash, 112, 114
silver, 42, 55, 234, 235
uranium and radium, 55, 264, 265
vanadium, 55, 187-188
Utah, ore deposits, relation to intrusive stocks, 44
Vadose zone, 70
Valuation of Lorraine iron ores at Peace Conference, 364
Valuation of mineral resources, 81, 328-341, 396
Value, capital, of mineral resources, 64, 328
Value of United States mineral production and imports, 62
Value of world mineral production, 62-63
Vanadium ores, 55, 187-188, 398
Van Hise, C. R., 367, 374
Van Hise, C. R., and Leith, C. K., 56, 324
Vein, application of legal term to diverse mineral deposits, 350
Venezuela, asphalt, 152, 153
magnesite, 191-193
petroleum, 128
phosphates, 105
Verde district, Arizona. _See_ Jerome district.
Vermilion district, Minnesota, iron ore outcrops, 312
Vermont, granite, 82
marble, 83
serpentine, 83
slate, 85
talc, 299
Virginia, arsenic, 250, 251
emery, 268
manganese, 175
millstones and buhrstones, 269
pyrite, 108
talc and soapstone, 299, 300
titanium, 190
zinc, 54-55, 219
Virginia City, Nevada. _See_ Comstock Lode
Volcanic ash, use as abrasive, 270
Wabana, Newfoundland, iron ores, 52-53, 160, 166
Wales, coal, 126
War, anti-conservational effects of, 365-366
application of geology to, 405-412
effect on ad valorem valuations, 335
War Industries Board, 356, 406
War Minerals Committee, 406
War Trade Board, 356, 406
"Wash," use in tracing mineral outcrops, 316-317
Washington, arsenic, 250
chromite, 179
magnesite, 191-193
Water, applications of economic geology to, 68
as a mineral resource, 61, 62, 67-79
general geologic relations, 67-68
hygroscopic, defined, 68
of constitution, defined, 68
quantity absorbed by soils and rocks, 69
relative abundance of, 18
source of, 67
use of, litigation arising from, 357-358
_See also_ Ground-waters, Surface waters, Hot waters, Meteoric
waters, Magmatic waters.
Water power, possibilities of substituting for coal, 378-379
Water supplies, 72-78
Water supply maps for military use, 411-412
Water table, defined, 70
_See also_ Ground-water level.
Waters, thermal, 72
Watson, T. L., and Ries, H., 413
Weathering, of igneous rocks and veins, 20-22
of igneous rocks, formation of mineral deposits by, 50
of mineral deposits, 46-50
of sedimentary rocks, 23-24
production of clay by, 91
production of soils by, 94-96
zone of, 70
Welfare work, in interests of conservation, 372-373
Wells, 72-73
West Africa, gold, 222
manganese, 176
West Indies, cement, 87
phosphates, 105, 106
salt, 294
West Virginia, bromine, 277
coal, 117
grindstones and pulpstones, 269
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133
Whetstones, 269
White, David, 128, 129, 140, 143, 146
White Signal district, New Mexico, uranium and radium ores, 265-266
Wisconsin, artesian wells, 73
diamonds in glacial drift, 292, 317
granite, 82
iron. _See_ Lake Superior iron ores, Gogebic district, etc.
quartzite, 82, 84, 195
zinc, 216
Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, 335-336
taxation of iron ores, 335
Witwatersrand, South Africa, gold ores, 228
Wolfram ores. _See_ Tungsten ores.
Woodward, H. B., 69
Wyoming, chromite, 179
oil shales, 151
petroleum, 133
phosphates, 105
platinum, 239
potash, 112
uranium and radium ores, 265
Yellow Pine district, Nevada, platinum ores, 239-240
Yellowstone Park, springs and geysers of, 72
Zinc and lead ores, Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, 335-336
Zinc ores, 36-50, 54-55, 213-220, 308, 313-314, 398
Zinc Syndicate, German, 215
Zirconium ores, 189-190, 398
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| Page 179 Guatemela changed to Guatemala |
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| Page 433 Afrcia changed to Africa |
| Page 434 Winconsin changed to Wisconsin |
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End of Project Gutenberg's The Economic Aspect of Geology, by C. K. Leith