354. Steel Otter Trap, 1876. USNM 4772; 1966. This trap has _Agricultural Implements and Machines in the Collection of the National Museum of History and Technology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology, No. 17

spring and a jaw spread of 5-1/2 inches. Gift of Oneida Community, New

York.

355. Steel Fox Trap, 1876. USNM 4772; 1966. This steel, No. 2 fox trap

has a double spring and a jaw spread of 4-7/8 inches. Gift of Oneida

Community, New York.

356. Steel Mink Trap, 1876. USNM 4772; 1966. This trap has a single

spring and a jaw spread of 4-7/8 inches. Gift of Oneida Community, New

York.

357. Steel Muskrat Trap, 1876. USNM 4772; 1966. This muskrat trap has a

single spring and a jaw spread of 4 inches. Gift of Oneida Community,

New York.

358. Steel Rat Trap, 1876. USNM 4772; 1966. This trap has a single

spring and a jaw spread of 3-1/2 inches. Gift of Oneida Community, New

York.

359. Bottle of 2,4-D Herbicide, 1944. USNM 268668; 1966. This bottle

contains a small amount of the original purchase of 2,4-D by the U. S.

Department of Agriculture from the American Chemical and Paint Company

of Ambler, Pennsylvania, in 1944. It cost $12.50 a pound at the time.

Scientists at the Department of Agriculture used the material in

extensive experiments on plant growth inhibitors. Subsequently, 2,4-D

became the most common chemical used for weed killing. Gift of Dr. J. W.

Mitchell, University of Maryland, through Gale Peterson, University of

Maryland.

360. Winnowing Machine, mid 19th century. USNM 270009; 1966. Typical

mid-19th-century fanning mill with vibrator cleaner. Gift of Mrs. Henry

C. Slunt, Hyattsville, Maryland.

361. Winnowing Machine, mid 19th century. USNM 270009; 1966. Typical

mid-19th-century fanning mill with screen vibrator cleaner. Gift of Mrs.

Henry C. Slunt, Hyattsville, Maryland.

[Illustration: Figure 29.--John Deere Model D tractor, 1923. (Catalog

No. 362.)]

362. John Deere Model D Tractor, 1923. USNM 270865; 1967. The John Deere

Model D was the first tractor of the line bearing that name. The

Waterloo Tractor Works, Waterloo, Iowa, made the tractor in 1923. Gift

of Deere & Company, Moline, Illinois, through George F. Neiley.

363. Waterloo Boy Model N Tractor, 1918. USNM 270864; 1967. The Waterloo

Boy tractor was manufactured first as Model R, in 1914, and then as

Model N, beginning in 1918. The Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company of

Waterloo, Iowa, made the Waterloo Boy. It was the first tractor marketed

by the John Deer Company, which acquired the Waterloo Gasoline Engine

Company in 1918. The Waterloo Boy continued to be produced by John Deere

Company until 1923, when that company brought out its own Model D. Gift

of Deere & Company, Moline, Illinois, through George F. Neiley.

[Illustration: Figure 30.--Cheese press. (Catalog No. 364.)]

364. Cheese Press, late 19th century. USNM 170886; 1967. Small, wooden,

hand-operated cheese press, dating from the late 19th century but not

unlike those in use a century before. Gift of Carlton M. Gunn,

Sunderland, Massachusetts, through Allister F. MacDougall.

365. Gas-Turbine Tractor, 1965. USNM 274549; 1967. This HT-340

experimental gasoline turbine tractor operates with a hydrostatic

transmission. It is air-cooled and has no brakes, gears, or clutch. The

90-pound motor produces 85 hp. It tended to rear back because of its

excessive power and so could not be put into commercial production until

a less-powerful engine had been developed. Gift of International

Harvester Company, through John J. Dierbeck.

[Illustration: Figure 31.--Fitzhenry-Guptill power sprayer (1908), seen

here spraying for elm leaf beetles on the grounds of the U.S. Capitol,

May 1911. (Catalog No. 366.)]

366. Fitzhenry-Guptill Power Sprayer, 1908. USNM 275103; 1967. This is

the first power sprayer used by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. It

was built in 1908 and used to spray for gypsy moths in New England. It

was horse-drawn and had a 2-cylinder mounted engine to furnish power for

the sprayer. Gift of U. S. Department of Agriculture, through E. D.

Burgess.

367. Truck Seat, about 1921. USNM 276080; 1967. This truck seat,

invented and manufactured by the Bostrom Corporation, is significant

because of its suspension system, which gave greater comfort and

convenience to the driver and came to be used in many truck and tractor

lines of several manufacturers. Gift of Bostrom Corporation, Milwaukee,

Wisconsin, through Karl Bostrom.

368. Tractor Seat, about 1921. USNM 276080; 1967. A suspension seat for

tractors produced by the Bostrom Corporation in 1921. It was used first

on the Oliver tractor. All seats now used on tractors derived from this

basic design. Gift of Bostrom Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, through

Karl Bostrom.

369. Hog Snouter, late 19th century. USNM 275604; 1968. The snouter is a

scissors-like device for clamping a ring in the pig's nose. The ring

prevents the animal from rooting under or against fences. Gift of Mr.

and Mrs. George E. Morgenstern of Lake Forest, Illinois.

370. One-Way Disk Plow, about 1924. USNM 277629; 1968. Invented in the

1920s but declared unpatentable by the Patent Office, the one-way disk

plow became commonplace in the dry farming areas of the Great Plains.

The disks, set at an angle, cast less furrow than a moldboard plow. This

specimen is a reconstruction of the original. Gift of Francis Angell,

Plains, Kansas.

371. Wine Press, about 1884. USNM 279451; 1968. The donor's father

brought this wine press to the United States from Rheinfeldon,

Switzerland, in 1884. Gift of Mrs. Clara Bieber, Washington, D. C.

372. Mill Picks, late 19th century. USNM 279452; 1968. Steel picks used

to repair and sharpen grooves in millstones. Gift of C. W. Wimberly, San

Marcos, Texas.

373. Seamless Flour Sack, late 19th century. USNM 279452; 1968. A fairly

typical flour sack of the time, although sacks with seams were more

common. Gift of C. W. Wimberly, San Marcos, Texas.

374. Sorghum Cane Mill, late 19th century. USNM 280276; 1968. A steel,

horse-powered mill, about 4 feet high and 3 feet in circumference, for

crushing sorghum stalks to produce syrup; factory made. Gift of Mrs.

Emery L. Stout, Lost Creek, West Virginia.

375. Midget Incubator, about 1945. USNM 280277; 1968. Midget incubator

and literature pertaining to it. This incubator was patented by E. A.

Braun in 1945 (Patent 2,583,993). It was made for educational purposes

for schools and laboratories and for use in private homes to germinate

seeds, microscopic organisms, etc. Gift of E. A. Braun, Chatham, New

Jersey.

376. Ten-Gallon Milk Can, 1920s or later. USNM 282324; 1968. An

unexceptional milk can of about 1920, with the more common type of lid.

It was found at the farm of Malcolm Brumback, near Belle Grove

Plantation, Middleton, Virginia. Purchased.

377. Hand Corn Shuckers, late 19th century. USNM 282324; 1969. Seven

hand corn shuckers, each consisting of a spike attached to a handle

which fits over the hand. These are quite typical and of a type used for

over a century. Gift of John N. Hoffman, Washington, D. C.

378. Model Toy Tractors, 1968. USNM 282697; 1969. Ten model toy

tractors, authentic as to outward details: (1) Caterpillar D6, (2) A. C.

Crawler, (3) Minneapolis-Moline, (4) Oliver, (5) Case, (6)

Allis-Chalmers, (7) G-1000 Vista, (8) Ford, (9) I. H. Hay Baler, (10)

Ford set. Gift of Ertl Company, Dyersville, Iowa, through Fred Ertl, Jr.

379. Sidehill Plow (Knapp), late 19th century. USNM 282926; 1969.

Sidehill plow patented and manufactured by the Knapps. The plow can be

flipped over at the end of the row to cast all the furrows in one

direction when plowing on hills. One of several variations on the idea.

This is a copy of a 19th-century plow. Gift of N. E. Knapp, through

Leslie O. Merrill of San Mateo Historical Association, San Mateo,

California.

380. Crop Meter, about 1925. USNM 283306; 1969. This crop meter was

developed in 1925 by the Department of Agriculture as an aid in

estimating the acreage of cotton in Mississippi. The crop meter was

attached to the dashboard of an automobile and connected by cable to the

odometer. A circuitous route was followed through the cotton area, and

when the driver came to the edge of a cotton field he pushed a button

which started the meter measuring the frontage of the field. The total

mileage registered could be interpreted in terms of the acreage. The

meter method was later replaced by aerial observation. Gift of

Statistical Reporting Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, through

Harry C. Trelogan.

381. Cotton Boll Weigher, about 1930. USNM 283306; 1969. A cylinder,

2-1/2 feet high, for measuring the size of a cotton boll by water

displacement. When this device was used in conjunction with the crop

meter, the actual fiber yield of a year's crop could be estimated. Gift

of Statistical Reporting Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

382. Viking Garden Tractor, about 1916. USNM 287592; 1969. A garden

tractor with a gasoline engine and equipped with cultivator prongs. The

operator walked behind the tractor and guided it down the rows. Gift of

Woodson High School, Fairfax, Virginia.

383. Clam Rake, mid 20th century. USNM 284898; 1969. A small rake, with

tines about 10 inches long and a handle of about 2 feet, used by a clam

digger on Cape Cod. Gift of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., West Barnstable,

Massachusetts.

[Illustration: Figure 32.--Scale model of Aultman-Taylor steam tractor

of 1892. (Catalog No. 384.)]

384. Model of Aultman-Taylor Steam Tractor, 1892. USNM 285053; 1969.

This scale model is fully operative and correct in every detail. It is

about 3 feet long, 1 foot high, and 6 inches wide. Gift of Mrs. Raymond

Stout, Washington, D. C.

385. Maps of U. S. National Forests, 1908. USNM 284897; 1969. Eight

maps. Regional maps of forest reserves in the U. S. and territories as

of 1908. Transferred from Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering,

National Museum of History and Technology.

386. Corn Sheller, late 19th century. USNM 285052; 1969. This

factory-made implement is all wood except for the teeth and gears. It

could handle only one ear of corn at a time and it was neither shaped

properly nor adjustable enough to get the nubbins. Gift of Daniel

Gartling, Cockeysville, Maryland.

387. Grass Mower, about 1930. USNM 285052; 1969. This mower,

manufactured by International Harvester, has a gasoline engine. The

cutters are similar to mower and reaper cutter-bars, but there is no

protective cover on the cutting mechanism. Gift of Daniel Gartling,

Cockeysville, Maryland.

388. Spring-Toothed Harrow, early 20th century. USNM 285052; 1969. This

was a commonplace implement of its type and period. The steel frame,

measuring about 4 feet by 4 feet, was designed to be linked into gangs

of harrows, of whatever size desired, and to be pulled by horses or

tractors. Made by J. I. Case Company. Gift of Daniel Gartling,

Cockeysville, Maryland.

389. McCormick-Deering Cream Separator, 1920s. USNM 285052; 1969. A

hand-powered, centrifugal cream separator commonly found on dairy and

other farms all over the country in the late 19th century and early 20th

century. The original owner kept this specimen for replacement parts but

he never needed it for that purpose. It is complete and fully

operational. Gift of Daniel Gartling, Cockeysville, Maryland.

390. Hay Baler, mid 19th century. USNM 286522; 1969. A horse-drawn

screw-press that packed the hay, which was then tied by hand. This

baler, 7 feet square and 15 feet high, is similar to machines advertised

in the 1850s that were largely superseded in the 1870s. Gift of John

Hosford, Stone Ridge, New York.

391. Grass Sickles, about 1884. Received in 1969. Two ordinary grass

sickles. Gift of T. H. Bean, Barnridge, Pennsylvania, in 1884.

Transferred from Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution.

392. Grain Clips, about 1894. Received in 1969. Gift of "D.E.T." in

1894. Transferred from Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian

Institution.

393. Wright's Patented Expansion Bit, 19th century. Received in 1969.

Woodworking tool, a drill. Gift of N. Materville of Connecticut Valley

in 1917. Transferred from Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian

Institution.

394. Heavy Knife, late 19th century. Received in 1969. A knife for

cutting hay and straw. From Beardsly Scythe Company. Transferred from

Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution.

395. Grain Drill, 1900-1910. USNM 287135; 1969. This wheeled, wooden

seed box, with metal disks to open the soil, drilled about seven rows at

a time. The drill was designed to be horse-drawn, but this specimen has

been modified to be pulled by a tractor. The brand name "Hoosier"

appears on the box. Gift of Innes Saunders, Leesburg, Virginia.

396. Mowing Machine, 1900-1910. USNM 287135; 1969. A horse-drawn,

McCormick-Deering sulky mower that later was modified to be pulled by a

tractor. This mower is representative of machines in the last years of

the horse era in American farming. Gift of Innes Saunders, Leesburg,

Virginia.

397. Corn Cultivator, 1900-1910. USNM 287135; 1969. A McCormick-Deering

four-shovel corn cultivator with two arms for working two rows at once.

Gift of Innes Saunders, Leesburg, Virginia.

398. Corn Cutter, 1900-1919. USNM 287135; 1969. A McCormick-Deering,

horse-drawn corn cutter. The rider grabbed the corn stalks in his arms

while a blade cut the stalks on the ground. This implement was used

chiefly to cut fodder for livestock. Gift of Innes Saunders, Leesburg,

Virginia.

399. Fanning Mill, 1900-1910. USNM 287135; 1969. A hand-operated, wooden

fanning mill with hurdle, screen, grader, and side spout. The separator

and winnower are combined. Gift of Innes Saunders, Leesburg, Virginia.

400. Hay Rake, 1900-1910. USNM 287135; 1969. A McCormick-Deering sulky

rake with spring steel teeth and a hand-operated dumping mechanism. Gift

of Innes Saunders, Leesburg, Virginia.

401. Book: The Growth of Industrial Art, 1892. USNM 287863; 1969. This

200-page book by Benjamin Butterworth was printed at the Government

Printing Office, Washington, D. C., in 1892. It contains line drawings

of many agricultural tools and implements, some of them ancient. Gift of

William Perkins, Hyattsville, Maryland.

402. Corn Huskers, early 20th century. USNM 287593; 1969. These huskers

fit over the hand like a glove without fingers. A steel hook in the palm

removed the corn husks. Similar devices date back to at least the early

19th century. Gift of Melvin Deschner, Halstend, Kansas.

403. Corn Huskers, late 19th century. USNM 287591; 1969. Similar to the

huskers in Number 402. Gift of Cecil Eberle, Newton, Kansas.

404. Milking Machine, about 1950. USNM 287862; 1969. A McCormick-Deering

milking machine with four suction cups that worked from a

gasoline-powered vacuum pump. It is a machine typical of its time and

place. Gift of Conrad Lawlor, Madrid, Iowa.

[Illustration: Figure 33.--International Harvester spindle cotton

picker, 1942. (Catalog No. 405.)]

405. Mechanical Cotton Picker, 1942. USNM 288163; 1970. International

Harvester Model H-10-H, single-row, spindle cotton picker of 1942. The

Model H-10-H, developed in 1941, was the first commercially successful

spindle picker. It is about 13 feet high and weighs about 4 tons. This

machine and its successors completely transformed the cotton farming

industry and led to the destruction of the share-cropping system. Gift

of Producers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, California, through International

Harvester Corporation.

406. Duplicator, late 19th century and early 20th century. USNM 290936;

1970. This duplicator, a tube about 2-1/2 inches in diameter and about

12 inches long, was used to copy farm records. The user wrote on paper

with an indelible pencil. The original paper and copy papers were placed

between two water-soaked linen leaves and all was rolled up on a wooden

spool. Then the spool was inserted in the tube and left for a few

minutes until the penciled ink stained through the wet papers and thus

made copies. This specimen was used on a farm in Virginia. Gift of Mrs.

Arthur Z. Gardiner, McLean, Virginia.

407. Orchard Ladder, 20th century. USNM 290936; 1970. This ladder, about

9 feet high and with 10 steps, narrows toward the top. Adjustable legs

allowed it to be moved forward or backward for the desired positions in

fruit picking. Gift of Mrs. Arthur Z. Gardiner, McLean, Virginia.

408. Tobacco, 1969. USNM 291350; 1970. Leaves of tobacco, a plug of

tobacco for chewing, and a leaf roll of tobacco. Gift of Mrs. Wanda

White, Thurmond, North Carolina.

409. John Deere Garden Tractor, 1963. USNM 275276; 1970. The first

garden tractor-riding lawn mower made by John Deere Company in 1963.

Called the 110, it is a typical suburban tractor with a 7-horsepower

engine and forward and reverse gears. Gift of John Deere Company,

Moline, Illinois, through George Neiley.

410. Montamower Lawn Mower, 1923. USNM 293356; 1970. This lawn mower,

made by Montamower Co., Traverse City, Michigan, has 16 rotary blades

that are about 2 inches in diameter. The blades are set in a frame and

are geared to the same number of wheels on the ground. The machine was

patented on August 21, 1923. Gift of Andrew Corle, Chevy Chase,

Maryland.

411. "Cyclone" Seeder, early 20th century. USNM 292872; 1971. A

crank-operated broadcast seeder that the farmer carried as he walked

across the field. Gift of Mrs. Alice Wiser, College Park, Maryland.

412. Straw Beehive, 20th century. USNM 296260; 1971. This skep (a

beehive made of woven straw) was made in the 1950s but is of a sort that

has been used since ancient times. Gift of A. G. Woodson Company, Grand

Rapids, Michigan.

413. Apple Cider Press, about 1875. Received in 1971. This "Buckeye"

press, made mostly of wood, was manufactured by the P. P. Mast Company

of Springfield, Ohio. Many presses of this design were used throughout

the country. Gift of Mrs. S. D. Mottley, Marshall, Virginia.

[Illustration: Figure 34.--Roberts-Mackensen bee insemination

instrument, 1944. (Catalog No. 414.)]

414. Roberts-Mackensen Bee Insemination Instrument, 1944. USNM 295414;

1971. This stainless steel device holds the queen bee while the

technician performs the operation. Controlled breeding of bees has

resulted in hardy and gentle breeds and greater production of honey.

Gift of Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois, through Charles Dadant.

Index to the Catalog

(All numbers refer to catalog entries, not to pages)

A. G. Woodson Co., 412

A & P Co., donor, 72

Abbot, Charles G., donor, 27

Agriculture, Department of, donor, 45, 46, 48-53, 55, 99, 366, 380,

381, 385

Allis, T. W., 298

Allis-Chalmers crawler tractor, 378

American Chemical and Paint Co., 359

American Philosophical Society, 88, 207

Angell, Francis, donor, 370

Animals, see Livestock

Animal husbandry, 253, 369, 390

Anthropology, Department of Smithsonian Institution, donor, 391, 392,

394

Anvil, Korean, 6

Apples, implements used in connection with, 222, 243, 413

Apiary, 99, 412

Artificial insemination of bees, 414

Arthur, B. F., donor, 44

Aultman-Taylor steam tractor, 406

Auth Provision Co., donor, 56, 57

Avery Bulldog tractor, 142

Axe, meat, 59;

tobacco, 259

Babcock butterfat tester, 68, 230

Bailey, Jeremiah, 170

Bailey mower, 170

Baker, George, 281

Baker Perfect barbed wire, 281

Baking, 93

Baldwin's Improved American Fodder Cutter, 218

Baler, 261, 390

Bananas, 71

Barbed wire, 44, 208, 209, 248, 279-339

Barley, forks for, 132, 274

Barrel, churn, 92, 347;

tobacco, 349

Bar share, 111

Basket, winnowing, 18, 141

Bate, William S., 296

Bean, T. H., donor, 391

Beans, equipment for, 74

Bear, trap for, 351

Beardsly Scythe Co., donor, 394

Beaver, trap for, 353

Becker, Herman, donor, 257

Bees, 99, 412, 414

Bein, Thomas W., donor, 218

Bell, Patrick, 174

Bell reaper, 174

Bell(s), cow, 108; turkey, 266

Bench, for lard press, 115;

saddler's, 342

Bieber, Mrs. Clara, donor, 371

Billings, Frank, 323

Billings' Simple barbed wire, 323

Binder, grain, 252

Binder's rake, 120

Bit, expansion, 393

Blacksmith, Korean, 6, 7

Blake, John B., donor, 209, 225-231

Blount, Henry F., donor, 9

Blount's plow, 9

Boll, cotton, 381

Book, farm copy, 103

Booth, Benjamin, 287, 338

Borden, Gail, 26

Borden Company, donor, 26

Bostrom, Karl, 367, 368

Bostrom Corporation, donor, 367, 368

Bowl, 117

Boyce, James, 16

Brace, butcher's, 240

Braid, horsewhip, 109

Branding iron, 267

Brandon, Milton J., donor, 258

Braun, E. A., donor, 375

Breaker, cheese curd, 90, 161, 239;

flax, 343

Bridle bits, 107

Brierton, Joseph, 42

Brink-Martelle barbed wire, 295

Brinkerhoff, Jacob, 300, 302, 316

Brinkerhoff, John J., 295

Brinkerhoff, Warren M., 300, 302, 316

Brink Flat barbed wire, 300, 316, 339

Brink Twist barbed wire, 302

British barbed wire, 334

Broadcast seeder, 165, 213, 258, 411

Brotherton, J., 280-287

Brown, Edwin, donor, 47

Brown, Frank A., donor, 11

Brown, James W., donor, 118-121

Brown, Ruth, 198-200

Brumback, Malcolm, 377

Brush cutter, 298

Buckeye cider press, 413

Buckthorn barbed wire, 298

Buggy rake, 69

Bulldog tractor, Avery, 142

Burgess, E. D., 366

Burnell, Arthur, 326

Burnell's Four Point barbed wire, 326

Butcher, table for, 116;

tools of, 56-67, 240

Butter, implements used in preparing, 68, 82, 92, 95, 140, 230, 345, 347,

348

Butterfat tester, 68, 230

Butterworth, Benjamin, 401

Byrne, Mrs. Henry H., donor, 232

Cane mill, sugar, 100;

sorghum syrup, 374

Canning, pan for, 26

Cape Cod clam rake, 383

Carey plow, 23, 46, 127

Carrier for hayfork, 184

Caterpillar tractor, 378

Catholic University of America, donor, 106-110

Cattle, dehorner for, 253;

branding iron for, 267

Centrifugal cream separator, 8, 19, 411

Champion barbed wire, 297

Cheese making, implements for, 90, 161, 239, 364

Childs, H. M., 140

China, plow from, 45

Churns, 82, 92, 140, 347, 348

Cider mill and press, 222, 413

Cigars, 166

Clam rake, 383

Clark, K. E., donor, 264

Cleavers, 57, 58

Clement, Robert E., 242

Climpson, Mrs. Harley, donor, 206

Clow, William M., 319

Coffee, 72

Cole, H. C, donor, 233

Collars for turkeys, 266

Colter plow, 47

Combine, horse-drawn, 241

Condensed milk, 26

Connelly, Joseph H., 320

Cookie roller, 93

Cooley creamer, 33

Cooper, Minner J., donor, 259

Corle, Andrew, donor, 410

Corn, tools and machines for, 75, 80, 178-182, 190, 194, 212, 218, 221,

278, 377, 386, 397, 398, 402, 403

Corman, Ivor, donor, 238-240

Corsicana Clip barbed wire, 317

Cotton, implements used in connection with, 37, 235, 341, 380, 381, 405

Cow, bell for, 108;

milker for, 39, 40

Cradle, grain harvesting, 32, 69, 91, 104, 119, 130, 143

Crandall, Edward M., 282, 297

Crank, tractor, 125

Cream, implements used for, 8, 19, 33, 68, 230, 391;

354. Steel Otter Trap, 1876. USNM 4772; 1966. This trap has a double