of the Columbian University, vice-president Bartlett in the chair.
Paper: Patagonia, by Mr. W. E. Curtiss.
_Third Regular Meeting, March 17, 1888_.--Held in the Assembly Hall of
the Cosmos Club, the president, Mr. Hubbard, in the chair.
Paper: Physical Geography of the Sea, by Commander J. R. Bartlett.
_Fourth Regular Meeting, March 31, 1888_.--Held in the Assembly Hall of
the Cosmos Club, the president, Mr. Hubbard, in the chair.
Discussion was had on the proposed Physical Atlas of the United States,
participated in by Messrs. Gannett, Gilbert, Ogden, Greely, Marcus
Baker, Willis, Bartlett, Merriam, Ward, Henshaw and Abbe.
_Fifth Regular Meeting, April 13, 1888_.--Held in the Assembly Hall of
the Cosmos Club, vice-president Merriam in the chair.
The discussion of the proposed Physical Atlas of the United States was
continued, and was participated in by Messrs. Marcus Baker, Greely,
Willis, Cosmos Mindeleff, Gilbert Thompson, Kenaston, Gannett and Van
Deman.
Paper: The Survey of the Coast, by Mr. Herbert G. Ogden.--(_Published
in Vol. 1, No. 1, "National Geographic Magazine."_)
_Sixth Regular Meeting, April 27, 1888_.--Held in the Assembly Hall of
the Cosmos Club, the president, Mr. Hubbard, in the chair.
Papers: The Great Storm of March 11-14, 1888, by Gen. A. W. Greely and
Mr. Everett Hayden.--(_Published in Vol. 1, No. 1, "National Geographic
Magazine."_)
Geographic Methods in Geologic Investigation, by Prof. W. M.
Davis.--(_Published in Vol. 1, No. 1, "National Geographic Magazine."_)
_Seventh Regular Meeting, May 11, 1888_.--Held in the Assembly Hall of
the Cosmos Club, vice-president Merriam in the chair.
Papers: The Survey and Map of Massachusetts, by Mr. Henry
Gannett.--(_Published in Vol. 1, No. 1, "National Geographic
Magazine."_)
Graphic Triangulation, by Mr. W. D. Johnson.
_Eighth Regular Meeting, May 25, 1888_.--Held in the Assembly Hall of
the Cosmos Club, vice-president Merriam in the chair.
Papers: The Classification of Geographic Forms by Genesis, by Mr. W. J.
McGee.--(_Published in Vol. 1, No. 1, "National Geographic Magazine."_)
The Classification of Topographic Forms, by Mr. G. K. Gilbert.
The North Winds of California, by Mr. Gilbert Thompson.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION.
This is to Certify that we whose names are hereunto subscribed,
citizens of the United States, and a majority of whom are citizens of
the District of Columbia, have associated ourselves together pursuant
to the provisions of the Revised Statutes of the United States relating
to the District of Columbia, and of an act of Congress entitled: "An
Act to amend the Revised Statutes of the United States relating to the
District of Columbia and for other purposes," approved April 23, 1884,
as a Society and body corporate, to be known by the corporate name of
the National Geographic Society, and to continue for the term of one
hundred years.
The particular objects and business of this Society are: to increase
and diffuse geographic knowledge; to publish the transactions of the
Society; to publish a periodical magazine, and other works relating to
the science of geography; to dispose of such publications by sale or
otherwise; and to acquire a library, under the restrictions and
regulations to be established in its By-Laws.
The affairs, funds and property of the corporation shall be in the
general charge of Managers, whose number for the first year shall be
seventeen, consisting of a President, five Vice Presidents, a Recording
Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer and eight other
members, styled Managers, all of whom shall be chosen by ballot at the
annual meeting. The duties of these officers and of other officers and
standing committees, and their terms and the manner of their election
or appointment shall be provided for in the By-Laws.
GARDINER G. HUBBARD. J. W. POWELL.
C. E. DUTTON. HENRY GANNETT.
O. H. TITTMANN. A. H. THOMPSON.
J. HOWARD GORE. A. W. GREELY.
C. HART MERRIAM. HENRY MITCHELL.
J. R. BARTLETT. GEORGE KENNAN.
ROGERS BIRNIE, JR. MARCUS BAKER.
GILBERT THOMPSON.
BY-LAWS.
ARTICLE I.
NAME.
The name of this Society is the "NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY."
ARTICLE II.
OBJECT.
The object of this Society is the increase and diffusion of geographic
knowledge.
ARTICLE III.
MEMBERSHIP.
The members of this Society shall be persons who are interested in
geographic science. There may be three classes of members, active,
corresponding and honorary.
Active members only shall be members of the corporation, shall be
entitled to vote and may hold office.
Persons residing at a distance from the District of Columbia may become
corresponding members of the Society. They may attend its meetings,
take part in its proceedings and contribute to its publications.
Persons who have attained eminence by the promotion of geographic
science may become honorary members.
Corresponding members may be transferred to active membership, and,
conversely, active members may be transferred to corresponding
membership by the Board of Managers.
The election of members shall be entrusted to the Board of Managers.
Nominations for membership shall be signed by three active members of
the Society; shall state the qualifications of the candidate; and shall
be presented to the Recording Secretary. No nomination shall receive
action by the Board of Managers until it has been before it at least
two weeks, and no candidate shall be elected unless he receives at
least nine affirmative votes.
ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS.
The Officers of the Society shall be a President, five Vice Presidents,
a Treasurer, a Recording Secretary and a Corresponding Secretary.
The above mentioned officers, together with eight other members of the
Society, known as Managers, shall constitute a Board of Managers.
Officers and Managers shall be elected annually, by ballot, a majority
of the votes cast being necessary to an election; they shall hold
office until their successors are elected; and shall have power to fill
vacancies occurring during the year.
The President, or, in his absence, one of the Vice Presidents, shall
preside at the meetings of the Society and of the Board of Managers; he
shall, together with the Recording Secretary, sign all written
contracts and obligations of the Society, and attest its corporate
seal; he shall deliver an annual address to the Society.
Each Vice President shall represent in the Society and in the Board of
Managers, a department of geographic science, as follows;
Geography of the Land,
Geography of the Sea,
Geography of the Air,
Geography of Life,
Geographic Art.
The Vice Presidents shall foster their respective departments within
the Society; they shall present annually to the Society summaries of
the work done throughout the world in their several departments.
They shall be elected to their respective departments by the Society.
The Vice Presidents, together with the two Secretaries, shall
constitute a committee of the Board of Managers on Communications and
Publications.
The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the Society, shall
collect the dues, and shall disburse under the direction of the Board
of Managers; he shall make an annual report; and his accounts shall be
audited annually by a committee of the Society and at such other times
as the Board of Managers may direct.
The Secretaries shall record the proceedings of the Society and of the
Board of Managers; shall conduct the correspondence of the Society; and
shall make an annual report.
The Board of Managers shall transact all the business of the Society,
except such as may be presented at the annual meeting. It shall
formulate rules for the conduct of its business. Nine members of the
Board of Managers shall constitute a quorum.
ARTICLE V.
DUES.
The annual dues of active members shall be five dollars, payable during
the month of January, or, in the case of new members, within thirty
days after election.
Annual dues may be commuted and life membership acquired by the payment
of fifty dollars.
No member in arrears shall vote at the annual meeting, and the names of
members two years in arrears shall be dropped from the roll of
membership.
ARTICLE VI.
MEETINGS.
Regular meetings of the Society shall be held on alternate Fridays,
from October until May, inclusive, and, excepting the annual meeting,
shall be devoted to communications. The three regular meetings next
preceding the annual meeting shall be devoted to the President's annual
address and the reports of the Vice Presidents.
The annual meeting for the election of officers shall be the last
regular meeting in December.
A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of twenty-five
active members.
Special meetings may be called by the President.
ARTICLE VII.
AMENDMENTS.
These by-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members
present at a regular meeting, provided that notice of the proposed
amendment has been given in writing at a regular meeting at least four
weeks previously.
OFFICERS.
1888.
_President_.
GARDINER G. HUBBARD.
_Vice Presidents_.
HERBERT G. OGDEN.
J. R. BARTLETT.
A. W. GREELY.
C. HART MERRIAM.
A. H. THOMPSON.
_Treasurer_.
CHARLES J. BELL.
_Secretaries_.
HENRY GANNETT.
GEORGE KENNAN.
_Managers_.
CLEVELAND ABBE.
MARCUS BAKER.
ROGERS BIRNIE, JR.
G. BROWN GOODE.
WILLARD D. JOHNSON.
HENRY MITCHELL.
W. B. POWELL.
JAMES C. WELLING.
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY.
_a_., original members.
_l_., life members.
In cases where no city is given in the address, Washington, D. C., is
to be understood.
Cleveland Abbe, _a_. _l_., U. S. Signal Office.
S. T. Abert, 725 20th st.
Jeremiah Ahern, U. S. Geological Survey.
J. A. Allen, Am. Museum of Nat. Hist., New York.
Clifford Arrick, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Miss E. L. Atkinson, 918 Mass. ave.
W. R. Atkinson, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Miss S. C. Ayres, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Frank Baker, _a_., 1315 Corcoran st.
Marcus Baker, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. L. Baldwin, _a_., " "
E. C. Barnard, _a_., " "
J. R. Bartlett, _a_., Navy Department.
C. C. Bassett, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Lewis J. Battle, " "
A. Graham Bell, _a_., 1336 19th st.
Chas. J. Bell, _a_., 1437 Penna. ave.
Julius Bien, _a_., New York City.
Morris Bien, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Rogers Birnie, Jr., _a_., War Department.
H. B. Blair, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
J. H. Blodget, _a_., " "
S. H. Bodfish, _a_., " "
C. O. Boutelle, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
Andrew Braid, _a_., " " "
L. D. Brent, U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. G. Brewer, _a_., Hydrographic Office.
Wm. Brewster, Cambridge, Mass.
Miss L. V. Brown, 1312 S st.
A. E. Burton, _a_., Boston, Mass.
Z. T. Carpenter, _a_., P. O. Box 387.
R. H. Chapman, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. S. Chase, _a_., Navy Department.
T. M. Chatard, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
A. H. Clark, National Museum.
E. B. Clark, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Verplanck Colvin, _a_., Albany, N. Y.
E. E. Court, Hydrographic Office.
R. D. Cummin, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
W. E. Curtis, _a_., 513 14th st.
Mrs. Caroline H. Dall, _a_., 1603 O st.
C. C. Darwin, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Geo. Davidson, _a_., San Francisco, Cal.
Arthur P. Davis, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Mrs. A. P. Davis,
Wm. M. Davis, Philadelphia, Pa.
W. H. Dennis, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
J. S. Diller, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
E. M. Douglas, _a_., " "
B. W. Duke, _a_., " "
A. F. Dunnington, _a_., " "
A. H. Dutton, _a_., Hydrographic Office.
C. E. Dutton, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
G. L. Dyer, Navy Department.
G. W. Dyer, _a_., 1003 F st.
J. R. Edson, _a_., 1003 F st.
W. P. Elliott, _a_., Navy Department.
George A. Fairfield, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
Walter Fairfield, _a_., " " "
B. Fernow, _a_., Dept. of Agriculture.
J. P. Finley, _a_., U. S. Signal Office.
E. G. Fischer, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
C. H. Fitch, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
L. C. Fletcher, _a_., " "
Robert Fletcher, _a_., Army Medical Museum.
W. C. Ford, _a_., State Department.
Gerard Fowke, _a_., Bureau of Ethnology.
N. P. Gage, _a_., Seaton School.
Henry Gannett, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
S. S. Gannett, _a_., " "
G. K. Gilbert, _a_., " "
D. C. Gilman, _a_., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md.
G. Brown Goode, _a_., National Museum.
R. U. Goode, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Edward Goodfellow, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
R. O. Gordon, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
F. D. Granger, U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
A. W. Greely, _a_., U. S. Signal Office.
Morris M. Green, Dept. of Agriculture.
W. T. Griswold, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
F. P. Gulliver, " "
Merrill Hackett, _a_., " "
Dabney C. Harrison, _a_., " "
E. M. Hasbrouck, " "
E. E. Haskell, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
Everett Hayden, _a_., Navy Department.
A. J. Henry, _a_., U. S. Signal Office.
H. W. Henshaw, _a_., Bureau of Ethnology.
Gustave Herrle, _a_., Hydrographic Office.
W. H. Herron, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
George A. Hill, _a_., U. S. Signal Office.
W. F. Hillebrand, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. L. Hodgkins, _a_., Columbian University.
C. L. Hopkins, Dept. of Agriculture.
D. J. Howell, _a_., 1003 F st.
E. E. Howell, _a_., Rochester, N. Y.
W. T. Hornaday, _a_., National Museum.
Gardiner G. Hubbard, _a_., 1328 Connecticut ave.
C. T. Iardella, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
J. H. Jennings, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
A. B. Johnson, _a_., Light House Board.
S. P. Johnson, Le Droit Park.
W. D. Johnson, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Anton Karl, _a_., " "
S. H. Kaufmann, _a_., 1000 M st.
C. A. Kenaston, _a_., Howard University.
George Kennan, _a_., 1318 Massachusetts ave.
Mark B. Kerr, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
E. F. Kimball, Le Droit Park.
S. I. Kimball, _a_., " "
Harry King, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
F. J. Knight, _a_., " "
F. H. Knowlton, _a_., " "
Peter Koch, _a_., Bozeman, Mont.
Wm. Kramer, U. S. Geol. Survey.
W. E. Lackland, _a_., " "
Boynton Leach, Hydrographic Office.
R. L. Lerch, _a_., " "
A. Lindenkohl, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
H. Lindenkohl, _a_., " " "
R. L. Longstreet, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
W. H. Lovell, " "
James A. Maher, _a_., " "
Van H. Manning, Jr., _a_., " "
Henry L. Marindin, U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
C. C. Marsh, _a_., Navy Department.
Washington Matthews, _a_., Army Med. Museum.
W. J. McGee, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
R. H. McKee, _a_., " "
R. C. McKinney, _a_., " "
George Melville, _a_., Navy Department.
A. G. Menocal, _a_., " "
C. Hart Merriam, _a_., Dept. of Agriculture.
Cosmos Mindeleff, Bureau of Ethnology.
Victor Mindeleff, " "
Henry Mitchell, _a_., Nantucket, Mass.
A. T. Mosman, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
Robert Muldrow, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
A. E. Murlin, " "
Miss J. C. Myers, 804 11th st.
E. W. F. Natter, U. S. Geol. Survey.
Louis Nell, _a_., " "
Charles Nordhoff, _a_., " "
Herbert G. Ogden, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
T. S. O'Leary, _a_., Hydrographic Office.
F. H. Parsons, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
W. W. Patton, _a_., Howard University.
A. C. Peale, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
E. T. Perkins, Jr., _a_., " "
G. H. Peters, _a_., Navy Department.
W. J. Peters, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
J. W. Powell, _a_., " "
W. B. Powell, _a_., Franklin School.
D. W. Prentiss, _a_., 1101 14th st.
J. H. Renshawe, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Eugene Ricksecker, _a_., Portland, Oreg.
C. V. Riley, _a_., Dept. of Agriculture.
Homer P. Ritter, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
A. C. Roberts, _a_., Hydrographic Office.
I. C. Russell, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
C. S. Sargent, _a_., Brookline, Mass.
W. S. Schley, _a_., Navy Department.
S. H. Scudder, _a_., Cambridge, Mass.
N. S. Shaler, _a_., " "
John S. Siebert, Hydrographic Office.
Edwin Smith, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
Middleton Smith, _a_., 1616 19th st.
E. J. Sommer, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
Leonhard Stejneger, _a_., National Museum.
*James Stevenson, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Chas. H. Stockton, _a_., Navy Department.
Frank Sutton, U. S. Geol. Survey.
Mary C. Thomas, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
A. H. Thompson, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Gilbert Thompson, _a_., " "
Laurence Thompson, _a_., Denver, Colorado.
R. E. Thompson, War Department.
O. H. Tittmann, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
R. M. Towson, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
W. L. Trenholm, _a_., Treasury Dept.
Frank Tweedy, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Chas. F. Urquhart, _a_., " "
H. C. Van Deman, Dept. of Agriculture.
George Vasey, _a_., " "
W. I. Vinal, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
A. Von Haake, Post Office Dept.
C. D. Walcott, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. S. Wallace, _a_., " "
Lester F. Ward, _a_., " "
W. H. Weed, _a_., " "
J. B. Weir, _a_., U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
J. C. Welling, _a_., Columbian University.
C. A. White, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
C. H. White, Navy Department.
J. T. Wilder, _a_. _l_., Roan Mt., Tenn.
Miss Mary Wilder, " "
Bailey Willis, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
Mrs. Bailey Willis,
A. E. Wilson, U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. M. Wilson, _a_., " "
Thos. Wilson, National Museum.
Isaac Winston, U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey.
R. S. Woodward, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
H. C. Yarrow, _a_., Army Medical Museum.
Chas. M. Yeates, _a_., U. S. Geol. Survey.
* Deceased.