=Purple-stemmed Swamp Beggar-ticks.= _Bidens connata_ Muhl. Flowers
orange; achenes brown, wedge-shaped or obovate, hairy, tubercled,
flattened, 4-angled, 4-toothed, 4-6 mm. long, achenes and teeth
downwardly barbed. Swamps, common.
[Illustration: Fig. 187.]
=Beggar-ticks.= _Bidens frondosa_ L. Achenes dull brown, tubercled, much
flattened, obovate or oval, 6-12 mm. long, awns usually 2, spreading
barbed downward. Low lands.
[Illustration: Fig. 188.]
=Star Thistle.= _Centaurea solstitialis_ L. Achene cream white to
mottled brown, flattened, oval about 2 mm. long; scar of attachment in a
notch of one edge above the rounded base, apex truncate with a small
tubercle in the middle. Found in seeds of alfalfa. A ragged plant from
Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 189.]
=Ox-eye Daisy.= _Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum_ L. Flowers white; achenes
brown or black with ten white conspicuous vertical ribs, narrowly
obovate 1.5-1.8 mm. long, bearing a tubercle at the apex. Introduced
from Europe. Becoming common. A prominent weed in old pastures and
meadows.
[Illustration: Fig. 190.]
=Chickory.= _Chichorium Intybus_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes light brown,
more or less mottled or spotted with black, straight or curved, 4-5
angled, flattened, apex truncate crowned with a double row of minute
scales. Achenes 2.5-3 mm. long. Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 191.]
=Canada Thistle.= _Cirsium arvense_ (L.) Scop. _Carduus arvensis_ (L.)
Robs. Flowers purple or white; achenes smooth, light brown, curved or
straight, narrowly obovoid or oblong, slightly flattened, 2-3 mm. long,
apex truncate, cup-shaped with a tubercle in the center. Introduced from
Europe. A weed of first rank.
[Illustration: Fig. 192.]
=Bull Thistle.= _Cirsium lanceolatum_ (L.) Hill. _Carduus lanceolatus_
L. Flowers purple; achenes smooth, nearly white, with sharp vertical
brown stripes, slightly flattened, obovate or oblong, usually curved
near the apex, 3-4 mm. long, apex truncate with a large tubercle in the
center. Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 193.]
=Narrow leaved Hawksbeard.= _Crepis tectorum_ L. Flowers yellow; achene
chestnut brown, straight or curved, linear, ribs 10, smooth or rugose;
3.4 mm. long. Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 194.]
=Fire-weed.= _Erechtites hieracifolia_ (L.) Raf. Achenes brown, linear,
2.2-2.8 mm. long, flattened, straight or curved, having ten vertical
ribs between which are minute white oppressed hairs, the extremities
truncate, wider than the narrow portion beneath, the apex white with a
tubercle projecting from the center of a minute cup. Native to this
country. Not of much importance.
=Annual Fleabane.= _Erigeron annuus_ (L.) Pers. Flowers white; achenes
smooth, shining, brownish white, translucent, flattened, obovate or
oblong, .7-.9 mm. long, bearing at the apex a whorl of very small
diverging bristles, the longest ones having been rubbed off. Faint
traces of a few oppressed hairs may be seen under a good lens. Native to
this country and a very prominent weed in thin meadows.
[Illustration: Fig. 195.]
=Horse-weed.= _Erigeron Canadensis_ L. _Leptilon Canadense_ (L.)
Britton. Achenes oblong, dull cream color, much flattened, 1-1.3 mm.
long, shining, smooth or containing a few minute oppressed bristles,
apex truncate, bearing a whorl of bristles, the longest having been
rubbed off. Native of this country. Compare the above description with
that of Erigeron annuus. Common in waste places.
[Illustration: Fig. 196.]
=Daisy Fleabane.= _Erigeron ramosus_ (Walt.) B. S. P. Flowers white;
achenes nearly identical with those last described, Erigeron annuus,
bristles shorter, less diverging, surface bearing more minute appressed
hairs when seen under a lens. Native to this country and prominent in
some thin meadows.
[Illustration: Fig. 197.]
=Sweet Everlasting.= _Gnaphalium polycephalum_ Michx. _Gnaphalium
obtusifolium_ L. Outer scales of the head thin, white, stiff; achenes
yellowish white or brown, slightly flattened, smooth, oval or oblong,
.5-.7 mm. long. Native to this country. Not often troublesome.
Much practice with a good lens and careful comparisons with other small
achenes will be necessary in identifying such specimens as are furnished
by this species.
[Illustration: Fig. 198.]
=Low Cudweed.= _Gnaphalium uliginosum_ L. Outer scales of the head thin,
brown, more or less wooly; achenes .4-.6 mm. long, yellowish white to
brown, slightly flattened, smooth, narrowly oblong .4-.6 mm. long.
Achenes narrower and rather shorter than those of G. obtusifolium.
Native to this country. Not of high rank as a weed.
[Illustration: Fig. 199.]
=Broad-leaved Gum Plant.= _Grindelia squarrosa_ (Pursh.) Dunal. Flowers
yellow; achenes creamy white or light brown, very variable in
appearance, more or less flattened, often 4-angled, straight to much
curved, narrowed at the base, apex truncate, often concave with a
distinct marginal rim, some of them not very unlike those of Canada
thistle, some of them smooth, others finely grooved or ridged
lengthwise, others somewhat wrinkled, 2.5-3 mm. long. Occasionally
introduced from the west with seeds of grasses or clover. Usually not
persistent in Michigan.
=Artichoke.= _Helianthus tuberosus_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes black,
shiny more or less, slightly flattened, pubescent with very short hairs,
with four obtuse angles, narrowly obovate, 6-7 mm. long, one side of the
smaller end projecting beyond the other side. Native of this country;
cultivated by Indians.
[Illustration: Fig. 200.]
=Golden Mouse or Orange-Ear Hawkweed. Devil's Paint-Brush.= _Hieracium
aurantiacum._ Flowers orange yellow; achenes jet black, oblong, straight
or curved, apex truncate, base abruptly tapering, cylindrical, the sides
bearing 10 narrow, vertical ridges. Introduced from Europe. In Eastern
New York and Western Massachusetts meadows abound in large areas of this
vile weed, 1.8-2.2 mm. long.
[Illustration: Fig. 201.]
=Mouse-Ear Hawkweed.= _Hieracium Pilosella_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes
jet black, oblong, straight or curved, apex truncate, base abruptly
pointed, cylindrical or narrowly oval, the sides bearing 10 narrow
vertical ridges. Introduced from Europe. The achenes very closely
resemble those of the orange hawkweed. It doesn't matter much, for the
habits are the same, and one is about as noxious as the other.
Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 202.]
=Elecampane.= _Inula Helenium_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes light brown,
straight or curved, linear, flattened, 4-5 mm. long, 4 sided with 5-8
obscure vertical ridges on each side, apex concave, the margin bearing a
circle of short stiff bristles, the remains of longer ones. Introduced
from Europe. Not common.
[Illustration: Fig. 203.]
=Marsh Elder.= _Iva xanthiifolia_ (Fresen.) Nutt. Achenes various shades
of brown to black, flattened or rhombic in section, obovoid, 1.5-2 mm.
long, longitudinally, striate with fine lines. Native to the upper
peninsula of Michigan where it most likely was at one time introduced
from the west. It has not been found in the lower peninsula, probably
because it had no means of coming across Lake Michigan.
[Illustration: Fig. 204.]
=Wild Lettuce.= _Lactuca Canadensis_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes black or
nearly so, flattened, oval, bearing 3 ribs, the lateral ones sometimes
double, the middle one slender, surface abounding in minute transverse
ridges as seen under a lens, the remains of a beak sometimes remaining.
Native of this country. Other species of Lettuce are more or less
troublesome.
[Illustration: Fig. 205.]
=Prickly Lettuce.= _Lactuca virosa_ L. For many years erroneously called
_Lactuca scariola_. Flowers yellow; achenes dull, dark brown, mottled
with black, flattened, bearing 5-7 rough, vertical ridges, interspersed
by as many smaller ones; oblong, obovate, widest toward the tapering
apex. 3-3.5 mm. long. Some of the leaves turn one edge up and the other
down. Introduced from Europe and has proved itself a remarkable
traveller.
[Illustration: Fig. 206.]
=Fall Dandelion.= _Leontodon autumnalis_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes
light brown, linear, with 5 broad, rounded ribs; achene 4-6.5 mm. long,
straight or curved, the outer traversed, with low transverse ridges.
Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 207.]
=Black-eyed Susan. Yellow Daisy.= _Rudbeckia hirta_ L. Achene
purple-brown to black, slightly tapering from base to apex 1.5-1.8 mm.
long, base abruptly pointed, apex truncate, in cross section nearly
square, having 5-7 slender vertical ridges on each side besides a larger
one at each of the four corners. Widely distributed in meadows and
pastures.
[Illustration: Fig. 208.]
=Corn Sow-Thistles.= _Sonchus arvensis_ L. Flowers yellow; achenes dull,
dark reddish brown, oblong, extremities blunt, slightly flattened,
bearing four coarse, fold-like ridges, with two smaller ridges between
each of the two large ones, transversely wrinkled, 2.5-3 mm. long. This
species is a perennial spreading by roots-stalks as well as by seeds.
Introduced in Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 209.]
=Spiny Sow-Thistle.= _Sonchus asper_ (L.) Hill. Flowers pale yellow;
achenes dull straw-color to reddish brown, much flattened, obovate,
oblong, extremities blunt, each side bearing 3-5 vertical ridges,
surface nearly smooth, 2.5-3 mm. long. Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 210.]
=Common Sow-Thistle.= _Sonchus oleraceus_ L. Flowers pale yellow;
achenes reddish brown, linear, oblanceolate, 3 mm. long, flattened
extremities blunt, 5 uneven wrinkled ridges on each side. Introduced
from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 211.]
=Red-Seeded Dandelion.= _Taraxacum erythrospermum_ Andrz. Achene bright
red or red reddish brown, flattened, oblanceolate, 3 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide or less, the red beak 1 mm. long, prickles often extending nearly
to the base along twelve vertical ribs, the achenes narrower, shorter,
much darker in color, with prickles extending farther down the ribs, the
short beak longer; the plant is earlier, often smaller, when compared
with the other species.
Doubtless this is more common than has been reported, having been
overlooked. Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 212.]
=Dandelion.= _Taraxacum officinale_ Weber. _Taraxacum Taraxacum_ (L.)
Karst. Flowers yellow; achenes dull light to dark brown, flattened
oblanceolate, thread-like beak two to three times as long as the achene,
the stout colored beak 0.5 mm. long. The most conspicuous character of
the achenes lies in the barb-like-toothed edges and ridges of each of
the similar faces, extending along the upper half. Achene, 3-4 mm. long,
having twelve longitudinal ridges, 1.2 mm. wide. Introduced from Europe.
Troublesome on thin lawns.
[Illustration: Fig. 213.]
=Salsify. Oyster-Plant.= _Tragopogon porrifolius_ L. Flowers purple;
achenes dull light brown, nearly cylindrical; apex tapering, mostly
terminating in a slender beak which is often longer than the body of the
achene. Achene straight or curved, 10-ribbed, 12-18 mm. long, outermost
coarsely roughened by upwardly directed, whitish, scale-like
projections. Native of Europe.
=Meadow Salsify. Yellow Goat's Beard.= _Tragopogon pratensis_ L. Flowers
yellow; achenes dull, light brown, nearly cylindrical, apex tapering,
mostly terminating in a slender beak. Achene straight or curved,
10-ribbed, 12-15 mm. long, the inner ones of the head smooth, the
outer-most coarsely roughened by upwardly directed, whitish, scale-like
projections. Introduced from Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 214.]
=American Cocklebur.= _Xanthium Canadensis_ Mill. Achenes or burs
reddish brown, oblong, circular in section, two-beaked, about 20 mm.
long, covered with stout hooked prickles. Each bur encloses two seeds.
Native of this country.
[Illustration: Fig. 215.]
=Spiny Clotbur.= _Xanthium spinosum_ L. Bur oblong, light brown, very
slightly flattened, 10-13 mm. long, the beaks weak and small, small
hooked prickles 3-4 mm. long, each bur contains two seeds. Introduced
from Europe.
=Broad Cocklebur.= _Xanthium strumarium_ L. Bur dark brown, oval,
circular in sections 12-22 mm. long, beaks stout, nearly straight,
spines about 5 mm. long, surface of burs and base of spines clothed with
minute hooked prickles. Naturalized from Europe.
INDEX.
Page
Abutilon, 145
Acalypha, 143
AC-CUM'BENT, leaning or lying upon, applied to cotyledons when
the caulicle (radicle) is folded against their contiguous edges,
shown as [Symbol: 0== rotated 90 deg. clockwise].
A-CHENE', achenium, a small, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit,
likely to be mistaken for a seed.
Achillea, 160
Acnida, 126
A-CU'MIN-ATE, ending in a prolonged tapering point.
Agrimonia, 138
Agrimony, tall hairy, 138
Agrostemma, 128
Agropyron, 110
Aizoaceae, 128
Alfalfa, 140
Allium, 119
Alfilaria, 142
Alsike clover, 141
Alsine, 131
Alyssum, 132
Alyssum, hoary, 133
Amaranth, 126, 127
Amaranth family, 126
Amaranthaceae, 126
Amaranthus, 127
Ambrosia, 160, 161
American jute, 145
Anacardiaceae, 145
A-NAT'RO-POUS, a name applied to an ovule or seed which grows so
that the funiculus coheres to the whole length forming a raphe
along the edge bringing the hilum near the micropyle while the
chalaza is at the other extremity.
Annual fleabane, 165
Anthemis, 161
Apetalous pepper-grass, 135
A'PEX, the tip or growing point of an organ.
Arctium, 162
Arenaria, 129
Artemisia, 162
Artichoke, 167
Asclepiadaceae, 149
Asclepias, 149
Atriplex, 124
Avena, 110
AWN, a bristle-shaped appendage.
Ax seed, 139
Ax wort, 139
Ball mustard, 137
Barbarea, 133
BARBED, furnished with rigid points or short bristles, usually
reflexed like the barb of a fish-hook.
Barnyard grass, 114
Beaked nightshade, 156
Beaver poison, 148
Beggar-ticks, 163
Bermuda grass, 113
Berteroa, 133
Bidens, 162, 163
Biennial wormwood, 162
Bindweed, 150
Bird's-foot trefoil, 139
Bitter buttercup, 131
Bitter dock, 122
Black-eyed susan, 169
Black medick, 139
Black mustard, 134
Black nightshade, 156
Black swallow-wort, 149
Bladder campion, 130
Bladder Ketmia, 146
Bloom-fell, 139
Bluefield madder, 159
Blue grass, 116
Blue grass, Canadian, 116
Blue grass, Kentucky, 116
Blue Vervain, 153
Borage family, 152
Boraginaceae, 152
Bouncing Bet, 129
Broad-leaved Dock, 122
Broad-leaved plantain, 159
Brome grass, 112
Bromus, 111
Buckwheat family, 119
Buckwheat, wild, 120
Bulbous buttercup, 132
Bull thistle, 164
Burdock, 162
Bur-grass, 112
Bur-marigold, 162
Bur-seed, 152
Bursa, 134
Buttercup, bitter, creeping, or tall, 131
Butter and eggs, 156
Camelina, 134
Canada thistle, 164
Canadian blue grass, 116
Capriola, 113
Capsella, 134
Carduus, 164, 165
Carpet-weed, 128
CAR'UN-CLE, an excrescence or protuberance near the hilum of a
seed.
Caryophyllaceae, 128
Cashew family, 145
Catch-fly, 129, 130
Catmint, 154
Catnip, 154
Celandine, 132
c. m. centimeter, see ruled lines on last page, 183
Cenchrus, 112
Centaurea, 163
Centimeter, see ruled lines on last page, 183
Cerastium, 129
Chaetochloa, 117
Charlock, 133
Cheat, 112
Cheeses, 146
Chelidonium, 132
Chenopodiaceae, 124
Chenopodium, 124, 125, 126
Chess, barren, field, smooth, soft, 111
Chickory, 164
Chickweed, 129, 131
Chrysanthemum, 163
Cichorium, 164
Cicuta, 148
Cinquefoil, silvery, 138, 139
Cirsium, 164, 165
Claviceps, 110
Climbing false buckwheat, 121
Clover dodder, 151
Cockle, 128
Cocklebur, 171
CO'MA, a tuft of hair on a seed.
Common chickweed, 131
Common milkweed, 149
Common speedwell, 157
Compositae, 160
Composite family, 160
Conium, 148
Conringia, 135
Convolvulaceae, 150
Convolvulus, 150
Corn camomile, 161
Corn gromwell, 153
Coronilla, 139
Couch grass, 110
Cow-cress, 136
Crab-grass, 113-114
Crassulaceae, 138
Creeping buttercup, 132
Crepis, 165
Cress, cow, 136
Crimson clover, 141
Crowfoot, 131
Crowfoot family, 131
Cruciferae, 132
Curled Dock, 122
Cut-leaved Crane's bill, 142
Cuscuta, 150, 151
Cycloloma, 126
Cynanchum, 149
Cynodon, 113
Cynoglossum, 152
Cyperaceae, 118
Cyperus, 118
Cypress spurge, 143
Daisy fleabane, 166
Dandelion, 170
Datura, 155
Daucus, 148
Dead nettle, 154
DEL'TOID, shaped like the Greek letter delta; triangular.
Devil's paint-brush, 167
Digitalis, 113
Diplotaxis, 135
Dipsaceae, 160
Dipsacus, 160
Dock, 121
Dock-leaved Persicaria, 120
Dodder, 150
Dog's fennel, 161
Echinochloa, 114
Elecampane, 167
Eleocharis, 118
Eleusine, 114
EL-LIP'TIC-AL, oblong and rounded at the ends; longer than oval.
EM'BRY-O, the little plant forming a part of the seed, usually
consisting of caulicle, one or more cotyledons and a plumule.
Eragrostis, 115
Erechtites, 165
Ergot, 110
Erigeron, 165, 166
Erodium, 142
Erysimum, 135
Euphorbia, 143, 144
Euphorbiaceae, 143
Evening primrose, 147
Evening primrose family, 147
Fall dandelion, 168
False Buckwheat, 121
False flax, 134
FE'MALE FLOW'ER, one having pistils only, but no stamens;
pistillate flower.
FER'TILE, producing fruit, or reproductive bodies of any kind.
Field dodder, 150
Field garlic, 119
Field madder, 159
Field pepper-grass, 136
Figwort family, 156
Fire-weed, 165
Five finger, 139
Flat-stemmed Poa, 116
Flax dodder, 150
Fleabane, 165, 166
Floral glume
FLO'RET, a single flower of a head or cluster, especially in
Compositae.
Forked catchfly, 130
Foxtail, green, yellow, 117
Garlic, field, wild, 119
Gaura, 147
Geraniaceae, 142
Geranium family, 142
GLUME, one of the outer floral envelopes in grasses or sedges.
The term as now used includes the bracts (empty glumes) which
subtend a spikelet and the lower of the two bracts subtending
the individual flower (flowering or floral glume, lemma).
Gnaphalium, 166
Golden pepper-grass, 136
Goosefoot, 125
Goosefoot family, 124
GRAIN, the caryopsis or fruit of Gramineae; any small seed.
Grass, crab, 114
Grass family, weeds in, 110
Grass, old witch, 115
Grass, porcupine, 117
Grass, stink, 115
Green foxtail, 117
Great bindweed, 150
Great burdock, 162
Great ragweed, 161
Grindelia, 166
Gronovius' dodder, 151
Ground honeysuckle, 139
Gum plant, 166
Hare's ear, 135
HAS'TATE, like the head of a halberd--applied to leaves which
have a spreading lobe on each side of the base.
Hawksbeard, 165
Heal-all, 155
Hedge bindweed, 150
Hedge mustard, 137
Helianthus, 167
Hibiscus, 146
Hieracium, 167
Hillman, F. H., graduate of the College in 1888; expert
draftsman of the seed Division of Washington, D. C, 103
Hilum, 134
HI'LUM, the scar or point of attachment of a seed.
Hoarhound, 154
Hoary alyssum, 133
Hoary cress, 136
Honeysuckle, ground, 139
Hordeum, 115
Horse nettle, 155
Horse-weed, 165
Hound's tongue, 152
Hypericaceae, 147
Hypericum, 147
Illecebraceae, 128
IN-CUM'BENT, leaning or lying upon; applied to cotyledons when
the caulicle is folded against the track of one of them, shown
as [Symbol: || o].
Indian mallow, 145
Indian mustard, 133
Indigenous, 139
IN-DIG'E-NOUS, native and original to the region.
Inula, 167
Iva, 167
IN'VO-LU-CRE, a set of bracts immediately subtending a flower or
inflorescence.
Jerusalem oak, 125
Jimson weed, 155
Juncaceae, 118
June grass, 116
KEEL, the joined pair of petals in a papilionaceous corolla; a
projecting ridge along the back of an organ.
Knawel, 128
Knot-grass, 119
Knotweed, 120
Knotweed family, 128
Labiatae, 154
Lactuca, 168
Lady's Thumb, 121
Lamb's quarters, 124
Lamium, 154
LAN'CE-O-LATE, tapering abruptly towards the base and gradually
towards the apex, like the head of a lance.
Lappula, 152
Large-bracted plantain, 158
Leafy spurge, 143
Leguminosae, 139
Leontodon, 168
Leonurus, 154
Lepidium, 136
Leptilon, 165
Liliaceae, 119
Lily family, 119
Linaria, 156
LIN'E-AR, very narrow with the margins parallel or nearly so.
Lithospermum, 153
Low cudweed, 166
Lucerne, 140
Lotus, 139
Low hop-clover, 141
Madder family, 159
Mallow, 145, 146
Mallow family, 145
Malva, 146
Malvaceae, 145, 146
Mammoth clover, 141
Many-seeded goosefoot, 126
Maple-leaved goosefoot, 125
Marsh elder, 167
Marubium, 154
May-weed, 161
Medicago, 139, 140
Melilotus, 140
Mexican tea, 125
Milfoil, 160
Milkweed, 149
Milkweed family, 149
Millimeter, see last page of this bulletin
Mint family, 154
m. m. Millimeter, see ruled lines on last page, 139
Mollugo, 128
Morning-glory family, 150
Mossy stonecrop, 138
Motherwort, 154
Moth mullein, 156
Mouse-ear chickweed, 129
Mouse-ear hawkweed, 167
Mullein, 156, 157
Musquash-root, 148
Mustard, 133, 134, 135
Mustard family, 132
Narrow-leaved dock, 122
Narrow-leaved hawk's beard, 165
Narrow-leaved plantain, 158
Nepeta, 154
Neslia, 137
Nettle family, 119
Nettle-leaved vervain, 153
Night-flowering catchfly, 130
Nightshade, 156
Night-shade family, 155
Nonesuch, 139
Nut-grass, 118
Oak-leaved goosefoot, 125
Oat, wild, 110
OB-LAN'CE-O-LATE, lanceolate in form, but tapering toward the
base more than toward the apex.
OB'LONG, longer than wide with nearly parallel sides. Compare
Oval.
OB-O'VATE, a flat body broader toward the apex than the base.
See Ovate.
OB-O'VOID, a solid body broader towards the apex than the base.
See Ovoid.
OB-TUSE', having a rounded end or apex; blunt.
Oenothera, 147
Old witch grass, 115
Onagraceae, 147
Orache, spreading, 124
Orpine family, 138
O'VAL, about twice as long as broad, with regular curved
outlines, broadly elliptical.
O'VATE, like a longitudinal section of an ordinary hen's egg,
with the attachment, if any, at the broad end.
O'VOID, the shape of a hen's egg and attached, if at all, at the
large end.
Ovoid spike rush, 118
Ox-eye daisy, 163
Oyster-plant, 170
Paint brush, 167
PA'LE-A, PA'LET, the upper bract which with the floral glume
incloses the flower in grasses.
Pale persicaria, 120
Panicum, 113
Panicum capillare, 115
Panicum, smooth, 115
Papaveraceae, 132
Parsley family, 148
Parsnip, wild, 149
Pastinaca, 149
Patience dock, 123
Pennsylvania persicaria, 120
Penny cress, 137
Peppergrass, 135, 136
Persicaria, dock-leaved, 120
Pigeon grass, 117
Pigweed, 124
Pigweed family, 124
Pink family, 128
Plantago, 158, 159
Plantain family, 158
Poa annua, 116
Poa compressa, 116
Poa, flat-stemmed, 116
Poa pratensis, 116
Poison hemlock, 148
Poison ivy, 145
Polygonaceae, 119
Polygonum, 119-120
Poppy family, 132
Porcupine grass, 117
Portulaca, 131
Portulacaceae, 131
Potentilla, 138, 139
Prickly lettuce, 168
Prickly sida, 146
Prostrate amaranth, 127
Prunella, 155
PU-BES'CENT, clothed with soft and rather short hairs.
Pulse family, 139
Purple Jimsonweed, 155
Purple-stemmed beggar-ticks, 163
Purslane family, 131
Purslane speedwell, 157
Pusley, 131
Quack grass, 110
Ragweed, 160
Ranunculaceae, 131
Ranunculus, 131, 132
RA'PHE, the adherent funiculus connecting the hilum and chalaza
in anatropous or amphitropous ovules or seeds.
Red clover, 141
Red-seeded dandelion, 170
Red root, 153
RE-TIC'U-LATE, in the form of network.
Rhus, 145
Rib-grass, 158
Rocket, yellow, 133
ROOT, the descending axis which is destitute of leaves or nodes.
ROOT STOCK, rhizome, a stem usually subterranean and more or
less thickened, producing young branches.
Rosaceae, 138
Rose family, 138
Rough cinquefoil, 139
Rough pigweed, 127
Rudbeckia, 169
Rugel's broad-leaved plantain, 159
Rumex, 121, 122, 123
Running mallow, 146
Rush family, 118
Rush, slender, 118
Rush, spike, 118
Russian thistle, 126
Rutabaga, 133
Rye, 116
Salsify, 170
Salsola, 126
Sand-bur, 112
Sand plantain, 158
Sand rocket, 135
Sandwort, 129
Saponaria, 129
Scarlet clover, 141
Scleria, 128
Scrophulaceae, 156
Secale, 116
Sedge family, 118
Sedum, 138
Self-heal, 155
Setaria glauca, viridis, 117
Sheep sorrel, 122
Shepherd's purse, 134
Sherardia, 159
Shore knot-weed, 120
Sida, 146
Silene, 129, 130
Silvery cinquefoil, 138
Sisymbrium, 137
Sleepy catchfly, 129
Slender pigweed, 127
Slender nettle, 119
Slender rush, 118
Small alyssum, 132
Smaller burdock, 162