Ludgate hill, and the Old Bailey up to Fleet lane; down that lane
into the market, and then turning the corner on the left, all the
east side along by the Fleet prison to the bottom of Ludgate hill.
FLEET _street_, 1. From Fleet ditch to Temple Bar.☐ 2. Little George
street, Spitalfields.
FLEET STREET _court_, 1. Fleet street.☐ 2. Little George street,
Spitalfields.
FLEMISH _court yard_, Tower ditch.
FLEMISH _grounds_, Tooley street.
FLEMISH _hop gardens_, Bedfordbury.
FLETCHERS, or Arrowmakers, from the French word _flèche_, an arrow;
though arrows have been near three centuries out of use in England,
and though this is a company only by prescription and not by
charter, they have nevertheless obtained a coat of arms and a
livery; are become the thirty-ninth company in the city, and seem in
all respects as firmly established, as those incorporated by letters
patent.
This fraternity, which entirely consists of people of other trades,
consists of two Wardens, ten Assistants, and twenty-five Liverymen,
who, upon their admission, pay a fine of 10_l._ each. They have a
small but convenient hall in St. Mary Ax.
FLETCHER’S _court_, Bembridge street.†
FLOWER AND DEAN _street_, Spitalfields.††
FLOWER DE LUCE _alley_, 1. Black Friars.* 2. Wheeler street.*
FLOWER DE LUCE _court_, 1. Black Friars.* 2. Cow Cross.* 3. Fleet
street.* 4. Gray’s Inn lane.* 5. Grub street.* 6. Houndsditch.* 7.
Ludgate hill.* 8. St. Michael’s lane.* 9. Parish Garden lane.* 10.
Tooley street.* 11. Turnmill street.*
FLOWER DE LUCE _street_, 1. Elder street.* 2. Wheeler street.*
FLOWER DE LUCE _yard_, 1. Gray’s Inn lane.* 2. Parish Garden lane.* 3.
Tooley street.* 4. Turnmill street.*
FLYING HORSE _court_, 1. Fleet street.* 2. Grub street.* 3. Long
alley.* 4. Maiden lane, Wood street.*
FLYING HORSE _yard_, 1. Bartholomew Close.* 2. Bishopsgate street. 3.
Blackman street.* 4. Broad street.* 5. Dolphin alley.* 6. Fleet
street.* 7. Half-moon alley, Moorfields.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Mare
street, Hackney.
FOGWELL _court_, Charterhouse lane.†
FOLE _alley_, Swan alley, East Smithfield.*
FOLLY, near St. Saviour’s Dock.║
FOLLY _lane_, Neckinger lane, Rotherhith.║
FOOT _alley_, King street, Spitalfields.║
[Illustration:
_Foots Cray Place._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]
FOOTS CRAY PLACE, in Kent, about twelve miles from London, is the seat
of Bouchier Cleeve, Esq; and was built by himself, after a design of
Palladio, of the Ionic order, and is very elegant. The original
design had four porticoes, three of which are filled up to get more
room. The hall is octagonal, and has a gallery round which conveys
you to the bed chambers. It is enlightened from the top, and is very
beautiful. The edifice is built of stone, but the offices, which are
on each side at some distance, are brick. The house stands on a
rising ground, with a gradual descent from it till you come to the
water, which from the house appears to be a small river gliding
along through the whole length of the ground: and in that part of
the water which is opposite to the house, there is a fine cascade
constantly flowing out of it. But this water which appears to be
such a pretty natural stream, is in reality artificial, and is
brought from the river Cray which runs just by. When the canal or
cut which is made through the ground to receive the water from the
river is full, it forms the cascade before the house, by flowing
over in that place, and the surplus water being instantly buried in
the ground, is again conveyed away under this cut or canal to the
main stream. The chief beauty of the ground about the house consists
in its simplicity, it being entirely without ornament, and the whole
of it a kind of lawn, having little besides the plain turf. The
situation is pleasant, and the prospect from the house very good.
The disposition of the rooms within the house appear to be very
convenient, and the several apartments are elegantly finished and
suitably furnished. The Chinese bed and other furniture of this kind
in the principal bed chamber, is perfectly beautiful. The gallery,
which extends the whole length of the north front of the house, is a
very grand room, and is filled with pictures by the most eminent
masters; and there are several other good pieces of this kind in the
dining room and parlour, of all which the following is an exact
list.
Pictures at Foots Cray Place.
Common Parlour.
Seven sea pieces, Vandeveldt.
A small Dutch kitchen, Calf.
Landscape, Wynantz.
Mocking Christ, Bassano.
View of the Rialto, Marieschi.
View of St. Mark’s place and Bull feast at Venice, Canaletti and
Chimeroli.
Moon light, Vandeneer.
Emblematical picture, Gulio Carpioni.
Landscape under it, by Glauber; figures by Laress.
Doge’s palace, Carlovarin.
A sea port and market in Holland, Wenix.
Landscape by Glauber; figures by Laress. A smith’s shop, Old Wyke.
Oval landscape, Lambert.
Gallery West End.
Landscape morning, Claude Lorrain.
Ditto evening, ditto.
Venus and Cupid, Vandyke.
Landscape, Both.
North Front.
Adoration of the shepherds, Old Coloni.
Temple of the Muses, Romanelli.
Susanna and the Elders, Guercino.
Wolf and dogs, by Snyders; the landscape by Rubens.
Flower piece, Van Hysum.
Landscape, Wynantz.
Ditto, Swanevelt.
Flower piece, Van Hysum.
Abraham and Hagar, Rembrant.
Landscape, Paul Potter.
Jacob with his flocks, Rosa Tivoli.
Landscape, Gaspar Pousin.
Fruit piece, De Heem.
French King on horseback, by Vandermeulen.
Three horses mounted, Van Dyke.
East End.
Judgment of Paris, Giuseppe Chiari.
Landscape, Hobima.
Paradise, Tempesta.
Landscape, by Paul Brill; figures Annibale Carracci.
South Side.
Lapithæ and Centaurs, L. Giordano.
Landscape, Wouwerman.
Country wake, Teniers.
Landscape, Wouwerman.
View of Venice, Canaletti.
Holy family, Rubens.
Madona, Carlo Dolci.
Christ blessing St. Francis, Annibale Carracci.
Dead Christ, ditto.
Smith’s forge, Brouwer.
Cat and boys, Old Meris.
Dead game and figures, Snyders and Rubens.
Heraclitus and Democritus, Rembrant.
Sea piece, Vandeveldt.
Boy and goat, Vanderborch.
A view of the Rhone, Teniers.
Cattle, Adrian Vandeveldt.
Circumcision, Paul Veronese.
View in Venice, Canaletti.
Venus and Adonis, Rubens.
A Dutch lover, Jan Stein.
A view near Harlem, Ruysdale.
Presentation of Christ, Rembrant.
Miraculous draught of fishes, Teniers.
John Steen playing on a violin, himself.
Head, Hans Holbein.
Toilette, Metzu.
Drawing Room.
Temple of Delphos, Pietro de Cortona.
A retreat, Bourgognone.
Woman taken in adultery, Pordenoni.
Dead game, Fyt.
Field of battle, Bourgognone.
Diogenes, Salvator Rosa.
Landscape, Gaspar Pousin.
Dutchmen, Le Duck.
Boors drinking, Ostade.
Landscape, Gaspar Pousin.
Boys at cards, Morellio.
Faith, Hope, and Charity, by Lorhetto di Verona.
Inside of a church at Antwerp, by Denies; figures Old Franks.
Portrait, Rembrant.
Magdalen, Francisco Mola.
Democritus in the posture Hipocritus found him in near Abdera, by
Salvator Rosa.
Admittance to see the house is by tickets from Mr. Cleeve, and the
days are every Thursday during the summer season.
FORE CLOYSTER _yard_, Westminster Abbey.
FORE _court_, 1. Bridewell, Fleet ditch.§ 2. Clement’s Inn.§ 3.
Doctors Commons.§
FORE _street_, 1. Lambeth. 2. Limehouse. 3. Moorgate.
FOREIGN APPOSER’S _Office_, in the Inner Temple, an office belonging
to the Exchequer, where the Foreign Apposer apposes all Sheriffs,
upon the schedules of the green wax. _Chamberlain’s Present State._
FORISTER’S _buildings_, Golden lane.†
FORMAN’S _alley_, Old street.†
FORSAN’S _rents_, 1. Marigold lane.† 2. Vinegar yard, Drury lane.†
FORT _street_, by Gun street, Spitalfields.
FORTUNE _court_, Duke’s place.
FOSTER’S _lane_, Cheapside; so called from St. Vedast’s or St.
Foster’s church there. _Maitland._
FOSTER’S _buildings_, 1. Whitechapel.† 2. Whitecross street,
Cripplegate.†
FOSTER’S _rents_, 1. King John’s court.† 2. Liquorpond street.†
FOUBERT’S _passage_, Great Swallow street.†
FOUL _lane_, in the Borough.║
FOUNDERS, a company incorporated by letters patent of King James I. in
the year 1614. They consist of a Master, two Wardens, 24 Assistants,
and 132 Liverymen, who upon their admission pay a fine of 8_l._
7_s._ 6_d_. They have a convenient hall at the upper end of Founders
court in Lothbury.
’Tis worthy of notice, that all makers of brass weights, within the
city of London, and three miles round, are obliged to have their
several weights sized by the company’s standard, and marked with
their common mark; such of these as are Avoirdupois weights, are to
be sealed at Guildhall, and those of Troy at Goldsmiths hall. The
Founders company are also impowered by their charter to search for,
and view all brass weights within the above district.
FOUNDERS _court_, 1. Fore street. 2. Lothbury; so called from having
Founders hall in it.
FOUNDLING _Hospital_, or more properly _The Hospital for exposed and
deserted Children_, in Lamb’s Conduit fields. This is one of the
most useful among the numerous charities that are an honour to this
age and nation. In the reign of her late majesty Queen Anne, several
eminent merchants, filled with compassion for the many innocent
children who were daily exposed to misery and destruction, proposed
to erect an hospital for the reception of such infants, as either
the misfortunes or inhumanity of their parents should leave
destitute of other support; and to employ them in such a manner as
to render them fit for the most laborious offices, and the lowest
stations. With these laudable views they proposed a subscription,
and sollicited a charter; but they sollicited in vain, from the
ill-grounded prejudices of weak people, who conceived the opinion
that such an undertaking would encourage persons in vice, by making
too easy a provision for their illegitimate children.
However, though this suspended, it did not totally defeat this
laudable design; some of these worthy persons left large
benefactions for the use of such an hospital as soon as it should be
erected; which coming to the ears of the humane and generous Mr.
Thomas Coram, a commander of a ship in the merchants service, he
left the sea to sollicit a charter for the establishment of this
charity, and with unwearied assiduity spent all the remainder of his
life in promoting this great design; from no other motive than his
zeal for the public, and his compassion for the helpless innocents
who were frequently dropped in the streets, or murdered to conceal
the shame of their parents.
Before he presented any petition to his Majesty, he was advised to
procure a recommendation of his design from some persons of quality
and distinction. This he sollicited with unwearied diligence, by
which means he procured the following memorial to be signed by the
Ladies whose names are under-written.
“Whereas among the many excellent designs and institutions
of charity which this nation, and especially the city of
London, has hitherto encouraged and established, no
expedient has yet been found out for preventing the frequent
murders of poor miserable infants at their birth; or for
suppressing the inhuman custom of exposing new-born infants
to perish in the streets; or the putting out such unhappy
foundlings to wicked and barbarous nurses, who, undertaking
to bring them up for a small and trifling sum of money, do
often suffer them to starve for want of due sustenance or
care; or, if permitted to live, either turn them into the
streets to beg or steal, or hire them out to loose persons
by whom they are trained up in that infamous way of living,
and sometimes are blinded, or maimed and distorted in their
limbs, in order to move pity and compassion, and thereby
become fitter instruments of gain to those vile merciless
wretches.
“For a beginning to redress so deplorable a grievance, and
to prevent as well the effusion of so much innocent blood,
as the fatal consequences of that idleness, beggary, or
stealing, in which such poor foundlings are generally bred
up; and to enable them, by an early and effectual care of
their education, to become useful members of the
commonwealth: We, whose names are underwritten, being deeply
touched with compassion for the sufferings and lamentable
condition of such poor abandoned helpless infants, as well
as the enormous abuses and mischiefs to which they are
exposed; and in order to supply the government plentifully
with useful hands on many occasions; and for the better
producing good and faithful servants from amongst the poor
and miserable cast-off children, or foundlings, now a pest
to the public, and a chargeable nuisance within the bills of
mortality; and for settling a yearly income for their
maintenance and proper education, till they come to a fit
age for service; are desirous to encourage, and willing to
contribute towards erecting an hospital for infants whom
their parents are not able to maintain, and have no right to
any parish; which we conceive will not only prevent many
horrid murders, cruelties, and other mischiefs, and be
greatly beneficial to the public; but will also be
acceptable to God Almighty, as being the only remedy of such
great evils, which have been so long neglected, though
always complained of; provided due and proper care be taken
for setting on foot so necessary an establishment, and a
royal charter be granted by the King to such persons as his
Majesty shall approve of, who shall be willing to become
benefactors for the erecting and endowing such an hospital;
and for the receiving the voluntary contributions of
charitable and well-disposed persons; and for directing and
managing the affairs thereof _gratis_, to the best
advantage, under such regulations as his Majesty, in his
great wisdom, shall judge most proper for attaining the
desired effect of our good intentions.”
Charlotte Somerset.
S. Richmond.
H. Bolton.
Anne Bolton.
I. Leeds.
A. Bedford.
M. Cavendish Portland.
J. Manchester.
F. Hartford.
M. Harold.
S. Huntington.
F. Wa. & Nottingham.
E. Cardigan.
Dorothy Burlington.
F. Litchfield.
A. Albemarle.
F. Biron.
A. Trevor.
A. Torrington.
E. Onslow.
A. King.
Mr. Coram having, to the everlasting honour of the above Ladies,
obtained so many names to this recommendation, procured another to
the same purpose, signed by a great number of noblemen and
gentlemen, and annexed both these to his petition to the King. Upon
this his Majesty was graciously pleased to grant his royal charter
for establishing this hospital, which was dated the 17th of October,
1739.
In pursuance of this patent, the Duke of Bedford, who was appointed
the first President, summoned the several members of the society to
meet him at Somerset House on the 20th of Nov. when most of the
noblemen and gentlemen mentioned in the charter being assembled,
Thomas Coram, Esq; thanked his Grace, and the rest of the noblemen
and gentlemen, for their protection and assistance in promoting the
patent. A committee of fifteen noblemen and gentlemen were chosen to
manage the estate and effects of the hospital; and it was ordered,
that accounts of several hospitals of this nature in other countries
should be obtained as soon as possible; for which purpose
application was made to his Majesty’s Ambassadors and Ministers
abroad, and the Governors soon after received authentic accounts of
the institutions and regulations of the hospitals of Amsterdam,
Paris, and Lisbon, for the reception of infants; and have since also
been favoured with that of Venice; and, tho’ these institutions were
all accommodated to the laws and governments of their respective
countries, and were therefore unfit or impracticable to be wholly
executed in this kingdom, yet they afforded useful instructions
towards forming a plan for the government of this hospital. Books
were now opened, and the Governors obtained large subscriptions; the
work went on with great spirit; an act of parliament was obtained to
confirm and enlarge the powers granted by his Majesty to the
Governors and Guardians of the hospital. A piece of ground was
purchased in Lamb’s Conduit fields, of the Earl of Salisbury, which
his Lordship not only sold at a very reasonable price, but promoted
the charity by a noble benefaction.
As the building an hospital would necessarily take up much time, and
the Governors were extremely desirous of beginning to take in
children, they hired a large house in Hatton Garden, nurses were
provided, and it was resolved that sixty children should be
admitted. As the funds increased, more and more were received; and
it was soon thought impracticable to provide a sufficient number of
healthy wet nurses, therefore the children were intrusted to the
care of dry nurses: but the ill consequences of this regulation soon
appeared; much fewer dying in proportion to their number, among
those that sucked, than among those that were weaned; and it was
also found by experience, that of the young children sent into the
country, fewer dyed in proportion to their numbers, than those who
remained in the hospital. These observations determined the
committee to come to a resolution to send all the children that
should be taken in, as soon as possible into the country, and to
allow them to remain there till three years old; and that all such
as would suck, should have wet nurses only. Some time after the
children were ordered to be inoculated, which was attended with
great success.
In 1745, one wing of the hospital being finished, the committee
ordered the children to be removed thither, and quitted the house in
Hatton Garden. A chapel being now much wanted, and several Ladies of
quality being desirous of contributing to it, a subscription was
opened for that purpose, the first stone was laid on the first of
May 1747, and a neat and elegant edifice was soon erected.
[Illustration:
_South East View of the Foundling Hospital._
]
[Illustration:
_Front of the Same._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._
]
On the 29th of March 1749, the Governors at a general court being
informed of the increase of benefactions to this charity, of the
number of the children, and the expediency of keeping the boys
separate from the girls, gave directions for building the other wing
of the hospital, and the whole design has been since compleated.
These wings are directly opposite to each other, and are built in a
plain but regular, substantial, and convenient manner, of brick,
with handsome piazzas. It is well suited to the purpose, and as fine
as hospitals should be. On the farthest end is placed the chapel,
which is joined to the wings by an arch on each side, and is very
elegant within. Before the hospital is a large piece of ground, on
each side whereof is a colonade of great length, which also extends
towards the gates, that are double, with a massy pier between, so
that coaches may pass and repass at the same time; and on each side
is a door to admit those on foot. The large area between this outer
gate and the hospital is adorned with grass plats, gravel walks, and
lamps erected upon handsome posts: besides which there are two
handsome gardens. The print shews the hospital in two different
views.
In erecting these buildings particular care was taken to render them
neat and substantial, without any costly decorations; but the first
wing of the hospital was scarcely inhabited, when several eminent
masters in painting, carving, and other of the polite arts, were
pleased to contribute many elegant ornaments, which are placed in
the hospital as monuments of the charity and abilities of these
great masters.
In the court room are placed four capital pictures, taken from
sacred history, the subjects of which are suitable to the place for
which they were designed.
The first, which is painted by Mr. Hayman, is taken from Exodus ii.
8, 9. “The maid went and called the child’s mother, and Pharaoh’s
daughter said unto her, Take this child away and nurse it for me,
and I will give you wages.”
The following verse is the subject of the next picture, done by Mr.
Hogarth, viz. “And the child grew up, and she brought him to
Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son, and she called his name
Moses.”
The third picture is the history of Ishmael, painted by Mr.
Highmore, the subject of which is taken from Gen. xxi. 17. “And the
angel of the Lord called to Hagar out of heaven, and said to her,
What aileth thee, Hagar? Fear not, for God hath heard the voice of
the lad where he is.”
The fourth picture is painted by Mr. Wills, and is taken from Luke
xviii. 16. “Jesus said, Suffer little children to come unto me, and
forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven.”
On each side of these pictures are placed small drawings in circular
frames of the most considerable hospitals in and about London, done
by Mr. Haytley, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Whale, and Mr. Gainsborough.
Over the chimney is placed a very curious bas relief, done by Mr.
Rysbrack, and presented by him, representing children employed in
husbandry and navigation; to which employments those in the hospital
are destined.
The other ornaments of the room were given by several ingenious
workmen, who had been employed in building the hospital, and were
willing to contribute to adorn it. The stucco work was given by Mr.
William Wilton; the marble chimney piece, by Mr. Deval; the table
with its frame curiously carved, by Mr. John Saunderson; and the
glass by Mr. Hallet.
In the other rooms of the hospital are the pictures of several of
the governors and benefactors, viz. Mr. Thomas Coram, by Mr.
Hogarth; Mr. Milner and Mr. Jacobson, by Mr. Hudson; Dr. Mead, by
Mr. Ramsey; and Mr. Emerson, by Mr. Highmore. In the dining room is
a large and beautiful sea piece of the English fleet in the Downs by
Mr. Monamy; and over the chimney in another room is Mr. Hogarth’s
original painting of the march to Finchley.
In the chapel the altar piece is finely painted by a fine Italian
painter, representing the wisemen making their offerings to the
infant Jesus, who is held in his mother’s arms. And here we ought
not to forget the fine organ presented by Mr. Handel, who has even
made this of great benefit to the hospital, and from the most
benevolent views, has enriched the foundation by a new revenue
raised from the powers of harmony, and has had a sacred oratorio
performed several times in the year, to crowded audiences, in which
he himself played upon the organ gratis.
Several very handsome shields done in lead, were given by Mr. Ives,
and placed over the charity boxes, with proper inscriptions; and
other artists have contributed their labours to the ornamenting of
the hospital and chapel; for which they received the thanks of the
corporation: and an inscription is put up, to inform the public,
that these ornaments were the benefactions of the several artists
whose names are wrote thereon; it being a fixed resolution of the
Governors, that no part of the money given to this hospital be
expended in any thing that is not proper to answer the good
intentions of the benefactors.
After mentioning the above benefactions, it ought not to be omitted,
that the Earl Marshal of England has been pleased to honour the
corporation with the grant of a coat of arms; the kings at arms, and
officers of the Heralds office, being so charitable as to remit all
the fees due to them on that occasion: and that Dr. Cadogan, a
Physician of Bristol, has been at the pains of writing an excellent
pamphlet for the use of the hospital, containing instructions for
the nursing and management of children from their birth to three
years of age, which is published for the benefit of the hospital.
In the infancy of this hospital, those children not exceeding two
months old, who were brought first were received, till the number
the Governors had agreed to admit was completed; but this only
continued for a short time, the number that came for admittance
occasioned great disturbance among the persons who brought them,
every one striving to deliver her child first, for fear of being
excluded by delivering it too late. This necessarily occasioned a
new regulation.