lane.* 4. Golden lane.* 5. Gray’s Inn lane.*
CRADLE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Cow Cross.* 3. Fenchurch
street.* 4. Fore street, Moorgate.* 5. Golden lane.* 6. St Mary Ax.*
7. Redcross street, Cripplegate.*
CRAIG’S _court_. Charing Cross.†
CRANBURN LODGE, a fine house in Berkshire in the middle of Windsor
Forest. It was built by the late Earl of Ranelagh; and is now in
possession of his granddaughter the Countess of Coventry. As it is
seated on a hill, it commands a most delightful prospect.
CRANE _alley_, 1. Chancery lane.* 2. Old Change, Cheapside.*
CRANEBOURN _alley_, Little Newport street, Leicester fields.†
CRANEBOURN _passage_, Cranebourn alley.†
CRANE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street. 2. Fleet street. 3. Lambeth hill.
4. Old Change.
CRANFORD, a village on the north west side of Hounslow. It has a
charity school, and a bridge over the river Crane; and here the Earl
of Berkley has a seat.
CRAVEN _buildings_, Drury lane, from the house of the noble family of
Craven at the end of Drury lane.
CRAVEN _court_, Craven street.†
CRAVEN _mews_, Drury lane.† See MEWS.
CRAVEN _street_, in the Strand.†
CRAVEN _wood yard_, May-pole alley, Wych street.
CRAVEN _yard_, Drury lane.†
CRAWFORD’S _court_, Rosemary lane.†
CRAY. There are several villages of this name in Kent, situated on the
small river Cray, from which they take their names. This stream
rises a little to the south west of St. Mary Cray, runs by that
town, and passing by Paul’s Cray, Foot’s Cray, and North Cray, runs
into the Darent, near its conflux with the Thames at Dartford creek,
opposite to Purfleet. The principal of these places is St. Mary
Cray, about which are many woods of birch, from which the
broom-makers in Kent street, Southwark, are supplied.
CRAYFORD, a town near Dartford in Kent, is 14 miles from London, and
obtained its name from its having anciently a ford over the river
Cray, or Crouch, a little above its influx into the Thames. In the
adjacent heath and fields are several caves, supposed to have been
formed by the Saxons as places of security and shelter for their
wives, children, and effects, during their wars with the Britons.
CREECHURCH _court_, Creechurch lane.☐ See ST. CATHARINE _Creechurch_.
CREECHURCH _lane_, Leadenhall street.☐
CREED _lane_, Ludgate street. See PATERNOSTER ROW.
CRIPPLEGATE, so named from some cripples who anciently begged there,
appears to have been one of the original gates of the city, and is
situated 1032 feet to the west of Moorgate. It has been many times
rebuilt, but the present structure, which was repaired in 1663,
seems to have stood between two and three hundred years. It is a
very plain solid edifice, void of all ornament. It has only one
postern, and has more the appearance of a fortification than any of
the others.
CRIPPLEGATE WARD, is very large, and consists of two parts, one lying
within Cripplegate and London Wall, and the other reaching to the
extent of the city liberties. The whole ward extends from Cheapside
on the south, to beyond Bridgewater square in the north; and from
Jewin street in the west, to Back street, Moorfields, in the east;
it being bounded on the north by the parish of St. Luke, without the
freedom; on the west by Aldersgate ward; on the south by Cheap ward;
and on the east, by little Moorfields, part of Coleman street ward,
Bassishaw ward, and Cheap ward.
The principal streets, &c. within the walls are, Milk street,
Aldermanbury, Love lane, Wood street, Silver street, Addle street,
and a very small part of Cheapside, containing 170 feet eastward
from Wood street. The chief places without the walls are, Fore
street, Moor lane, Whitecross street to beyond Beech lane, Redcross
street, Beech lane, part of Barbican, and all Bridgewater square.
The principal buildings in this ward are the parish churches of St.
Giles Cripplegate, St. Alphage, St. Alban’s Wood street, St.
Michael’s Woodstreet, and St. Mary Aldermanbury; Lamb’s chapel, Sion
college, Dr. Williams’s Library; and the halls of the Haberdashers,
Waxchandlers, Plaisterers, Brewers, Curriers, Bowyers, and Loriners
companies.
This ward is governed by an Alderman, and within the gate are eight
Common Council men, fifteen wardmote inquest men, twelve scavengers,
nine constables, and a beadle. Without the gate there are four
Common Council, seventeen wardmote inquest men, four scavengers, two
constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote
inquest serve in the several courts in Guildhall in the month of
March.
CRISPIN’S _alley_, Holiwell street.*
CRISPIN _street_, Smock alley, Spitalfields.*
CROFT’S _yard_, East Smithfield.†
CROOKED BILLET _court_, Long alley, Moorfields.*
CROOKED BILLET _wharf_, Millbank.*
CROOKED _lane_, 1. Mint street. 2. New Fish street.
CROPP’S _alley_, Back street, Lambeth.†
CROPP’S _yard_, Back lane, Lambeth.†
CROSBY’S _court_, Charterhouse street.†
CROSBY’S _square_, Bishopsgate street. Here was anciently a very large
house, built by Sir John Crosby, grocer and woolman, called _Crosby
Place_.
CROSBY SQUARE _passage_, St. Mary Ax.☐ Crosby street, 1. Free School
street. 2. St. Mary Ax.
CROSS _alley_, 1. George alley, Shoe lane. 2. Marigold street. 3. One
Gun alley, Wapping. 4. Upper Well alley, Wapping.§
CROSS _court_, 1. Beaufort Buildings in the Strand, 2. Carnaby street.
3. London Wall. 4. Russel street.
CROSS _lane_, 1. Bush lane. 2. Cartwright street. 3. St. Dunstan’s
hill. 4. Hartshorn lane in the Strand, 5. Long Acre. 6. Love lane,
Little Eastcheap, 7. Marigold street. 8. St. Mary hill. 9. Parker’s
lane, Drury lane. 10. Shad Thames.
CROSS _row_, Islington.
CROSS _street_, 1. Carnaby street. 2. Essex street in the Strand. 3.
Hatton Garden, 4. Islington. 5. King’s street, Oxford street. 6.
Lukener’s lane. 7. Rotherhith.
CROSS DAGGERS _court_, Grub street, near Moorfields.*
CROSSED GUNS _court_, Rosemary lane.*
CROSS HARPER’S _court_, Whitecross street.
CROSS KEYS _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.*. 2. Blackman street.* 3.
Norton Falgate.* 4. Without Temple Bar.* 5. Watling street.* 6.
Whitechapel.* 7. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
CROSS KEYS _court_, 1. Chick lane.* 2. Grape street.* 3. Little
Britain.* 4. London Wall.* 5. Queen street, Cheapside.* 6. Watling
street.* 7. Whitechapel.* 8. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
CROSS KEYS _yard_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
CROSS KEYS _Inn yard_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
CROSS SHOVEL _alley_, Blackman street.*
CROW _alley_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
CROWD _alley_, Salisbury court, Fleet street.
CROWDER’S _rents_, Narrow street, Ratcliff.†
CROWDER’S WELL, a spring of clear water admired for its medicinal
virtues. It is on the back of the church yard of St. Giles’s
Cripplegate.
CROWDER’S WELL _alley_, Jewin street.☐
CROWFOOT’S _court_, Rosemary lane.
CROWN _alley_, 1. Back side.* 2. Broad St. Giles’s.* 3. Dorset street,
Fleet street.* 4. King Tudor street.* 5. In the Minories.* 6.
Petticoat lane.* 7. Tooley street.* 8. Upper Moorfields.* 9.
Whitecross street, Old street.* 10. White street, Horselydown.* 11.
White’s yard.*
CROWN _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Angel hill.* 3. Bank side.*
4. Back lane.* 5. Broad street, Moorfields. 6. Butcherhall lane.* 7.
Butcher row, Temple Bar.* 8. St. Catharine’s lane.* 9. Chancery
lane.* 10. Cheapside.* 11. Chick lane.* 12. Church lane, Rag Fair.*
14. Cock lane, Shoreditch.* 15. Cow lane, West Smithfield.* 16.
Crown alley. 17. Dancing Bridge lane.* 18. Dean’s street, Soho.* 19.
Dorset Gardens.* 20. Duke street, Westminster.* 21. Dunning’s alley,
Bishopsgate street.* 22. East Smithfield.* 23. Fleet street.* 24.
French alley.* 25. Gerrard street.* 26. St. Giles’s Broadway.* 27.
Golden lane.* 28. Gracechurch street.* 29. Grub street.* 30.
Horselydown.* 31. King John’s court.* 32. King street, St. James’s.*
33. King’s street, Tooley street.* 34. Knaves Acre.* 35. Little
Moorfields.* 36. Little Pearl street.* 37. Little Russel street,
Drury lane.* 38. Long Acre.* 39. Long Walk, Christ’s Hospital.* 40.
Narrow Wall, Deadman’s place. 41. Newgate street.* 42. New Gravel
lane.* 43. Newington Butts.* 44. Old Change.* 45. Petticoat lane.*
46. Pickleherring street.* 47. Portpool lane.* 48. Princess street,
Soho.* 49. Quaker street.* 50. Rosemary lane.* 51. Seething lane.*
52. Sherwood street.* 53. Ship street.* 54. Sun Tavern fields.* 55.
Thieving lane. 56. Threadneedle street.* 57. Tower ditch.* 58.
Trinity lane.* 59. Turnagain lane.* 60. Warwick lane, Newgate
street.* 61. White’s alley.* 62. Whitecross street.* 63. White
Friars, Fleet street.* 64. Worcester street.*
CROWN AND CUSHION _court_, West Smithfield.*
CROWN AND SCEPTRE _court_, St. James’s street, Pall Mall.*
CROWN AND SHEERS _court_, Rosemary lane.*
CROWN _Office_, in Bell yard, Chancery lane. This is an office of
great importance, under the Clerk of the crown, who is either by
himself, or his deputy, continually to attend the Lord Chancellor,
or Lord Keeper, for special matters of state; he has therefore a
place appointed for him in the house of Lords. He makes all writs
for the election of members of parliament, upon a warrant directed
to him on the death or removal of any member; and also commissions
of oyer and terminer, jail delivery, commissions of peace, and many
other commissions for distributing justice to the King’s subjects.
This office is sometimes executed by a deputy. _Chamb. Pres. State._
CROWN OFFICE _row_, Inner Temple.
CROWN _street_. 1. Hoxton.* 2. Wapping.*
CROWN _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Nightingale lane.*
CROYDON, a large and populous town in Surry, situated on the edge of
Bansted Downs, ten miles and a half from London. ’Tis said there was
once a royal palace in this place, which was given with the manor to
the Archbishops of Canterbury, who converted it into a palace for
themselves; but it is now much decayed. Archbishop Whitgift founded
an hospital here, which he endowed with farms for the support of a
warden, and twenty-eight men and women, decayed house-keepers of
Croydon and Lambeth, with a school for ten boys, and as many girls,
with 20_l._ a year and a house for the master, who must be a
clergyman. The church, which is esteemed the finest and largest in
the county, has several stately monuments, particularly one for
Archbishop Grindall, another for Archbishop Sheldon, and another for
Mr. Francis Tyrrel, a grocer in London, who generously gave 200_l._
to build the market house. Here is a great corn market on Saturdays,
chiefly for oats and oatmeal for the service of London; and the
adjacent hills being well covered with wood, great quantities of
charcoal are made and sent to this city.
CRUCIFIX _lane_, Barnaby street.
CRUTCHED FRIARS. This street took its name from a monastery of the
Holy Cross at the south east corner of Hart street, near Tower hill.
This monastery was founded about the year 1298, and continued till
the suppression of the other religious houses. In the reign of Henry
VIII. a Prior of this house being found in bed with a whore in the
day time, by the Visitors appointed by the Lord Cromwell, he
distributed thirty pounds among them, and promised them as much
more; an account of which being sent by the Visitors to Cromwell,
these scandalous crimes hastened the dissolution of monasteries. The
ruins of this religious house are not now to be seen, and nothing of
it remains but the name, which is given to the street, that is more
commonly called Crutched Friars, than Hart street. In the place
where the monastery stood, is now erected the Navy office, and many
other handsome buildings.
CUCKOLD’S _court_, Thames street.║
CUCKOLD’S _point_, Rotherhith Wall.║
CUCKOLD’S POINT _stairs_, Rotherhith.║
CUCUMBER _alley_, 1. Queen street, Seven Dials. 2. Ship yard, Temple
Bar.
CULLUM _street_, Fenchurch street; it takes its name from Sir Thomas
Cullum, Knt. who built it. _Maitland._
CULVER _court_, Fenchurch street.
CUMBERLAND _court_, Bartholomew close.†
CUMBER’S _court_, Blackman street.†
CUMBER’S _paved court_, Blackman street.†
CUPER’S _bridge_, Narrow Wall, Lambeth.†
CUPER’S _bridge stairs_, Cuper’s bridge.†
CUPER’S GARDENS, near the south bank of the Thames, opposite to
Somerset house, and in the parish of Lambeth, was for several years
a place of public entertainment: the gardens were illuminated, and
the company entertained by a band of music, and fire works; but
this, with other places of the same kind, has been lately
discontinued by an act that has reduced the number of these seats of
luxury and dissipation. Here are several statues, &c. the remains of
Greek and Roman antiquities, that have been much disfigured by time
and bad usage, supposed to be part of the famous collection of the
Earl of Arundel, but being broken and defaced, were not thought good
enough to be presented to the university of Oxford, and put among
the _Marmoria Arundeliana_; they were therefore removed hither, when
Arundel house on the other side of the Thames was turned into a
street.
CUPID’S _alley_, Golden lane.
CUPID’S _street_, Coverley’s fields.
CURE’S _Almshouse_, in College yard, Deadman’s Place, Southwark, was
founded by Thomas Cure, Esq; in the year 1584, for the reception of
sixteen poor men and women, with an allowance of twenty pence a week
each; and by the additional benefactions of his son and Mrs.
Appleby, each of them receives an additional allowance of 16_s._ a
year.
CURLL’S _court_, In the Strand.†
CURRIERS, a company of considerable antiquity, since, according to Mr.
Stow, they founded a religious fraternity in the convent of White
Friars, Fleet street, so early as in the year 1367; they were
however not incorporated by letters patent till the year 1605. This
company consists of a Master, two Wardens, twelve Assistants, and
103 Liverymen, whose fine is 9_l._ 13_s._ 4_d_. They have a pretty
handsome hall near Cripplegate.
CURRIERS _alley_, 1. Bristol street, 2. Shoe lane.
CURRIERS ARMS _Inn yard_, Fann’s alley.*
CURRIERS _court_, London Wall.
CURSITORS _Office_, in Chancery lane, where is made out original
writs. The Clerks, who are twenty-four in number, were anciently
called _Clerici Brevium de Cursu_, and each hath certain counties
and cities allotted them, for which they make out such original
writs as are required; they are a distinct corporation, and each of
them executes his respective duty by himself or his deputy. This
office was erected by Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper, in the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, and the father of the celebrated Sir Francis
Bacon.
CURSITORS _alley_, Chancery lane.☐
CURSITORS _street_, Chancery lane.☐
CURTAIN _row_, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.
CURZON _street_, MayFair, a long street, with some grand houses on the
south side, and on the north side is the house of the Lord Fane.
CUSHION _court_, 1. Little Broad street. 2. Pig street.
_The_ CUSTOM HOUSE, a commodious building, erected for the receipt of
his Majesty’s customs on goods imported and exported. It is situated
near the east end of Thames street, and its front opens to the
wharfs and rivers. In ancient times the business of the Custom House
was transacted in a more irregular manner at Billingsgate: but in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth a building was erected here for this
purpose; for in the year 1559, an act being passed that goods should
be no where landed, but in such places as were appointed by the
Commissioners of the revenue, this was the spot fixed upon for the
entries in the port of London, and here a Custom House was ordered
to be erected; it was however destroyed by fire with the rest of the
city in 1666, and was rebuilt with additions two years after by King
Charles II. in a much more magnificent and commodious manner, at the
expence of 10,000_l._ but that being also destroyed in the same
manner in 1718, the present structure was erected in its place.
[Illustration:
_Custom House._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]
This edifice is built with brick and stone, and is calculated to
stand for ages. It has underneath and on each side, large warehouses
for the reception of goods on the public account, and that side of
the Thames for a great extent is filled with wharfs, keys, and
cranes for landing them. The Custom House is 189 feet in length: the
center is twenty-seven feet deep, and the wings considerably more.
The center stands back from the river; the wings approach much
nearer to it, and the building is judiciously and handsomely
decorated with the orders of architecture: under the wings is a
colonade of the Tuscan order, and the upper story is ornamented with
Ionic columns and pediments. It consists of two floors, in the
uppermost of which is a magnificent room fifteen feet high, that
runs almost the whole length of the building: this is called the
Long Room, and here sit the Commissioners of the customs, with their
officers and clerks. The inner part is well disposed, and
sufficiently enlightened; and the entrances are so well contrived,
as to answer all the purposes of convenience.
Though we cannot call this a very beautiful building, yet from its
great utility, and the conspicuous place in which it stands, we
thought a representation of it by a print could not be omitted.
It is observable that in the year 1590, the customs and subsidies in
the port of London inwards, were let to farm to Mr. Thomas Smith,
for 20,000_l._ _per annum_, when it was discovered that they
amounted annually to 30309_l._ so that Queen Elizabeth lost every
year 10,309_l._ but by the vast increase of commerce since that
time, they at present bring in above an hundred times as much, the
customs now annually amounting to above two millions, and yet this
immense business is transacted with as much order and regularity, as
the common affairs of a merchant’s counting house.
The government of the Custom House is under the care of nine
Commissioners, who are entrusted with the whole management of all
his Majesty’s customs in all the ports of England, the petty farms
excepted, and also the oversight of all the officers belonging to
them. Each of these Commissioners has a salary of 1000_l._ a year,
and both they, and several of the principal officers under them,
hold their places by patent from the King. The other officers are
appointed by warrant from the Lords of the Treasury.
CUSTOM HOUSE _court_, Beer lane.☐
CUSTOM HOUSE _key_, Thames street.☐
CUSTOM HOUSE _stairs_, Thames street.☐
CUSTOS BREVIUM, the first clerk of the court of Common Pleas, whose
office is to receive and keep all writs returnable in that court,
and to receive of the Prothonotaries all records of _nisi prius_
called _posteas_. He holds his place by patent from the King, and
has the gift of the second Prothonotary’s place, and of the Clerk of
the juries. This office is in Brick court, near the Middle Temple.
See COMMON PLEAS.
CUTLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
Henry V. in the year 1417, and afterwards united to the haft and
sheath makers. This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens,
and twenty-one Assistants, with a livery of 110 members, who upon
their admission pay a fine of 10_l._ They have a neat and convenient
hall in Cloak lane, Dowgate hill.
CUTLERS _street_, Houndsditch.
CUTTERS _rents_, Gravel lane.
CUT-THROAT _lane_, 1. Cock hill, Ratcliff. 2. Upper Shadwell.
CUTTING _alley_, New North street.
D.
DACRE’S _street_, New Tothill street.
DAGENHAM, a village in Essex, nine miles from London. About forty
years ago, the Thames near this place bursting its banks, laid near
5000 acres of land under water; but after this inundation had
continued near ten years, it was stopped by Captain Perry, who had
been employed several years by the Czar of Muscovy, in his works at
Veronitza on the river Don.
DAGGER _alley_, 1. St. Peter’s hill.* 2. Peter street, Cow Cross.* 3.
Quaker street, Spitalfields.*
DAGGER _court_, 1. Quaker street.* 2. Moorfields.*
DANCING _bridge_, 1. Pickleherring stairs.║ 2. Potters fields, Tooley
street.║
DANCING BRIDGE _stairs_, Pickleherring street.║
DANVERS _yard_, Seething lane.†
DARBY _court_, 1. Canon row.† 2. Channel row, Westminster.† 3.
Piccadilly.†
DARK _entry_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. Shoemaker row, Aldgate.
DARKHOUSE _lane_, Thames street.
DARKING, a town in Surry, situated on a branch of the Mole, a little
before it runs under ground. This town, which is very ancient, is 24
miles from London. It was destroyed by the Danes, but was rebuilt
either by Canute or the Normans; and the great Roman causeway called
Stony Street passes through the church yard. This place is famous
for its meal trade, and its market for poultry, particularly for the
largest geese and the fattest capons, which are brought hither from
Horsham in Sussex; and the whole business of the people for many
miles, consists in breeding and fattening them. Its market is on
Thursdays, and its fair on Holy Thursday is the greatest in England
for lambs. It is remarkable, that according to a custom of the
manor, the youngest son or youngest brother of a customary tenant,
is heir of the customary estate of the tenant dying intestate. Near
the town is a heath, called the Cottman Dean, (i. e. the heath of
poor cottages) on which stands their almshouse; and that heath, in
the opinion of some learned physicians, has the best air in England.
Near this town stands Mr. Howard’s house and gardens called Deepden,
situated in a small valley on every side surrounded with hills. The
level ground about the house was laid out into pleasant walks and
gardens, planted with a great variety of exotic trees and plants,
and the hills planted with trees, except on the south aspect, which
was covered with vines. But both the gardens and vineyard, though
the latter has produced good wine, have been neglected, and many of
the exotic trees have been destroyed. On the top of the hill, above
the vineyard, is a summer house, from which, in a clear day, the sea
may be discerned over the south downs.
DARTFORD, a town in Kent, sixteen miles from London, is more properly
called _Darentford_, from its being situated on the river Darent,
which runs through it, and at a small distance falls into the
Thames. The town has a harbour for barges, and is finely watered by
two or three good springs. King Edward III. had a general tournament
performed here by his nobles, and also here founded a convent, whose
abbess and nuns were, for the most part, of the noblest families in
the kingdom; and this convent King Henry VIII. turned into a palace.
Henry VI. founded an almshouse here in honour of the Trinity, to
which the church is dedicated, for five poor decrepid men, to be
governed by the Vicar and Wardens, who were constituted a body
corporate, with a common seal, and a power to assign lands and rents
to the hospital, to the value of 20_l._ _per annum_. On this river
the first paper mill in England was erected by Sir John Spilman, who
obtained a patent and 200_l._ a year from King Charles I. to enable
him to carry on that manufacture: and on this river was also the
first mill for slitting iron bars for making wire. The town is full
of inns and other public houses, on account of its being a great
thoroughfare to Canterbury and Dover. The market, which is on
Saturdays, is chiefly for corn, and the town has the honour of
giving the title of Viscount to the Earl of Jersey.
DARTMOUTH _street_, Tothill street.
DART’S _alley_, Whitechapel.†
DART’S _rents_, Long alley, Moorfields.†
DASHWOOD’S _wharf_, at the Old Swan, Thames street.†
DATCHET, a pleasant village in Buckinghamshire, situated near Windsor,
is noted for its horse races, and has a bridge over the Thames built
in the reign of Queen Anne. At a small distance is Ditton Park.
DAVID AND HARP _alley_, Whitechapel.*
DAVID AND HARP _court_, Grub street.*
DAVID _street_, Grosvenor square.
DAVIS _yard_, Coventry street.†
DAVIS’S _rents_, Kent street, Southwark.†
DAWSON’S _alley_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
DAWSON’S _rents_, Old Gravel lane.†