62. “Visit to Bible Rescue Mission,” Nels Anderson’s
experience, spring, 1922.
63. _Salvation Army Revival_, Sherman O. Cooper.
64. Case of “X” at the Bible Rescue Mission, bears public
testimony to former badness.
65. Ex-bum and wife deserter, graduate foreign university,
steady man now.
66. Mission worker, “saved” twenty years ago, was alcoholic
and a failure, in business now.
67. German, Madison Street bum, came into mission to get
warm, got religion, left old life.
68. Ex-drunkard, often thrown out of mission, finally got
converted and is a new man.
69. Young man, mission “stiff,” easily converted, became a
“backslider” next day.
71. Wife deserter, mission hanger-on, clean, erect, active
but avoids work.
99. Letter by Bill Quirke to _Hobo News_ on missions in Los
Angeles. He assails missions.
118. Ex-soldier in Legion headquarters, trying to get job
on strength of army experience.
143. _Study of Missions and Mission Characters_, L. G.
Brown, 1923.
156. _A Study of Missions_, H. D. Wolf, August, 1922.
APPENDIX A. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
128. Unpublished materials by Nels Anderson, covering his
study of 400 tramps, 230 typewritten pages.
144. _Study of 110 Runaway Boys in Chicago Detention Home_,
F. C. Frey and B. W. Bridgman, 1922.
148. “Outline of Program for the Prevention and Treatment
of Vagrancy,” prepared by the Committee on Relief of the
Chicago Council of Social Agencies, and submitted to the
Executive Committee of the Council, June 13, 1918.
154. Responses to requests for information on the homeless
man problem from social agencies in the larger American
cities.
APPENDIX C
BIBLIOGRAPHY
HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF WANDERLUST AND VAGRANCY
AYDELOTTE, FRANK, _Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds_
(“Oxford Historical and Literary Studies”). Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1913. Pp. 187.
FLORIAN, EUGENIO, _I Vagabondi Studio
Sociologico-guiridico, Parte prima, L’Evoluzione del
Vagabondaggio_. Torino, 1897. Pp. 1-124.
HUTTEN, JOHN CAMDEN, _The Book of Vagabonds and Beggars_.
Translated and printed in England by Hutton, 1860.
JOFFROY AND DUPOUY, _Fugues et Vagabondage_. Paris: Alcan,
1909. Pp. 368.
MARIE, A. A., AND MEUNIER, R., _Les Vagabonds_. Paris: Giard
and Brière, 1908. Pp. 331.
MARIET, “Le vagabondage constitutionnel des dégénéres”
(continued article), _Annales medicopsychologique_, 1911-12.
MAYHEW, HENRY, _London Labour and the London Poor_. London:
Griffin, 1862. Pp. 504.
PAGNIER, ARMAND, _Du Vagabondage et des Vagabonds, Étude
Psychologique, Sociologique et Medico-legale_. Lyons,
France: 1906.
PARKER, CARLTON H., _The Casual Laborer_. New York:
Harcourt, Brace & Howe, 1920. Pp. 199.
RIBTON-TURNER, CHARLES J., _A History of Vagrants and
Vagrancy and Beggars and Begging_. London: 1887. Pp. 720.
SPEEK, PETER A., “The Psychology of the Floating Workers,”
_Annals of the Amer. Acad. of Pol. and Soc. Science_
(Philadelphia), LXIX, 72-78.
TANNENBAUM, FRANK, _The Labor Movement_. New York: Putnam,
1921. Pp. 259.
THANET, OCTAVE, “The Tramp in Four Centuries,” _Lippincotts_,
XXIII (May, 1879), 565.
TUGWELL, REXFORD G., “The Gypsy Strain,” _Pacific Monthly
Review_, III, 177-96.
WILMANNS, KARL, _Zur Psychopathologie des Landstreichers_.
Leipzig: Barth, 1906. Pp. 418.
WILMANNS, KARL, “Psychoses among Tramps,” _Centralblatt für
Nervenheilkunde_, December, 1902.
THE LABOR MARKET AND INDUSTRIAL MOBILITY
BAKER, OLIVER E., _Seed Time and Harvest_, _Bull. United
States Dept. of Agric., No. 183_, March, 1922.
BRISSENDEN, PAUL F., “Measurement of Labor Mobility,” _Jour.
of Pol. Econ._, XXVIII (June, 1920), 441-76.
BRISSENDEN, PAUL F., AND FRANKEL, EMIL, “Mobility of
Industrial Labor,” _Pol. Science Quar._, XXXV (December,
1920), 566-600.
DEVINE, EDWARD T., “The Shiftless and Floating City
Population,” _Annals of the American Academy of Soc. and
Pol. Science_, X (September, 1897), 149-64.
FRY, LUTHER C., “Migratory Workers of Our Industries,”
_World’s Work_, XL (October, 1920), 600.
Immigration Commission, Reports of, _The Floating Immigrant
Labor Supply_ (_Immigrants in Industry_), 25 parts, XVIII,
331-525. Senate Reports, Washington, 1911.
LESCOHIER, DON D., _The Harvest Worker_, _Bull. United
States Dept. of Labor, No. 1020_, April, 1922.
LESCOHIER, DON D., _The Labor Market_. New York: Macmillan,
1919. Pp. 338.
SLICHTER, SAMUEL H., _Turnover of Factory Labor_. New York:
Appleton, 1919. Pp. 460.
THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND VAGRANCY
BEVERIDGE, W. H., _Unemployment: A Problem of Industry_.
London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1909. Pp. 317.
BLISS, W. D. P., _What Is Done for the Unemployed in
European Countries_. _United States Labor Bull. No. 76_
(1908), pp. 741-934.
BOOTH, WILLIAM, _The Vagrant and the Unemployable_. London:
1909. Pp. 79.
DAWSON, W. H., _The Vagrancy Problem_. London: P. S. King &
Son, 1910. Pp. 270.
HUNTER, ROBERT, _Property_. New York: Macmillan, 1912. Pp.
380.
KELLY, EDMOND, _The Elimination of the Tramp_. New York:
Putnam & Sons, 1908. Pp. 111.
Laws of Various States Relating to Vagrancy.
LAUBACH, FRANK C., _Why There Are Vagrants_. New York:
University of Columbia Press, 1916. Pp. 128.
LEWIS, BURDETTE G., _The Offender, and His Relations to Law
and Society_. New York: Harper, 1921. Pp. 380.
LEWIS, O. F., “Vagrancy in the United States,” _Proceedings
of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections_
(1907), pp. 52-70.
MARSH, BENJAMIN C., “Causes of Vagrancy and Methods of
Eradication,” _Annals of the Amer. Acad. of Pol. and Soc.
Science_, Vol. XXIII, No. 3, pp. 445-56. Philadelphia: 1904.
Massachusetts Association of Relief Officers, _Report on
Best Methods of Dealing with Tramps and Wayfarers_, 1901.
“The Men We Lodge,” _Report of the Advisory Social Service
Committee of the Municipal Lodging House_. New York City:
Dept, of Public Charities, 1915. Pp. 42.
NICHOLS, MALCOLM, “National Aspects of the Transient
Problem,” _The Family_, III (June, 1922), 89-91.
OSTWALD, HANS OTTO, _Die Bekämpfung der Landstreicherei_.
Stuttgart: R. Lutz, 1903. Pp. 278.
_Report of the Commissioner of Public Affairs._ Portland,
Ore.: Wood Yard, 1915.
_Report of the Mayors Committee on Unemployment._ New York
City: 1917. Pp. 132.
WOLFE, ALBERT B., _The Lodging Problem in Boston_. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1906. Pp. 200.
THE I.W.W. AND THE CASUAL LABORER
BROOKS, JOHN GRAHAM, _American Syndicalism_. New York:
Macmillan, 1913. Pp. 264.
BRISSENDEN, PAUL F., _The I.W.W.: A Study of American
Syndicalism_. New York: University of Columbia, 1920. Pp.
438.
HOXIE, R. F., “The Truth about the I.W.W.,” _Jour. of Pol.
Econ._, XXI (November, 1913), 785-97.
_I.W.W. Song Book._ Chicago: The Equity Press, 1922.
_Preamble and Constitution of the I.W.W._ Chicago: General
I.W.W. Headquarters, 1921. Pp. 69.
ST. JOHN, VINCENT, _The I.W.W., Its History, Structure and
Methods_. Chicago: The Equity Press.
TRIDON, ANDRÉ, _The New Unionism_. New York: Huebsch, 1913.
Pp. 198.
MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF THE HOBO AND THE TRAMP
BROWN, EDWIN A., _“Broke,” the Man without a Dime_. Chicago:
Brown & Howell, 1913. Pp. 370.
DAVIES, WILLIAM H., _Autobiography of a Super-Tramp_. New
York: A. A. Knopf, 1917. Pp. 345.
ELLIS, HAVELOCK, _Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Sex
Inversion_. II, 391. Philadelphia: Davis, 1915.
FORBES, JAMES, “Jockers and the Schools They Keep,”
_Charities Survey_, XI (1903), 432.
FLYNT (WILLARD), JOSIAH, _My Life_. New York: Outing
Publishing Co., 1908.
FLYNT (WILLARD), JOSIAH, _Tramping with Tramps_. New York:
Century, 1899. Pp. 398.
HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (Maj. Gen., U.S. Army), “The Menace of
Coxyism,” _North Amer. Rev._, CLVIII (1894), 687-96.
KEMP, HARRY, _The Cry of Youth_. New York: Mitchell,
Kennerley, 1914. Pp. 140.
KEMP, HARRY, _Tramping on Life_. New York: Boni &
Liveright, 1922. Pp. 438.
KNIBBS, H. H., _Songs of the Outlands_. New York: Houghton,
Mifflin Co., 1914. Pp. 73.
LINDSAY, VACHEL, _Handy Book for Beggars_. New York:
Macmillan, 1916. Pp. 205.
LONDON, JACK, _The Road_. New York: Macmillan, 1907. Pp.
224.
LONDON, JACK, _War on the Classes_. New York: Macmillan,
1905. Pp. 278.
MCCOOK, J. J., “A Census of Tramps and Its Revelations,”
_Forum_, XV, 753.
MCGREGOR, TRACY W., _Twenty Thousand Men_. Detroit:
McGregor Institute, 1922. Pp. 29.
MULLIN, GLEN, “Adventures of a Scholar Tramp,” _Century
Magazine_, Vol. CV (February and March).
SERVICE, ROBERT W., _The Spell of the Yukons_. New York:
Barse & Hopkins, 1907. Pp. 99.
WYCKOFF, W. A., _The Workers: The East_. New York:
Scribners, 1897. Pp. 270.
WYCKOFF, W. A., _The Workers: The West_. New York:
Scribners, 1898. Pp. 380.
STUDIES OF THE HOMELESS MAN IN CHICAGO
ANDERSON, NELS, “Cases Studies of Homeless Men in Chicago”
(typewritten manuscript in office of Chicago Council of
Social Agencies and Department of Sociology, University of
Chicago).
ANDERSON, NELS, “The Juvenile and the Tramp,” _Journal of
Criminal Law and Criminology_, Vol. XIV (1923-24).
“The Chicago Municipal Lodging House for Men,” in the
_Report and Handbook of the Department of Health of the
City of Chicago_ (1911-18), pp. 1076-81.
“Fifty Cheap Lodging Houses,” _First Semi-Annual Report of
the Department of Public Welfare of Chicago_ (March, 1915),
pp. 66-73.
FOLEY, R. W., “The Shifting Population of Homeless Men
and the Cheap Lodging House” (typewritten manuscript of
twenty-nine pages in Department of Sociology, University of
Chicago).
_Report to the Mayor and Alderman by the Chicago Municipal
Markets Commission on a Practical Program for Relieving
Destitution and Unemployment in the City of Chicago_,
December 28, 1914.
ROBINS, RAYMOND, “What Constitutes a Model Municipal
Lodging House,” _Proceedings of the National Conference of
Charities and Correction_ (1904), pp. 155-66.
SOLENBERGER, ALICE W., _One Thousand Homeless Men_. New
York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1911. Pp. 374.
STEAD, WILLIAM T., _If Christ Should Come to Chicago_[74]
Chicago: Laird & Lee, 1894. Pp. 463.
FOOTNOTES:
[74] The first chapter describes the homeless-man areas of 1893.
INDEX
INDEX
“A No. 1,” 100
Adler, Herman M., 73
Agencies, conflicting policies of, 15
Alcoholism, 66, 67, 134-35
American Express, 166
American Legion, 260
Ashleigh, Charles, 205
Association of hobo with women, 138
Associations: I.B.W.A., 230, 235-40;
I.W.W., 230-35;
J.P.A., ix;
M.W.U., 230
Atkins, Brigadier J. E., 171, 180-81
Attitude of perverts, 148
Ball, Charles B., 260
Ballot, hobo regard for, 153
Barber colleges, 37-38
Barrel-house, 27
Begging, 47, 49, 50
Bills of fare on “stem,” 34
Bloch, Iwan, 144
Boarding companies, 130-31
Bookstore, 38
Borrowing, 49
Boy tramp, and perversion, 145;
and wanderlust, 83
Boyd, Charles J., 120
Boys and tramp life, 85
Bread lines, 258
Brennan, Pat, 208
“Bughouse Square,” 9-10
Bum, the, 98
“Carrying the banner,” 53
Catholic charities, 259
Christian Industrial League, 27-28, 260
Chicago, a winter shelter, 12-13
Chicago labor exchange, 12, 110
Chicago plan for homeless men, 271-79
Chicago Urban League, 259
Civil authorities and tramp, 163-64
Clearing house for homeless men, 122, 136
Clothing stores, 35-36
“Coffee-an’” level, 40
Cooking in jungles, 22-23
College,” “Hobo, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 227, 237
Construction work, 107
Court experience of hobo, 165-66
Criminal, hobos not, 164-65
Crises in life of person, 77-79
Crop moving, 107
Cubicles or “cages,” 30
Dawes, General C. G., 28
Day in the jungles, 21-25
Dragstedt, A. W., 25 n., 171, 177-78, 212
Drug addicts, 67-68;
not hobos, 69
Educating the proletariat, 219
Egocentricity, 74-76
Ellis, Havelock, 144
Employment agencies, comparison of, 115-17;
private, 111-12;
public, 114-16
Employment service, need of, 122
Evangelists and soap-boxers, 217
Faking, street, 43
Farmer-Labor Party, 152
Flops, co-operative, 238-39
Flynt, Josiah, 94, 146
Fortune-tellers, 39
“Free-lance” speakers, 216, 218
Free-union marriages, 141-42
“Getting by,” a game, 57;
meaning of, 40-41
Giovannitti, Arturo, 201
Grafts, old and new, 44
Grant Park, in summer, 11
Greenstein, “Mother” 139, 171, 183-84
Handicapped men, 125-28
Harvey-Dammarell hotels, 28-29
Harvey-McGuire hotels, 28
“Hat trick,” the, 45-46
Hazards of casual work, 129
Health Department, 131, 132, 133
Healy, William, 70
Hill, Joe, 208, 209
Hobo, definition of, 87-89;
and drink, 135;
and exposure, 136;
health in town, 131-33;
hostility to in small town, 26;
names for, 93;
nativity of, 150-51;
origin of, 88;
pioneer, and frontiersman, 92;
poor beggar, 49;
and religion, 262;
status of, 167;
voting, 151-52;
what he reads, 187-89;
worker, 91
Hobohemia, defined, 3
“Hogan’s Flop,” 31-33
Home, why men leave, 61 ff.
Home guard, 96-97;
types of, 100-101
Homeless men, and the law, 154;
mostly unmarried, 137
Horsley, Dan, 171, 175-77
Housing problem, 39
How, James Eads, 88, 172, 174, 175, 239
I.B.W.A., 230, 235-40;
Holding Committee, 237-38;
origin of, 235-36;
program of, 236-37
Industrial attractions, 62;
fishing, 107;
ice harvesting, 108;
lumbering, 108;
sheep-shearing, 107-8
Industrially inadequate, 65
Industry, changes in, 62-63;
hazards of, 65-66
I.W.W., 230-35;
literature list, 187-88;
methods and appeal, 232-34;
origin of, 230;
periodicals, 191;
program, 231;
treatment in Chicago, 235;
treatment by Ku Klux Klan, 191
“Jack rolling,” 5, 51-52
Jewish Social Service Bureau, 259
Job hunting, 109
Jobs sold, estimate of, 111
Jockers, 103
Johnson, Glenn R., 72
Jungle, buzzard, 103;
a day in, 21-25;
democracy in, 19;
laws of, 20-21;
location and types of, 16-17;
on lake front, 10;
trial in, 24-25;
womanless, 18
Juvenile Protective Association, ix
Kelihor, T. T., 160
Kelly, John X., 171, 173-74, 242, 243-46
Kemp, Harry, 196, 199
“Killing time,” 215-16
Klein, Nicholas, 88
Knibbs, H. H., 198
Lady barbers, 38
Langsman, Charles W., 171, 178-79
Laubach, F. C., 126
Leadership in Hobohemia, 184
Lescohier, Don D., 119
Library privileges, 185
Life, loss of, 161-62
Light work, 129
Living, cheap in city, 13
Lodging-houses, municipal, 127, 134, 260-61;
quasi-charitable, 27-28;
sanitary conditions of, 131-32;
types of, 27
Medical attention, free, 13;
on the job, 130
Melis, Lewis, 206
Mental tests, 71-73
Migratory Workers’ Union, 230, 240-41;
aims and objects, 241, 247
Miller, H. A., 82 n.
Missions, 250-58;
converts of, 253-54;
competition between, 250;
migratory national, 252;
permanent local, 251;
soliciting funds, 252;
“wild cat,” 253
Mission stiffs, 98, 103
Mobility, complicates problem, 15;
effects of, 120, 248-49;
of handicapped men, 128
“Mooching,” 50
Movies and burlesque, 37
Mullenbach, James, 260
Municipal Lodging House (Chicago), 260-61;
(New York), 127, 134
Mushfaker, 99
Myers, Dr. Johnston, 171, 181-83
National program, 270
Negro hobos, 8
New York Central Railroad, 166
_News, Hobo_, 177, 185, 186, 187, 192
Odd jobs, in city, 41
Old men, 69
“One Big Union,” 231
Open forums, 226-28
Organizations among hobos, 230;
failure of, 247-49
“Panhandling,” 50
Park, R. E., 82 n.
Partnerships among hobos, 147
Passing the hat, 223
Patriotism, 151
Pawn shops, 36
Peddling on street, 42
Personal degradation, 57, 65
Personality, defects of, 72-76
Perversion among tramps, 144-47
Pintner and Toops, 71, 72 n.
Poems and ballads, 194-214;
“Away from Town,” 199-200;
“Beaten Men,” 205;
Bum,” “The, 201-2;
Bum on the Rods and the Bum on the Plush,” “The, 202;
Dishwasher,” “The, 201-2;
Gila Monster Route,” “The, 194-96;
“Harvest War Song,” 208;
Hobo Knows,” “The, 203;
Hobo’s Last Lament,” “The, 212;
“Men That Don’t Fit In,” 204;
“No Matter Where You Go,” 213-14;
“Nothing to Do But Go,” 198-99;
“One Day; Some Way,” 205;
“Optimism,” 213;
“Portland County Jail,” 211;
Preacher and the Slave,” “The, 210;
Slave Market,” “The, 206-7;
Tramp,” “The, 209;
Tramp Confession,” “The, 196-98;
Wanderer,” “The, 206
Police, encounters with hobos, 156-58;
methods of, 155, 160, 164;
private, 155;
types of, 154-55
Poorhouse, aversion of hobo to, 56;
Population, turnover in Hobohemia, 13-14
Program for future action, 279
“Proletariat,” 176
Property, destruction of, 161
Prostitutes, “second raters,” 143
Prostitution, 142-43
Punk, 99, 103
Queen, Stuart A., 26 n.
Racial discrimination, 81
Radical press, 186
Raid on jungles, 23-24
Railroad yards, 8
Reitman, Ben L., 87, 102, 134 n., 143, 171, 172-73
Religion, practical, 182;
and love, 179;
and work, 180
Restaurants and lunchrooms, 33-35;
sanitary conditions of, 35
Robins, Raymond, 260
Rountree, B. Seebohm, 64 n.
Sabotage, 121
Saloons, 38-39
Salvation Army, 27-28, 250, 260
Scissor Bill, 99
Seasonal fluctuations, 63
Seasonal workers, 89-90
Second-hand clothing, 35-36
Service, Robert W., 203
Sex isolation of hobo, 144, 149
Seymour, James, 200
Short jobs, 118-19
Sickness and disease, 133
Soap-boxers, ethics and tactics of, 222-24;
and opinion, 228-29;
his rôle on stand, 229;
versatility of, 224-26
Social center for hobos, 11;
in the jungles, 16, 26
Solenberger, Alice W., 9 n., 71, 87, 125-26
_Solidarity_, the _Industrial_, 190-91
State farm colony, 277
Stealing, petty, 51
Street speaking, 216-20;
lectures, 220
Strike jobs, 120-21
Summary and findings, 265-79
Terman, L. M., 71 n.
Testimonies of converts, 256
Thornburn, Charles, 205
Tramp, the, 93-95
Tramping, a man’s game, 137
Tucker, St. John, 87
Tugwell, Rexford, 82
Types, rendezvous of, 5, 7, 9;
of homeless men, 105;
numbers of each in Chicago, 105-6;
of peddlers, 42-43
Unemployables, 104
Unemployment, 64-65
United Charities, 259
Vagrancy, explanation of, 85-86;
in small towns, 163
Van de Water, John, 171, 179-80
Vaudeville, 37
Venereal disease, 133-34
Walsh, Michael C., 171, 174-75, 242
Wanderlust, 82-83
Welfare organizations, 259-60
Westbrook, Warden Wesley, 165
White, Henry A., 203
Winter, “getting by” in, 52-53
Women and homeless men, 138-42
Work, a national problem, 121-22
“Working the folks,” 46-47
Writings of hobos, 188-90
Younger hobos, 140-41
PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.
=TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE=
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the
text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when
a predominant preference was found in the original book.
Pg 20: ‘jungles; “buzzing,” or’ replaced by ‘jungles; (3) “buzzing”
or’.
Pg 101: ‘carried bedding’ replaced by ‘Carried bedding’.
Pg 130: ‘are often let to’ replaced by ‘are often left to’.
Pg 134: ‘of veneral infection’ replaced by ‘of venereal infection’.
Pg 143: ‘have become adepts in’ replaced by ‘have become adept in’.
Pg 150: ‘and its mores.’ replaced by ‘and its mores?’.
Pg 156: ‘can’t get someting’ replaced by ‘can’t get something’.
Pg 216: ‘It oftens takes’ replaced by ‘It often takes’.
Pg 224: ‘tricks of holding’ replaced by ‘tricks for holding’.
Pg 282: ‘Family send him money’ replaced by ‘Family sends him
money’.
Pg 287: ‘carrys bundle’ replaced by ‘carries bundle’.