Countersigned by Don Gabriel de Ocana y Alarcon, and signed by the
Council. (Conserved in Archivo Historico Nacional, in the Cedulario
Indico, tomo 39, folio 225b.)
[23] _Para el efecto de propaganda fide_: evidently an allusion to the
Congregation of the Propaganda (vol. xxi, p. 164, note 40), and may
be freely rendered, "for carrying on the work of the [Congregation
for the] propagation of the faith"--Collado's friars being assigned
to mission work only.
[24] Expenses incurred either directly under the factor--one of the
royal officials--or in the trading ports established by the Spaniards.
[25] The above shows the form in which the accounts from this point
are entered. For the sake of greater condensation, we have reduced
the balance of the document to the following tabular form.
[26] From this and many other entries in these tables, it appears
that much of the money reported as paid from the royal treasury never
really left it, but that accounts were simply canceled. The benefit of
these transactions would accrue to the purchaser of the pay-check, for
he bought at a discount from the original holder; and, until the law
whereby all the creditors of the royal treasury made a _voluntary gift_
to the king of two-thirds of the account was enforced by Corcuera, he
could use the pay-check at its face value, thus making immense profits,
or canceling his debts to the royal treasury at small cost to himself.
[27] Probably planks one braza long.
[28] Spanish, _de guzmanes_; _i.e._, young men from noble families,
who served as midshipmen in the navy, or as cadets in the army.
[29] That is, what is saved on a short voyage is consumed by extra
expense on a long one; and the expenses average about the same,
one year with another.
[30] That is, the repartimientos or amounts assessed on each district
for the royal service, in rice, oil, and other products.
[31] Juan del Carpio was born at Rio Frio, Spain, in 1583. While a
youth, he met in Spain Alonso Humanes, who was going with missionaries
to the Philippines, and offered himself for that work. Humanes took
him to Mexico, where Carpio entered (1604) the Jesuit order; completing
there his education, he went to the Philippines in 1615. His missionary
labors were carried on among the Visayans, during eighteen years. He
was murdered by the Moro pirates, December 3, 1634. See account of
his life in Murillo Velarde's _Historia_, fol. 70 verso, 71.
[32] Juan Domingo Bilancio--thus Murillo Velarde (_Hist. de
Philipinas_, fol. 64); but Retana and Pastells (in Combes's _Hist. de
Mindanao_, cols. 740, 741) give the name as Juan Bautista Vilancio--was
born in the kingdom of Naples, about 1573. Before attaining his
majority, he entered the Jesuit order, and came to Manila in 1602,
spending the rest of his life in the Philippine missions. He was
captured by the Moro pirates in 1632, who demanded a heavy ransom
for him. This was raised in the following year, but he died in
captivity before the money reached him. His name (apparently Vilanci)
is given a Spanish form by all these writers; and he is not mentioned
by Sommervogel.
[33] The Paraguay missions, among the most famous of the Society of
Jesus, and an offshoot of those of Brazil, were founded in 1588. The
reductions formed from the converts early in the seventeenth century,
formed what has been called "the republic of Paraguay." There the
religious instructed them not only in religion, but in various trades
and industries, the products of their work being communal. The great
prosperity of the reductions was arrested (1631-32) by the heathen
tribes of Brazil, whereupon the Christian Indians abandoned them and
founded new missions at the Grand Rapids of the Parana River. In 1656
there were said to have been more than twenty towns all civilized,
each containing 5,000 or 6,000 Indians, and many other towns partly
civilized. Each reduction was governed by two priests. After the
expulsion the missions declined rapidly. See _Jesuit Relations_
(Cleveland reissue), xii, p. 276.