(Translate into English)
(1) I-kuh sien-sang van° chuh meh?
(2) °Ngoo iau° °tshing ih we° sien-sang.
(3) Khe khe mung.
(4) Di°-kuh kyau° sa°?
(5) Kwan mung.
(6) Di°-°pung su sa° nyung tan-le kuh?
(7) °‘A-°li kung °baung °z noong°-kuh?
(8) °‘A-°li ih zoo° vaung-°ts °z i-kuh?
(9) Sa° nyung tan-chi° kuh?
(10) Nyung °yeu °liang tsak °seu, °liang tsak kyak.
(11) Noong° °yeu sa° sang-i° tsoo° va°?
(12) Ngoo m-sa° sang-i° tsoo°.
(13) Noong° kyau° sa°?
(14) °Yeu sa° nyung tsing°-le va°? M-sa° nyung.
(15) Noong° mau°-°ts °yeu va°? M-meh.
(一) 伊個先生飯吃末?
(二) 我要請一位先生.
(三) 開開門.
(四) 第個叫啥?
(五) 關門.
(六) 第本書啥人担來個?
(七) 那裡一根棒是儂個?
(八) 那裡一座房子是伊個?
(九) 啥人擔去個?
(十) 人有兩隻手兩隻脚.
(十一) 儂有啥生意做否?
(十二) 我無啥生意做.
(十三) 儂叫啥?
(十四) 有啥人進來啥? 無啥人.
(十五) 儂帽子有否? 無末.
(Translated into Chinese)
(1) Have the children eaten their rice?
(2) Which cow is yours?
(3) Which bird is black?
(4) Bring the hot water.
(5) Bring the boiling water.
(6) Please come in.
(7) Who did it?
(8) Who brought it?
(9) Who took it away?
(10) Who wants it?
(11) Who entered?
(12) Who opened the door?
(13) Who shut the door?
(14) Which table is yours?
(15) What do you want?
(16) Have you anything to eat?
(17) I have nothing to eat.
(18) Have you any oranges?
(19) I have.
(20) I have none.
(一) 小囝飯吃末?
(二) 那裡一隻牛是儂個?
(三) 那裡一隻鳥是黑個?
(四) 担熱水來.
(五) 担開水來.
(六) 請進來.
(七) 啥人做個?
(八) 啥人擔來個?
(九) 啥人擔去個?
(十) 啥人要個?
(十一) 啥人進來個?
(十二) 啥人開門?
(十三) 啥人關門?
(十四) 那裡一隻檯子是儂個?
(十五) 儂要啥?
(十六) 儂有啥吃否?
(十七) 無啥吃.
(十八) 儂有啥橘子否?
(十九) 有個.
(二十) 無末.
Notes.
(1) Note the difference between {°tshing} (請), {kyau°} (叫) and
{han°} (喊). {°Tshing} is used in speaking to an equal or to a
superior. {Kyau°} in speaking to a servant. {Han°} in even more
curt than {kyau°}. Thus {°tshing yi le} (請伊來) means, “invite
him to come,” and is the polite form of speech if you wish an
equal to come to you. {Kyau° yi le} (叫伊來) or {han° yi le}
(喊伊來) would be used if you tell some one to call your servant
or a workman to you.
(2) Notice the repetition of the {khe} (開) in the third sentence of
the first exercise. This makes it more emphatic.
(3) The verbs {tan} (擔) “take” and {le} (來) “come” are often used
together in the sense of “bring.” Literally “take-come.” So
also with {tan} (擔) and {chi°} (去); this means, “Take away.”
Literally “Take-go.” Sometimes the {tan} and the {le}, and the
{tan} and the {chi°} are separated from one another by other
words in the sentence. Thus {tan su le} (擔書來) means “bring the
books.” The above remarks also hold true of {nau}.
(4) In the sixth sentence of the first exercise the words
{°di-°pung su} stand first. This is because they are emphatic.
It is difficult to give any hard and fast rule in regard to
the order of words in a Chinese sentence, but generally
speaking, we may say that the most emphatic word is placed
first. In this sentence it is the {book} which is being talked
about, and so it occurs first.
(5) The words in the thirteenth sentence of the first exercise
would only be addressed to a servant or to a child. “What are
you called?” means, “what is your name?” not “what is your
surname?”
In polite phraseology, in speaking to a person the pronoun
{noong°} is never employed. The third person is used instead of
the second. To ask your teacher his name, you would say
{Tsung sing°?} (尊姓), which means, “what is your honorable
name?” (surname). If you wish to inquire further as to his
other name, you would say {°tshing kyau° da° ‘au?} (請叫大號)
which means, “please tell me your great official name?” The
requirements of etiquette as to the use of words will be
explained later somewhat fully.
(6) In the fifth sentence of the second exercise, the expression
boiling water is used. For this the words {khe} (開) “open,” and
{°s} (水) “water” are used. It signifies that boiling water is
open water on account of the bubbles which proceed from it.